Global Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Mapping the spatial distribution and characteristics of HIV seropositivity among women in Ethiopia. A spatial analysis","authors":"Tegene Atamenta kitaw ,&nbsp;Amanuel Tadesse Koyas ,&nbsp;Bruktawite Afework Tekle ,&nbsp;Ribka Nigatu Haile","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although promising effort has been made so far, HIV remains a public health concern. Women in Ethiopia are disproportionately affected by HIV, accounting for a majority of new infections and HIV -related deaths. However, the geospatial distribution of HIV among women in Ethiopia is not well understood, making it challenging to develop geographically targeted measures. Besides, to accelerate the pathway of decreasing HIV prevalence and plan geographically specific interventions, understanding the geospatial distribution of HIV seropositivity among women plays a crucial role.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A spatial analysis was conducted among 14,778 weighted samples of women in the reproductive age group. Global Moran's I was computed to determine whether HIV seropositivity is randomly distributed, clustered, or dispersed. Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistic was done to identify spatial clusters of cold and hot spot areas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HIV seropositivity among women in Ethiopia is distributed non-randomly (Global Moran's <em>I</em> = 0.16). The distribution of HIV ranges from 0.02 % to 6.16 %. A hotspot clustering of HIV seropositivity was identified in Addis Ababa, Harari, Dire Dawa, and Gambela region. Women residing in the primary cluster, encompassing Addis Ababa, Harari, and Dire Dawa, exhibited a substantially increased risk of HIV infection compared to the reverse group (LLR = 32.88, 95CI:26.33–39.36).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HIV seropositivity among women in Ethiopia is unevenly distributed, with clear spatial clustering. The highest concentration of cases was identified in Addis Ababa, Harari, Dire Dawa, and Gambela, with significantly elevated risk observed in the primary cluster regions. These findings underscore the importance of geographically targeted interventions to address the concentrated burden of HIV in high-risk regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of alcohol use in Sri Lanka: Findings of the SLHAS national survey","authors":"Bilesha Perera ,&nbsp;Ravindra P. Rannan-Eliya ,&nbsp;Nilmini Wijemunige ,&nbsp;Sarath Samarage ,&nbsp;H.M.M. Herath ,&nbsp;Wasantha Jayawardene ,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Torabi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reliable epidemiological evidence of alcohol use in Sri Lanka is limited. This study addressed this gap using nationally representative data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from a 2018/2019 national study of non-institutionalized adults in Sri Lanka were used. Weighted data were analysed using descriptive and logistic regression techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 6473 adults (mean age 43.9 (<em>SD</em> = 16.7); 52.5 % women) surveyed, 53.1 % (95 %CI; 51.9 %, 54.3 %) of men and 2.0 % (95 % CI; 1.9 %, 2.1 %) of women were current (yearly) alcohol users. Per capita consumption of alcohol was 3.12 l for men and 0.028 l for women. Predictors of alcohol use in men included being aged 30–39 years, Sinhalese ethnicity, secondary education, currently married, and being in the middle wealth quintile and in women, being aged 30–39 years, Indian Tamil ethnicity, tertiary education, being a widow or separated, and being in the highest wealth quintile were the significant predictors of current alcohol use. Hazardous drinking (≥21 units per week) was observed only in men: 14.1 %. In men, smoking, elevated blood pressure and low self-rated health were related to higher likelihood of alcohol use. Alcohol use showed protective effects on type 2 diabetes and depression in men.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prevalence, distribution and associated factors of alcohol use vary by demographic and health characteristics of Sri Lankan adults. Preventive strategies should be based on population risk stratification of alcohol use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal death surveillance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017–2021: Causes and contributing factors","authors":"Sisay Tiroro Salato ,&nbsp;Tolcha Kebebew ,&nbsp;Zegaye Hailemariam Tessema ,&nbsp;Habitamu Yimer ,&nbsp;Sileshi Demelesh Sasie","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite national efforts, maternal mortality remains a major public health challenge in Ethiopia. Identifying context-specific causes and delays in receiving appropriate and timely healthcare is essential to guide targeted interventions. This study analysed maternal mortality in Addis Ababa over a 5-year period to identify the causes and contributing factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted using maternal death surveillance data collected from 2017 and 2021 in Addis Ababa. The data were extracted from health facility-based maternal death case-based reports and the verbal autopsy tool utilized for community-based maternal death investigations. The data are part of the national surveillance system owned by the Public Health Emergency Management Center of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Information included in the dataset included socio-demographic characteristics, the underlying causes of death, the timing of death, and type of delays in receiving healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 309 maternal deaths were recorded in Addis Ababa. The maternal mortality ratio was 74 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The majority of deaths (86.4 %) occurred after delivery. Direct obstetric causes were responsible for 94.2 % of deaths, with obstetric haemorrhage identified as the leading cause (41.1 %). Other direct causes included hypertensive disorders (23.0 %) and puerperal sepsis (12.6 %). An additional 5.8 % of deaths were resulting from indirect causes. Among the deaths resulting from direct obstetric causes, 62.2 % were due to delays in receiving appropriate and timely care after reaching health facilities. Common reasons for the delays in receiving care were delayed facility referrals (46.0 %), case management challenges (43.1 %), and lack of supplies and equipment (28.7 %). Furthermore, 37.5 % of deaths were resulting from delays in deciding to seek health care, primarily contributed by a failure to recognize the problem. About a quarter of deaths (24.7 %), were contributed by delays in reaching health facility, predominantly due to delayed arrival at referral receiving health facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the maternal mortality ratio in Addis Ababa is lower than the national rate, it is still above the WHO target. Almost all maternal deaths were results of the direct obstetric causes. Delays in receiving appropriate and timely care remain the leading contributing factor to maternal deaths. Strengthening emergency referral systems, enhancing facility-based management capacity through health worker training, and increasing community awareness could address key gaps in reducing preventable maternal mortality. Enhanced surveillance can be used to monitor the impact of interventions over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable artificial intelligence for predicting dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh using eco-climatic triggers","authors":"Md. Siddikur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Abu Bokkor Shiddik","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue represents a significant public health threat in Bangladesh, characterized by its complex ecological transmission dynamics. To improve dengue prevention and control efforts, firstly, we employ state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) methods to identify the roles of eco-climatic factors in predicting dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilize high-performance machine learning (ML) models, XGBoost and LightGBM, combined with explainable AI (XAI) methodologies to evaluate the predictive performance and impact of various dengue determinants in Bangladesh from 2000 to 2023. The LightGBM and XGBoost models were also utilized to predict dengue cases and early warning trends from 2024 to 2030. Climatic, socio-demographic, and landscape features were used to train these models; SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) were used to interpret the results.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between 2000 and 2023, Bangladesh experienced the highest number of dengue cases in August, while November saw the most fatalities. The XGBoost model excelled in predicting dengue outbreaks, achieving an AUC score of 0.89, a Log Loss of 0.64. Key predictors identified by the model include population density, precipitation, temperature, and land-use patterns. Additionally, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) provided insights into the model's predictions, highlighting the significance of population density, relative humidity, and minimum temperature in dengue outbreaks.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study showcases the potential of XAI in uncovering the complexities of dengue outbreaks, providing a robust tool for public health interventions. Our AI-driven framework can be utilized to generate prompt and timely alerts to prevent imminent dengue and other infectious disease outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality trends associated with hypertension and atrial fibrillation: A CDC WONDER data analysis","authors":"Saad Khan ,&nbsp;Usama Idrees ,&nbsp;Safa Nasir ,&nbsp;Fatima Naveed ,&nbsp;Aqsa Munir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Junaid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Rizwan Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ubaid Hussain ,&nbsp;Fathimathul henna ,&nbsp;Khansha Saeed ,&nbsp;Amin ul Haq ,&nbsp;Ali Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertension (HTN) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are prevalent cardiovascular disorders that significantly increase the risk of serious complications such as stroke and heart failure, leading to elevated mortality rates. Despite the established relationship between HTN and AF, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence on mortality trends and disparities across various demographic groups in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to analyze the nationwide mortality trends due to HTN-AF from 1999 to 2020 and to identify disparities across different demographics. The goals include understanding the impact of HTN-AF on public health and informing targeted screening and therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on mortality figures related to HTN and AF were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database. The analysis included age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and crude mortality rates (CMR) stratified by gender, age, race/ethnicity, and geographic regions. The Joinpoint software was used to analyze temporal trends in age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR). Data were obtained from publicly available multiple causes of death records via the CDC WONDER database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1999 to 2020, the AAMR due to hypertension-attributable factors rose sharply from 2.89 to 23.98 per 100,000 (APC: 4.8 %). Males had higher AAMRs than females, with Black or African American populations seeing the steepest increases. Regionally, the West had the highest AAMR, and rural areas experienced the most significant rise, with micropolitan areas showing the highest APC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HTN-AF mortality has been increasing steadily across all genders, races, and regions. The study underscores the importance of improving healthcare policies, bridging coverage gaps, and enhancing education and awareness to curb these alarming trends. Addressing the disparities in healthcare access and promoting cardiovascular health initiatives are crucial for reducing HTN-AF-related mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality rate of stroke and its determinants in Africa: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Addisu Getie ,&nbsp;Mihretie Gedfew ,&nbsp;Tegene Atamenta Kitaw ,&nbsp;Gizachew Yilak ,&nbsp;Melaku Bimerew","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Stroke is a significant clinical condition characterized by inadequate blood flow to the brain, resulting in cerebral function loss and potential death if not promptly treated. In developed countries, stroke incidence is decreasing due to efforts targeting risk factors like high blood pressure and smoking, though aging populations sustain high overall rates. Globally, stroke ranks among the top causes of death and disability, with Africa experiencing notably high stroke-related mortality rates. Understanding these trends and predictors is crucial for shaping effective healthcare strategies and interventions to reduce stroke mortality across the continent. Therefore, this umbrella review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of stroke mortality and its associated predictors in Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This umbrella review systematically synthesized findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on stroke mortality rates in Africa, following established methodology. Various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and others, were searched up to June 2024 for English-language studies reporting stroke mortality prevalence and determinants. Data were extracted using standardized methods in Excel, and study quality was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Heterogeneity was measured using Higgin's I² Statistics, and summary prevalence estimates were calculated with the Der Simonian-Laird random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed by visually inspecting funnel plots and conducting Egger's regression tests.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>In this umbrella review, data from nine systematic review and meta-analysis studies encompassed 341 primary studies with a total sample size of 170,501 stroke patients admitted to hospitals in Africa. The overall pooled prevalence of stroke mortality in Africa was 20.3 % (95 % CI: 17.3–23.2). Western Africa exhibited the highest prevalence at 27 % (95 % CI: 14.4–39.6), and hemorrhagic stroke patients had a notably higher mortality rate of 26.1 % (95 % CI: 24–28.3).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals significant variations in stroke mortality across Africa, with the highest prevalence reported in Western Africa and among hemorrhagic stroke patients. Factors associated with increased stroke mortality include severe neurological impairment (Glasgow Coma Scale &lt;8), aspiration pneumonia, older age, vascular disease, female gender, lack of aspirin treatment, reduced renal function, and diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors related to sleep quality in the adult population of Shahroud; Comparison of adjusted distributional and multivariable logistic regression analysis","authors":"Hajar Golbabaei Pasandi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Khosravi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Emamian ,&nbsp;Seyed Abbas Mousavi ,&nbsp;Hassan Hashemi ,&nbsp;Akbar Fotouhi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dichotomizing a continuous outcome, sleep quality score, is associated with loss of information, and bias. Here we compared the performance of dichotomizing sleep quality scores according to cut-point as outcome variable in multivariable logistic regression with using that as continuous outcome in an adjusted distributional method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, the data from the second phase of the Shahroud eye cohort study (ShECS) on 4710 adults were used. Sleep quality score using Pittsburg index was normalized using item response theory (IRT) method. Sleep quality score was used as a dichotomized variable in a logistic regression model and as a continuous variable in an adjusted distributional method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 44.9 % (95 %CI, 43.4–46.2). In the adjusted distributional model poor sleep quality was associated with female gender (OR = 2.08; 95 %CI: 1.9–2.2), old age (OR = 1.2; 95 %CI: 1.0–1.4), low economic status (OR = 1.3; 95 % CI: 1.1–1.4), Illiteracy (OR = 1.4; 95 %CI: 1.2–1.7), diabetes (OR = 1.1; 95 %CI: 1.0–1.2), hypertension (OR = 1.2; 95 %CI: 1.0–1.3) and tobacco smoking (OR = 1.2; 95 %CI: 1.1–1.4). There was no difference between the size and direction of the observed association between two competing models. The confidence interval of the ORs and the marginal differences in proportions of poor sleep quality for the diabetic and non-diabetic people using the distributional method was more precise (narrower confidence interval) than logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Using the adjusted distributional method based on linear regression instead of dichotomizing the continuous outcome in logistic regression leads to narrower and more precise CIs for ORs but size and direction of associations between two models are identical. Comparison between two models showed that statistical performance of two models is equals. In addition to increasing age, women have higher odds of poor sleep quality than men. Some other modifiable predictors such as smoking, diabetes, and hypertension can be investigated to improve sleep quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on explainable artificial intelligence for predicting dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Siddikur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Abu Bokkor Shiddik","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explainable artificial intelligence for predicting dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh using eco-climatic triggers,” presents an advance method on artificial intelligence (AI) in the integration of data science and epidemiology combining with machine learning (ML) techniques. We reflect here on XAI's vast implication in public health research. Its potential to inform climate sensitive diseases prediction in low level income settings. Dengue is one of the fastest growing public health challenge in densely populated and climate-sensitive regions like Bangladesh. We developed a novel framework on this study that combines predictive accuracy with interpretability and expandability against this fast growing health problem through XAI. It enables the actionable insights for early warning systems (EWS) and disease prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Mathematical modelling and time series clustering of Mpox outbreak: A comparative study of the top 10 affected countries and implications for future outbreak management’ [Global Epidemiology 10 (2025) 100214]","authors":"Mark-Daniels Tamakloe ,&nbsp;Ametus Kuuwill ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Osumanu ,&nbsp;Helina Siripi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical inference and effect measures in abstracts of major HIV and AIDS journals, 1987–2022: A systematic review","authors":"Andreas Stang ,&nbsp;Henning Schäfer ,&nbsp;Ahmad Idrissi-Yaghir ,&nbsp;Christoph M. Friedrich ,&nbsp;Matthew P. Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>With the emergence of HIV/AIDS journals, the development of the reporting of statistical inference and effect measures in published abstracts can be examined from the beginning in a new field. The aim of this study was to describe time trends of statistical inference and effect measure reporting of major HIV/AIDS journals</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 10 major HIV/AIDS journals and analyzed all available PubMed entries for the period 1987 through 2022. We applied rule-based text mining and machine learning methodology to detect the presence of confidence intervals, numerical <em>p</em>-values or comparisons of p-values with thresholds, language describing statistical significance, and effect measures for dichotomous outcomes</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 41,730 PubMed entries from the major HIV/AIDS journals, 31,665 contained an abstract. In the early years, most abstracts reporting statistical inference contained only significance terminology without confidence intervals and <em>p</em>-values. From 1988 to 2005, each year 30 % of all abstracts contained p-values without confidence intervals. Thereafter, this reporting style continued to decline. The reporting of confidence intervals increased steadily from 1988 (11 %) to 2022 (56 %). Of the 17 % of abstracts in 2017–2022 that included any effect measure, half reported odds ratios (51 %), followed by hazard ratios (28 %) and risk ratios (16 %). Difference measures and number needed to treat or harm were very uncommon</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Within the HIV/AIDS literature, there has been widespread use of confidence intervals. Most of the journals that we reviewed had a decrease in reporting only statistical significance without confidence intervals over time</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}