Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.53
Byungsung Kim, Jin-Seok Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of plyometric training (PT) with elastic bands on the physical fitness and isokinetic function in fencing foil athletes.METHODS: The study participants were 16 male and female foil fencers aged 20–35 who were selected as the national team in 2019 and classified into the PT with band (PTB) group (n=8) and PT group (n=8). The participants performed PT according to their elastic band status three times a week for four weeks. Both groups participated in the measurement of physical fitness and isokinetic function factors of the knee joint after 0 and 4 weeks.RESULTS: Hand grip strength decreased significantly after 4 weeks versus 0 week in both groups (respectively, p<.05), and the changestep jump increased significantly after 4 weeks compared with 0 week in both groups (respectively, p<.05). The number of front and back steps increased more significantly after 4 weeks in the PT group than in the PTB group (p<.05). The right flexor strength of the knee joint increased significantly after 4 weeks compared to that at 0 week in both groups (respectively, p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the use of elastic bands, the fencing-specific PT program improved agility factor and isokinetic function of knee joint.
{"title":"The Effects of Plyometric Training with Elastic Band on Physical Fitness and Isokinetic Function in Fencing Foil Athletes","authors":"Byungsung Kim, Jin-Seok Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of plyometric training (PT) with elastic bands on the physical fitness and isokinetic function in fencing foil athletes.METHODS: The study participants were 16 male and female foil fencers aged 20–35 who were selected as the national team in 2019 and classified into the PT with band (PTB) group (n=8) and PT group (n=8). The participants performed PT according to their elastic band status three times a week for four weeks. Both groups participated in the measurement of physical fitness and isokinetic function factors of the knee joint after 0 and 4 weeks.RESULTS: Hand grip strength decreased significantly after 4 weeks versus 0 week in both groups (respectively, p<.05), and the changestep jump increased significantly after 4 weeks compared with 0 week in both groups (respectively, p<.05). The number of front and back steps increased more significantly after 4 weeks in the PT group than in the PTB group (p<.05). The right flexor strength of the knee joint increased significantly after 4 weeks compared to that at 0 week in both groups (respectively, p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the use of elastic bands, the fencing-specific PT program improved agility factor and isokinetic function of knee joint.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48977550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.92
Jinyeub Nam, Jinkyung Cho, Taewan Kim, H. Kwak, Hyunsik Kang
PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the effects of treadmill running and intraperitoneal vitamin D administration on the changes in skeletal muscle morphology and mitochondrial dynamics induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6 mice.METHODS: Fifty 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either standard chow (SC, n=10) or HFD (n=40), and the animals were maintained on each diet for 12 weeks. During the final 6 weeks on these diet, the HFD mice were further divided into four subgroups: HFD only (n=10), HFD plus treadmill running (HFD+EX, n=10), HFD plus vitamin D administration (HFD+VD, n=10), and HFD plus treadmill running plus vitamin D administration (HFD+VD+EX, n=10). The morphology and mitochondrial dynamics markers of the gastrocnemius were assessed with immunohistochemistry and western blot, respectively.RESULTS: HFD resulted in morphological alterations in the muscle, such as decreased myocyte cross-sectional area and increased extramyocyte space. However, the HFD-induced morphological alterations were reversed by the combination of treadmill running and vitamin D administration (HFD vs. HFD+VD+EX). Furthermore, the combined treatment of treadmill running and vitamin D improved mitochondrial dynamics signaling pathways, such as mitochondrial fusion, fission, mitophagy, and mitochondria-mediated skeletal muscle apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study suggest that a combination of exercise and vitamin D supplementation might be an effective therapeutic strategy against HFD-induced morphological alterations and mitochondrial dysfunctions in skeletal muscle.
{"title":"Combined Effects of Treadmill Running and Vitamin D administration on Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Mitochondrial Dynamics in HFD-induced Obese Mice","authors":"Jinyeub Nam, Jinkyung Cho, Taewan Kim, H. Kwak, Hyunsik Kang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.92","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the effects of treadmill running and intraperitoneal vitamin D administration on the changes in skeletal muscle morphology and mitochondrial dynamics induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6 mice.METHODS: Fifty 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either standard chow (SC, n=10) or HFD (n=40), and the animals were maintained on each diet for 12 weeks. During the final 6 weeks on these diet, the HFD mice were further divided into four subgroups: HFD only (n=10), HFD plus treadmill running (HFD+EX, n=10), HFD plus vitamin D administration (HFD+VD, n=10), and HFD plus treadmill running plus vitamin D administration (HFD+VD+EX, n=10). The morphology and mitochondrial dynamics markers of the gastrocnemius were assessed with immunohistochemistry and western blot, respectively.RESULTS: HFD resulted in morphological alterations in the muscle, such as decreased myocyte cross-sectional area and increased extramyocyte space. However, the HFD-induced morphological alterations were reversed by the combination of treadmill running and vitamin D administration (HFD vs. HFD+VD+EX). Furthermore, the combined treatment of treadmill running and vitamin D improved mitochondrial dynamics signaling pathways, such as mitochondrial fusion, fission, mitophagy, and mitochondria-mediated skeletal muscle apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study suggest that a combination of exercise and vitamin D supplementation might be an effective therapeutic strategy against HFD-induced morphological alterations and mitochondrial dysfunctions in skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.63
Yuezhu Zhou, Changsun Kim, Seungjae Lee, Seokki Min
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate isokinetic muscle strength (IMS), anaerobic power, basic physical fitness, and body composition of Korean water polo athletes in the national team (NT) and reserve team (RT).METHODS: Twenty-nine male water polo athletes (aged 22.2±1.9 years) including 14 NT and 15 RT athletes participated in this study. The participants were evaluated for physiological parameters such as body composition, physical fitness, IMS, and anaerobic power. The IMS of the knees and shoulders (60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s, indicating maximal muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle endurance, respectively) and trunk (30°/s and 120°/s) were measured using a dynamometer (NORM, CSMI, USA). Anaerobic parameters were also measured using the 30-s maximal ergometer cycling Wingate test (Monark, Sweden).RESULTS: No significant differences in the IMS of the knee were found between two groups. Although the IMSs of shoulder flexion at 180º/s and 60°/s were not significantly different between the two groups, the IMSs of shoulder extension at 180º/sec and 60°/s in NT athletes were higher than those in RT athletes (p<.05, p<.01). There were no significant differences between the NT and RT (NS) groups in the left and right knee flexion/extension ratios (H/Q ratio, 60º/sec, 180º/sec). However, a significant difference was found in the right shoulder extension/flexion ratio (E/F ratio) between the two groups. Although height, muscle mass, fat mass, and Wingate anaerobic power were not significantly different between the two groups, the FEV1 and FVC of NT athletes were higher than those of RT athletes, respectively (p<.05, p<.01).CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the athletic characteristics of water polo players who pass and shoot and make swimming movements. The difference in the shoulder extensor muscle strength was one of the determining factors for the performance of water polo athletes.
目的:本研究的目的是评估韩国水球国家队(NT)和预备队(RT)运动员的等速肌力(IMS)、无氧能力、基本体能和身体成分。方法:29名男性水球运动员(年龄22.2±1.9岁)，其中NT运动员14名，RT运动员15名。评估参与者的生理参数，如身体成分、体能、IMS和无氧能力。膝关节和肩部(分别为60°/s、180°/s和240°/s，分别表示最大肌力、肌力和肌肉耐力)和躯干(30°/s和120°/s)的IMS采用测功机(NORM, CSMI, USA)测量。厌氧参数也使用30秒最大测力仪骑车Wingate测试(瑞典Monark)进行测量。结果:两组患者膝关节IMS无显著差异。两组在180º/s和60°/s屈曲时的IMSs无显著差异，但在180º/s和60°/s屈曲时，NT组的IMSs高于RT组(p< 0.05)。05, p < . 01)。NT组与RT (NS)组左、右膝关节屈伸比(H/Q比，60º/sec, 180º/sec)差异无统计学意义。然而，两组之间右肩伸屈比(E/F ratio)有显著差异。虽然两组运动员的身高、肌肉量、脂肪量和Wingate无氧能力差异不显著，但NT运动员的FEV1和FVC分别高于RT运动员(p< 0.05)。05, p < . 01)。结论:本研究结果提示水球运动员传球、投篮和游泳动作的运动特征。肩关节伸肌力量的差异是水球运动员运动成绩的决定因素之一。
{"title":"The Comparison of Physical Fitness Factors between Korea Water Polo National-team and Reserve-team Athletes","authors":"Yuezhu Zhou, Changsun Kim, Seungjae Lee, Seokki Min","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate isokinetic muscle strength (IMS), anaerobic power, basic physical fitness, and body composition of Korean water polo athletes in the national team (NT) and reserve team (RT).METHODS: Twenty-nine male water polo athletes (aged 22.2±1.9 years) including 14 NT and 15 RT athletes participated in this study. The participants were evaluated for physiological parameters such as body composition, physical fitness, IMS, and anaerobic power. The IMS of the knees and shoulders (60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s, indicating maximal muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle endurance, respectively) and trunk (30°/s and 120°/s) were measured using a dynamometer (NORM, CSMI, USA). Anaerobic parameters were also measured using the 30-s maximal ergometer cycling Wingate test (Monark, Sweden).RESULTS: No significant differences in the IMS of the knee were found between two groups. Although the IMSs of shoulder flexion at 180º/s and 60°/s were not significantly different between the two groups, the IMSs of shoulder extension at 180º/sec and 60°/s in NT athletes were higher than those in RT athletes (p<.05, p<.01). There were no significant differences between the NT and RT (NS) groups in the left and right knee flexion/extension ratios (H/Q ratio, 60º/sec, 180º/sec). However, a significant difference was found in the right shoulder extension/flexion ratio (E/F ratio) between the two groups. Although height, muscle mass, fat mass, and Wingate anaerobic power were not significantly different between the two groups, the FEV1 and FVC of NT athletes were higher than those of RT athletes, respectively (p<.05, p<.01).CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the athletic characteristics of water polo players who pass and shoot and make swimming movements. The difference in the shoulder extensor muscle strength was one of the determining factors for the performance of water polo athletes.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.41
Jeoung A Kwon, Taeyeon Oh, Kisung Kwon
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the association between physical or mental problems and health maintenance methods.METHODS: This study used data from the 2019 Korea National Sports Participation Survey, conducted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, as a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. This study included 7,863 participants (3,918 men, 3,945 women). A generalized linear model analysis was conducted and adjusted for sex, education, marital status, number of family members, children, monthly income, employment status, city type, residential type, and age. Additionally, we conducted a stratified analysis according to sex, monthly income, employment status, and city type.RESULTS: For the “regular sports activities” item, only women had a statistically positive result regardless of monthly income. For the “stop drinking and smoking” item, men had a statistically significant positive result regardless of monthly income and employment status.CONCLUSIONS: This study aimed to determine the differences in the relationship between physical or mental problems and health maintenance methods. The results confirm that the health maintenance method differs between men and women. Monthly income, employment status, and city type could also influence simultaneously. The health maintenance methods with differences between men and women were regular sports activities for monthly income and cessation of drinking and smoking for monthly income and employment status. Therefore, in future exercise physiology studies, the differences between men and women must be considered when selecting a method for maintaining health.
{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship between Physical or Mental Problems and Health Maintenance Methods by Personal Differences","authors":"Jeoung A Kwon, Taeyeon Oh, Kisung Kwon","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the association between physical or mental problems and health maintenance methods.METHODS: This study used data from the 2019 Korea National Sports Participation Survey, conducted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, as a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. This study included 7,863 participants (3,918 men, 3,945 women). A generalized linear model analysis was conducted and adjusted for sex, education, marital status, number of family members, children, monthly income, employment status, city type, residential type, and age. Additionally, we conducted a stratified analysis according to sex, monthly income, employment status, and city type.RESULTS: For the “regular sports activities” item, only women had a statistically positive result regardless of monthly income. For the “stop drinking and smoking” item, men had a statistically significant positive result regardless of monthly income and employment status.CONCLUSIONS: This study aimed to determine the differences in the relationship between physical or mental problems and health maintenance methods. The results confirm that the health maintenance method differs between men and women. Monthly income, employment status, and city type could also influence simultaneously. The health maintenance methods with differences between men and women were regular sports activities for monthly income and cessation of drinking and smoking for monthly income and employment status. Therefore, in future exercise physiology studies, the differences between men and women must be considered when selecting a method for maintaining health.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49642748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.100
Namyong Kim, Sewon Lee, Kyeongho Byun
PURPOSE: We aimed to examine the effects of limiting the number of ball touches on the physical and technical performances of junior football players during small-sided games (SSGs), which are widely used to improve football-specific physical and technical performances.METHODS: Nineteen middle-school football players participated in the study and took a pretest for their physical and technical skills to be evaluated before the main experiment. During the SSG, to balance teams according to the players’ levels of physical fitness and skill, we selected players with the highest to lowest total scores and organized them in an ABBA order. Ten players who obtained the highest scores participated in the SSG once a week for 5 weeks under the limitation of a certain number of ball touches (one, two, three, four, or free touches). Players could only play with a set number of touches. Each SSG consisted of 4-min sets with 4-min breaks after each set on a pitch with a goal.RESULTS: As the number of possible touches increased, the total distance and average speed of the players increased, and the distance ratio covered by running (over 13 km/h), but not walking or jogging, also increased. Regarding technical factors, as the number of touches a player could make increased, the number of passes decreased, whereas the rates of dribbles and defensive tackles increased.CONCLUSIONS: As the number of ball touches increased during the SSG, the young players covered a greater distance with a higher speed, unlike professional players, and the frequency of skills mostly used, such as passing and dribbling during the SSG, showed different results.
{"title":"Effects of Limiting the Number of Ball Touches on Physical and Technical Performance of the Junior Football Players during Small-sided Game","authors":"Namyong Kim, Sewon Lee, Kyeongho Byun","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.100","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: We aimed to examine the effects of limiting the number of ball touches on the physical and technical performances of junior football players during small-sided games (SSGs), which are widely used to improve football-specific physical and technical performances.METHODS: Nineteen middle-school football players participated in the study and took a pretest for their physical and technical skills to be evaluated before the main experiment. During the SSG, to balance teams according to the players’ levels of physical fitness and skill, we selected players with the highest to lowest total scores and organized them in an ABBA order. Ten players who obtained the highest scores participated in the SSG once a week for 5 weeks under the limitation of a certain number of ball touches (one, two, three, four, or free touches). Players could only play with a set number of touches. Each SSG consisted of 4-min sets with 4-min breaks after each set on a pitch with a goal.RESULTS: As the number of possible touches increased, the total distance and average speed of the players increased, and the distance ratio covered by running (over 13 km/h), but not walking or jogging, also increased. Regarding technical factors, as the number of touches a player could make increased, the number of passes decreased, whereas the rates of dribbles and defensive tackles increased.CONCLUSIONS: As the number of ball touches increased during the SSG, the young players covered a greater distance with a higher speed, unlike professional players, and the frequency of skills mostly used, such as passing and dribbling during the SSG, showed different results.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.3
N. Kang, Dong-Il Kim, Young-Min Park
PURPOSE: Genes had selectively evolved to enhance the motivation for physical movement in human during the Paleolithic era. To prepare for a potential forthcoming food deficiency, high physical activity was essential for survival in the environment where hunting wild animals and gathering plants. In modern society, however, developing technology and engineering has made human life easier to accomplish tasks with not much movement and effort, resulting in a profound deficiency in physical activity (i.e., physical inactivity).METHODS: In this review, the authors summarized previous studies searched by the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases.RESULTS: Reduced physical activity is significantly associated with the high prevalence of various diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity, sarcopenia, and cancer. Unfortunately, in women, menopause negatively impacts their body and physiology mainly due to the loss of estrogens, which also contributes to behavioral changes such as a significant reduction of physical activity levels during menopausal transition. In this review, the author focused to describe the underlying brain mechanism by which menopause results in reduced levels of physical activity through estrogens, estrogen receptors, and dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens, the main controller for exercise motivation.CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen receptor, specifically ERα, and dopamine receptors are the main controllers for voluntary physical activity. Furthermore, high running motivation is associated with enhanced dopamine activity. More studies are needed to verify whether enhanced dopamine activity can protect against menopause-associated reduction in physical activity.
{"title":"Menopause Induces Physical Inactivity through Brain Estrogen Receptor and Dopamine Signaling","authors":"N. Kang, Dong-Il Kim, Young-Min Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Genes had selectively evolved to enhance the motivation for physical movement in human during the Paleolithic era. To prepare for a potential forthcoming food deficiency, high physical activity was essential for survival in the environment where hunting wild animals and gathering plants. In modern society, however, developing technology and engineering has made human life easier to accomplish tasks with not much movement and effort, resulting in a profound deficiency in physical activity (i.e., physical inactivity).METHODS: In this review, the authors summarized previous studies searched by the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases.RESULTS: Reduced physical activity is significantly associated with the high prevalence of various diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity, sarcopenia, and cancer. Unfortunately, in women, menopause negatively impacts their body and physiology mainly due to the loss of estrogens, which also contributes to behavioral changes such as a significant reduction of physical activity levels during menopausal transition. In this review, the author focused to describe the underlying brain mechanism by which menopause results in reduced levels of physical activity through estrogens, estrogen receptors, and dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens, the main controller for exercise motivation.CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen receptor, specifically ERα, and dopamine receptors are the main controllers for voluntary physical activity. Furthermore, high running motivation is associated with enhanced dopamine activity. More studies are needed to verify whether enhanced dopamine activity can protect against menopause-associated reduction in physical activity.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44287035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.21
H. Eun, Seung-Soo Baek
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the influence of exercise on improving sleep quality in middle-aged and older patients with sleep disorders using subjective (PSQI and ISI) and physiological indicators (ActiGraph). The relationships between various moderators by which exercise affects sleep-disorder improvement were investigated.METHODS: From the study’s inception to December 31, 2021, the PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0, using the random-effects model.RESULTS: The meta-analysis of 21 studies showed that exercise improves sleep quality (ES=-0.42, p=.00), insomnia severity (ES= -0.54, p=.00), and sleep efficiency (ES=0.37, p=.00). A walking-based exercise was effective in improving sleep quality (ES=-0.38, p=.00), insomnia severity (ES=-0.55, p=.03), and sleep efficiency (ES=-0.39, p=.00) in middle-aged and older patients with sleep disorders. A mind–body exercise was effective in improving sleep quality (ES=-0.52, p=.00). Regardless of exercise frequency, 90-120 min of exercise per week was important, and moderate-intensity exercise of more than 30 min/day improved sleep in middle-aged and older adults.CONCLUSIONS: Exercise is an effective intervention for improving sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults with sleep disorders. The walking-based and mind–body exercises were effective, and differences according to the exercise intervention components were observed. Customized exercise interventions are possible depending on individuals’ physical strength and can be safe and economical.
{"title":"Effect of Exercise on Sleep in the Middle-aged and Older adult: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"H. Eun, Seung-Soo Baek","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study evaluated the influence of exercise on improving sleep quality in middle-aged and older patients with sleep disorders using subjective (PSQI and ISI) and physiological indicators (ActiGraph). The relationships between various moderators by which exercise affects sleep-disorder improvement were investigated.METHODS: From the study’s inception to December 31, 2021, the PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0, using the random-effects model.RESULTS: The meta-analysis of 21 studies showed that exercise improves sleep quality (ES=-0.42, p=.00), insomnia severity (ES= -0.54, p=.00), and sleep efficiency (ES=0.37, p=.00). A walking-based exercise was effective in improving sleep quality (ES=-0.38, p=.00), insomnia severity (ES=-0.55, p=.03), and sleep efficiency (ES=-0.39, p=.00) in middle-aged and older patients with sleep disorders. A mind–body exercise was effective in improving sleep quality (ES=-0.52, p=.00). Regardless of exercise frequency, 90-120 min of exercise per week was important, and moderate-intensity exercise of more than 30 min/day improved sleep in middle-aged and older adults.CONCLUSIONS: Exercise is an effective intervention for improving sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults with sleep disorders. The walking-based and mind–body exercises were effective, and differences according to the exercise intervention components were observed. Customized exercise interventions are possible depending on individuals’ physical strength and can be safe and economical.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47039168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.73
H. Jun, Eunwook Chang
PURPOSE: Quadriceps muscle weakness caused by muscle atrophy is a typical feature of individuals who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Although many studies have suggested an acceptable timing for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there are still many controversies. Therefore, this study aimed to present an evidence-based recommendation for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by evaluating muscle size and function 9 months after the reconstruction.METHODS: Eighteen patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated for quadricep thickness and isokinetic knee extension strength in both limbs. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences 1) in thigh muscle thickness and isokinetic knee extension strength between the reconstructed limbs in “more than 9 months after surgery” and “less than 9 months after surgery” groups and 2) between the limb symmetry index of the two groups.RESULTS: The main findings were that the vastus medialis thickness and isokinetic knee extension strength for the reconstructed limbs were significantly greater in the more than 9 months after surgery group (vastus medialis: Z=12.00, p=.014; strength: Z=16.00, p=.034). The vastus medialis and vastus intermedius thicknesses in the more than 9 months after surgery group also showed a significant increase compared to those in the less than 9 months after surgery group (vastus medialis: Z=10.00, p=.006; vastus intermedius: Z= 10.00, p=.006).CONCLUSIONS: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, selective muscle atrophy and weakness in the quadriceps muscles were observed. This study emphasizes the need for targeted early rehabilitation of specific quadriceps muscles to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
{"title":"Comparison of Differences in Thigh Muscle Morphology and Function according to Post-anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery Period","authors":"H. Jun, Eunwook Chang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Quadriceps muscle weakness caused by muscle atrophy is a typical feature of individuals who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Although many studies have suggested an acceptable timing for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there are still many controversies. Therefore, this study aimed to present an evidence-based recommendation for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by evaluating muscle size and function 9 months after the reconstruction.METHODS: Eighteen patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated for quadricep thickness and isokinetic knee extension strength in both limbs. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences 1) in thigh muscle thickness and isokinetic knee extension strength between the reconstructed limbs in “more than 9 months after surgery” and “less than 9 months after surgery” groups and 2) between the limb symmetry index of the two groups.RESULTS: The main findings were that the vastus medialis thickness and isokinetic knee extension strength for the reconstructed limbs were significantly greater in the more than 9 months after surgery group (vastus medialis: Z=12.00, p=.014; strength: Z=16.00, p=.034). The vastus medialis and vastus intermedius thicknesses in the more than 9 months after surgery group also showed a significant increase compared to those in the less than 9 months after surgery group (vastus medialis: Z=10.00, p=.006; vastus intermedius: Z= 10.00, p=.006).CONCLUSIONS: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, selective muscle atrophy and weakness in the quadriceps muscles were observed. This study emphasizes the need for targeted early rehabilitation of specific quadriceps muscles to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.33
Chae-Bin Lee, Seung-Soo Baek
PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the effects of aquabike exercise on the gait ability and cardiorespiratory and fall-related fitness of older women with obesity.METHODS: The participants were divided into 65–74 years old and 75–82 years old groups. Verified cardiorespiratory fitness and physical changes were compared between the groups. The aquabike exercise used in this study was a combination of water exercise and a fixed bicycle on the ground. A 50-min aquabike exercise was performed three times weekly for 12 weeks.RESULTS: Our study’s results revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness did not show any significant changes between the groups × period of forced expiratory volume, maximum 80% exercise duration, maximum heart rate, and pedals per minute. The number of revolutions increased significantly after the exercise. In relation to gait, there was no significant change between the group × period of time required for walking 6 m and the number of steps, whereas the time required and the number of steps required to walk for 6 m within the groups significantly decreased after exercise. There were no significant changes between the groups × period in 3-m round-trip, five chair-standing, 30-s chair-standing, and relative grip strength of fall-related physical variables; however, the time required to walk a 3-m round-trip and five chair-to-stand within the groups decreased after aquabike exercise.CONCLUSIONS: Aquabike exercise is an effective mediation strategy for older women with obesity, as it is an exercise method that maintains a vibrant life in older age groups as well as walking ability by improving cardiopulmonary and fall-related physical strength.
{"title":"Effects of Aquabike Exercise on Gait Ability, Cardiovascular and Fall-related Fitness in Older Women with Obesity","authors":"Chae-Bin Lee, Seung-Soo Baek","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the effects of aquabike exercise on the gait ability and cardiorespiratory and fall-related fitness of older women with obesity.METHODS: The participants were divided into 65–74 years old and 75–82 years old groups. Verified cardiorespiratory fitness and physical changes were compared between the groups. The aquabike exercise used in this study was a combination of water exercise and a fixed bicycle on the ground. A 50-min aquabike exercise was performed three times weekly for 12 weeks.RESULTS: Our study’s results revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness did not show any significant changes between the groups × period of forced expiratory volume, maximum 80% exercise duration, maximum heart rate, and pedals per minute. The number of revolutions increased significantly after the exercise. In relation to gait, there was no significant change between the group × period of time required for walking 6 m and the number of steps, whereas the time required and the number of steps required to walk for 6 m within the groups significantly decreased after exercise. There were no significant changes between the groups × period in 3-m round-trip, five chair-standing, 30-s chair-standing, and relative grip strength of fall-related physical variables; however, the time required to walk a 3-m round-trip and five chair-to-stand within the groups decreased after aquabike exercise.CONCLUSIONS: Aquabike exercise is an effective mediation strategy for older women with obesity, as it is an exercise method that maintains a vibrant life in older age groups as well as walking ability by improving cardiopulmonary and fall-related physical strength.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.1
Chang-Nack Kim
{"title":"A New Leap Forward of Exercise Science - What Should We Do?","authors":"Chang-Nack Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41690755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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