Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00507
Takayuki Akimoto
Skeletal muscles are composed of several fiber types that differ in their structure, molecular composition, metabolic activity, and functional properties. The four major myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, slow-twitch oxidative (type I), fast-twitch oxidative (type IIa), fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (type IId/x), and fast-twitch glycolytic (type IIb), are hetero-geneously distributed in the skeletal muscles of mammals, and are useful markers for the muscle fiber types [1]. In humans, MyHC IIb is not detectable in skeletal muscles, but MYH4 , the gene encoding this protein, is present in our genome. Muscle performance is, at least partly, dictated by the composition of muscle fiber types, and precise understanding of the fiber type has attracted much attention from sports scientists. In addition, increased interest in the role of skeletal muscle in metabolic diseases has extended the awareness of muscle fiber types to a wide audience in clinical medicine [2].
{"title":"Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Switching Revisited","authors":"Takayuki Akimoto","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00507","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscles are composed of several fiber types that differ in their structure, molecular composition, metabolic activity, and functional properties. The four major myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, slow-twitch oxidative (type I), fast-twitch oxidative (type IIa), fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (type IId/x), and fast-twitch glycolytic (type IIb), are hetero-geneously distributed in the skeletal muscles of mammals, and are useful markers for the muscle fiber types [1]. In humans, MyHC IIb is not detectable in skeletal muscles, but MYH4 , the gene encoding this protein, is present in our genome. Muscle performance is, at least partly, dictated by the composition of muscle fiber types, and precise understanding of the fiber type has attracted much attention from sports scientists. In addition, increased interest in the role of skeletal muscle in metabolic diseases has extended the awareness of muscle fiber types to a wide audience in clinical medicine [2].","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00290
Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Taek Lim, Ji-Hoon Cho
PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of different intervention programs of resistance exercise, stretching
{"title":"Effects of an Intervention Program on Lumber Muscle Function in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain","authors":"Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Taek Lim, Ji-Hoon Cho","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00290","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of different intervention programs of resistance exercise, stretching","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00437
Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Taek Lim, Ji-Hoon Cho
{"title":"Effects of an Intervention Program on Lumber Muscle Function in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain","authors":"Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Taek Lim, Ji-Hoon Cho","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135327070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSE: Older adults experience a degenerative process that causes several health problems such as an increased risk of falling due to poor balance. However, to reduce the risk of falling exercise is used as an early intervention. The study aimed to understand the differences in the effect of single-leg stance exercises and bridging exercises with core stability exercises on increasing balance in older adults.METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Salus Medica Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic using a sample of 30 individuals divided into two groups. The interventions were conducted twice weekly for one month. The evaluation included first, middle, and final evaluations using the Berg Balance Scale. Moreover, the statistical test was used to determine the effect of intergroup administration on increasing the balance of older adults, whereas the independent t-test was used to determine the effects of intergroup administration on increasing balance among older adults.RESULTS: The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the p-value assumed sphericity in both groups (p=.000), which implies that the two groups improved the balance of the older adults. The independent t-test identified that the p-value equal variances were assumed (p=.572), which indicated no difference in the effect between the two groups in increasing the balance of older adults.CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference between single-leg stance exercises with core stability exercises and bridging exercises with core stability exercises in improving balance among older adults was observed.
{"title":"Different Effects of Single-leg Stance Exercise and Bridging Exercise with Core Stability Exercise on Older Adults Balance","authors":"Brissa Isabel Salsabila, Farid Rahman, Yenny Lindoyo","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00206","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Older adults experience a degenerative process that causes several health problems such as an increased risk of falling due to poor balance. However, to reduce the risk of falling exercise is used as an early intervention. The study aimed to understand the differences in the effect of single-leg stance exercises and bridging exercises with core stability exercises on increasing balance in older adults.METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Salus Medica Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic using a sample of 30 individuals divided into two groups. The interventions were conducted twice weekly for one month. The evaluation included first, middle, and final evaluations using the Berg Balance Scale. Moreover, the statistical test was used to determine the effect of intergroup administration on increasing the balance of older adults, whereas the independent t-test was used to determine the effects of intergroup administration on increasing balance among older adults.RESULTS: The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the <i>p</i>-value assumed sphericity in both groups (<i>p</i>=.000), which implies that the two groups improved the balance of the older adults. The independent t-test identified that the <i>p</i>-value equal variances were assumed (<i>p</i>=.572), which indicated no difference in the effect between the two groups in increasing the balance of older adults.CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference between single-leg stance exercises with core stability exercises and bridging exercises with core stability exercises in improving balance among older adults was observed.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00381
Woo-Jung Lee, Yun-Hwan Lee, Ji-Eun Lee, Ho-Seong Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent core exercises and weight loss on lower back pain, core muscle strength, and balance in middle-aged obese women.METHODS: Eighteen middle-aged obese women were randomly assigned to the core exercise with weight loss (CE+WL, n=6), core exercise (CE, n=6), and control (CON, n=6) groups. Moreover, CE was conducted for 60 minutes, three times a week for 8 weeks, with a weight loss goal of approximately 0.5-1 kg per week. All participants underwent measurements of body composition (weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, muscle mass, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), low back pain (visual analogue scale [VAS]), core muscle strength (hip flexor), and balance (sensory organization, reaction time, and motor control)) before the experiment, at 4 and 8 weeks.RESULTS: A significant decrease in WHR was observed at 4 and 8 weeks of exercise compared to that before exercise in both the CE+WL and CE groups (p<.05). Additionally, VAS scores significantly decreased at 4 and 8 weeks compared to those before exercise in the CE+WL group and a decrease was observed at 8 weeks in the CE group (p<.05). Hip flexor strength significantly increased at 8 weeks of exercise compared to that before exercise in the CE+WL group (p<.05). Furthermore, hip flexor strength also significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks in the CE group (p<.05). Sensory organization significantly increased at C2 after 8 weeks of exercise compared with that before exercise in the CE+WL group (p<.05).CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that combining CE with WL concurrently leads to improvements in WHR, back pain, hip flexor strength, and sensory organization in middle-aged obese women.
{"title":"Effects of Isotonic Core Exercise with Weight Loss on Low Back Pain, Core Strength and Balance in Obese Middle-Aged Women","authors":"Woo-Jung Lee, Yun-Hwan Lee, Ji-Eun Lee, Ho-Seong Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00381","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent core exercises and weight loss on lower back pain, core muscle strength, and balance in middle-aged obese women.METHODS: Eighteen middle-aged obese women were randomly assigned to the core exercise with weight loss (CE+WL, n=6), core exercise (CE, n=6), and control (CON, n=6) groups. Moreover, CE was conducted for 60 minutes, three times a week for 8 weeks, with a weight loss goal of approximately 0.5-1 kg per week. All participants underwent measurements of body composition (weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, muscle mass, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), low back pain (visual analogue scale [VAS]), core muscle strength (hip flexor), and balance (sensory organization, reaction time, and motor control)) before the experiment, at 4 and 8 weeks.RESULTS: A significant decrease in WHR was observed at 4 and 8 weeks of exercise compared to that before exercise in both the CE+WL and CE groups (<i>p</i><.05). Additionally, VAS scores significantly decreased at 4 and 8 weeks compared to those before exercise in the CE+WL group and a decrease was observed at 8 weeks in the CE group (<i>p</i><.05). Hip flexor strength significantly increased at 8 weeks of exercise compared to that before exercise in the CE+WL group (<i>p</i><.05). Furthermore, hip flexor strength also significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks in the CE group (<i>p</i><.05). Sensory organization significantly increased at C2 after 8 weeks of exercise compared with that before exercise in the CE+WL group (<i>p</i><.05).CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that combining CE with WL concurrently leads to improvements in WHR, back pain, hip flexor strength, and sensory organization in middle-aged obese women.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00255
Dong-Hyun Lee, Soon-Chang Sung, Kwang-Seok Hong
PURPOSE: Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a common symptom in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Aerobic exercise is a promising therapeutic intervention for delaying or ameliorating age-related CBF deterioration in older individuals. The review outlines the differences in CBF between healthy older individuals and those with MCI, as well as the benefits of aerobic exercise in augmenting CBF in older adults.METHODS: We used academic search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Wiley Online Library, to identify studies demonstrating alterations in CBF with aging and the preventive and therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise on CBF in older adults. The keywords included ‘mild cognitive impairment,’ ‘elderly or older people,’ ‘cerebral blood flow,’ ‘cerebral perfusion,’ and ‘aerobic exercise.’RESULTS: Aerobic exercise improves or maintains health by enhancing CBF and cognitive function in healthy older individuals. The beneficial impact applies to older people with MCI, although research has been inconsistent regarding aerobic exercise-induced alterations in CBF.CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise is a promising treatment for MCI in older adults and promotes CBF and cognitive function. However, some studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding changes in CBF. The inconsistencies may be due to several factors, including health and age. Further investigations are warranted to delineate the effects of aerobic exercise on CBF in older adults with MCI.
目的:脑血流量减少(CBF)是老年人轻度认知障碍(MCI)的常见症状。有氧运动是一种很有前景的治疗干预措施，可以延缓或改善老年人与年龄相关的CBF恶化。该综述概述了健康老年人与轻度认知障碍患者之间脑血流的差异，以及有氧运动对增强老年人脑血流的益处。方法:我们使用学术搜索引擎，包括PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Google Scholar和Wiley Online Library，来识别证明CBF随年龄变化的研究，以及有氧运动对老年人CBF的预防和治疗作用。关键词包括“轻度认知障碍”、“老年人”、“脑血流量”、“脑灌注”和“有氧运动”。结果:有氧运动通过增强健康老年人的脑血流和认知功能来改善或维持健康。这种有益的影响适用于患有轻度认知障碍的老年人，尽管关于有氧运动引起的CBF改变的研究一直不一致。结论:有氧运动是治疗老年人轻度认知损伤的一种有希望的治疗方法，可以促进脑血流和认知功能。然而，一些研究报告了关于CBF变化的不一致的发现。这种不一致可能是由几个因素造成的，包括健康和年龄。需要进一步的研究来描述有氧运动对老年轻度认知损伤患者脑血流的影响。
{"title":"Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise Interventions on Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow-Induced Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Dong-Hyun Lee, Soon-Chang Sung, Kwang-Seok Hong","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00255","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a common symptom in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Aerobic exercise is a promising therapeutic intervention for delaying or ameliorating age-related CBF deterioration in older individuals. The review outlines the differences in CBF between healthy older individuals and those with MCI, as well as the benefits of aerobic exercise in augmenting CBF in older adults.METHODS: We used academic search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Wiley Online Library, to identify studies demonstrating alterations in CBF with aging and the preventive and therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise on CBF in older adults. The keywords included ‘mild cognitive impairment,’ ‘elderly or older people,’ ‘cerebral blood flow,’ ‘cerebral perfusion,’ and ‘aerobic exercise.’RESULTS: Aerobic exercise improves or maintains health by enhancing CBF and cognitive function in healthy older individuals. The beneficial impact applies to older people with MCI, although research has been inconsistent regarding aerobic exercise-induced alterations in CBF.CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise is a promising treatment for MCI in older adults and promotes CBF and cognitive function. However, some studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding changes in CBF. The inconsistencies may be due to several factors, including health and age. Further investigations are warranted to delineate the effects of aerobic exercise on CBF in older adults with MCI.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00318
Okimitsu Oyama, Seonggyu Choi, Changgeun Oh, Eunchan Kim, Dong-Hyuk Park, Minsuk Oh, Dae-hyun Park, Hye-Kyoung Seo, jungsun Han, Dongiae Jeon, Seong-Hyok Kim, Justin Y Jeon
PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between blood glucose level changes and body characteristics during exercise and to present six models for predicting changes in blood glucose levels during exercise.METHODS: 148 healthy men and women (age: 31.9±9.7 year, fasting blood glucose: 102.1±14.1 mg/dL, p=.032) participated in the study, and 30 of them participated in the study. Eight variables were selected to build two prediction models: 24-hour ingested carbohydrates, age, blood glucose, heart rate changes, sex, skeletal muscle mass, heart rate recovery after exercise, and resting heart rate. Logistic regression and random forest classifier models were used to predict the changes in blood glucose levels during exercise.RESULTS: A total of six models were created for all participants, male and female. Random forest classification (training set: AUC=0.837, Youden index=0.66; validation set: AUC=0.730, Youden index=0.53) and logistic regression classification models (training set: AUC=0.807, Youden index=0.55; validation set: AUC=0.735, Youden index=0.57) were built.CONCLUSION: The random forest model showed good performance in classifying internal data, whereas the logistic regression classification model demonstrated relatively good performance in classifying validation data.
{"title":"Prediction Models of Blood Glucose Change During Aerobic Exercise Using Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Okimitsu Oyama, Seonggyu Choi, Changgeun Oh, Eunchan Kim, Dong-Hyuk Park, Minsuk Oh, Dae-hyun Park, Hye-Kyoung Seo, jungsun Han, Dongiae Jeon, Seong-Hyok Kim, Justin Y Jeon","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00318","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between blood glucose level changes and body characteristics during exercise and to present six models for predicting changes in blood glucose levels during exercise.METHODS: 148 healthy men and women (age: 31.9±9.7 year, fasting blood glucose: 102.1±14.1 mg/dL, <i>p</i>=.032) participated in the study, and 30 of them participated in the study. Eight variables were selected to build two prediction models: 24-hour ingested carbohydrates, age, blood glucose, heart rate changes, sex, skeletal muscle mass, heart rate recovery after exercise, and resting heart rate. Logistic regression and random forest classifier models were used to predict the changes in blood glucose levels during exercise.RESULTS: A total of six models were created for all participants, male and female. Random forest classification (training set: AUC=0.837, Youden index=0.66; validation set: AUC=0.730, Youden index=0.53) and logistic regression classification models (training set: AUC=0.807, Youden index=0.55; validation set: AUC=0.735, Youden index=0.57) were built.CONCLUSION: The random forest model showed good performance in classifying internal data, whereas the logistic regression classification model demonstrated relatively good performance in classifying validation data.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00346
Ki-woong Noh, Sok Park
Sarcopenia affects tens of millions of adults worldwide, with a reported prevalence of 10-50% among older adults. A decrease in muscle strength and function due to aging reduces physical performance, causing pain and disease. Accordingly, interest in the treatment or prevention of sarcopenia through resistance exercises, which have been found to be effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy, is increasing. However, given the individual differences, it is difficult to determine the optimal RE method. Currently, the importance of personalized resistance exercise (RE) prescriptions is emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focused on the effects of resistance exercise on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, and muscle function in older adults in relation to sex differences. In this review, we aimed to analyze sex differences in the effect of RE on older adults with sarcopenia and provide meaningful information for future research on exercise programs for individuals with sarcopenia.
{"title":"Effects of Resistance Exercise on Older Individuals with Sarcopenia: Sex Differences in Humans","authors":"Ki-woong Noh, Sok Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00346","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia affects tens of millions of adults worldwide, with a reported prevalence of 10-50% among older adults. A decrease in muscle strength and function due to aging reduces physical performance, causing pain and disease. Accordingly, interest in the treatment or prevention of sarcopenia through resistance exercises, which have been found to be effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy, is increasing. However, given the individual differences, it is difficult to determine the optimal RE method. Currently, the importance of personalized resistance exercise (RE) prescriptions is emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focused on the effects of resistance exercise on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, and muscle function in older adults in relation to sex differences. In this review, we aimed to analyze sex differences in the effect of RE on older adults with sarcopenia and provide meaningful information for future research on exercise programs for individuals with sarcopenia.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00332
Inhwan Lee
PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between weight loss and handgrip strength (HGS) with cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older adults.METHODS: A total of 8,175 participants (54.1% women) aged ≥45 years, who participated in the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) were included. Study participants were classified as stable weight and 5 kg or more weight loss group based on weight change and as high, middle, and low categories based on HGS distributions. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) according to weight change status and HGS levels.RESULTS: During 13.0±3.1 years of follow-up, there were 1,809 (22.1%) deaths. In all-cause mortality, middle HGS (stable weight; HR=1.289, p<.001; weight loss; HR=1.723, p<.001) and low HGS (stable weight; HR=1.665, p<.001; weight loss; HR=2.488, p<.001) resulted in an increased risk of mortality compared to stable weight and high HGS (HR=1). Similarly, in non-CVD mortality, middle HGS (stable weight; HR=1.241, p=.005; weight loss; HR=1.816, p<.001) and low HGS (stable weight; HR=1.611, p<.001; weight loss; HR=2.658, p<.001) resulted in an increased risk of mortality compared to stable weight and high HGS (HR=1). However, in the high HGS category, no significant differences in the risk of all-cause and non-CVD mortality according to weight change were observed.CONCLUSIONS: The current finding suggested that the promotion of upper body muscular strength may play an important role in preventing premature death from all-cause and non-CVD, especially among those who suffer from weight loss.
{"title":"Association between Weight Loss and Hand-Grip Strength with Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults","authors":"Inhwan Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00332","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between weight loss and handgrip strength (HGS) with cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older adults.METHODS: A total of 8,175 participants (54.1% women) aged ≥45 years, who participated in the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) were included. Study participants were classified as stable weight and 5 kg or more weight loss group based on weight change and as high, middle, and low categories based on HGS distributions. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) according to weight change status and HGS levels.RESULTS: During 13.0±3.1 years of follow-up, there were 1,809 (22.1%) deaths. In all-cause mortality, middle HGS (stable weight; HR=1.289, <i>p</i><.001; weight loss; HR=1.723, <i>p</i><.001) and low HGS (stable weight; HR=1.665, <i>p</i><.001; weight loss; HR=2.488, <i>p</i><.001) resulted in an increased risk of mortality compared to stable weight and high HGS (HR=1). Similarly, in non-CVD mortality, middle HGS (stable weight; HR=1.241, <i>p</i>=.005; weight loss; HR=1.816, <i>p</i><.001) and low HGS (stable weight; HR=1.611, <i>p</i><.001; weight loss; HR=2.658, <i>p</i><.001) resulted in an increased risk of mortality compared to stable weight and high HGS (HR=1). However, in the high HGS category, no significant differences in the risk of all-cause and non-CVD mortality according to weight change were observed.CONCLUSIONS: The current finding suggested that the promotion of upper body muscular strength may play an important role in preventing premature death from all-cause and non-CVD, especially among those who suffer from weight loss.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00094
MinKi Kim, Jong Chul Park, Jee Hwan Ahn, Soo Hyun Park
PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a Handball Academy Korea Physical Fitness Test Battery for youth handball athletes considering their characteristics using the Delphi/AHP method.METHODS: After reviewing previous studies, an expert meeting was held to draft a battery. To select physical fitness variables, 17 experts with more than 10 years of research or coaching experience in related fields were invited. The contact validity of each variable was verified using the 1st and 2nd Delphi surveys. A decision-making method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assign weights to each factor in the final physical fitness battery, which was selected based on the results of the Delphi survey.RESULTS: Ten physical fitness factors, namely, length (CVR=1.00), weight (CVR=0.67), muscle strength (CVR=0.67), muscular endurance (CVR=0.83), cardiorespiratory fitness (CVR=0.83), flexibility (CVR=0.67), power (CVR=1.00), agility (CVR=1.00), speed (CVR=0.80), coordination (CVR=1.00), were determined. As test variables for physical fitness, height (CVR=0.83), arm span (CVR=0.67), lean body mass (CVR=0.64), handgrip strength (CVR=0.83), push-up (CVR=0.67), 20 m shuttle run (CVR=1.00), sitand-reach (CVR=0.83), standing long jump (CVR=0.76), countermovement jump (CVR=0.67), ball speed (CVR=0.67), rollercoaster run (CVR=0.83), visual reaction (CVR=0.83), 20 m sprint (CVR=0.83), and ball handling (CVR=0.67) were found to be valid. Weight was calculated according to the relative importance of the determined variables.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the Handball Academy Korea Physical Fitness Test Battery can be used to evaluate the physical fitness of youth handball athletes and select potential players.
{"title":"Development of Handball Academy Korea Physical Fitness Test Model for Youth Handball Players","authors":"MinKi Kim, Jong Chul Park, Jee Hwan Ahn, Soo Hyun Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00094","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a Handball Academy Korea Physical Fitness Test Battery for youth handball athletes considering their characteristics using the Delphi/AHP method.METHODS: After reviewing previous studies, an expert meeting was held to draft a battery. To select physical fitness variables, 17 experts with more than 10 years of research or coaching experience in related fields were invited. The contact validity of each variable was verified using the 1st and 2nd Delphi surveys. A decision-making method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assign weights to each factor in the final physical fitness battery, which was selected based on the results of the Delphi survey.RESULTS: Ten physical fitness factors, namely, length (CVR=1.00), weight (CVR=0.67), muscle strength (CVR=0.67), muscular endurance (CVR=0.83), cardiorespiratory fitness (CVR=0.83), flexibility (CVR=0.67), power (CVR=1.00), agility (CVR=1.00), speed (CVR=0.80), coordination (CVR=1.00), were determined. As test variables for physical fitness, height (CVR=0.83), arm span (CVR=0.67), lean body mass (CVR=0.64), handgrip strength (CVR=0.83), push-up (CVR=0.67), 20 m shuttle run (CVR=1.00), sitand-reach (CVR=0.83), standing long jump (CVR=0.76), countermovement jump (CVR=0.67), ball speed (CVR=0.67), rollercoaster run (CVR=0.83), visual reaction (CVR=0.83), 20 m sprint (CVR=0.83), and ball handling (CVR=0.67) were found to be valid. Weight was calculated according to the relative importance of the determined variables.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the Handball Academy Korea Physical Fitness Test Battery can be used to evaluate the physical fitness of youth handball athletes and select potential players.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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