Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00122
Kitae Kim, Youngsook Kim, Donggyu Baek, Jaebum Park, Junkyung Song
PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of anticipatory control strategies on stable upright posture and consistency in archery performance among skilled elite archers.METHODS: Nine skilled archery players participated in this study and performed repeated shooting trials under two different shooting conditions: clicker and non-clicker. In the clicker condition, archers shot in response to clicker signals, whereas in the non-clicker condition, they used an anticipatory strategy to determine shooting time in a self-paced manner without using the clicker. A motion capture system with six infrared cameras was used to measure the coordinates of the bow and archers’ hands, which were then used to calculate the aiming precision index and draw-related variables. Electromyography of the lower leg muscles and the center of pressure (COP) were also analyzed for a short period immediately before release to determine the differences in anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) between the two shooting conditions.RESULTS: The non-clicker condition resulted in a relatively short drawing duration and better precision index. The COP speed rapidly increased immediately before the release (i.e., APAs), and the rate of increase was lower in the non-clicker condition than in the clicker shooting condition. Furthermore, smaller APAs were significantly correlated with better-aiming precision in the non-clicker condition.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that using an anticipatory strategy rather than reacting to a clicker can improve archery performance consistency by reducing APA and ensuring a stable shooting posture. This strategy can be used in archery training to predict clicker signals during the aim-release stage.
{"title":"Effect of Anticipatory Shooting Strategy on Performance Consistency in Skilled Elite Archer","authors":"Kitae Kim, Youngsook Kim, Donggyu Baek, Jaebum Park, Junkyung Song","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00122","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of anticipatory control strategies on stable upright posture and consistency in archery performance among skilled elite archers.METHODS: Nine skilled archery players participated in this study and performed repeated shooting trials under two different shooting conditions: clicker and non-clicker. In the clicker condition, archers shot in response to clicker signals, whereas in the non-clicker condition, they used an anticipatory strategy to determine shooting time in a self-paced manner without using the clicker. A motion capture system with six infrared cameras was used to measure the coordinates of the bow and archers’ hands, which were then used to calculate the aiming precision index and draw-related variables. Electromyography of the lower leg muscles and the center of pressure (COP) were also analyzed for a short period immediately before release to determine the differences in anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) between the two shooting conditions.RESULTS: The non-clicker condition resulted in a relatively short drawing duration and better precision index. The COP speed rapidly increased immediately before the release (i.e., APAs), and the rate of increase was lower in the non-clicker condition than in the clicker shooting condition. Furthermore, smaller APAs were significantly correlated with better-aiming precision in the non-clicker condition.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that using an anticipatory strategy rather than reacting to a clicker can improve archery performance consistency by reducing APA and ensuring a stable shooting posture. This strategy can be used in archery training to predict clicker signals during the aim-release stage.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00584
Denise Soares, Joana Lourenço, A. Silva, Fábio Flôres
PURPOSE: Shot-put is a complex ballistic movement that involves segments’ translational and rotational motions. Its goal is to release the shot at maximum forward velocity (strength) at an angle of approximately 40º (rotation). Considering the adapted shot-put, those two components could be more limited in action. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the correlations among the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the bench press (BP1RM) and trunk rotation (TR1RM) and the throwing distance of the adapted shotput and body composition (Fat mass and Fat-free mass [FFM]), and the throwing distance of the adapted shot-put (TD) and 1RM results.METHODS: Eighteen non-professional athletes were evaluated, and their anthropometric data were obtained (bio-impedance measurements). Afterward, the participants performed the BP1RM and TR1RM exercises. Finally, they performed the adapted shot-put in similar conditions as the official competitions, where three trials of ASP were performed, and the best of these trials were assessed.RESULTS: The results showed a significant relationship between the throwing distance and 1RM results for both exercises (BP1RM (p=.040) and TR1RM (p=.002)) and with the amount of FFM (p=.045). Concerning FFM relationships, the results showed a positive relationship with both 1RM exercises (BP1RM (p=.034) and TR1RM (p=.003)). The Fat Mass results demonstrated an inverse correlation only with BP1RM (p=.035).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that physical preparation, including BP1RM and TR1RM exercises, are fundamental to improving adapted shot-put performance. This showed preliminary indicators of which variables may influence the adapted shot-put that might help coaches and athletes to improve their performance. Nevertheless, those results should be carefully considered since the movement evaluated was very complex, especially when performed by participants unfamiliar with them, and because the same analysis included both sexes.
{"title":"Influence of Maximal Strength on Bench Press and Trunk Rotation in Adapted Shot-put: A Pilot Investigation","authors":"Denise Soares, Joana Lourenço, A. Silva, Fábio Flôres","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00584","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Shot-put is a complex ballistic movement that involves segments’ translational and rotational motions. Its goal is to release the shot at maximum forward velocity (strength) at an angle of approximately 40º (rotation). Considering the adapted shot-put, those two components could be more limited in action. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the correlations among the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the bench press (BP1RM) and trunk rotation (TR1RM) and the throwing distance of the adapted shotput and body composition (Fat mass and Fat-free mass [FFM]), and the throwing distance of the adapted shot-put (TD) and 1RM results.METHODS: Eighteen non-professional athletes were evaluated, and their anthropometric data were obtained (bio-impedance measurements). Afterward, the participants performed the BP1RM and TR1RM exercises. Finally, they performed the adapted shot-put in similar conditions as the official competitions, where three trials of ASP were performed, and the best of these trials were assessed.RESULTS: The results showed a significant relationship between the throwing distance and 1RM results for both exercises (BP1RM (p=.040) and TR1RM (p=.002)) and with the amount of FFM (p=.045). Concerning FFM relationships, the results showed a positive relationship with both 1RM exercises (BP1RM (p=.034) and TR1RM (p=.003)). The Fat Mass results demonstrated an inverse correlation only with BP1RM (p=.035).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that physical preparation, including BP1RM and TR1RM exercises, are fundamental to improving adapted shot-put performance. This showed preliminary indicators of which variables may influence the adapted shot-put that might help coaches and athletes to improve their performance. Nevertheless, those results should be carefully considered since the movement evaluated was very complex, especially when performed by participants unfamiliar with them, and because the same analysis included both sexes.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00227
Dohyeon Lee, Minje Ji, Sewon Lee
PURPOSE: Generally, an increase in life expectancy is accompanied by various geriatric diseases. However, there is a possibility that geriatric diseases can be prevented and improved through exercise. Exercise is recommended for older adults, but high-intensity exercise (HIE) increases the risk of potential injury. Therefore, blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE) is attracting attention as an alternative for older people who cannot perform HIE. However, mechanisms underlying the physiological effects and benefits of BFRE in older adults have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to summarize the effects of BFRE on aging-related physiological changes and examine its applicability as an effective intervention for successful aging.METHODS: A literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, was conducted for literature published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2022.RESULTS: BFRE can effectively increase muscle mass and strength in older adults. Chronic BFRE improved blood pressure, vascular function, and arterial compliance. Although BFRE did not induce changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and cognitive function, positive effects were shown by increasing bone formation markers and neurotrophic factors expression. Relatively, the risk of side effects of BFRE was very low, and even older patients with cardiovascular diseases appeared to have no risk.CONCLUSIONS: This review confirms that BFRE can be an effective and safe intervention to increase muscle mass and strength and improve cardiovascular function. Moreover, BFRE can potentially improve BMD and cognitive function in older adults. In conclusion, BFRE can be an effective intervention for successful aging; additional follow-up studies are needed.
目的:一般来说，预期寿命的增加伴随着各种老年病。然而，有可能通过运动来预防和改善老年疾病。建议老年人进行运动，但高强度运动(HIE)会增加潜在损伤的风险。因此，血流量限制运动(BFRE)作为不能进行HIE的老年人的替代方案正受到关注。然而，BFRE在老年人中的生理作用和益处的机制尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在总结BFRE对衰老相关生理变化的影响，并探讨其作为成功衰老的有效干预手段的适用性。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar等电子数据库，检索2000年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间发表的文献。结果:BFRE能有效增加老年人的肌肉质量和力量。慢性BFRE可改善血压、血管功能和动脉顺应性。虽然BFRE没有引起骨密度(BMD)和认知功能的改变，但通过增加骨形成标志物和神经营养因子表达显示出积极作用。相对而言，BFRE的副作用风险非常低，即使是老年心血管疾病患者似乎也没有风险。结论:本综述证实BFRE是一种有效且安全的干预措施，可以增加肌肉质量和力量，改善心血管功能。此外，BFRE可以潜在地改善老年人的骨密度和认知功能。综上所述，BFRE可作为成功衰老的有效干预手段;需要进一步的后续研究。
{"title":"Blood Flow Restriction Exercise for Successful Aging","authors":"Dohyeon Lee, Minje Ji, Sewon Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00227","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Generally, an increase in life expectancy is accompanied by various geriatric diseases. However, there is a possibility that geriatric diseases can be prevented and improved through exercise. Exercise is recommended for older adults, but high-intensity exercise (HIE) increases the risk of potential injury. Therefore, blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE) is attracting attention as an alternative for older people who cannot perform HIE. However, mechanisms underlying the physiological effects and benefits of BFRE in older adults have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to summarize the effects of BFRE on aging-related physiological changes and examine its applicability as an effective intervention for successful aging.METHODS: A literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, was conducted for literature published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2022.RESULTS: BFRE can effectively increase muscle mass and strength in older adults. Chronic BFRE improved blood pressure, vascular function, and arterial compliance. Although BFRE did not induce changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and cognitive function, positive effects were shown by increasing bone formation markers and neurotrophic factors expression. Relatively, the risk of side effects of BFRE was very low, and even older patients with cardiovascular diseases appeared to have no risk.CONCLUSIONS: This review confirms that BFRE can be an effective and safe intervention to increase muscle mass and strength and improve cardiovascular function. Moreover, BFRE can potentially improve BMD and cognitive function in older adults. In conclusion, BFRE can be an effective intervention for successful aging; additional follow-up studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43198931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00192
Seungyong Lee
The nervous and vascular systems are widely distributed in the skeletal system and play an important role in bone metabolism and bone formation, respectively. Their independent impact on the skeletal system has received keen attention in bone-related research over the decade. However, the mechanism of neurovascular coupling during physiological bone remodeling and regeneration has recently been highlighted, considering the importance of spatial relationships between bone-associated skeletal nerves and blood vessels. In addition, the positive effect of exercise on the bones has been continuously emphasized, as evident by the improved number and function of skeletal nerves and blood vessels following exercise training. Skeletal nerve-vascular crosstalk and exercise training are essential for bone development and regeneration, respectively; however, the effect of exercise on neurovascular interactions has not yet been studied. This review aims to summarize the regulatory roles of the nerves and blood vessels in bone metabolism and regeneration and to highlight a combination of potential cellular processes of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration. Moreover, given the significance of the spatial relationship between nerves and blood vessels in bones and the role of exercise training, this review aims to discuss the potential physiological neurovascular coupling that occurs following exercise and physical activity.
{"title":"Neurovascular Interaction and Exercise Training for Bone Regeneration","authors":"Seungyong Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00192","url":null,"abstract":"The nervous and vascular systems are widely distributed in the skeletal system and play an important role in bone metabolism and bone formation, respectively. Their independent impact on the skeletal system has received keen attention in bone-related research over the decade. However, the mechanism of neurovascular coupling during physiological bone remodeling and regeneration has recently been highlighted, considering the importance of spatial relationships between bone-associated skeletal nerves and blood vessels. In addition, the positive effect of exercise on the bones has been continuously emphasized, as evident by the improved number and function of skeletal nerves and blood vessels following exercise training. Skeletal nerve-vascular crosstalk and exercise training are essential for bone development and regeneration, respectively; however, the effect of exercise on neurovascular interactions has not yet been studied. This review aims to summarize the regulatory roles of the nerves and blood vessels in bone metabolism and regeneration and to highlight a combination of potential cellular processes of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration. Moreover, given the significance of the spatial relationship between nerves and blood vessels in bones and the role of exercise training, this review aims to discuss the potential physiological neurovascular coupling that occurs following exercise and physical activity.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00241
Hyeon-deok Jo, Maeng-kyu Kim
PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) improves the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. According to a recent revision of the PA guidelines for Americans (2018), healthy adults should participate in PA for >300 min/week for additional health benefits. In addition, it is recommended to participate in resistance exercise (RE) ≥2 days/week. This study aimed to determine whether increasing the PA duration or adding RE is more efficient in improving MetS.METHODS: Data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The logistic regression and general linear models in the complex sample were performed with a sample of 8,662 Korean adults aged 19–65. According to the metabolic equivalent task (MET), PA intensity was categorized as low-(LP; <600 MET-min/week), moderate-(MP; 600-3,000 METmin/week), and high-level PA (HP;≥3,000 MET-min/week). Furthermore, duration was categorized as high duration (HD) and low duration (LD), while RE was categorized more 2 days/week RE (MR) and less 2 days/week RE (LR).RESULTS: Compared with LP-LR the MR groups showed a significantly low odds ratio (OR) of MetS (p<.05 respectively), whereas the LR groups had no significant OR (p>.05 respectively). Compared with LP-LD, HP-HD had significantly low OR (p<.05), whereas other groups had no significant OR (p>.05 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Frequent RE decreases the OR of MetS and is not dependent on PA intensity. To efficiently reduce the OR of MetS in Korean adults, participating in frequent RE, rather than simply prolonging PA, is recommended; although, increasing PA duration can have positive effect in HP. In terms of the reduction of the MetS, more than 300 min/week of PA is unlikely to achieve additional health benefits.
{"title":"Better Option for Improving Metabolic Syndrome: Consideration of the Amount and Duration of Resistance Exercise or Physical Activity","authors":"Hyeon-deok Jo, Maeng-kyu Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00241","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) improves the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. According to a recent revision of the PA guidelines for Americans (2018), healthy adults should participate in PA for >300 min/week for additional health benefits. In addition, it is recommended to participate in resistance exercise (RE) ≥2 days/week. This study aimed to determine whether increasing the PA duration or adding RE is more efficient in improving MetS.METHODS: Data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The logistic regression and general linear models in the complex sample were performed with a sample of 8,662 Korean adults aged 19–65. According to the metabolic equivalent task (MET), PA intensity was categorized as low-(LP; <600 MET-min/week), moderate-(MP; 600-3,000 METmin/week), and high-level PA (HP;≥3,000 MET-min/week). Furthermore, duration was categorized as high duration (HD) and low duration (LD), while RE was categorized more 2 days/week RE (MR) and less 2 days/week RE (LR).RESULTS: Compared with LP-LR the MR groups showed a significantly low odds ratio (OR) of MetS (p<.05 respectively), whereas the LR groups had no significant OR (p>.05 respectively). Compared with LP-LD, HP-HD had significantly low OR (p<.05), whereas other groups had no significant OR (p>.05 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Frequent RE decreases the OR of MetS and is not dependent on PA intensity. To efficiently reduce the OR of MetS in Korean adults, participating in frequent RE, rather than simply prolonging PA, is recommended; although, increasing PA duration can have positive effect in HP. In terms of the reduction of the MetS, more than 300 min/week of PA is unlikely to achieve additional health benefits.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00157
W. Park, Soon-Chang Sung, Kwang-Seok Hong
PURPOSE: Smoking often causes acute and chronic cardiovascular disorders. Cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, and changes the extracellular matrix, impairing arterial stiffness. However, regular physical activity and smoking cessation significantly and rapidly reverse the detrimental effects. This narrative review summarizes the relevant research that describes the impacts of cigarette smoking on the cardiovascular system and demonstrates the therapeutic or preventative roles of exercise and smoking cessation in smoking-associated arterial stiffness.METHODS: We used scientific search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, to identify previous studies exploring the effects of smoking, exercise, and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness.RESULTS: We discussed the most important therapeutic and/or preventive roles of exercise and smoking cessation in decreasing arterial stiffness. Most studies have demonstrated that acute and chronic smoking increase arterial stiffness. Smoking and physical activity were negatively associated. However, this relationship was often attenuated or reversed during adult exercise interventions. In addition, smoking cessation reversed the effects of smoking on arterial stiffness.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking increases the risk of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking deteriorates arterial stiffness by altering the vascular walls. However, regular exercise and smoking cessation can improve or prevent impaired arterial stiffness.
吸烟经常引起急性和慢性心血管疾病。吸烟会增加氧化应激，降低一氧化氮的生物利用度，并改变细胞外基质，损害动脉硬化。然而，有规律的体育活动和戒烟可以显著而迅速地逆转有害影响。这篇叙述性综述总结了描述吸烟对心血管系统影响的相关研究，并证明了运动和戒烟在吸烟相关动脉硬化中的治疗或预防作用。方法：我们使用科学搜索引擎，包括PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar和Wiley Online Library，来确定以前探索吸烟、锻炼和戒烟对动脉硬化影响的研究。结果：我们讨论了运动和戒烟在降低动脉硬化中最重要的治疗和/或预防作用。大多数研究表明，急性和慢性吸烟会增加动脉硬化。吸烟和体育活动呈负相关。然而，在成人运动干预期间，这种关系往往会减弱或逆转。此外，戒烟可以逆转吸烟对动脉硬化的影响。结论：吸烟会增加患急性和慢性心血管疾病的风险。吸烟通过改变血管壁来恶化动脉硬化。然而，经常锻炼和戒烟可以改善或预防受损的动脉硬化。
{"title":"Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Exercise on Arterial Stiffness: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"W. Park, Soon-Chang Sung, Kwang-Seok Hong","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00157","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Smoking often causes acute and chronic cardiovascular disorders. Cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, and changes the extracellular matrix, impairing arterial stiffness. However, regular physical activity and smoking cessation significantly and rapidly reverse the detrimental effects. This narrative review summarizes the relevant research that describes the impacts of cigarette smoking on the cardiovascular system and demonstrates the therapeutic or preventative roles of exercise and smoking cessation in smoking-associated arterial stiffness.METHODS: We used scientific search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, to identify previous studies exploring the effects of smoking, exercise, and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness.RESULTS: We discussed the most important therapeutic and/or preventive roles of exercise and smoking cessation in decreasing arterial stiffness. Most studies have demonstrated that acute and chronic smoking increase arterial stiffness. Smoking and physical activity were negatively associated. However, this relationship was often attenuated or reversed during adult exercise interventions. In addition, smoking cessation reversed the effects of smoking on arterial stiffness.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking increases the risk of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking deteriorates arterial stiffness by altering the vascular walls. However, regular exercise and smoking cessation can improve or prevent impaired arterial stiffness.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42875010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00220
JunHyuk Kim, Kwang-Jin Lee, K. An
PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the acute effect of active tibial rotation exercise on tibial torsion angle, ankle range of motion, and neuromuscular control.METHODS: This study was based on AB/BA Cross-over design, and participants were divided into two conditions (core-tex tibial and manual tibial rotation exercises). Before and after the exercise intervention, tibial torsion angle, non-weight bearing ankle range of motion, weight-bearing ankle range of motion and dynamic balance test, and Shark skill test were conducted.RESULTS: An interaction effect was found in the left non-weight-bearing ankle range of motion and the right posterolateral (PL) of theY Balance Test. In addition, there were significant differences between periods in left tibial torsion angle, non-weight-bearing anklerange of motion, bilateral weight-bearing ankle range of motion, bilateral AN, bilateral posteromedial, right PL, bilateral compositescore, and bilateral Shark skill test.CONCLUSIONS: Tibial rotation exercise is considered valuable as sports injury prevention training due to its effectiveness for lowerextremities functionally and structurally regardless of tibial rotation exercise type.
{"title":"Acute Effect of Active Tibial Rotation Exercise on Tibial Torsion Angle, Ankle Range of Motion, and Neuromuscular Control","authors":"JunHyuk Kim, Kwang-Jin Lee, K. An","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00220","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the acute effect of active tibial rotation exercise on tibial torsion angle, ankle range of motion, and neuromuscular control.METHODS: This study was based on AB/BA Cross-over design, and participants were divided into two conditions (core-tex tibial and manual tibial rotation exercises). Before and after the exercise intervention, tibial torsion angle, non-weight bearing ankle range of motion, weight-bearing ankle range of motion and dynamic balance test, and Shark skill test were conducted.RESULTS: An interaction effect was found in the left non-weight-bearing ankle range of motion and the right posterolateral (PL) of theY Balance Test. In addition, there were significant differences between periods in left tibial torsion angle, non-weight-bearing anklerange of motion, bilateral weight-bearing ankle range of motion, bilateral AN, bilateral posteromedial, right PL, bilateral compositescore, and bilateral Shark skill test.CONCLUSIONS: Tibial rotation exercise is considered valuable as sports injury prevention training due to its effectiveness for lowerextremities functionally and structurally regardless of tibial rotation exercise type.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47328547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00213
Hokyung Choi, Ji-Eung Kim, Yoon Kim, Ren Hao, Taegyu Kim
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the running-related variables during competitions across playing positions and quarters in elite female field hockey players.METHODS: A total of 136 data from 41 players were collected using GPS units during national-level competitions. The running-related variables included the total distance covered (TD, unit: m), relative distance (RD, unit: m/min), proportion of low-(LID, 0-6 km/h), moderate-( MID, 6.1-15 km/h), and high-intensity (HID, ≥15.1 km/h) distance of the total distance covered (unit: %), and sprint efforts (SE, ≥19.1 km/h, ≥1s; unit: bouts).RESULTS: The defenders’ TD (5,619.77±1,046.14 m) was shorter than that of midfielders (5,475±1,043.33 m) and forwards (4,684.22± 1,066.11 m), and the RD of midfielders (103.64±9.10 m/min) was longer than that of forwards (99.03±10.37 m/min) and defenders (92.42±10.85 m/min). The midfielders had the highest MID(47.08±5.51%), while the highest HID (16.23±3.62%) was observed in the forwards. Defenders performed 35.12±5.25 bouts, with the highest number of sprints among the playing positions. Regardless of the playing positions, 1 quarter had the highest TD, RD, and HID, and the SE was the highest in 4 quarter.CONCLUSIONS: The players’ specific requirements can be managed by practitioners and coaches using the running performance profile; further, it can be used to design training programs containing suitable running volumes to improve players’ performance.
{"title":"Running Performance Profile among Playing Positions and Quarters in Elite Female Field Hockey Players","authors":"Hokyung Choi, Ji-Eung Kim, Yoon Kim, Ren Hao, Taegyu Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00213","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the running-related variables during competitions across playing positions and quarters in elite female field hockey players.METHODS: A total of 136 data from 41 players were collected using GPS units during national-level competitions. The running-related variables included the total distance covered (TD, unit: m), relative distance (RD, unit: m/min), proportion of low-(LID, 0-6 km/h), moderate-( MID, 6.1-15 km/h), and high-intensity (HID, ≥15.1 km/h) distance of the total distance covered (unit: %), and sprint efforts (SE, ≥19.1 km/h, ≥1s; unit: bouts).RESULTS: The defenders’ TD (5,619.77±1,046.14 m) was shorter than that of midfielders (5,475±1,043.33 m) and forwards (4,684.22± 1,066.11 m), and the RD of midfielders (103.64±9.10 m/min) was longer than that of forwards (99.03±10.37 m/min) and defenders (92.42±10.85 m/min). The midfielders had the highest MID(47.08±5.51%), while the highest HID (16.23±3.62%) was observed in the forwards. Defenders performed 35.12±5.25 bouts, with the highest number of sprints among the playing positions. Regardless of the playing positions, 1 quarter had the highest TD, RD, and HID, and the SE was the highest in 4 quarter.CONCLUSIONS: The players’ specific requirements can be managed by practitioners and coaches using the running performance profile; further, it can be used to design training programs containing suitable running volumes to improve players’ performance.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41911301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00248
H. Park
Exercise Science의 새로운 편집위원장으로서 운동과학 분야를 지평 을 넓히고자 구상하는 헌신을 요약한 미래 비전을 제시하게 되어 영광 으로 생각합니다. 우리들은 새로운 도약을 준비하고자 노력하고 있으 며, 국제적인 저널로 전환하여 현재의 경계를 뛰어넘어 운동과학 분야 를 선도할 시점에 놓여 있습니다. 운동과학의 확고한 사명은 지금까지의 선배 연구자들의 헌신과 노 력으로 다져온 연구성과와 국내외의 훌륭한 연구자들과 새로운 과학 적 지식을 공유하고 상호발전에 기여하며, 다양한 측면에서 과학 지식 의 전파에 기여하고 운동과학 분야의 이해당사자들에게 학술적 영감 을 주어 운동과학 연구와 산업발전에 기여하는 것이라 생각합니다. “현재 널리 쓰이는 ‘논문’이라는 용어는 특정 주제나 대상에 대한 개인의 견해를 과학적 방법론을 통해 체계적으로 표현한 서술을 의미 합니다. 논문의 영어단어 ‘thesis’는 그리스어인 ‘테시스’에서 유래되었 으며, 이는 ‘무엇인가를 제시하는 것’을 의미합니다. 또한, ‘dissertation’ 은 라틴어 ‘dissertātiō’에서 비롯되었으며, ‘길’이라는 의미를 지닙니다. 따라서, 논문이란 새로운 개념을 제안하고 이를 통해 학술적 방향성 을 제시하는 것으로 이해할 수 있습니다.” 과학논문의 역할은 더욱 높은 수준의 진보와 혁신 그리고 공정성과 다양성을 갖추어, 더욱 폭넓은 사람들에게 닿을 수 있도록 과학지식의 세계화를 추진하는 방향으로 바뀌어 가고 있습니다. 운동과학 분야의 국제적 학술적 역할 또한 진보하고 있습니다. 국제적 학술 플랫폼인 Web of science (WOS)의 학술연구 데이터에 따르면 지난 10년 동안 운 동과학에 대한 학술 연구가 점진적으로 증가하고 있습니다. 특히, -2010의 과거의 전체 누적 연구수치 보다 최근 10년간(2011-2021년) 더 많은 운동과학적 연구가 발표되었음을 확인할 수 있습니다(Fig. 1). 이 것은 국제적으로 운동과학자들이 역할로 인하여 운동과학 지식 영역 이 완전히 확장되고 타분야에 비하여 분야의 학술적 확산이 정점에 있다는 점을 시사합니다. 따라서 운동과학의 도약을 위해서는 운동학 분야의 새로운 학술적 근거를 제시하고 운동과학 콘텐츠를 제공함과 동시에 글로컬 기반의 운동과학적 담론을 통한 연구자 및 독자들과의 더 넓은 지평의 학술 적 소통의 선순환을 지속 가능하게 만들어가는 것이 요구됩니다. 과학적 논문 출판의 국제적 기준은 높은 수준의 편집 정책과 규정 을 준수함과 동시에, 진리를 탐구하고 이를 전파하기 위한 논문의 기 본적 사실에 기반한 더 높은 수준의 지식생산에 관한 책임 의식과 윤 리 의식 등을 강화하는 방향으로 변화하고 있기에 우리의 도약을 위 한 접근 방식도 고품질의 연구 논문과 연구 결과를 게재하고 독창성 있는 과학지식의 확산을 통하여 국제적인 소통과 과학발전에 기여하 는 것으로 진화해야 할 때입니다. 이러한 점을 염두에 두고 운동과학 의 4가지 핵심 요소인 KSEP 전략: Knowledge sharing interdisciplinary (학제간 협력), Synergistic Digital Solution (디지털융합 발전), Expanding the global reach (국제적 확장), Pioneering leadership (학술적 리더 십)을 가지고 미래 비전을 실천하고자 합니다. I. Knowledge sharing interdisciplinary (학제 간 연구교류) 운동과학은 독립적인 분야가 아닙니다. 지난 10년간 운동과학 연구 키워드로 발 표된 연구의 학술 분류를 WOS에서 분석해 본 결과(Fig. 2), 운동생 ORIGINAL ARTICLE EDITORIAL ISSN(Print) : 1226-1726 ISSN(Online) : 2384-0544
“作为Exercise Science的新编辑委员长，能够提出概括为拓宽运动科学领域领域的献身构想的未来展望，感到非常荣幸。”我们正努力为新的飞跃做准备，正处于转换为国际杂志，超越目前的界限，引领运动科学领域的时刻。运动科学的坚定使命是迄今为止的前辈研究者的献身精神和诺力带来的研究成果和国内外优秀的研究者和新的科学知识共享,做贡献,从多种角度对科学知识的传播做出了贡献,而且运动科学领域的利害当事人给予孩子以学术灵感运动是科学研究和产业发展做出贡献。“现在广泛使用的‘论文’一词是指通过科学方法论系统地表达个人对特定主题或对象的见解的叙述。论文中的英语单词“thesis”来自希腊语“tesis”，意思是“提示什么”。另外，dissertation起源于拉丁语dissert领导ti too，意为路。因此，论文可以理解为提出新的概念，并以此提示学术的方向性。“科学论文的作用正在向促进科学知识世界化的方向转变，以具备更高水平的进步和革新、公正性和多样性，从而接触到更广泛的人。运动科学领域的国际学术作用也在进步。根据国际学术平台Web of science (WOS)的学术研究数据，在过去的10年里，运动科学的学术研究正在逐渐增加。特别是，最近10年(2011-2021年)发表的运动科学研究比2010年的全部累积研究数据还要多(Fig)。1 .这表明，国际上运动科学家的作用使运动科学知识领域完全扩张，与其他领域相比，领域的学术扩散达到了顶点。因此,运动科学的飞跃,为了学领域提出新的学术依据,并提供运动科学资讯的同时,通过本地基础的运动的科学文章谈论与研究者和读者更宽广的地平线的学术沟通的良性循环可持续地创造的要求。科学论文出版的国际标准是要遵守高水平的编辑政策和规定，探求真理,为了传播该论文的基本事实为基础的关于更高水平的知识生产的责任意识和尹,意识等加强的方向变化,我们跨越位的接近方式也刊登了高质量的研究论文和研究结果,通过独创性的科学知识的扩散国际沟通和科学发展作出的贡献要进化的时候了。考虑到这一点，运动科学的四个关键要素，KSEP战略:我们将以Knowledge sharing interdisciplinary(跨学科合作)、Synergistic Digital Solution(数字融合发展)、Expanding the global reach(国际扩张)、Pioneering leadership(学术领导能力)来实践未来展望。I. Knowledge sharing interdisciplinary运动科学不是一个独立的领域。这是WOS对过去10年间作为运动科学研究关键词发表的研究学术分类进行分析的结果(Fig)。2)，运动员:ORIGINAL ARTICLE EDITORIAL ISSN(Print): 1226-1726 ISSN(Online): 2384-0544
{"title":"Expanding Horizons: Empowering Exercise Science for a Resilient Future","authors":"H. Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00248","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise Science의 새로운 편집위원장으로서 운동과학 분야를 지평 을 넓히고자 구상하는 헌신을 요약한 미래 비전을 제시하게 되어 영광 으로 생각합니다. 우리들은 새로운 도약을 준비하고자 노력하고 있으 며, 국제적인 저널로 전환하여 현재의 경계를 뛰어넘어 운동과학 분야 를 선도할 시점에 놓여 있습니다. 운동과학의 확고한 사명은 지금까지의 선배 연구자들의 헌신과 노 력으로 다져온 연구성과와 국내외의 훌륭한 연구자들과 새로운 과학 적 지식을 공유하고 상호발전에 기여하며, 다양한 측면에서 과학 지식 의 전파에 기여하고 운동과학 분야의 이해당사자들에게 학술적 영감 을 주어 운동과학 연구와 산업발전에 기여하는 것이라 생각합니다. “현재 널리 쓰이는 ‘논문’이라는 용어는 특정 주제나 대상에 대한 개인의 견해를 과학적 방법론을 통해 체계적으로 표현한 서술을 의미 합니다. 논문의 영어단어 ‘thesis’는 그리스어인 ‘테시스’에서 유래되었 으며, 이는 ‘무엇인가를 제시하는 것’을 의미합니다. 또한, ‘dissertation’ 은 라틴어 ‘dissertātiō’에서 비롯되었으며, ‘길’이라는 의미를 지닙니다. 따라서, 논문이란 새로운 개념을 제안하고 이를 통해 학술적 방향성 을 제시하는 것으로 이해할 수 있습니다.” 과학논문의 역할은 더욱 높은 수준의 진보와 혁신 그리고 공정성과 다양성을 갖추어, 더욱 폭넓은 사람들에게 닿을 수 있도록 과학지식의 세계화를 추진하는 방향으로 바뀌어 가고 있습니다. 운동과학 분야의 국제적 학술적 역할 또한 진보하고 있습니다. 국제적 학술 플랫폼인 Web of science (WOS)의 학술연구 데이터에 따르면 지난 10년 동안 운 동과학에 대한 학술 연구가 점진적으로 증가하고 있습니다. 특히, -2010의 과거의 전체 누적 연구수치 보다 최근 10년간(2011-2021년) 더 많은 운동과학적 연구가 발표되었음을 확인할 수 있습니다(Fig. 1). 이 것은 국제적으로 운동과학자들이 역할로 인하여 운동과학 지식 영역 이 완전히 확장되고 타분야에 비하여 분야의 학술적 확산이 정점에 있다는 점을 시사합니다. 따라서 운동과학의 도약을 위해서는 운동학 분야의 새로운 학술적 근거를 제시하고 운동과학 콘텐츠를 제공함과 동시에 글로컬 기반의 운동과학적 담론을 통한 연구자 및 독자들과의 더 넓은 지평의 학술 적 소통의 선순환을 지속 가능하게 만들어가는 것이 요구됩니다. 과학적 논문 출판의 국제적 기준은 높은 수준의 편집 정책과 규정 을 준수함과 동시에, 진리를 탐구하고 이를 전파하기 위한 논문의 기 본적 사실에 기반한 더 높은 수준의 지식생산에 관한 책임 의식과 윤 리 의식 등을 강화하는 방향으로 변화하고 있기에 우리의 도약을 위 한 접근 방식도 고품질의 연구 논문과 연구 결과를 게재하고 독창성 있는 과학지식의 확산을 통하여 국제적인 소통과 과학발전에 기여하 는 것으로 진화해야 할 때입니다. 이러한 점을 염두에 두고 운동과학 의 4가지 핵심 요소인 KSEP 전략: Knowledge sharing interdisciplinary (학제간 협력), Synergistic Digital Solution (디지털융합 발전), Expanding the global reach (국제적 확장), Pioneering leadership (학술적 리더 십)을 가지고 미래 비전을 실천하고자 합니다. I. Knowledge sharing interdisciplinary (학제 간 연구교류) 운동과학은 독립적인 분야가 아닙니다. 지난 10년간 운동과학 연구 키워드로 발 표된 연구의 학술 분류를 WOS에서 분석해 본 결과(Fig. 2), 운동생 ORIGINAL ARTICLE EDITORIAL ISSN(Print) : 1226-1726 ISSN(Online) : 2384-0544","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47110857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2023.00136
Ji-Seok Kim
PURPOSE: Regular exercise has been shown to have anti-aging effects on the vascular system by improving endothelial function and diminishing oxidative stress. However, adherence to an exercise regimen can be difficult for some individuals, particularly those with limited mobility. This study investigated the effects of resveratrol as an exercise mimetic for preventing and improving oxidative stressinduced senescence in vascular endothelial cells.METHODS: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to investigate the reversal effects of laminar shear stress and the protective effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced premature senescence. Senescence was estimated using SA-β-gal staining and western blot analysis, whereas oxidative stress levels were evaluated using MitoSOX staining. Matrigel tube formation and scratch assays were also performed to assess endothelial angiogenic and migration functions.RESULTS: The study showed that laminar shear stress could partly normalize premature endothelial senescence. Resveratrol pretreatment attenuated reactive oxygen species production and prevented senescence in H2O2-induced premature aging. Additionally, resveratrol contributed to maintaining endothelial cells’ angiogenic and migratory functions.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that laminar shear stress can mitigate the effects of oxidative stress-induced premature senescence. Resveratrol may be a potential substitute for exercise to prevent age-related damage to the endothelium by increasing resistance to oxidative stress and improving endothelial function.
{"title":"Aerobic Exercise-Mimetic Effects of Resveratrol on the Prevention of Vascular Endothelial Senescence","authors":"Ji-Seok Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2023.00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00136","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Regular exercise has been shown to have anti-aging effects on the vascular system by improving endothelial function and diminishing oxidative stress. However, adherence to an exercise regimen can be difficult for some individuals, particularly those with limited mobility. This study investigated the effects of resveratrol as an exercise mimetic for preventing and improving oxidative stressinduced senescence in vascular endothelial cells.METHODS: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to investigate the reversal effects of laminar shear stress and the protective effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced premature senescence. Senescence was estimated using SA-β-gal staining and western blot analysis, whereas oxidative stress levels were evaluated using MitoSOX staining. Matrigel tube formation and scratch assays were also performed to assess endothelial angiogenic and migration functions.RESULTS: The study showed that laminar shear stress could partly normalize premature endothelial senescence. Resveratrol pretreatment attenuated reactive oxygen species production and prevented senescence in H2O2-induced premature aging. Additionally, resveratrol contributed to maintaining endothelial cells’ angiogenic and migratory functions.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that laminar shear stress can mitigate the effects of oxidative stress-induced premature senescence. Resveratrol may be a potential substitute for exercise to prevent age-related damage to the endothelium by increasing resistance to oxidative stress and improving endothelial function.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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