Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00563
Young Hoon Kim, Su Hyun Kim, Taegyu Kim, Rui Ma
health-promoting strategies. From the perspective of public health as well as social welfare, it is essential to assess
促进健康的战略。从公共卫生和社会福利的角度来看，必须评估
{"title":"Health-related Physical Fitness, Blood Pressure, and Body Mass Index among People with Intellectual Disability, Visual Impairment, and Hearing Impairment","authors":"Young Hoon Kim, Su Hyun Kim, Taegyu Kim, Rui Ma","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00563","url":null,"abstract":"health-promoting strategies. From the perspective of public health as well as social welfare, it is essential to assess","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00542
Taewan Kim, Jinkyung Cho
PURPOSE: Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is synthesized and released during the night in specialized pineal gland cells. Among its variety of physiological properties, recent research indicates that MT has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this literature review was to summarize recent evidence that describes the effects of MT on the muscle function and preventive role of MT on exercise-induced muscle damage.METHODS: This review included previous research using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: We discussed the molecular structure and biological function of MT and the potential role of this hormone in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory processes. These activities have been studied in relation to the protection of muscle function against oxidative damage. In addition, MT is reported to have positive effects on muscle damage, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses in well-trained athletes following exercise training. Moreover, the potential beneficial effects of melatonin and mechanisms related to performance were revealed through improved sleep quality, muscle damage, and antioxidant levels in trained athletes.CONCLUSIONS: Finally, this review suggested that possibilities of MT as a supplementation for athletes; however, further research is required to investigate the specific mechanisms involved, the dose and duration of use, and the beneficial and detrimental effects of MT on athletic performance.
{"title":"Melatonin as an Antioxidant Supplement in Athletes: A Literature Review of Current Evidence","authors":"Taewan Kim, Jinkyung Cho","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00542","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is synthesized and released during the night in specialized pineal gland cells. Among its variety of physiological properties, recent research indicates that MT has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this literature review was to summarize recent evidence that describes the effects of MT on the muscle function and preventive role of MT on exercise-induced muscle damage.METHODS: This review included previous research using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: We discussed the molecular structure and biological function of MT and the potential role of this hormone in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory processes. These activities have been studied in relation to the protection of muscle function against oxidative damage. In addition, MT is reported to have positive effects on muscle damage, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses in well-trained athletes following exercise training. Moreover, the potential beneficial effects of melatonin and mechanisms related to performance were revealed through improved sleep quality, muscle damage, and antioxidant levels in trained athletes.CONCLUSIONS: Finally, this review suggested that possibilities of MT as a supplementation for athletes; however, further research is required to investigate the specific mechanisms involved, the dose and duration of use, and the beneficial and detrimental effects of MT on athletic performance.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00528
Ji-Young Kong, Inhwan Lee
PURPOSE: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and dysmobility syndrome (DMS) in community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 390 older adults (80.7% female) with a mean (±SD) age of 74.8±5.5 years. Based on high body fat level, osteoporosis, low muscle mass, slow gait speed, low grip strength, and fall(s), participants were classified as robust, pre-DMS, or DMS. Based on serum vitamin D levels, subjects were classified as high 33%, middle 33%, and lower 33%, and/or ≥20 ng/mL and <20 ng/mL, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine odds ratios (OR) for serum vitamin D levels in DMS.RESULTS: There were linear increases in DMS variables such as high body fat (p = .040), slow gait speed (p = .048), fall(s) (p = .005), and prevalence of DMS (p = .001) across decremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the high vitamin D group (as reference), the low 33% group exhibited a higher OR for DMS (OR 2.776, p = .02). Similarly, compared with the vitamin D ≥20 ng/mL group (as reference), the <20 ng/mL group had a higher OR for DMS (OR 2.486, p = .002).CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study suggest higher serum vitamin D levels through promoting outdoor physical activity and a healthy diet are key components protecting older adults against DMS.
目的：研究社区老年人血清维生素 D 水平与活动障碍综合征（DMS）之间的关系。方法：本横断面研究共纳入 390 名老年人（80.7% 为女性），平均（±SD）年龄为 74.8±5.5 岁。根据体脂水平高、骨质疏松症、肌肉量低、步速慢、握力低和跌倒情况，参与者被分为健壮型、DMS前期或DMS型。根据血清维生素 D 水平，受试者被分为高 33%、中 33%、低 33%，和/或分别≥20 纳克/毫升和 <20 纳克/毫升。结果：随着血清维生素 D 水平的降低，DMS 变量如体脂高（p = .040）、步态速度慢（p = .048）、跌倒（p = .005）和 DMS 患病率（p = .001）均呈线性增加。与高维生素 D 组（作为参照）相比，低 33% 组的 DMS OR 值更高（OR 值为 2.776，p = .02）。同样，与维生素 D≥20 纳克/毫升组（参考值）相比，＜20 纳克/毫升组的 DMS OR 值更高（OR 值为 2.486，P = .002）：本研究结果表明，通过促进户外体育活动和健康饮食来提高血清维生素 D 水平是保护老年人免受 DMS 影响的关键因素。
{"title":"Association Between Dysmobility Syndrome with Serum Vitamin D in Community-Dwelling Older Adults","authors":"Ji-Young Kong, Inhwan Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00528","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and dysmobility syndrome (DMS) in community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 390 older adults (80.7% female) with a mean (±SD) age of 74.8±5.5 years. Based on high body fat level, osteoporosis, low muscle mass, slow gait speed, low grip strength, and fall(s), participants were classified as robust, pre-DMS, or DMS. Based on serum vitamin D levels, subjects were classified as high 33%, middle 33%, and lower 33%, and/or ≥20 ng/mL and <20 ng/mL, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine odds ratios (OR) for serum vitamin D levels in DMS.RESULTS: There were linear increases in DMS variables such as high body fat (p = .040), slow gait speed (p = .048), fall(s) (p = .005), and prevalence of DMS (p = .001) across decremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the high vitamin D group (as reference), the low 33% group exhibited a higher OR for DMS (OR 2.776, p = .02). Similarly, compared with the vitamin D ≥20 ng/mL group (as reference), the <20 ng/mL group had a higher OR for DMS (OR 2.486, p = .002).CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study suggest higher serum vitamin D levels through promoting outdoor physical activity and a healthy diet are key components protecting older adults against DMS.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"286 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00535
Chen Nan, Chang Gyeong Kim
PURPOSE: Physical activity confers benefits by mitigating the adverse physical and mental effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, during a public health crisis, in which group-based physical activity is restricted, participation in such activities may be influenced not only by social distancing policies, but also by individual and environmental factors. As such, this study adopted a socio-ecological perspective to explore the impact of multidimensional factors on physical activity across diverse regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) were used. A total of 8148 respondents from 12 provinces and metropolitan cities were pooled. Two types of physical activity (walking and moderate-to-vigorous exercise) were included in the statistical tests. A three-step hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the incremental predictive power of factors related to intrapersonal, interpersonal and community resources for physical activity.RESULTS: Findings highlighted the significance of intrapersonal (e.g., age, sex, socio-economic status, health status, and household registration area), interpersonal (e.g., neighborhood help and friendship), and community (e.g., exercise facility, fresh food accessibility, public facility, and residential safety) resources. These factors were significantly associated with Chinese adults’ participation in physical activity across various regions.CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study provide an initial validation of the socio-ecological approach to studying physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that strategies aimed at promoting the benefits of exercise should include multiple factors that influence the likelihood of Chinese adults engaging in physical activity.
{"title":"Regional Differences in the Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity Among Chinese Adults: A Social-Ecological Perspective","authors":"Chen Nan, Chang Gyeong Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00535","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Physical activity confers benefits by mitigating the adverse physical and mental effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, during a public health crisis, in which group-based physical activity is restricted, participation in such activities may be influenced not only by social distancing policies, but also by individual and environmental factors. As such, this study adopted a socio-ecological perspective to explore the impact of multidimensional factors on physical activity across diverse regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) were used. A total of 8148 respondents from 12 provinces and metropolitan cities were pooled. Two types of physical activity (walking and moderate-to-vigorous exercise) were included in the statistical tests. A three-step hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the incremental predictive power of factors related to intrapersonal, interpersonal and community resources for physical activity.RESULTS: Findings highlighted the significance of intrapersonal (e.g., age, sex, socio-economic status, health status, and household registration area), interpersonal (e.g., neighborhood help and friendship), and community (e.g., exercise facility, fresh food accessibility, public facility, and residential safety) resources. These factors were significantly associated with Chinese adults’ participation in physical activity across various regions.CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study provide an initial validation of the socio-ecological approach to studying physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that strategies aimed at promoting the benefits of exercise should include multiple factors that influence the likelihood of Chinese adults engaging in physical activity.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"152 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00409
Jeongwon Lee, Jae-Hon Lee, Min-Seong Ha
PURPOSE: The first purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Post-Stroke Respiratory Sarcopenia (PSRS) and Cognitive Impairment (CI) through Breathing Exercise (BE) as a respiratory rehabilitation after stroke (ST). The second purpose is to introduce a pilot study design set to investigate and compare the acute effects of each BE to develop a BE protocol for further studies.METHODS: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify the definition and mechanism of ST, CI and respiratory sarcopenia (RS), and to find cases of application of BE in such conditions.RESULTS: Review; BEs that improve ST, RS, and CI symptoms are Box Breathing (Tactical Breathing), Fast-Breathing, Slow-paced Breathing, Inspiratory Diaphragmatic Breathing+Expiratory Pursed-lip Breathing Exercise. However, the effect is still unclear as post-stroke patients undergo multiple medical treatments other than BE. Pilot Study Prospective results; Inspiratory Diaphragmatic Breathing+Expiratory Pursed-lip Breathing Exercise, Slow-paced Breathing, Box Breathing (Tactical Breathing) and Fast-Breathing will be performed by 40 healthy college students through a randomized controlled trial for 4 weeks. Respiratory functions, exercise intensity, active oxygen level, blood lactate level, cerebral oxygen saturation and cognitive function will be measured pre- and post-intervention along with acute and 2 week mid-intervention. BEs are expected to improve respiratory function, cognitive performance and energy levels while reducing HR, BP, and stress. However, individual response to BE may vary according to health, physical fitness and life styles. All BE will be conducted in an evenly controlled and supervised environment for accurate data collection.CONCLUSIONS: Further study will be done to develop an appropriate BE protocol for PSRS patients per this review. Follow-up studies may also use this review as a reference for the application of BEs in PSRS patients with CI.
目的：本研究的第一个目的是通过呼吸运动（BE）作为脑卒中（ST）后呼吸康复的一种方法，研究脑卒中后呼吸肌减少症（PSRS）与认知障碍（CI）之间的关系。方法：使用 Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 等搜索引擎，确定 ST、CI 和呼吸肌疏松症（RS）的定义和机制，并查找在这些情况下应用 BE 的案例。结果：综述显示，能改善 ST、RS 和 CI 症状的 BE 有箱式呼吸（战术呼吸）、快速呼吸、慢节奏呼吸、吸气膈肌呼吸+呼气噘嘴呼吸运动。然而，由于脑卒中后患者除了接受 BE 治疗外，还接受了其他多种治疗，因此效果尚不明确。试点研究前瞻性结果；吸气膈肌呼吸+呼气噘嘴呼吸运动、慢节奏呼吸、箱式呼吸（战术呼吸）和快速呼吸将由 40 名健康大学生通过随机对照试验进行，为期 4 周。将在干预前、干预后、急性期和两周干预中期测量呼吸功能、运动强度、活性氧水平、血乳酸水平、脑氧饱和度和认知功能。预计 BE 可改善呼吸功能、认知能力和能量水平，同时降低心率、血压和压力。不过，个人对 BE 的反应可能因健康状况、体能和生活方式而异。所有 BE 都将在均匀控制和监督的环境中进行，以便准确收集数据：将根据本综述开展进一步研究，为 PSRS 患者制定合适的 BE 方案。后续研究也可将本综述作为在 PSRS CI 患者中应用 BE 的参考。
{"title":"Cognitive Improvement through Breathing Exercises in Post-Stroke Respiratory Sarcopenia: A Review","authors":"Jeongwon Lee, Jae-Hon Lee, Min-Seong Ha","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00409","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The first purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Post-Stroke Respiratory Sarcopenia (PSRS) and Cognitive Impairment (CI) through Breathing Exercise (BE) as a respiratory rehabilitation after stroke (ST). The second purpose is to introduce a pilot study design set to investigate and compare the acute effects of each BE to develop a BE protocol for further studies.METHODS: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify the definition and mechanism of ST, CI and respiratory sarcopenia (RS), and to find cases of application of BE in such conditions.RESULTS: Review; BEs that improve ST, RS, and CI symptoms are Box Breathing (Tactical Breathing), Fast-Breathing, Slow-paced Breathing, Inspiratory Diaphragmatic Breathing+Expiratory Pursed-lip Breathing Exercise. However, the effect is still unclear as post-stroke patients undergo multiple medical treatments other than BE. Pilot Study Prospective results; Inspiratory Diaphragmatic Breathing+Expiratory Pursed-lip Breathing Exercise, Slow-paced Breathing, Box Breathing (Tactical Breathing) and Fast-Breathing will be performed by 40 healthy college students through a randomized controlled trial for 4 weeks. Respiratory functions, exercise intensity, active oxygen level, blood lactate level, cerebral oxygen saturation and cognitive function will be measured pre- and post-intervention along with acute and 2 week mid-intervention. BEs are expected to improve respiratory function, cognitive performance and energy levels while reducing HR, BP, and stress. However, individual response to BE may vary according to health, physical fitness and life styles. All BE will be conducted in an evenly controlled and supervised environment for accurate data collection.CONCLUSIONS: Further study will be done to develop an appropriate BE protocol for PSRS patients per this review. Follow-up studies may also use this review as a reference for the application of BEs in PSRS patients with CI.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00521
Eun-Ah Jo, Shanshan Wu, H. Han, Bo-Hyun Kim, Nam-Beom Kim, Jung-Jun Park
PURPOSE: Exercise can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing contraction-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. However, postprandial exercise does not always have similar effects in all patients. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing glucose response to exercise following oral glucose load.METHODS: We enrolled 169 adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 64) and type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 105). We measured fingertip capillary blood glucose level at 30-minute intervals over 2-hour after the 75-g oral glucose ingestion. In addition, a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was conducted at 30 minutes after 75-g oral glucose ingestion. We also measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β), physical activity level questionnaire and anthropometrics.RESULTS: There was a significant difference in glucose concentration between the IGT and T2D groups (p <.001). Additionally, we found that patients with short diabetes duration (≤1 year) had significantly more decrease in glucose concentration than long diabetes duration (≥10 years) (p <.001). A regression analysis showed that waist circumference, visceral fat area, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR affected glucose response to exercise following oral glucose load in patients with T2D.CONCLUSIONS: Higher volumes of exercise following an oral glucose load may be necessary for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) who have a longer disease duration, larger waist circumference, increased visceral fat area, higher HbA1c levels, and elevated HOMA-IR values in order to prevent hyperglycemia.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Glucose Response to Exercise Following Oral Glucose Load","authors":"Eun-Ah Jo, Shanshan Wu, H. Han, Bo-Hyun Kim, Nam-Beom Kim, Jung-Jun Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00521","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Exercise can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing contraction-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. However, postprandial exercise does not always have similar effects in all patients. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing glucose response to exercise following oral glucose load.METHODS: We enrolled 169 adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 64) and type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 105). We measured fingertip capillary blood glucose level at 30-minute intervals over 2-hour after the 75-g oral glucose ingestion. In addition, a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was conducted at 30 minutes after 75-g oral glucose ingestion. We also measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β), physical activity level questionnaire and anthropometrics.RESULTS: There was a significant difference in glucose concentration between the IGT and T2D groups (p <.001). Additionally, we found that patients with short diabetes duration (≤1 year) had significantly more decrease in glucose concentration than long diabetes duration (≥10 years) (p <.001). A regression analysis showed that waist circumference, visceral fat area, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR affected glucose response to exercise following oral glucose load in patients with T2D.CONCLUSIONS: Higher volumes of exercise following an oral glucose load may be necessary for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) who have a longer disease duration, larger waist circumference, increased visceral fat area, higher HbA1c levels, and elevated HOMA-IR values in order to prevent hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00549
Ying-Ying Xiang, Kyung-Wan Baek, Jong-Hwa Won, Yoonjung Park, Ji-Seok Kim
PURPOSE: This study sought to explore the impact of continuous aerobic exercise throughout life on the expression of ferroptosis-related genes in aging kidneys, elucidating the role of exercise in maintaining kidney health.METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into young control, young exercise, old control, and old exercise groups, with the latter providing access to spontaneous running wheels. Aged mice were observed until 99 weeks, while young mice were followed until 22 weeks. Kidney tissue samples underwent analysis through quantitative polymerase chain reaction, iron assays, histological staining, and pathological damage scoring.RESULTS: Expression of Nphs1 and Nphs2 exhibited no significant changes after exercise. However, histological analysis revealed that age-related kidney damage, including glomerular mesangial proliferation, was notably offset by lifelong aerobic exercise. The expression of Slc7a11 and Gpx4 remained unaffected by exercise, whereas Nfe2l2 expression decreased significantly in the young exercise groups. Acsl4 expression exhibited no aging- or exercise-induced differences. Additionally, Tfrc expression was lower in the young exercise group than in the young control group but remained consistent between the old and old-exercise groups. Total iron (Fe) increased in aged mice compared to that in the young-exercise group, and the Fe2+/Total Fe ratio was lower in the old-exercise than in the old control group.CONCLUSIONS: Lifelong aerobic exercise positively impacted kidney health by enhancing antioxidant capacity and mitigating iron accumulation. These findings underscore the significance of exercise in preventing age-related deterioration in kidney function.
{"title":"Effects of Lifelong Aerobic Exercise on Ferroptosis-Related Gene Expressions in Kidney of Aged Mice","authors":"Ying-Ying Xiang, Kyung-Wan Baek, Jong-Hwa Won, Yoonjung Park, Ji-Seok Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00549","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study sought to explore the impact of continuous aerobic exercise throughout life on the expression of ferroptosis-related genes in aging kidneys, elucidating the role of exercise in maintaining kidney health.METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into young control, young exercise, old control, and old exercise groups, with the latter providing access to spontaneous running wheels. Aged mice were observed until 99 weeks, while young mice were followed until 22 weeks. Kidney tissue samples underwent analysis through quantitative polymerase chain reaction, iron assays, histological staining, and pathological damage scoring.RESULTS: Expression of Nphs1 and Nphs2 exhibited no significant changes after exercise. However, histological analysis revealed that age-related kidney damage, including glomerular mesangial proliferation, was notably offset by lifelong aerobic exercise. The expression of Slc7a11 and Gpx4 remained unaffected by exercise, whereas Nfe2l2 expression decreased significantly in the young exercise groups. Acsl4 expression exhibited no aging- or exercise-induced differences. Additionally, Tfrc expression was lower in the young exercise group than in the young control group but remained consistent between the old and old-exercise groups. Total iron (Fe) increased in aged mice compared to that in the young-exercise group, and the Fe2+/Total Fe ratio was lower in the old-exercise than in the old control group.CONCLUSIONS: Lifelong aerobic exercise positively impacted kidney health by enhancing antioxidant capacity and mitigating iron accumulation. These findings underscore the significance of exercise in preventing age-related deterioration in kidney function.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"58 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00486
Jun-Won Heo, Eun-Jeong Cho, Youngju Choi, D. Seo, Jin Han, Dong-Ho Park, J. Kang, H. Kwak
PURPOSE: With the widespread of mitochondrial function, the need to accurately quantify and comprehend mitochondrial O2 respiration has gained prominence within the physiological and pathological spheres. Various in situ, in vitro, and in vivo approaches have been available to investigate numerous aspects of mitochondrial O2 consumption. This review aims to provide a specific method for researchers to consider in examining mitochondrial O2 respiration using permeabilized or homogenized tissues. These techniques allow direct access to mitochondrial O2 respiration, facilitating an exploration of mitochondrial bioenergetics under well-defined substrate conditions.METHODS: Here, we present a method for measuring mitochondrial O2 consumption in permeabilized or homogenized tissues using high-resolution respirometry (Oroboros Oxygraph-2K, Oroboros Instrument).RESULTS: A high-resolution respirometry provides the most direct way to assess mitochondrial O2 respiration with interpretations based on specific modeling approaches.CONCLUSIONS: As many diseases are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ongoing advancements in this methodology may provide researchers with exciting and novel opportunities for finding the potential role of mitochondria in the etiology and treatment of various diseases.
{"title":"How to Measure Mitochondrial Oxygen Respiration","authors":"Jun-Won Heo, Eun-Jeong Cho, Youngju Choi, D. Seo, Jin Han, Dong-Ho Park, J. Kang, H. Kwak","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00486","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: With the widespread of mitochondrial function, the need to accurately quantify and comprehend mitochondrial O2 respiration has gained prominence within the physiological and pathological spheres. Various in situ, in vitro, and in vivo approaches have been available to investigate numerous aspects of mitochondrial O2 consumption. This review aims to provide a specific method for researchers to consider in examining mitochondrial O2 respiration using permeabilized or homogenized tissues. These techniques allow direct access to mitochondrial O2 respiration, facilitating an exploration of mitochondrial bioenergetics under well-defined substrate conditions.METHODS: Here, we present a method for measuring mitochondrial O2 consumption in permeabilized or homogenized tissues using high-resolution respirometry (Oroboros Oxygraph-2K, Oroboros Instrument).RESULTS: A high-resolution respirometry provides the most direct way to assess mitochondrial O2 respiration with interpretations based on specific modeling approaches.CONCLUSIONS: As many diseases are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ongoing advancements in this methodology may provide researchers with exciting and novel opportunities for finding the potential role of mitochondria in the etiology and treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"474 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00416
Sang Hun Yim
PURPOSE: This study utilized data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging to investigate the association between grip strength and all-cause mortality rates in adults with disabilities aged ≥ 45 years in Korea.METHODS: The study included 430 adults with disabilities without missing values in the mortality variable and no history of cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, or cardiovascular diseases (mean age 63.2 ± 10.0 years) for analysis. Data from the first to seventh waves were used in the analysis. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and mortality status and date were recorded. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between grip strength and all-cause mortality rates to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), considering potential confounding variables. Finally, a joint association between grip strength, obesity, and all-cause mortality was assessed.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 9.09 ± 3.73 years, 135 adults with disabilities died. After adjusting all possible confounding variables, the HR of the group with the highest grip strength was significantly lower (HR: .36; 95% CI: .20-.65) than that of the group with the lowest grip strength. In the joint analysis, compared to the “weak and non-obese” group, the HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality were .32 (.17-.62) and .27 (.10-.71) in the “strong and non-obese” and “strong and obese” groups, respectively.CONCLUSION: High grip strength in Korean adults with disabilities aged ≥45 years was significantly associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk, independent of obesity. Hence, grip strength may be a simple indicator of mortality risk; however, additional research using large-scale survey data is required.
{"title":"Association of Grip Strength with All-Cause Mortality among Korean Adults with Disabilities","authors":"Sang Hun Yim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00416","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study utilized data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging to investigate the association between grip strength and all-cause mortality rates in adults with disabilities aged ≥ 45 years in Korea.METHODS: The study included 430 adults with disabilities without missing values in the mortality variable and no history of cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, or cardiovascular diseases (mean age 63.2 ± 10.0 years) for analysis. Data from the first to seventh waves were used in the analysis. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and mortality status and date were recorded. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between grip strength and all-cause mortality rates to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), considering potential confounding variables. Finally, a joint association between grip strength, obesity, and all-cause mortality was assessed.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 9.09 ± 3.73 years, 135 adults with disabilities died. After adjusting all possible confounding variables, the HR of the group with the highest grip strength was significantly lower (HR: .36; 95% CI: .20-.65) than that of the group with the lowest grip strength. In the joint analysis, compared to the “weak and non-obese” group, the HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality were .32 (.17-.62) and .27 (.10-.71) in the “strong and non-obese” and “strong and obese” groups, respectively.CONCLUSION: High grip strength in Korean adults with disabilities aged ≥45 years was significantly associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk, independent of obesity. Hence, grip strength may be a simple indicator of mortality risk; however, additional research using large-scale survey data is required.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00465
Kwang-Kyu Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to observe whether applying jogging, WBV, and PWU as warm-up exercises positively affected the neurophysiological responses and physical fitness measurements in elite indoor and winter sports athletes.METHODS: Elite bobsleigh (n = 4, height; 180.2±2.93, weight; 93.5±2.41) and squash (n = 5, height; 177.8±2.86, weight; 77.8±4.21) athletes were recruited. To verify the effect of the treatment, the whole body vibration (WBV), plyometric (PWU), and jogging treatment were performed for 10 minutes each week. Lactic acid, nerve conduction velocity (pre, post, 3 minutes, 5 minutes), and isokinetic test of three velocity (60, 180, 240°/sec) were measured.RESULTS: There were significant differences between control, WBV, and PWU in lactic acid after the 3 min test (χ2 = 9.036, p = .021), and WBV and PWU showed higher lactic acid than control. Nerve conduction velocity was different between control and PWU after the 3 min test (χ2 = 8.242, p = .041), and PWU showed faster conduction velocity than control. Isokinetic strength was found to be different between control and PWU (χ2 = 8.799, p = .032), and PWU showed higher average power than control.CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that plyometric is a suitable warm-up exercise that can be easily applied according to harsh space and weather changes. Additionally, the test should be conducted in more sports.
{"title":"Effect of Warm-Up in Limited Area on Lactic Acid, Isokinetic Strength, and Nerve Conduction Velocity in Elite Athletes","authors":"Kwang-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00465","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to observe whether applying jogging, WBV, and PWU as warm-up exercises positively affected the neurophysiological responses and physical fitness measurements in elite indoor and winter sports athletes.METHODS: Elite bobsleigh (n = 4, height; 180.2±2.93, weight; 93.5±2.41) and squash (n = 5, height; 177.8±2.86, weight; 77.8±4.21) athletes were recruited. To verify the effect of the treatment, the whole body vibration (WBV), plyometric (PWU), and jogging treatment were performed for 10 minutes each week. Lactic acid, nerve conduction velocity (pre, post, 3 minutes, 5 minutes), and isokinetic test of three velocity (60, 180, 240°/sec) were measured.RESULTS: There were significant differences between control, WBV, and PWU in lactic acid after the 3 min test (χ2 = 9.036, p = .021), and WBV and PWU showed higher lactic acid than control. Nerve conduction velocity was different between control and PWU after the 3 min test (χ2 = 8.242, p = .041), and PWU showed faster conduction velocity than control. Isokinetic strength was found to be different between control and PWU (χ2 = 8.799, p = .032), and PWU showed higher average power than control.CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that plyometric is a suitable warm-up exercise that can be easily applied according to harsh space and weather changes. Additionally, the test should be conducted in more sports.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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