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Shifting equality from the margins: the Common European Asylum System and the making of trans rights in the European Union 从边缘转向平等:欧洲共同庇护制度与欧盟变性人权利的形成
IF 2.1 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000013
Amandine Le Bellec
This article investigates the role played by the main European cooperation mechanism on asylum, the Common European Asylum System, in the making of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex rights in the European Union. Based on a one-year qualitative inquiry in Brussels and online, it shows that European Union asylum policies were a key arena for the consolidation, invention and renegotiation of European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex rights, especially concerning trans recognition. This pioneering role, far from being fortuitous, was part of the conscious strategy of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex movement to use asylum as a ‘side door’ to the creation of a de facto recognition of ‘gender identity’ as a protected characteristic. Characterising this phenomenon as a ‘politics of interstices’ and analysing the importance of ignorance (and not just knowledge) as a tool for policy change, this article makes the case for an analysis of policymaking that acknowledges the importance of non-equality-specific arenas in the making of equality norms.
本文研究了欧洲庇护问题的主要合作机制--欧洲共同庇护体系--在欧盟女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和双性人权利的形成过程中所发挥的作用。根据在布鲁塞尔和网上进行的为期一年的定性调查,文章表明,欧盟庇护政策是巩固、发明和重新谈判欧盟女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和双性人权利的关键场所,特别是在变性人承认方面。这种先驱作用绝非偶然,而是女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和双性人运动有意识战略的一部分,即利用庇护作为 "侧门",创造一种事实上承认 "性别认同 "为受保护特征的做法。本文将这一现象定性为 "间隙政治",并分析了无知(而不仅仅是知识)作为政策变革工具的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Translating difference: whiteness, racialisation and queer migration in Berlin 翻译差异:柏林的白人、种族化和同性恋移民
IF 2.1 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000012
Tunay Altay
This article explores how the experiences of queer migration shape and inform racialisation, and how racial categories, such as ‘whiteness’ and ‘non-whiteness’, are employed by queer migrants from Turkey in relation to their narratives of belonging and non-belonging in Germany. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Berlin between 2018 and 2022, I aim to show how racism is ambiguously attached to migration and sexual difference, and how ideas of racial difference enable queer migrants to form political collectives and make their experience intelligible to themselves and others. Instead of approaching racialisation as an all-or-nothing finality, the participants often use narratives of non-belonging to distance themselves from the public majority (defined as ‘heterosexual’ and ‘white’) and employ hybrid minoritarian identities, such as ‘queer people of colour’, to translate their difference to other queer migrant and racialised groups in Berlin.
本文探讨了同性恋移民的经历是如何形成并影响种族化的,以及来自土耳其的同性恋移民是如何将 "白人 "和 "非白人 "等种族范畴用于他们在德国的归属和非归属叙事中的。通过2018年至2022年在柏林进行的实地调查,我旨在说明种族主义是如何模棱两可地与移民和性别差异联系在一起的,以及种族差异的观念是如何使同性恋移民形成政治集体,并使他们的经历为自己和他人所理解的。参与者并没有将种族化作为一种非此即彼的终极结论,而是经常使用非归属的叙事来拉开自己与公众多数(定义为 "异性恋 "和 "白人")的距离,并使用混合的少数派身份,如 "有色人种同性恋者",来向柏林的其他同性恋移民和种族化群体解释他们的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Translation as a cultural tool for mediating conflict in queer and feminist grassroots democratic coalitions in Denmark, Germany and Sweden 翻译作为调解丹麦、德国和瑞典酷儿和女权主义基层民主联盟冲突的文化工具
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000008
Nicole Doerr
In this article, I present the findings of a three-year qualitative research project studying feminist and queer activist groups that support refugees in Denmark, Germany and Sweden. My findings show how multilingual activists volunteered as linguistic interpreters to enable inclusive dialogue between refugees and host-country citizens in joint grassroots democratic coalition meetings. Based on interviews with different groups, I show that their linguistic-broker position gave these activists the leverage to challenge and bring to the attention of white-majority citizens the exclusionary dynamics of structural inequality and civic-status hierarchies that create tensions within supposedly open and inclusive joint meetings. By highlighting the critical, counter-hegemonic positionality of activist-translators in coalitions working on gender, the central contribution of my case study is to connect theories of translation and conflict mediation in transnational social movements with research that focuses on the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in intersectional coalitions.
在这篇文章中,我展示了一项为期三年的定性研究项目的结果,该项目研究了丹麦、德国和瑞典支持难民的女权主义者和酷儿活动家团体。我的研究结果显示,多语种活动人士如何自愿担任语言口译员,以便在基层民主联盟联合会议上实现难民和东道国公民之间的包容性对话。根据对不同群体的采访,我表明,他们的语言中间人地位给了这些活动家挑战和提请白人占多数的公民注意结构性不平等和公民地位等级制度的排斥性动态的杠杆作用,这些因素在本应开放和包容的联合会议中造成了紧张关系。通过强调积极译者在性别联盟中的批判性、反霸权地位,我的案例研究的核心贡献是将跨国社会运动中的翻译和冲突调解理论与关注交叉联盟中包容和排斥动态的研究联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s issues, critical actors and the media: substantive representation of women and gendered media coverage in South Korea 妇女问题、关键行动者和媒体:韩国妇女的实质性代表性和性别媒体报道
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000007
Jaemin Shim
The article investigates whether media coverage varies for male and female legislators with regards to their activities in promoting women’s interests. To test this, 30 key women’s-issue-promoting legislators in South Korea are selected, primarily based on their legislative significance within a women’s-issue bill co-sponsorship network between 2004 and 2016, and their various substantive representation efforts are analysed by examining 45 news outlets. Findings reveal that while receiving less media coverage than their male counterparts overall, female legislators have higher odds of receiving a more focused spotlight concerning women’s-issue-promotion efforts. However, the gendered media coverage was only driven by women’s issues with strong stereotypically feminine policy characteristics, for example, abortion, contraception and sexual harassment, and not by those with both feminine and masculine policy characteristics, such as childcare support and maternity leave. The article demonstrates the importance of media-bias conditionality and thus calls for a more nuanced approach to be taken in future research.
本文调查了媒体对男性和女性立法者在促进妇女利益方面的报道是否不同。为了验证这一点,我们选择了韩国30名主要的促进妇女问题的立法者,主要基于他们在2004年至2016年期间在妇女问题法案共同赞助网络中的立法意义,并通过对45家新闻媒体的调查,分析了他们的各种实质性代表努力。调查结果显示,虽然与男性议员相比,女性议员总体上获得的媒体报道较少,但她们在促进妇女问题方面获得更多关注的几率更高。然而,性别媒体的报道主要集中在具有强烈的女性化政策特征的妇女问题上,如堕胎、避孕和性骚扰,而不是同时具有女性化和男性化政策特征的问题上,如育儿支持和产假。这篇文章展示了媒体偏见条件的重要性,因此呼吁在未来的研究中采取更细致入微的方法。
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引用次数: 0
How anti-gender and gendered imagery translate the Great Replacement conspiracy theory in online far-right platforms 反性别和性别化的图像如何在网络极右翼平台上诠释“大更替”阴谋论
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000006
Eva Svatoňová, Nicole Doerr
This article is based on a case study of online media practices of the Czech far-right group Angry Mothers, the biggest far-right Facebook group in the Czech political context in 2018. We show how the group used visual storytelling to translate the narratives of the Great Replacement conspiracy theory, which has become one of the most dominant narratives in European and US far-right discourses over recent years. The conspiracy theory was introduced in the book Le Grande Replacement by Renaud Camus in 2011 and claims that powerful Jewish elites use their financial resources to promote ‘Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual + (LGBTQIA+) and gender ideologies’ and multiculturalism to destroy the white race, which will eventually die out. Based on theories of translation and visual storytelling, we demonstrate how the main tropes of its anti-Semitic narrative were diffused through the use of images stigmatising LGBTQIA+ people and other minorities in online communications of the Czech far-right group Angry Mothers.
本文基于捷克极右翼组织“愤怒的母亲”的网络媒体实践案例研究,该组织是2018年捷克政治背景下最大的极右翼Facebook组织。我们展示了该组织如何使用视觉叙事来翻译“大替代”阴谋论的叙事,该理论近年来已成为欧洲和美国极右翼话语中最主要的叙事之一。这个阴谋论是在2011年雷诺·加缪的著作《大替换》(Le Grande Replacement)中提出的,它声称强大的犹太精英们利用他们的财力来推广“女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人、酷儿、双性人、无性恋+ (LGBTQIA+)和性别意识形态”和多元文化主义,以摧毁白人种族,最终灭绝。基于翻译理论和视觉叙事,我们展示了捷克极右翼组织“愤怒的母亲”(Angry Mothers)在网络交流中如何通过使用侮辱LGBTQIA+人群和其他少数群体的图像来传播其反犹太叙事的主要修辞。
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引用次数: 0
Emphasised, feared, despised and hegemonic: images of femininity in the US far-right digital ecosystem on Telegram channels 强调、恐惧、鄙视和霸权:美国极右翼数字生态系统中Telegram频道上的女性形象
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000001
Nicole Doerr, Eva Svatoňová
In this article, we deliver an empirical analysis of far-right visualisations of womanhood on US Telegram channels. Previous studies show that the far right, which increasingly engages in misogynist, anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rhetoric, and opposition to feminism, is marked by the growing involvement of women in the roles of political leaders. Such engagement by women within the far right causes an ‘image problem’, as it makes the traditional gender image of wifely submission less convincing. Our analysis of images of womanhood shared on US far-right Telegram channels shows how far-right images of ‘approved’ performances of womanhood include transgressive gender performances of hegemonic femininity that are in conflict with conservative representations of womanhood in traditional nationalist ideology. Our findings also show how hateful images of liberal, non-binary and minority women serve as a tool for the construction of a variety of ‘approved’ far-right identity images of hegemonic femininity.
在本文中,我们对美国电报频道上的极右翼女性形象进行了实证分析。先前的研究表明,越来越多地参与厌女、反女同性恋、反男同性恋、双性恋和变性言论以及反对女权主义的极右翼,其特征是女性越来越多地参与政治领导人的角色。极右翼女性的这种参与导致了“形象问题”,因为它使传统的妻子顺从的性别形象变得不那么令人信服。我们对美国极右翼电报频道上分享的女性形象的分析表明,“被认可的”女性形象的极右翼形象如何包括霸权女性气质的越界性别表现,这与传统民族主义意识形态中对女性的保守表现相冲突。我们的研究结果还表明,自由主义、非二元和少数族裔女性的可憎形象是如何成为构建各种“被认可的”极右翼女性霸权身份形象的工具的。
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引用次数: 0
The role of political engagement of parents in reducing the gender gap in political self-efficacy 父母政治参与在缩小政治自我效能的性别差异中的作用
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000005
Elina Kestilä-Kekkonen, Josefina Sipinen, Lauri Rapeli, Salla Vadén
Compared with European men, the political self-efficacy of European women is significantly lower: in all European countries, women are generally more pessimistic about their abilities to understand, influence or participate in politics. Yet, we know surprisingly little about how political self-efficacy develops in general and about what explains the gender gap in particular. In this article, we set out to explore to what extent political self-efficacy is strengthened or weakened through observing parents’ political engagement and to what extent this is gender based. We will investigate this impact both overall and by gender, specifically examining the separate influences of the mother and the father, as well as their respective roles in shaping the political self-efficacy of women and men. Our findings suggest that maternal influence exceeds that of the father. While experiences of both an engaged mother and an engaged father increase the likelihood of high levels of political self-efficacy, we find that the experience of a politically engaged mother, in particular, reduces the likelihood of low levels of political self-efficacy in adulthood.
与欧洲男性相比,欧洲女性的政治自我效能明显较低:在所有欧洲国家中,女性对自己理解、影响或参与政治的能力普遍更为悲观。然而,令人惊讶的是,我们对政治自我效能感总体上是如何发展的,特别是对性别差距的解释却知之甚少。在这篇文章中,我们开始通过观察父母的政治参与来探索政治自我效能在多大程度上被加强或削弱,以及在多大程度上是基于性别的。我们将从整体和性别两方面调查这种影响,具体考察母亲和父亲的单独影响,以及他们各自在塑造女性和男性政治自我效能方面的作用。我们的研究结果表明,母亲的影响超过了父亲。虽然母亲和父亲的订婚经历都增加了政治自我效能高水平的可能性,但我们发现,特别是母亲的政治经历,降低了成年后政治自我效能低水平的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Young women and the Women, Peace and Security agenda 青年妇女与妇女、和平与安全议程
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000003
Katrina Lee-Koo
This article demonstrates the absence of young women in the formal global architecture of the United Nations Security Council’s Women, Peace and Security agenda. It shows that there is little meaningful engagement with young women in the ten Women, Peace and Security resolutions and subsequently in the Women, Peace and Security national action plans designed by United Nations member states to implement the agenda. This article argues that the failure to explicitly consider young women undermines the intergenerational sustainability of the agenda, misses an opportunity to align Women, Peace and Security with the more recent Youth, Peace and Security agenda, and discourages inclusive thinking regarding the unique ways in which young women experience conflict and contribute to peace. In doing so, the article contributes to the growing voices advocating for a more inclusive approach to Women, Peace and Security, and makes a case for how young women’s explicit inclusion can strengthen the agenda.
这篇文章表明,在联合国安全理事会妇女、和平与安全议程的正式全球架构中,年轻女性的缺席。报告显示,在《妇女、和平与安全》的十项决议中,以及随后联合国成员国为执行该议程而制定的《妇女、和平与安全》国家行动计划中,年轻女性的参与几乎没有意义。本文认为,未能明确考虑年轻女性会破坏议程的代际可持续性,错失了将妇女、和平与安全与最近的青年、和平与安全议程结合起来的机会,并阻碍了对年轻女性经历冲突并为和平做出贡献的独特方式的包容性思考。在此过程中,本文为倡导对妇女、和平与安全采取更具包容性方法的呼声做出了贡献,并阐述了青年妇女的明确参与如何加强议程。
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引用次数: 0
Representation as privilege or burden: centring pay to achieve gender parity and ‘diversity’ in local government 代表是特权还是负担:集中薪酬以实现地方政府的性别平等和“多样性”
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000004
Tanya Jakimow, Kat Henaway
A lack of diversity within local government in Australia and globally is recognised as a problem. Government efforts to increase the representation of women, youth, racialised minorities, people with disabilities and so on do not, however, address a major impediment to their participation: inadequate remuneration. In this article, we present data from a survey, interviews and ethnographic research to reveal the consequences of not paying councillors a living wage. A lens of critical volunteerism exposes the ways in which women are encouraged to become councillors as an extension of community activities, only to be underpaid for their labour. We argue that encouraging under-represented groups to contest for a place on councils without increasing the financial feasibility of them occupying the role will not only fail to address a lack of diversity on New South Wales councils but put too heavy a burden of representation on people least able to bear the costs.
澳大利亚和全球地方政府内部缺乏多样性被认为是一个问题。然而,政府为增加妇女、青年、种族化的少数民族、残疾人等的代表性所作的努力并没有解决阻碍他们参与的一个主要障碍:报酬不足。在这篇文章中,我们展示了来自调查、访谈和人种学研究的数据,以揭示不向议员支付生活工资的后果。批判性志愿服务的镜头揭示了鼓励妇女成为议员的方式,作为社区活动的延伸,结果她们的劳动报酬过低。我们认为,鼓励代表性不足的群体竞争议会席位,而不增加他们占据该角色的财务可行性,不仅不能解决新南威尔士州议会缺乏多样性的问题,而且会给最无力承担成本的人带来过重的代表性负担。
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引用次数: 0
Gendered issue priorities and the radical-right vote: is there a (mis)match? 性别问题的优先权和极右翼的选票:是否存在(错误的)匹配?
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1332/251510821x16909892610789
Álvaro Calvo, Mónica Ferrín
Recent studies emphasise gender attitudes as an explanation for the gender gap in the radical-right vote. However, little is known on whether the (mis)match between the issues that are given the most salience by radical-right parties and (wo)men’s issue priorities accounts for the gender gap in the radical-right vote. Merging a large series of barometers conducted in Spain, including more than 9,000 radical-right voters from January 2020 to March 2023, we find that issue priorities are gendered and that VOX’s support is mainly driven by male issues. Also, importantly, regional nationalism and gender – two of VOX’s flagship issues – affect women’s and men’s probability of voting for VOX differently. These findings indicate that the main determinants of voting for VOX are largely driven by men, not women.
最近的研究强调性别态度是激进右翼投票中性别差异的一个解释。然而,对于极右翼政党最关注的问题与男性优先关注的问题之间的(错误)匹配是否解释了极右翼投票中的性别差距,人们知之甚少。我们综合了2020年1月至2023年3月期间在西班牙进行的包括9000多名极右翼选民在内的大量晴雨表,发现问题优先级是性别化的,VOX的支持主要是由男性问题驱动的。此外,重要的是,地区民族主义和性别——VOX的两个主要问题——对女性和男性投票给VOX的可能性的影响是不同的。这些发现表明,投票给VOX的主要决定因素主要是男性,而不是女性。
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引用次数: 0
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European Journal of Politics and Gender
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