Frontiers in Sociology最新文献

This paper explores how Danish legal professionals assess the trustworthiness of victims in criminal cases based on emotional expressions. It focuses on the alignment of these expressions with the nature of the crime, the social context, and the victims' social identities, and is based on findings from several ethnographic projects involving extensive observations of crime cases and interviews with criminal justice professionals. The research analyzes how victims' emotional expressions are scrutinized and interpreted within the context of Danish cultural norms, which favor "calm and quiet" behavior. Legal professionals define this behavior as specifically "Danish," and often contrast it to ethnic minorities' way of enacting emotions. Emotions are thus culturally and socially interpreted in courtroom settings, and I relate these findings to broader discussions about how emotions mediate, co-create and maintain systematic differences based on gender and ethnicity in legal decision-making. The study thus highlights the cultural and social dimensions of emotions in this legal setting and calls for greater awareness of how these factors influence the assessment of trustworthiness.

This study employs a rigorous Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to examine the role of women's leadership in advancing social movements for gender equality. Utilizing Scopus-indexed articles, we provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, analyzing factors contributing to the success of women leaders, effective leadership strategies, and the impacts of these efforts on communities and structural change. The findings indicate that women's leadership plays a crucial role in fostering sustainable social change by enhancing women's participation in decision-making, increasing public awareness of gender issues, and advocating for policies that promote gender equity. Additionally, this review identifies key challenges faced by women leaders in social movements, including gender stereotypes, institutional barriers, and inequities in resource access. In conclusion, strengthening women's leadership in social movements is essential for advancing gender equality, though significant systemic obstacles must still be addressed to fully realize the transformative potential of such leadership.

Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) significantly impacts adults' wellbeing, causing both physical and psychological harm. IPV has been consistently linked to adverse sexual health outcomes, including an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, and sexual dysfunction. This systematic review examines the evolving relationship between IPV and sexual health outcomes in adults from 2014 to 2024, addressing gaps in understanding across diverse populations and exploring the complex interplay between violence, sexuality, and health.

Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2014 and February 2024. Studies examining the association between IPV and sexual health variables in adult populations (aged 18 and older) were included. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and 27 articles met the inclusion criteria after full-text screening and quality assessment.

Results: IPV was consistently associated with poorer sexual health outcomes across diverse populations and contexts. Studies utilized various validated instruments to assess IPV and sexual health. Research primarily focused on cisgender heterosexual women, with limited studies on cisgender heterosexual men, men who have sex with men, and transgender individuals. IPV was linked to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, sexual dysfunction, and decreased sexual satisfaction. The relationship between IPV and sexual health was influenced by factors such as gender identity, sexual orientation, and cultural context.

Discussion: The review highlights the complex relationship between IPV and sexual health, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and culturally sensitive approaches. Significant research gaps exist, particularly regarding lesbian women and non-binary individuals. Future studies should employ mixed-methods approaches and consider intersectionality to provide a more comprehensive understanding of IPV's impact on sexual health across diverse populations.

Introduction: Rape is a severe violation involving non-consensual sexual acts, often accompanied by force, threats, or coercion, leading to profound physical, emotional, and social consequences for survivors.

Aim: This review aims to examine and synthesize research on effective strategies for rape prevention and intervention, with a particular focus on social control mechanisms, legal frameworks, cultural change, educational programs, public awareness campaigns, community vigilance, victim support services, and the influence of digital media.

Methodology: A comprehensive review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles, policy papers, and reports from the past 20 years. Keywords like "rape prevention," "legal frameworks," and "consent education" were used with Boolean operators to refine the focus. Articles addressing prevention strategies, social control, legal reforms, or public awareness with empirical findings or theoretical insights were included, while unrelated studies were excluded. From 6500 records, 39 studies were ultimately included after screening and eligibility assessments.

Results: The global and national burden of rape is substantial, with significant prevalence differences influenced by cultural, socio-economic, and legal factors. Effective prevention of rape necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes stringent legal frameworks, comprehensive education on consent, public awareness campaigns, social control, and community vigilance.

Discussion: Social control plays a critical role in these prevention strategies, encompassing both formal mechanisms like legal sanctions and informal controls such as societal norms and cultural attitudes. Challenges to these efforts include persistent rape myths, victim-blaming, inconsistent legal definitions of consent, and the evolving complexities of digital media. However, global examples such as Sweden's consent-based legal reforms and the UK's cultural shift through public campaigns demonstrate that these challenges can be addressed effectively. National efforts, including the "It's On Us" campaign in the United States and legal reforms in India, further highlight the importance of tailored interventions to address specific contextual challenges.

Conclusion: Ultimately, overcoming these challenges requires an integrated strategy that combines legal reforms, educational initiatives, cultural change, and robust support systems for survivors. By learning from successful global and national models, societies can build more effective frameworks for preventing rape and ensuring justice for those affected.

This paper advances the theory of Configurational Field Analysis (CFA) as a reconfiguration of Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, aiming to address the limitations of Global Field Theory in analyzing the complexities of global and transnational phenomena. While the concept of the Global Field extended Bourdieu's ideas to transnational and global arenas, it has been critiqued for its structural determinism, Eurocentrism, and its inability to fully capture the fluid, indeterminate, and contingent nature of global social dynamics. In response, this paper introduces social configurations as dynamic, relational constructs that emerge from specific historical and contextual conditions, rather than as fixed and universal structures. By integrating the concept of social configurations into field theory, CFA reconceptualizes social spaces as fluid and contested arenas where power, capital, and influence are continually negotiated. The paper proceeds by revisiting the foundations and critiques of Global Field Theory, followed by the introduction of social configurations and their theoretical advantages. Finally, it presents Configurational Field Analysis as a comprehensive framework, detailing its analytical steps and demonstrating its applicability to contemporary global issues. This framework not only addresses the methodological and analytical gaps in Global Field Theory but also offers a more adaptable and context-sensitive approach for understanding the complexities of global interactions.

Digital platforms are transforming the world of work. However, platforms operating in similar fields of activity encounter varying mechanisms of opposition, as a result of different degrees of professional institutionalization and their relations with the state. This study examines the diversified labor/capital struggle processes on platforms operating at different points of urban mobility in Istanbul and makes an evaluation between delivery and transportation platforms. Therefore, the actions of workers against digital platforms, news reports and public statements of relevant actors in both fields were systematically analyzed. As a result of the study, it is seen that the labor struggle in delivery services includes demands for the regulation of work in parallel with traditional working class reflexes. On the other hand, the resistance in the urban transport platforms is formed in the center of the rent and turns into an institutional struggle as a result of the public activity of the actors. Thus, the inter-class struggle in delivery services operating on digital platforms transforms into an intra-class rent-sharing struggle in urban transport.

This article explores what "care" looks like in the specific context of Muslim refugees and asylum seekers within the dominant discourse of humanitarianism. India and Australia are chosen for this comparative analysis because our aim is to emphasise multidimensional anti-Muslim alliances that are now in place in both contexts between the governments and official and unofficial media that influence humanitarian policies and practice. We argue that the "information disorder" that dominates current media ecologies about Muslim refugees in both countries is produced at this nexus of official agents-both state and media institutions-as well as social media content produced by local and global actors that perpetuate anti-Muslim bias. More specifically, this article examines how India has responded to emergencies involving the Rohingya refugees, and Australia's treatment of post-9/11 Muslim refugees and asylum seekers. We demonstrate that these states and the media they sponsor are linked to the use of disinformation, or deliberately inaccurate information to seed and perpetuate Islamophobic sentiments and thereby practice a form of "calculated care". The examples in this article highlight the need to build on our understanding of what constitutes humanitarian care towards vulnerable and stateless populations. Furthermore, they call for response strategies that take into cognizance the fact that Islamophobia has been institutionalized in the public sphere in order to promote culturally supremacist discourses of traditional values as well as national security.

Feminism has been one of the most important social movements of the last centuries. Current societies have widely recognized their contributions. However, whereas ethnic diversity has been included in the movement, diversity in terms of academic background has not. Therefore, the contributions made by the "other women" from their daily lives, those with no university education (who belong to cultural minorities or not), remain on the margins of public debate. In the face of this reality, the plurality of all women has been building contributions to education and dialogic feminism. Based on Lidia Puigvert's previous study on dialogic feminism and the "other women" movement, this article aimed to trace the social impact of "other women's" contributions to education and dialogic feminism in their lives and communities. A qualitative case study has been developed that collects a systematic literature review, in-depth interviews with educators, focus groups, and communicative daily life stories with women who have participated in Schools as Learning Communities and democratic adult education associations in Spain over the last 20 years. The results provided evidence about the contributions of the "other women" in the development and expansion of successful educational actions that have generated social and educational transformations in themselves, their families, and their communities, such as Dialogic Gatherings and the prevention of gender violence, among others.

Public breeding programs are pushing to implement demand-led breeding to increase variety adoption, while tackling multiple challenges for increased production under climate change. This has included the improvement of variety target product profiles involving multiple stakeholders. A special case involves the unexpected and rapid spread of the Shangi potato variety in Kenya. This variety was not an especially outstanding variety and the levels of its traits did not exceed the expected thresholds defined in the target product profile for table potato in East Africa. By examining the customer segments looking at gender but also social contexts of smallholder and disadvantaged farmers such as access to markets, inputs, and labor, it became apparent that ready availability of potatoes for consumption, processing, or planting was of prime importance. Given the storage and market constraints, Shangi's very short dormancy, which had been assumed to be a negative trait for farmers, women cottage processors and consumers, was actually meeting the needs for available product and planting material. Consequently, this provided these groups increased control over their productive activities. The case study presented here analyzes different components of potato variety change in Kenya. It explores the challenges and tradeoffs faced by public sector breeding programs and how gender analysis from a broader inclusion perspective can uncover the underlying causes of varietal adoption. Focusing on the Shangi potato variety, the case study reveals a series of lessons learned that have re-shaped the definition of breeding priorities.

Legal decision-making aspires to be objective, a principle regarded as foundational to justice, public trust, and the legitimacy of legal outcomes. However, this ideal is often challenged by the reality of human judgment, which is influenced by subjective factors such as emotions, biases, and varying cognitive strategies. This paper investigates the psychological challenges faced by legal professionals in the context of sentencing, drawing on data from studies involving judges and prosecutors in Slovenia. Through workshops, interviews, and focus groups, the research highlights substantial inconsistencies in sentencing practices, even for similar offences. These disparities reveal the limits of objectivity within the judicial process, prompting legal professionals to reflect on the systemic and individual factors driving variability. The analysis focuses on how judges and prosecutors react to these discrepancies, examining a range of emotional and psychological responses-including the rationalization of decisions, the pursuit of consistency through personal "sentencing codes," and reliance on collegial input to cope with the absence of formal guidelines. The analysis draws on concepts from cognitive dissonance theory, deliberate ignorance, emotional labour, and personality types to explore how professionals reconcile the ideal of objectivity with the imperfections of human judgment. It highlights the profound emotional toll that discrepancies in sentencing can take on decision-makers and how these emotional reactions influence their professional identity and approach to justice. By contextualising these findings within the sociology of emotions, this paper emphasises how the emotional realities of legal professionals shape their responses to perceived failures and impact their capacity to deliver justice. Ultimately, this study aims to foster a deeper understanding of the human aspects of judicial decision-making, underscoring the need for systemic reforms to mitigate disparities, provide support, and promote consistency in sentencing practices.