Frontiers in Sociology最新文献

Research suggests father involvement in childcare can elevate maternal life satisfaction but has been undertaken almost exclusively in Western countries. This study investigates whether the association holds in countries where gender complementarity is normative, specifically testing the applicability of role theory and family systems theory on mothers' life satisfaction in under-studied South Asian contexts. We utilize data from Round 6 of UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), harmonized by IPUMS MICS, for Bangladesh and for three of Pakistan's provinces. The analytic sample was restricted to married women with 3-4-year-old children (N = 34,126). We ran multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression models for both countries and for Pakistan's provinces to estimate the relationship between maternal life satisfaction and father's participation in six different activities (reading or looking at picture books, singing, playing, telling stories, taking child outside, and counting/naming/drawing things). Father reading with child was positively associated with maternal life satisfaction in Bangladesh, and both reading and counting were positively associated in Pakistan's Sindh province, while storytelling was negatively related in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Other father activities with children were not significantly associated with maternal life satisfaction. We theorize when fathers perform activities consistent with gender norms, mothers experience higher satisfaction, but when they perform activities that transgress dominant gender norms, women feel uneasy. In conclusion, father-child engagement is sometimes linked to higher maternal life satisfaction in Pakistan and Bangladesh, but this depends on the activity and the context.

Introduction: Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity (GEDI) have become essential components of higher education reform; however, their integration into Philippine higher education curricula remains inconsistent. Thus, this study explored GEDI faculty members' perspectives on integrating GEDI concepts into higher education. It proposes a responsive curriculum framework aligned with national mandates and global sustainable development goals.

Methodology: A descriptive qualitative case study was conducted involving 19 faculty members from various higher education institutions in the Philippines. Data were gathered through online Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and relevant document reviews. Thematic analysis using Atlas.ti 25 guided the coding and interpretation processes, complemented by member checking, reflexivity through the COREQ checklist, and triangulation to strengthen the analytical rigor.

Results: The findings revealed that faculty members perceived GEDI integration as largely symbolic, with vague mentions in syllabi but insufficient curricular outcomes. Key gaps included (1) uneven implementation across disciplines (stronger in Social Sciences/Education vs. STEM), (2) non-standardized GEDI strategies, (3) faculty resistance and inadequate training, (4) marginalization of underrepresented identities in content, and (5) weak policy enforcement. A four-layer GEDI-Responsive Curriculum Framework (macro, meso, micro, nano) was proposed to embed intersectionality, contextual relevance, and accountability across all educational levels. This research bridges policy-practice gaps by aligning with the local and international higher education curriculum and emphasizing intersectionality, localized reforms, and measurable competencies (e.g., empathy, critical gender consciousness). The findings of the study are context-specific to selected Philippine regions, and broader applicability requires further validation. Underrepresented contexts (e.g., Indigenous Peoples and disability-specific programs) were minimally covered. Future research should broaden geographic coverage and pilot systematic feedback systems to evaluate the applicability and sustainability of the framework across diverse higher education contexts.

Introduction: Disaggregating the Asian American racial category is crucial to understanding ethnic differences in discrimination. However, few studies have qualitatively explored perceptions of whether ethnic discrimination differs from racial discrimination.

Methods: We conducted three focus groups with Korean American emerging adults (N = 13) to explore perceptions of racial discrimination. After COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter protests, we conducted a follow-up focus group. We combined these findings with collective auto and insider ethnography.

Results: Participants described being stereotyped and conflated with other Asians, with some perceiving positive stereotypes as benign. They identified flaws in existing racism measures. Historic events appeared to heighten awareness of one's racial and ethnic identity and awareness of systemic racism impacting all people of color.

Discussion: Future studies may seek to revise discrimination measures to better capture ethnic-specific experiences and their implications for health.

This study examines the relationship between domestic violence and the development and implementation of social policies in Palestine, focusing on the perceptions of officers in the Family and Juvenile Protection Department (FJPD). Adopting an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 169 officers across the West Bank and Gaza through structured questionnaires, followed by 15 semi-structured interviews that provided qualitative depth and context. Findings reveal that domestic violence remains pervasive and multifaceted, with psychological and economic abuse identified as the most common forms. Statistical analyses indicate a strong negative correlation between the perceived prevalence of domestic violence and the perceived effectiveness of social protection policies (r = -0.61, p < 0.001). Regression results highlight institutional barriers (β = -0.47) and psychological violence (β = -0.31) as the most significant predictors undermining policy performance. Qualitative insights illuminate how entrenched patriarchal norms, limited institutional capacity, and practitioner burnout jointly constrain effective policy enforcement. Despite the existence of progressive legislative frameworks, implementation is weakened by fragmented coordination, insufficient resources, and the absence of a ratified Family Protection Law. The study contributes empirically and theoretically by linking micro-level patterns of violence with macro-level policy fragility. It underscores the need for integrated reforms legal ratification, institutional capacity-building, and cultural transformation to bridge the persistent gap between policy symbolism and substantive gender justice in Palestine.

Shehan Karunatilaka's The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida (2022) offers a reimagined depiction of the Sri Lankan civil war aftermath in the context of restorative justice. It offers a discussion of how haunting serves as a sociological process for truth-telling, recognition, and reconciliation within post-war Sri Lanka. Using a theoretical approach rooted in Derrida's hauntology, Avery Gordon's notion of haunting, and Buddhist cosmology in the sociology of literature framework, this research examines how the novel reworks the afterlife as a site of moral and collective accountability. The war photographer, Maali Almeida, who died during the civil war, is a witness. Through his ghostly presence, he forces the living to reveal hidden atrocities and acknowledges collective damage. His haunting challenges political amnesia. And it represents how memory, justice, and healing are indistinguishably related in a violence-plagued society. Finally, by imagining haunting as a metaphor and a means of restorative justice, the paper argues that Karunatilaka's novel does not imagine reconciliation through retribution or denial, but in terms of truth-telling, memory, and ethical liberation.

This study investigates how individuals' misperceptions of their relative position in the income distribution-referred to as positioning bias-are shaped by income inequality. Drawing on the ISSP 2019 Social Inequality module, the analysis includes data from 31,368 individuals across 29 countries and employs multilevel modelling to test whether individuals are more likely to misperceive their position under conditions of high inequality. We explore heterogeneity across income groups and bias types (unbiased, underestimation, and overestimation). Findings reveal that inequality is associated with positioning bias, though the direction and magnitude depend on the individuals' actual income position. Individuals in disadvantaged positions are more accurate in their self-perceptions when inequality is high, while those in higher-income positions tend more towards underestimating their relative standing. Overall, the results show that higher inequality is associated with lower subjective status relative to respondents' actual position across all income groups. This research contributes to broader debates on inequality perceptions and redistributive preferences.

Introduction: How does the change in gender role attitude reshape women's entrepreneurship? This question holds significant practical implications for unleashing women's economic potential and promoting inclusive economic development.

Methods: Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study analyzes the impact of an improved gender role attitude on rural mothers' entrepreneurship.

Results: The results show that the improvement in gender role attitude increases the entrepreneurship rate of rural mothers by 4.89%. However, there are differences. The impact of an improved gender role attitude on rural mothers' necessity-based entrepreneurship is 4% higher than that on opportunity-based entrepreneurship. Specifically, the improvement in gender role attitude has a significant positive effect on the entrepreneurship of rural mothers who have not completed higher education, while it shows the opposite effect on those who have completed higher education. Mechanism analysis reveals that family support and information access play a moderating role in the impact of gender role attitude on rural mothers' entrepreneurship.

Discussion: The study also finds that the entrepreneurial behavior of rural mothers has a spillover effect. Rural mothers provide more employment opportunities for other women through their entrepreneurial activities. Not only expands the research boundary of women's entrepreneurship and the application scope of entrepreneurship theories, but also explores the internal mechanism through which gender role attitudes influence rural mothers' entrepreneurship.

Introduction: This study examines socio-educational work in reception centres for unaccompanied foreign minors (MENAS) in Salerno, Italy, focusing on tools, practices, and challenges within residential care.

Methods: Qualitative single-case study; interviews with judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and staff; two focus groups with eight socio-educational workers; thematic analysis using a grounded approach.

Results: Participants reported tensions between empathy and professional distance, bureaucratic hurdles, language barriers, trauma-related needs, and limited inter-institutional coordination. Six thematic categories emerged: actors' map; migration drivers; challenges; practitioner role; minors' perspectives; operational tools.

Discussion: Findings align with social learning, scaffolding, and transference frameworks. Reflective teamwork and structured daily activities support integration but require supervision and training. Implications concern inter-agency coordination and rights-based inclusion pathways.

Geneticization is a concept originally introduced by Abby Lippman to critique the growing dominance of genetic explanations in health, identity, and society. Over the decades, the notion of geneticization has undergone significant development across various academic fields including sociology, bioethics, clinical medicine, and cultural studies, highlighting its broad relevance and impact on multiple areas of research. We conducted a scoping review of 25 peer-reviewed studies from 2011 and 2024, to investigate how the concept has been taken up, redefined, and challenged across multiple disciplines. Guided by two central research questions: (1) What are the prevailing themes surrounding geneticization in recent scholarship? and (2) To what extent do Lippman's original concerns remain relevant? the review synthesizes insights from these studies, categorizing them across sociological, clinical, and ethical dimensions. Findings reveal a shift from deterministic framings toward more complex understandings, such as enlightened geneticization, biosociality, and biological citizenship, which highlight individuals' agency in interpreting genetic information. At the same time, the review identifies ongoing risks of genetic reductionism in areas such as race, identity, reproduction, and education. The results underscore that while the term "geneticization" has evolved in both use and meaning, it remains a critical analytical lens for evaluating the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetic technologies. The review concludes by emphasizing the continued relevance of interdisciplinary inquiry and ethical vigilance in the genomic era.

Introduction: Existing studies emphasize microcredit's role in women's entrepreneurship but often overlook other forms of support such as training and support services influencing sustainability and income growth. Furthermore, research exploring sectoral differences in the effects of these types of assistance has been insufficient. This paper analyzes the effects of training and support services on women's micro-enterprises in rural Bangladesh and compares the differential effects in three sectors.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used. A field survey was conducted with 170 randomly selected women entrepreneurs in the Tangail District: 63 in tailoring, 73 in embroidery, and 34 in basket-weaving. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to identify support services that are important in each of the sectors. In-depth interviews were also carried out with 20 women entrepreneurs, and nine key informant interviews were organized with local officials and NGO representatives to gain insights into the implementation and roles of support services.

Results: While training and support services enhance enterprise income, their effects vary by sector, likely due to differences in business operations, skill requirements, and resource dependence. Businesses in the tailoring sector benefit from skills-based training, while those in basket weaving gain from market access support. Sectoral differences were also found in how external factors affect financial performance, such as education, family support, and experience. These findings highlight a need for sector-specific strategies to empower rural women entrepreneurs.