Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87140-6_1
Christina Julios
{"title":"Introduction: The Politics of Sexual Harassment","authors":"Christina Julios","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-87140-6_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87140-6_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90831932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87140-6_6
Christina Julios
{"title":"Sexual Harassment Beyond British Politics","authors":"Christina Julios","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-87140-6_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87140-6_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72728417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1332/251510821x16250577496715
Khursheed Wadia
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements","authors":"Khursheed Wadia","doi":"10.1332/251510821x16250577496715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510821x16250577496715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80047092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820x15930994869878
E. Gidengil, D. Stolle
This article compares two different measures of gender identity. Drawing on an online survey conducted with a representative sample of Americans that included both a single bipolar scale and separate masculinity and femininity scales, we compare how the same people respond depending on how gender identity is measured. The results of validation tests suggest that a single bipolar scale performs just as well in differentiating among those with sex-typical gender identities but separate masculinity and femininity scales are needed for studies investigating the political behaviour and preferences of those with sex-atypical identities.
{"title":"Comparing self-categorisation approaches to measuring gender identity","authors":"E. Gidengil, D. Stolle","doi":"10.1332/251510820x15930994869878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15930994869878","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares two different measures of gender identity. Drawing on an online survey conducted with a representative sample of Americans that included both a single bipolar scale and separate masculinity and femininity scales, we compare how the same people respond depending\u0000 on how gender identity is measured. The results of validation tests suggest that a single bipolar scale performs just as well in differentiating among those with sex-typical gender identities but separate masculinity and femininity scales are needed for studies investigating the political\u0000 behaviour and preferences of those with sex-atypical identities.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86738532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820x15978605298709
Elias Markstedt, Lena Wängnerud, Maria Solevid, Monika Djerf-Pierre
The rationale for this study is that self-categorising rating scales are becoming increasingly popular in large-scale survey research moving beyond binary ways of measuring gender. We are referring here to the use of rating scales that are similar to graded scales capturing left–right or liberal–conservative political ideology, that is, scales that do not include predefinitions of the core concepts (femininity/masculinity, as compared to left/right or liberal/conservative). Yet, previous studies including such non-binary gender measures have paid little attention to potential effects of survey designs. Using an experimental set-up, we are able to show that sequencing of gender measurements influences the answers received. Men were especially affected by our treatments and rated themselves as significantly ‘less masculine’ when prompted to reason about the meaning of gender prior to self-categorisation on scales measuring degrees of femininity and masculinity. Moreover, self-categorising seems to trigger more biological understandings of gender than anticipated in theory.
{"title":"The subjective meaning of gender: how survey designs affect perceptions of femininity and masculinity","authors":"Elias Markstedt, Lena Wängnerud, Maria Solevid, Monika Djerf-Pierre","doi":"10.1332/251510820x15978605298709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15978605298709","url":null,"abstract":"The rationale for this study is that self-categorising rating scales are becoming increasingly popular in large-scale survey research moving beyond binary ways of measuring gender. We are referring here to the use of rating scales that are similar to graded scales capturing left–right\u0000 or liberal–conservative political ideology, that is, scales that do not include predefinitions of the core concepts (femininity/masculinity, as compared to left/right or liberal/conservative). Yet, previous studies including such non-binary gender measures have paid little attention\u0000 to potential effects of survey designs. Using an experimental set-up, we are able to show that sequencing of gender measurements influences the answers received. Men were especially affected by our treatments and rated themselves as significantly ‘less masculine’ when prompted\u0000 to reason about the meaning of gender prior to self-categorisation on scales measuring degrees of femininity and masculinity. Moreover, self-categorising seems to trigger more biological understandings of gender than anticipated in theory.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74882592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820x15978604738684
Maria Solevid, Lena Wängnerud, Monika Djerf-Pierre, Elias Markstedt
Across surveys and regardless of controls, women in many Western countries are consistently more politically left-leaning than men. More recently, however, innovative measures of non-binary gender identity suggest important heterogeneity in political attitudes within the categories of ‘women’ and ‘men’. Building from this, we study the direct and conditional associations between sex and non-binary gender on two political attitude dimensions: (1) left–right ideology; and (2) green/alternative/liberal versus traditionalist/authoritarian/nationalist opinions. Using a Swedish population-based survey from 2013, we find no evidence that political attitudes vary by non-binary gender identity alone, and only weak evidence that political attitudes vary by sex. However, supporting our conditional hypotheses, we find that gender (non)conformity matters significantly. Specifically, men with many masculine traits and women with many feminine traits stand more to the right and show more traditionalist/authoritarian/nationalist opinions than men and women who are less gender conforming.
{"title":"Gender gaps in political attitudes revisited: the conditional influence of non-binary gender on left–right ideology and GAL-TAN opinions","authors":"Maria Solevid, Lena Wängnerud, Monika Djerf-Pierre, Elias Markstedt","doi":"10.1332/251510820x15978604738684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15978604738684","url":null,"abstract":"Across surveys and regardless of controls, women in many Western countries are consistently more politically left-leaning than men. More recently, however, innovative measures of non-binary gender identity suggest important heterogeneity in political attitudes within the categories of ‘women’ and ‘men’. Building from this, we study the direct and conditional associations between sex and non-binary gender on two political attitude dimensions: (1) left–right ideology; and (2) green/alternative/liberal versus traditionalist/authoritarian/nationalist opinions. Using a Swedish population-based survey from 2013, we find no evidence that political attitudes vary by non-binary gender identity alone, and only weak evidence that political attitudes vary by sex. However, supporting our conditional hypotheses, we find that gender (non)conformity matters significantly. Specifically, men with many masculine traits and women with many feminine traits stand more to the right and show more traditionalist/authoritarian/nationalist opinions than men and women who are less gender conforming.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74301359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820X16062293641763
Amy C. Alexander, Catherine Bolzendahl, Patrik Öhberg
This study offers a multidimensional analysis of individuals’ self-assessments of their masculine and feminine characteristics to better understand variation from more to less binary gender identities. Through gender’s co-constitution along with various social localities, we expect that a number of socio-political factors differentiate individuals’ gender identities through self-assessments of their masculine and feminine characteristics. Using data from a 2013 Swedish survey, our results show that men and women tend towards traditionally polarised gender identities and that social location is a particularly influential correlate of men’s claims of feminine characteristics and women’s of masculine characteristics. Individuals from younger generations and individuals who are more educated are consistently more likely to ascribe to less binary feminine and masculine characteristics. This suggests that generational replacement and higher education may increase the tendency of populations to ascribe to less binary gender identities.
{"title":"Gender, socio-political cleavages and the co-constitution of gender identities: a multidimensional analysis of self-assessed masculine and feminine characteristics","authors":"Amy C. Alexander, Catherine Bolzendahl, Patrik Öhberg","doi":"10.1332/251510820X16062293641763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820X16062293641763","url":null,"abstract":"This study offers a multidimensional analysis of individuals’ self-assessments of their masculine and feminine characteristics to better understand variation from more to less binary gender identities. Through gender’s co-constitution along with various social localities,\u0000 we expect that a number of socio-political factors differentiate individuals’ gender identities through self-assessments of their masculine and feminine characteristics. Using data from a 2013 Swedish survey, our results show that men and women tend towards traditionally polarised gender\u0000 identities and that social location is a particularly influential correlate of men’s claims of feminine characteristics and women’s of masculine characteristics. Individuals from younger generations and individuals who are more educated are consistently more likely to ascribe to\u0000 less binary feminine and masculine characteristics. This suggests that generational replacement and higher education may increase the tendency of populations to ascribe to less binary gender identities.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90661215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820x15995647280686
Aliya Saperstein, Laurel Westbrook
Demands for recognition of gender diversity and transgender people are growing. We tested non-binary sex and gender measures using nationally representative samples of US adults to assess feasibility for general population surveys. We find more support for a two-step categorical approach, with separate questions about natal sex and gender identity, than for a single question assessing transgender status as the latter was less reliable within our online surveys and over time. We also consider the challenge of determining measurement reliability for fluid characteristics and argue that using categorical and gradational gender measures in combination should become standard practice.
{"title":"Categorical and gradational: alternative survey measures of sex and gender","authors":"Aliya Saperstein, Laurel Westbrook","doi":"10.1332/251510820x15995647280686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15995647280686","url":null,"abstract":"Demands for recognition of gender diversity and transgender people are growing. We tested non-binary sex and gender measures using nationally representative samples of US adults to assess feasibility for general population surveys. We find more support for a two-step categorical approach,\u0000 with separate questions about natal sex and gender identity, than for a single question assessing transgender status as the latter was less reliable within our online surveys and over time. We also consider the challenge of determining measurement reliability for fluid characteristics and\u0000 argue that using categorical and gradational gender measures in combination should become standard practice.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80865326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820x15998283361678
Elin Naurin, Elias Markstedt, D. Stolle, H. Elden, V. Sengpiel, Karolina Lindén
How stable is gender identity when facing important gendered life events? In the study of gender identity, little research has focused on adulthood experiences that might modify or reinforce self-perceptions of gender traits. This article uses pregnancy and early parenthood to study stability and change in self-perceived female and male traits. We make use of data from a large-scale citizen panel in Sweden that tracks respondents who eventually become pregnant. The overall conclusion is that self-perceptions of gender traits are mostly stable throughout pregnancy and early parenthood in the comparatively gender-equal context of Sweden.
{"title":"Does transition to parenthood affect gender traits? The effect of pregnancy on perceived female and male traits","authors":"Elin Naurin, Elias Markstedt, D. Stolle, H. Elden, V. Sengpiel, Karolina Lindén","doi":"10.1332/251510820x15998283361678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15998283361678","url":null,"abstract":"How stable is gender identity when facing important gendered life events? In the study of gender identity, little research has focused on adulthood experiences that might modify or reinforce self-perceptions of gender traits. This article uses pregnancy and early parenthood to study\u0000 stability and change in self-perceived female and male traits. We make use of data from a large-scale citizen panel in Sweden that tracks respondents who eventually become pregnant. The overall conclusion is that self-perceptions of gender traits are mostly stable throughout pregnancy and\u0000 early parenthood in the comparatively gender-equal context of Sweden.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87410376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1332/251510820x15991530007006
H. Coffé, Catherine Bolzendahl
Most research studying gender and political participation fails to problematise the measure of gender identity. Using 2012/13 Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel survey data, we investigate how gender-socialised personality traits relate to various types of political engagement. Baseline models show that, when significant, self-assessed socialised agentic/masculine traits are positively, and communal/feminine traits are negatively, related to political engagement, though only to activist types of engagement. Multivariate analyses reveal the positive link between agentic/masculine traits and very agentic forms of activity, including engaging with political parties and politicians and going to public hearings. Furthermore, the categorial gender/sex gap in participation matters independently of agentic/masculine traits and communal/feminine traits but the direction and size of the gap differs depending on the type of engagement considered.
{"title":"Are all politics masculine? Gender socialised personality traits and diversity in political engagement","authors":"H. Coffé, Catherine Bolzendahl","doi":"10.1332/251510820x15991530007006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/251510820x15991530007006","url":null,"abstract":"Most research studying gender and political participation fails to problematise the measure of gender identity. Using 2012/13 Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel survey data, we investigate how gender-socialised personality traits relate to various types\u0000 of political engagement. Baseline models show that, when significant, self-assessed socialised agentic/masculine traits are positively, and communal/feminine traits are negatively, related to political engagement, though only to activist types of engagement. Multivariate analyses reveal the\u0000 positive link between agentic/masculine traits and very agentic forms of activity, including engaging with political parties and politicians and going to public hearings. Furthermore, the categorial gender/sex gap in participation matters independently of agentic/masculine traits and communal/feminine\u0000 traits but the direction and size of the gap differs depending on the type of engagement considered.","PeriodicalId":36315,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Politics and Gender","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84736172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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