Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.111
S. Park, Jin-Su Kim, Seungho Lee, Ruda Lee, Eui-Young Lee, Moon-Hyon Hwang
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate differences in cardiovascular and autonomic nerve function among physical activity levels and associations between physical activity level and cardiovascular and autonomic nerve function.METHODS: Sixty-six healthy young adults voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity levels were assessed using triaxial accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness were measured using the Sphygomo-Cor Xcel system. Autonomic nerve function was assessed by heart rate variability.RESULTS: The highest tertile group of the total quantity of physical activity had higher lnRMSSD than did the lowest tertile group (p=0.047). The augmentation index adjusted for heart rate at 75 beats per min (AIx@75) was lower in the highest tertile group of vigorous-intensity physical activity than in the lowest tertile group (p=0.012). Moreover, AIx@75 was negatively associated with vigorousintensity physical activity (r=-0.27, p=0.028).CONCLUSIONS: High levels of physical activity contribute to the dominance of parasympathetic nerve activity at rest. Increased engagement in vigorous-intensity physical activity can help reduce arterial pulse wave reflection, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, even in healthy young adults.
{"title":"Influence of Physical Activity Level on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Nerve Function","authors":"S. Park, Jin-Su Kim, Seungho Lee, Ruda Lee, Eui-Young Lee, Moon-Hyon Hwang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.111","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate differences in cardiovascular and autonomic nerve function among physical activity levels and associations between physical activity level and cardiovascular and autonomic nerve function.METHODS: Sixty-six healthy young adults voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity levels were assessed using triaxial accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness were measured using the Sphygomo-Cor Xcel system. Autonomic nerve function was assessed by heart rate variability.RESULTS: The highest tertile group of the total quantity of physical activity had higher lnRMSSD than did the lowest tertile group (p=0.047). The augmentation index adjusted for heart rate at 75 beats per min (AIx@75) was lower in the highest tertile group of vigorous-intensity physical activity than in the lowest tertile group (p=0.012). Moreover, AIx@75 was negatively associated with vigorousintensity physical activity (r=-0.27, p=0.028).CONCLUSIONS: High levels of physical activity contribute to the dominance of parasympathetic nerve activity at rest. Increased engagement in vigorous-intensity physical activity can help reduce arterial pulse wave reflection, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, even in healthy young adults.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44137707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.11
Kyeongho Byun
PURPOSE: There is growing attention on a neuroimaging method called near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which enables the monitoring of task-related regional hemodynamic responses in the brain. The basic principles and appropriate experimental conditions should be explained to eliminate potent contaminations caused by exercise itself and to summarize well-organized recent studies focusing on the interaction between exercise and cognition before applying this noninvasive neuroimaging method to various studies in the field of Exercise Science.METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed to obtain recent studies examining the effects of exercise (or physical activity) on the executive functions localized in the prefrontal cortex by adopting the NIRS system.RESULTS: NIRS system enables exercise scientists to measure regional brain activity to investigate the effects of exercise on cognition and its neural substrates. Numerous studies have revealed that higher physical activity (or fitness) levels are related to better performance with increased prefrontal cortical activation during a task. Moreover, several longitudinal exercise intervention studies have demonstrated improved executive performance without increased task-related brain activation, particularly among older adults.CONCLUSIONS: NIRS neuroimaging studies support the notion that exercise has beneficial effects on executive function, with exerciseelicited functional changes in the prefrontal cortex.
目的:人们越来越关注一种被称为近红外光谱(NIRS)的神经成像方法，它可以监测大脑中与任务相关的区域血流动力学反应。在将这种无创神经成像方法应用于运动科学领域的各种研究之前，应该解释基本原理和适当的实验条件，以消除运动本身造成的严重污染，并总结最近组织良好的研究，重点关注运动与认知之间的相互作用。方法:通过对PubMed、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar的综合检索，获得了采用近红外光谱(NIRS)系统检查运动(或体育活动)对前额叶皮层执行功能影响的最新研究。结果:近红外光谱系统使运动科学家能够测量大脑区域活动，以研究运动对认知及其神经基质的影响。大量研究表明，较高的体力活动(或健康)水平与任务中前额皮质激活增加的更好表现有关。此外，几项纵向运动干预研究表明，在没有增加与任务相关的大脑活动的情况下，执行能力得到改善，尤其是在老年人中。结论:近红外成像研究支持运动对执行功能有有益影响的观点，运动引起了前额叶皮层的功能改变。
{"title":"Application of a NIRS Neuroimaging Method to Elucidate Neural Mechanisms of Exercise-cognition Interaction","authors":"Kyeongho Byun","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: There is growing attention on a neuroimaging method called near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which enables the monitoring of task-related regional hemodynamic responses in the brain. The basic principles and appropriate experimental conditions should be explained to eliminate potent contaminations caused by exercise itself and to summarize well-organized recent studies focusing on the interaction between exercise and cognition before applying this noninvasive neuroimaging method to various studies in the field of Exercise Science.METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed to obtain recent studies examining the effects of exercise (or physical activity) on the executive functions localized in the prefrontal cortex by adopting the NIRS system.RESULTS: NIRS system enables exercise scientists to measure regional brain activity to investigate the effects of exercise on cognition and its neural substrates. Numerous studies have revealed that higher physical activity (or fitness) levels are related to better performance with increased prefrontal cortical activation during a task. Moreover, several longitudinal exercise intervention studies have demonstrated improved executive performance without increased task-related brain activation, particularly among older adults.CONCLUSIONS: NIRS neuroimaging studies support the notion that exercise has beneficial effects on executive function, with exerciseelicited functional changes in the prefrontal cortex.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45817904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.83
Y. Kim, Taegyu Kim, Eunkuk Kim, Jong-Chul Park, Hokyung Choi
PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the differences in shoulder range of motion (ROM) and dynamic stability in the upper extremities depending on the players’ ages and frequency of sports injuries in the shoulder joint.METHODS: A total of 519 volleyball players enrolled in the Korea Volleyball Association and Korean Volleyball Federation participated in this study. All participants answered questions about their experiences of sports-related shoulder injuries and were then categorized into shoulder-injured and non-injured groups. Shoulder ROM (flexion/extension and internal/external rotation) and upper quarter Y-balance (YBT-UQ) were tested by trained examiners. The YBT-UQ was normalized to the arm length (%AL) of the players.RESULTS: Among elementary and middle school players, the shoulder-injured group had lower internal rotation than the non-injured group. In addition, elementary school players with a history of shoulder injuries performed worse in the YBT-UQ test. Regardless of their history of shoulder injury, older patients tended to have decreased shoulder flexion and extension. In the injured group, younger players had lower internal rotation of the shoulder.CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that player age should be considered for rehabilitation to prevent shoulder sports-related injuries in volleyball players.
{"title":"The Differences of Shoulder Range of Motion and Dynamic Stability in Upper Extremity Depending on Ages and Experiences of Shoulder Injuries among Volleyball Players","authors":"Y. Kim, Taegyu Kim, Eunkuk Kim, Jong-Chul Park, Hokyung Choi","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.32.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the differences in shoulder range of motion (ROM) and dynamic stability in the upper extremities depending on the players’ ages and frequency of sports injuries in the shoulder joint.METHODS: A total of 519 volleyball players enrolled in the Korea Volleyball Association and Korean Volleyball Federation participated in this study. All participants answered questions about their experiences of sports-related shoulder injuries and were then categorized into shoulder-injured and non-injured groups. Shoulder ROM (flexion/extension and internal/external rotation) and upper quarter Y-balance (YBT-UQ) were tested by trained examiners. The YBT-UQ was normalized to the arm length (%AL) of the players.RESULTS: Among elementary and middle school players, the shoulder-injured group had lower internal rotation than the non-injured group. In addition, elementary school players with a history of shoulder injuries performed worse in the YBT-UQ test. Regardless of their history of shoulder injury, older patients tended to have decreased shoulder flexion and extension. In the injured group, younger players had lower internal rotation of the shoulder.CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that player age should be considered for rehabilitation to prevent shoulder sports-related injuries in volleyball players.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43953705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00563
Ji-Eun Lee, Hovey Lee
are classified into single-domain and multiple-domain (Fig. 1). The cognitive domains of memory and recall show a marked decline in aMCI, whereas the decline in other cognitive domains appears to be relatively close to normal or to a slight level. The majority of MCIs are amnestic MCI, which is a precursor to Alzheimer ’ s. In addition, while naMCI has a relatively normal memory, its language, executive
{"title":"Exercise Convergence Science for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Ji-Eun Lee, Hovey Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00563","url":null,"abstract":"are classified into single-domain and multiple-domain (Fig. 1). The cognitive domains of memory and recall show a marked decline in aMCI, whereas the decline in other cognitive domains appears to be relatively close to normal or to a slight level. The majority of MCIs are amnestic MCI, which is a precursor to Alzheimer ’ s. In addition, while naMCI has a relatively normal memory, its language, executive","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00402
Ji-Eun Lee, Wan-Jae Lee, Yun-hwan Lee, Ho-Seong Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of weight-bearing exercise on health-related physical fitness and sleep index in pre- and postmenopausal women.METHODS: Twenty middle-aged women were randomly assigned to premenopausal women (PRW; n=11) and postmenopausal women (POW; n=9) groups. All subjects engaged in weight-bearing exercises for 50 minute twice a week for 8 weeks. All participants underwent weight, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass (MM), body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, bench press (BP), leg press (LP), 3-minute step test (3 MST), sit and reach test (SRT), air squat (AS), push up (PU), curl up (CU), grip strength (GS), and the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI) measurements before and 4 and 8 weeks after the weight-bearing exercise program.RESULTS: AS and PU improved significantly in the PRW versus POW group (p<.05). BP, LP, 3MST, SRT, AS, PU, CU, GS, and K-PSQI improved significantly in the PRW and POW groups (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Weight-bearing exercise improved health-related fitness and sleep indicators in pre- and postmenopausal women. In particular, weight-bearing exercises more effectively improved the muscle endurance of pre- versus postmenopausal women. This significant finding suggests that the fitness level and sleep quality of premenopausal women may benefit from regular weight-bearing exercise.
{"title":"Effects of Weight-Bearing Exercise on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Sleep Indicators in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women","authors":"Ji-Eun Lee, Wan-Jae Lee, Yun-hwan Lee, Ho-Seong Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00402","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of weight-bearing exercise on health-related physical fitness and sleep index in pre- and postmenopausal women.METHODS: Twenty middle-aged women were randomly assigned to premenopausal women (PRW; n=11) and postmenopausal women (POW; n=9) groups. All subjects engaged in weight-bearing exercises for 50 minute twice a week for 8 weeks. All participants underwent weight, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass (MM), body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, bench press (BP), leg press (LP), 3-minute step test (3 MST), sit and reach test (SRT), air squat (AS), push up (PU), curl up (CU), grip strength (GS), and the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI) measurements before and 4 and 8 weeks after the weight-bearing exercise program.RESULTS: AS and PU improved significantly in the PRW versus POW group (p<.05). BP, LP, 3MST, SRT, AS, PU, CU, GS, and K-PSQI improved significantly in the PRW and POW groups (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Weight-bearing exercise improved health-related fitness and sleep indicators in pre- and postmenopausal women. In particular, weight-bearing exercises more effectively improved the muscle endurance of pre- versus postmenopausal women. This significant finding suggests that the fitness level and sleep quality of premenopausal women may benefit from regular weight-bearing exercise.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00521
Ja-Gyeong Yang, Gwonmin Kim, S. Bae, Hyuntae Park
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the nonlinear relationship between physical function and body composition in older women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and low muscle mass (LMM). Early prediction of sarcopenic MCI is important; however, it remains unclear whether improvements in physical function and cell health promote low rates of sarcopenic MCI in community settings.METHODS: A total of 120 older women were enrolled, and subsequently stratified into the LMM group (n=90) and MCI with LMM group (n=30). MCI was evaluated by a clinician based on global cognitive function and clinical findings.RESULTS: The results of hand grip strength (HGS), short-physical performance battery (SPPB), and 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) were found to be linearly associated with the risk of MCI. This result indicates that endurance capacity in the LMM with MCI group had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.69 (95% CI: 1.11–12.18). The nonlinearity of physical function on the risk of MCI was analyzed using the generalized additive models (GAM).CONCLUSIONS: Physical function and body composition is significantly associated with LMM and MCI risk in aging adults. It is expected that the evaluation and improvement of kinematic indicators, such as HGS, SPPB, endurance, and PhA, could contribute to the prediction and prevention of MCI.
{"title":"Nonlinear Association between Physical Function and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Women with Low Muscle Mass","authors":"Ja-Gyeong Yang, Gwonmin Kim, S. Bae, Hyuntae Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00521","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the nonlinear relationship between physical function and body composition in older women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and low muscle mass (LMM). Early prediction of sarcopenic MCI is important; however, it remains unclear whether improvements in physical function and cell health promote low rates of sarcopenic MCI in community settings.METHODS: A total of 120 older women were enrolled, and subsequently stratified into the LMM group (n=90) and MCI with LMM group (n=30). MCI was evaluated by a clinician based on global cognitive function and clinical findings.RESULTS: The results of hand grip strength (HGS), short-physical performance battery (SPPB), and 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) were found to be linearly associated with the risk of MCI. This result indicates that endurance capacity in the LMM with MCI group had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.69 (95% CI: 1.11–12.18). The nonlinearity of physical function on the risk of MCI was analyzed using the generalized additive models (GAM).CONCLUSIONS: Physical function and body composition is significantly associated with LMM and MCI risk in aging adults. It is expected that the evaluation and improvement of kinematic indicators, such as HGS, SPPB, endurance, and PhA, could contribute to the prediction and prevention of MCI.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43540052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00332
Saejong Park, Seunghee Lee, Yonghee Lee, Mihyun Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop age- and sex-specific smoothed percentile curves for fitness items using LMS methods in Koreans aged 13–85 years or older.METHODS: A total of 559,430 individuals aged 13-85 years or older (adolescents: 13-18 years, adults: 19-64 years; older adults: >65 years) participated in the National Fitness Award (NFA) project in 2017, 2018, and 2019 in Korea. In this study, the results of body composition (body fat percent), muscle strength (absolute handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength), and flexibility (sit and reach) tests performed by adolescents, adults, and older adults, were analyzed. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m PACER, VO2max) was performed only by adolescents and adults. Percentile curves of fitness items smoothed by age- and sex-specific variables were calculated for fit using the LMS method.RESULTS: Percentile curves for each age- and sex-specific group were presented for each physical fitness component. Percent body fat in men and women increased from the age of 25 and 30 years, respectively. Flexibility showed a tendency to decrease sharply after the age of 65 and 70 years in men and women, respectively. Muscle strength decreased gradually after 40 years, and sharply after 60 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness tended to decrease from the age of 25 years in men and from 19 years in women.CONCLUSIONS: The NFA project dataset provided the opportunity to establish normative values for fitness items in Korean men and women aged 13-85 years or older. The use of the LMS method enabled factoring age in the analysis. Normative reference values of fitness items can be used to interpret individuals’ fitness levels during the everyday practice of fitness and/or in clinical settings.
{"title":"Normative Reference Values of Physical Fitness Levels in Koreans: Results from the National Fitness Award Project (2017-2019)","authors":"Saejong Park, Seunghee Lee, Yonghee Lee, Mihyun Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00332","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop age- and sex-specific smoothed percentile curves for fitness items using LMS methods in Koreans aged 13–85 years or older.METHODS: A total of 559,430 individuals aged 13-85 years or older (adolescents: 13-18 years, adults: 19-64 years; older adults: >65 years) participated in the National Fitness Award (NFA) project in 2017, 2018, and 2019 in Korea. In this study, the results of body composition (body fat percent), muscle strength (absolute handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength), and flexibility (sit and reach) tests performed by adolescents, adults, and older adults, were analyzed. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m PACER, VO2max) was performed only by adolescents and adults. Percentile curves of fitness items smoothed by age- and sex-specific variables were calculated for fit using the LMS method.RESULTS: Percentile curves for each age- and sex-specific group were presented for each physical fitness component. Percent body fat in men and women increased from the age of 25 and 30 years, respectively. Flexibility showed a tendency to decrease sharply after the age of 65 and 70 years in men and women, respectively. Muscle strength decreased gradually after 40 years, and sharply after 60 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness tended to decrease from the age of 25 years in men and from 19 years in women.CONCLUSIONS: The NFA project dataset provided the opportunity to establish normative values for fitness items in Korean men and women aged 13-85 years or older. The use of the LMS method enabled factoring age in the analysis. Normative reference values of fitness items can be used to interpret individuals’ fitness levels during the everyday practice of fitness and/or in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46054380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00409
Nang-Kyu Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Bo-Hyeon Park, E. Choi
PURPOSE: Atopic skin disease is an inflammatory disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis that presents as itchy, dry skin. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an essential role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of EGF on atopic diseases.METHODS: Atopic disease was induced by the Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite extract and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into the following five atopic disease induction and treatment groups: control, atopic disease only, atopic disease+epidermal growth factor-1, atopic disease+epidermal growth factor-10, and positive control atopic disease+ceramide. We examined dermal and epidermal ear thickness, mast cell and T cell infiltration, serum immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G2a levels, and mRNA expression of pathogenic cytokines in murine ear tissue and human keratinocyte cells.RESULTS: Epidermal growth factor treatment increased epidermal and dermal ear thickness and inhibited mast and T cell infiltration in the ear in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment also suppressed immunoglobulin E and G2a levels and the mRNA expression of pathogenic cytokines in murine ear tissue and human keratinocytes. The therapeutic outcome of epidermal growth factor was stronger than that of the positive control ceramide.CONCLUSIONS: EGF may be beneficial in the treatment of atopic disease. Key words: Epidermal growth factor, Atopic disease, Keratinocyte cells, Cytokine
{"title":"Human Epidermal Growth Factor Improves Atopic Disease-like Skin Lesions in DFE/DNCB Induced BALB/c Mice and Human Keratinocytes","authors":"Nang-Kyu Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Bo-Hyeon Park, E. Choi","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00409","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Atopic skin disease is an inflammatory disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis that presents as itchy, dry skin. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an essential role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of EGF on atopic diseases.METHODS: Atopic disease was induced by the Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite extract and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into the following five atopic disease induction and treatment groups: control, atopic disease only, atopic disease+epidermal growth factor-1, atopic disease+epidermal growth factor-10, and positive control atopic disease+ceramide. We examined dermal and epidermal ear thickness, mast cell and T cell infiltration, serum immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G2a levels, and mRNA expression of pathogenic cytokines in murine ear tissue and human keratinocyte cells.RESULTS: Epidermal growth factor treatment increased epidermal and dermal ear thickness and inhibited mast and T cell infiltration in the ear in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment also suppressed immunoglobulin E and G2a levels and the mRNA expression of pathogenic cytokines in murine ear tissue and human keratinocytes. The therapeutic outcome of epidermal growth factor was stronger than that of the positive control ceramide.CONCLUSIONS: EGF may be beneficial in the treatment of atopic disease. Key words: Epidermal growth factor, Atopic disease, Keratinocyte cells, Cytokine","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48654236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00472
Youngyun Jin, Taewan Kim, Hyunsik Kang
PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the independent and combined association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels with cognitive decline risk in older Korean adults.METHODS: This study included 509 community-dwelling older adults aged 60–89 years (81.7% women). CRF was assessed using the safe and easily administered submaximal exercise 6-min walking test (6MWT) on an outdoor track. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Korean version of the MMSE for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cognitive impairment according to MetS- and CRF-based subgroups.RESULTS: Compared to subjects with no MetS/normal CRF (OR, 1), the risk of cognitive impairment was significantly higher among subjects with MetS/normal CRF (OR, 1.747; 95% CI, 1.044-2.923; p=.043) or no MetS/low CRF (OR, 2.246; 95% CI, 1.146–4.402; p=.018). The OR increased to 3.066 (95% CI, 1.711–5.492; p<.001) for those with both MetS and low CRF.CONCLUSIONS: The early identification and treatment of individuals with MetS or low CRF may significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Furthermore, promoting physical activity may play an important role in preventing MetS and improving CRF among older adults.
{"title":"Relationships of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Cognitive Impairment in older adults","authors":"Youngyun Jin, Taewan Kim, Hyunsik Kang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00472","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the independent and combined association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels with cognitive decline risk in older Korean adults.METHODS: This study included 509 community-dwelling older adults aged 60–89 years (81.7% women). CRF was assessed using the safe and easily administered submaximal exercise 6-min walking test (6MWT) on an outdoor track. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Korean version of the MMSE for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cognitive impairment according to MetS- and CRF-based subgroups.RESULTS: Compared to subjects with no MetS/normal CRF (OR, 1), the risk of cognitive impairment was significantly higher among subjects with MetS/normal CRF (OR, 1.747; 95% CI, 1.044-2.923; p=.043) or no MetS/low CRF (OR, 2.246; 95% CI, 1.146–4.402; p=.018). The OR increased to 3.066 (95% CI, 1.711–5.492; p<.001) for those with both MetS and low CRF.CONCLUSIONS: The early identification and treatment of individuals with MetS or low CRF may significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Furthermore, promoting physical activity may play an important role in preventing MetS and improving CRF among older adults.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47515616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00507
Jeeyoung Hong, Haeryun Kim, H. Kong
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to quantitatively evaluate the exercise instructor’s teaching ability and to verify its validity and reliability.METHODS: The participants were 331 students enrolled in the college of physical education. The survey was conducted using Google Forms. The questionnaire contained 36 questions, comprising seven questions on professionalism; eight on emotional communication ability; nine on fidelity; and, twelve on safety. A 5-point Likert scale was used. Factor analysis was performed, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for the validity and reliability analyses of the research tool; additionally, correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. All data were analyzed using the STATA 17.0 statistical program.RESULTS: In the exercise instructor for older people evaluation questionnaire developed in this study, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.8 (0.88-0.93) for all factors, demonstrating its validity for factors including professionalism, emotional communication ability, fidelity, and safety. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.9031, indicating high reliability. A strong correlation exists between factors, and through regression analysis, age (.1874, p=.027), professionalism (.8049, p=.000), fidelity (.6009, p=.000). The adequacy of the evaluation questionnaire (1.8606, p=.000) had a statistically significant effect on safety.CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire can be used as a tool to improve the quality of the exercise instructors for older people and serve to recognize the appropriate instructional methods for prospective exercise instructors for older people.
{"title":"Development of a Scale for Quantitative Evaluation of Exercise Instructors for Older People","authors":"Jeeyoung Hong, Haeryun Kim, H. Kong","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00507","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to quantitatively evaluate the exercise instructor’s teaching ability and to verify its validity and reliability.METHODS: The participants were 331 students enrolled in the college of physical education. The survey was conducted using Google Forms. The questionnaire contained 36 questions, comprising seven questions on professionalism; eight on emotional communication ability; nine on fidelity; and, twelve on safety. A 5-point Likert scale was used. Factor analysis was performed, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for the validity and reliability analyses of the research tool; additionally, correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. All data were analyzed using the STATA 17.0 statistical program.RESULTS: In the exercise instructor for older people evaluation questionnaire developed in this study, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.8 (0.88-0.93) for all factors, demonstrating its validity for factors including professionalism, emotional communication ability, fidelity, and safety. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.9031, indicating high reliability. A strong correlation exists between factors, and through regression analysis, age (.1874, p=.027), professionalism (.8049, p=.000), fidelity (.6009, p=.000). The adequacy of the evaluation questionnaire (1.8606, p=.000) had a statistically significant effect on safety.CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire can be used as a tool to improve the quality of the exercise instructors for older people and serve to recognize the appropriate instructional methods for prospective exercise instructors for older people.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46807831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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