Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.34
Andrew Sortwell, Pedro Forte, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Kevin Trimble, Kylie Steel, K. O’Brien, Henrique P Neiva, Daniel A. Marinho, Ricardo Ferraz
Background: The development of proficiency in motor performance skills (MPS) builds the foundation for the complex movement skills required to participate in a range of sports and physical activities throughout the lifespan. Objective: To assess the efficacy of different intervention approaches on developing MPS proficiency in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and examine the intervention factors that influence change. Method: Searches were completed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) up to March 2022. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled trials (CTs), that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions on overall MPS proficiency or specific MPS such as balance, running speed and agility, bilateral coordination, jumping, ball skills and push-ups in children (4–13 years old) were included. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses. The effect sizes were reported as Hedges’ g. Using a random-effects model, potential sources of heterogeneity were identified, including subgroup analyses (type of intervention), and single training factor analysis (total number of weeks, session frequency, total intervention time, total number of training sessions). In addition, a multivariate meta-regression calculation was performed for balance. The GRADE framework was applied to assess certainty of evidence. Results: Seventeen interventions (13 RCTs and 4 CTs) revealed significant differences among groups favouring the intervention group with moderate to very large effects. Significant (p 0.05) small-to-large effects of interventions were evident on overall motor performance skills (ES = 2.43), ball skills (ES = 2.95), jumping (ES = 1.89), bilateral coordination (ES = 2.21), push-ups (ES = 1.92), balance (ES = 1.56), running speed and agility (ES = 1.31). Multivariate meta-regression for balance revealed that total sessions, total intervention time and session frequency predicted (p = 0.009, p0.001, p = 0.036, respectively) the effects of interventions on change in balance performance. Conclusion: Structured interventions that explicitly teach traditional FMS or promote the development and learning of movement skills specifically associated with a type of physical activity or sport, effectively improve MPS in children with ASD. Education settings should implement ‘planned’ movement experiences or interventions as a strategy to promote MPS proficiency in children with ASD.
背景：运动表现技能（MPS）熟练程度的发展为终身参与一系列运动和体育活动所需的复杂运动技能奠定了基础。目的：评价不同干预方法对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童MPS能力发展的影响，并探讨影响其变化的干预因素。方法：截至2022年3月，在三个数据库（PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science）中完成搜索。仅包括随机对照试验（RCT）或对照试验（CT），这些试验评估了干预措施对儿童（4-13岁）总体MPS熟练程度或特定MPS的有效性，如平衡、跑步速度和灵活性、双侧协调、跳跃、球技和俯卧撑。使用DerSimonian和Laird随机效应模型来计算荟萃分析。效应大小报告为Hedges’g。使用随机效应模型，确定了异质性的潜在来源，包括亚组分析（干预类型）和单训练因素分析（总周数、训练频率、总干预时间、训练次数）。此外，对平衡进行了多元元回归计算。GRADE框架用于评估证据的确定性。结果：17项干预措施（13项随机对照试验和4项CT）显示，支持干预组的各组之间存在显著差异，效果为中度至非常大。干预措施对整体运动表现技能（ES=2.43）、球技（ES=2.95）、跳跃（ES=1.89）、双侧协调（ES=2.21）、俯卧撑（ES=1.92）、平衡（ES=1.56）、跑步速度和敏捷性（ES=1.31）的小到大影响显著（p0.05），总干预时间和会话频率预测（分别为p=0.009、p0.001、p=0.036）干预对平衡表现变化的影响。结论：明确教授传统FMS或促进与某种体育活动或运动相关的运动技能的发展和学习的结构化干预措施，可有效改善ASD儿童的MPS。教育环境应实施“有计划的”运动体验或干预措施，作为提高自闭症谱系障碍儿童MPS熟练程度的策略。
{"title":"Interventions to Promote the Development of Motor Performance Skills in Primary School Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials","authors":"Andrew Sortwell, Pedro Forte, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Kevin Trimble, Kylie Steel, K. O’Brien, Henrique P Neiva, Daniel A. Marinho, Ricardo Ferraz","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of proficiency in motor performance skills (MPS) builds the foundation for the complex movement skills required to participate in a range of sports and physical activities throughout the lifespan. Objective: To assess the efficacy of different intervention approaches on developing MPS proficiency in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and examine the intervention factors that influence change. Method: Searches were completed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) up to March 2022. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled trials (CTs), that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions on overall MPS proficiency or specific MPS such as balance, running speed and agility, bilateral coordination, jumping, ball skills and push-ups in children (4–13 years old) were included. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses. The effect sizes were reported as Hedges’ g. Using a random-effects model, potential sources of heterogeneity were identified, including subgroup analyses (type of intervention), and single training factor analysis (total number of weeks, session frequency, total intervention time, total number of training sessions). In addition, a multivariate meta-regression calculation was performed for balance. The GRADE framework was applied to assess certainty of evidence. Results: Seventeen interventions (13 RCTs and 4 CTs) revealed significant differences among groups favouring the intervention group with moderate to very large effects. Significant (p 0.05) small-to-large effects of interventions were evident on overall motor performance skills (ES = 2.43), ball skills (ES = 2.95), jumping (ES = 1.89), bilateral coordination (ES = 2.21), push-ups (ES = 1.92), balance (ES = 1.56), running speed and agility (ES = 1.31). Multivariate meta-regression for balance revealed that total sessions, total intervention time and session frequency predicted (p = 0.009, p0.001, p = 0.036, respectively) the effects of interventions on change in balance performance. Conclusion: Structured interventions that explicitly teach traditional FMS or promote the development and learning of movement skills specifically associated with a type of physical activity or sport, effectively improve MPS in children with ASD. Education settings should implement ‘planned’ movement experiences or interventions as a strategy to promote MPS proficiency in children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41579437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.1
Megan E Rush, Thomas Littlefield, Ayden K. McInnis, Paul T. Donahue
Background: The vertical jump task is a critical component of success in volleyball. Each position on the court has its own physical demands and has differing levels of vertical jump task demands. Objective: Thus, the objective of this investigation was to compare vertical jump performance between the two positional groups using the countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ). Methods: Using an observational cross-sectional study design, nineteen NCAA Division I female volleyball athletes participated in this investigation. Participants first performed three CMJ trials followed by 3 SJ trials on a force platform. Jump height, peak and mean net propulsive forces, and time to take off were calculated for both the CMJ and SJ. Reactive strength index modified and propulsive duration were additionally calculated for the CMJ and average RFD for the SJ. Independent sample t-tests were performed comparing positional groups on each variable of interest with Hedges g effect sizes additionally calculated. Results: No statistically significant differences (p 0.05) were found between any of the variables of interest in the CMJ though moderate effect sizes were seen in jump height (g =0.78). No statistically significant differences were present in the SJ though moderate effect sizes were seen in RFD (g = 0.65), mean propulsive force (g = 0.79) and peak propulsive force (g = 0.66). Discussion: As the vertical jump task is a critical task for high-level performance in both positions, and the no differences seen between groups, training programs should be designed to improve jump performance with special attention to the individual athletes’ needs rather than the specifics of the playing position.
{"title":"Positional Comparison of Jump Performance in NCAA Division I Female Volleyball Athletes","authors":"Megan E Rush, Thomas Littlefield, Ayden K. McInnis, Paul T. Donahue","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The vertical jump task is a critical component of success in volleyball. Each position on the court has its own physical demands and has differing levels of vertical jump task demands. Objective: Thus, the objective of this investigation was to compare vertical jump performance between the two positional groups using the countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ). Methods: Using an observational cross-sectional study design, nineteen NCAA Division I female volleyball athletes participated in this investigation. Participants first performed three CMJ trials followed by 3 SJ trials on a force platform. Jump height, peak and mean net propulsive forces, and time to take off were calculated for both the CMJ and SJ. Reactive strength index modified and propulsive duration were additionally calculated for the CMJ and average RFD for the SJ. Independent sample t-tests were performed comparing positional groups on each variable of interest with Hedges g effect sizes additionally calculated. Results: No statistically significant differences (p 0.05) were found between any of the variables of interest in the CMJ though moderate effect sizes were seen in jump height (g =0.78). No statistically significant differences were present in the SJ though moderate effect sizes were seen in RFD (g = 0.65), mean propulsive force (g = 0.79) and peak propulsive force (g = 0.66). Discussion: As the vertical jump task is a critical task for high-level performance in both positions, and the no differences seen between groups, training programs should be designed to improve jump performance with special attention to the individual athletes’ needs rather than the specifics of the playing position.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.25
Nita Bandyopadhyay, T. Das
Background: The advancement of technology and medical science has prolonged the longevity of humans, compelling each individual to deal with old age. New health issues are cropping up, especially since lifestyle has become sedentary. Regular physical exercises are the only option for healthy aging. Purpose: The study observed the effect of 10 weeks planned community-based multicomponent exercise program (CBMCEP) on selected physiological variables of elderly women in the Indian sub-urban area. Methodology: A quasi-experimental investigation was carried out in 2019 with 30 sedentary women volunteer of 55-65 years from the middle socio-economic class who were purposively assigned into experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group was given 10 weeks- 4 days/week of CBMCEP in a progressive manner that included brisk walking, resistance exercise, balance, flexibility exercise and recreational activities of 80-90 minutes duration. The control group was not exposed to such a program. Pre and post-test were conducted on physiological variables like Resting Heart Rate (RHR), Resting blood pressure (Systolic- SDP; Diastolic- DBP), Postprandial Blood Sugar level (BSpp), and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) by the registered medical practitioner. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by independent t-test for baseline differences between the groups and paired sample t-test to obtain the CBMCEP effect on dependent variables. Result: Statistical analysis revealed 10 weeks of CBMCEP can significantly reduce the RHR (p=0.003), SBP (p=0.039), DBP (p=0.052), BSpp level (p=0.015), and Hb concentration (p=0.009). Conclusion: The CBMCEP can promote significant improvement in the physiological health of elderly women. Further, it was noted that fitness experts may implement such cost-effective CBMCEP to ensure the healthy aging of a nation.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Ten Weeks Community-Based Multicomponent Exercise Program on Physiological Health of Elderly Women","authors":"Nita Bandyopadhyay, T. Das","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The advancement of technology and medical science has prolonged the longevity of humans, compelling each individual to deal with old age. New health issues are cropping up, especially since lifestyle has become sedentary. Regular physical exercises are the only option for healthy aging. Purpose: The study observed the effect of 10 weeks planned community-based multicomponent exercise program (CBMCEP) on selected physiological variables of elderly women in the Indian sub-urban area. Methodology: A quasi-experimental investigation was carried out in 2019 with 30 sedentary women volunteer of 55-65 years from the middle socio-economic class who were purposively assigned into experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group was given 10 weeks- 4 days/week of CBMCEP in a progressive manner that included brisk walking, resistance exercise, balance, flexibility exercise and recreational activities of 80-90 minutes duration. The control group was not exposed to such a program. Pre and post-test were conducted on physiological variables like Resting Heart Rate (RHR), Resting blood pressure (Systolic- SDP; Diastolic- DBP), Postprandial Blood Sugar level (BSpp), and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) by the registered medical practitioner. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by independent t-test for baseline differences between the groups and paired sample t-test to obtain the CBMCEP effect on dependent variables. Result: Statistical analysis revealed 10 weeks of CBMCEP can significantly reduce the RHR (p=0.003), SBP (p=0.039), DBP (p=0.052), BSpp level (p=0.015), and Hb concentration (p=0.009). Conclusion: The CBMCEP can promote significant improvement in the physiological health of elderly women. Further, it was noted that fitness experts may implement such cost-effective CBMCEP to ensure the healthy aging of a nation.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.64
Cameron D. Addie, Richard S. Farley, S. Stevens, Halle J. Brandt, Jocelyn E. Arnett, Jennifer L. Caputo
Background: Plyometric training programs may be performed on a hard surface or a soft surface to target specific training adaptations and enhance jump performance. However, it is unknown how surface compliance impacts jump performance. Objective: To compare changes in horizontal lower body power following a 6-week plyometric training program performed on a soft surface (n = 9) and a hard surface (n = 11). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. University students (N = 20; males = 11, females = 9; age: 20.4 ± 3.7 yr; body mass: 68.4 ± 12.5 kg; height 1.7 ± 0.1 m) with a history of being physically active volunteered to participate. Participants performed an initial pre-test standing long jump (SLJ), measured in centimeters (cm), then went through an accommodation period to be familiarized with training demands. A post-accommodation pre-test for SLJ was then completed. After the accommodation period, a 6-week plyometric training program was conducted. Following the completion of the training, a post-test was performed. The SLJ distance was analyzed with a 2 (surface) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no interaction for surface, but there was a main effect for time. Both training groups improved jump distance from pre- (soft surface = 191.6 ± 34.6 cm, hard surface = 216.1 ± 25.4 cm) to post-test (soft surface = 205.7 ± 38.8 cm, hard surface = 227.2 ± 23.4 cm). Conclusion: Practitioners designing plyometric training programs to increase lower body horizontal power may perform the training sessions on a soft surface or a hard surface and see similar improvements in horizontal jump performance.
{"title":"The Effects of Surface Composition on 6-weeks of Plyometric Training","authors":"Cameron D. Addie, Richard S. Farley, S. Stevens, Halle J. Brandt, Jocelyn E. Arnett, Jennifer L. Caputo","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plyometric training programs may be performed on a hard surface or a soft surface to target specific training adaptations and enhance jump performance. However, it is unknown how surface compliance impacts jump performance. Objective: To compare changes in horizontal lower body power following a 6-week plyometric training program performed on a soft surface (n = 9) and a hard surface (n = 11). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. University students (N = 20; males = 11, females = 9; age: 20.4 ± 3.7 yr; body mass: 68.4 ± 12.5 kg; height 1.7 ± 0.1 m) with a history of being physically active volunteered to participate. Participants performed an initial pre-test standing long jump (SLJ), measured in centimeters (cm), then went through an accommodation period to be familiarized with training demands. A post-accommodation pre-test for SLJ was then completed. After the accommodation period, a 6-week plyometric training program was conducted. Following the completion of the training, a post-test was performed. The SLJ distance was analyzed with a 2 (surface) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no interaction for surface, but there was a main effect for time. Both training groups improved jump distance from pre- (soft surface = 191.6 ± 34.6 cm, hard surface = 216.1 ± 25.4 cm) to post-test (soft surface = 205.7 ± 38.8 cm, hard surface = 227.2 ± 23.4 cm). Conclusion: Practitioners designing plyometric training programs to increase lower body horizontal power may perform the training sessions on a soft surface or a hard surface and see similar improvements in horizontal jump performance.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.55
Valden L. M. Capistrano Jr, Yasmin T. Gonçalves, Eder E. Costa, Matheus L. Caetano, A. Naves, B. Cordeiro, Daniel C. Teixeira, Luiz L. Loureiro, Marcio Leandro Ribeiro de Souza
Background: Nutritional composition of the athletes’ diet in relation to their training routine and body composition is critical in maintaining high performance levels during competitions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the body composition and nutrient intake of CrossFit® athletes. Methods: Twenty-five Brazilian CrossFit® athletes (18–50 years old) were evaluated in this study. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. A portable ultrasound was used to assess body composition. Resting energy expenditure was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. To describe the nutrient intake, 175 diets prepared by nutritionists were analyzed (mean diets per athlete = 7). To verify adherence, three non-consecutive self-reported 24-hour dietary recall surveys per diet were analyzed, totaling 525 days of food consumption record, and the mean of these 24-hour dietary recalls was used in this study. Results: The mean age was 32.0 ± 8.9 years, with no differences between men and women (P=0.208). The mean BMI was 26.4 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Energy intake was 2,904.0 ± 697.3 kcal/day. Protein and carbohydrate intake was 2.3 ± 0.4 and 4.5 ± 2.0 g/kg/day, respectively. Regarding carbohydrate consumption, 44% of CrossFit® athletes consumed less than the recommended amount (5–12 g/kg/day). In addition, most athletes (50%) had insufficient intake of potassium, selenium, calcium, and vitamins A, D, B9, and B12. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CrossFit® athletes presented an insufficient intake of some vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates.
{"title":"Nutrient Intake and Body Composition in CrossFit Athletes: a Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Valden L. M. Capistrano Jr, Yasmin T. Gonçalves, Eder E. Costa, Matheus L. Caetano, A. Naves, B. Cordeiro, Daniel C. Teixeira, Luiz L. Loureiro, Marcio Leandro Ribeiro de Souza","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.4p.55","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutritional composition of the athletes’ diet in relation to their training routine and body composition is critical in maintaining high performance levels during competitions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the body composition and nutrient intake of CrossFit® athletes. Methods: Twenty-five Brazilian CrossFit® athletes (18–50 years old) were evaluated in this study. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. A portable ultrasound was used to assess body composition. Resting energy expenditure was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. To describe the nutrient intake, 175 diets prepared by nutritionists were analyzed (mean diets per athlete = 7). To verify adherence, three non-consecutive self-reported 24-hour dietary recall surveys per diet were analyzed, totaling 525 days of food consumption record, and the mean of these 24-hour dietary recalls was used in this study. Results: The mean age was 32.0 ± 8.9 years, with no differences between men and women (P=0.208). The mean BMI was 26.4 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Energy intake was 2,904.0 ± 697.3 kcal/day. Protein and carbohydrate intake was 2.3 ± 0.4 and 4.5 ± 2.0 g/kg/day, respectively. Regarding carbohydrate consumption, 44% of CrossFit® athletes consumed less than the recommended amount (5–12 g/kg/day). In addition, most athletes (50%) had insufficient intake of potassium, selenium, calcium, and vitamins A, D, B9, and B12. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CrossFit® athletes presented an insufficient intake of some vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.37
G. Hatfield
Background of Study: Altered patterns of abdominal and low back muscle activity have been reported in people in the sub-acute phase of low back injury. Specifically, higher overall muscle activity and less ability to match activity to task demands have been found. Objective: This study determined if an 8-week group exercise intervention would alter muscle activity, strength, and endurance in people with/without a history of low back pain (LBP). Method: In this randomized controlled trial 46 participants (age 19-55) with a history of LBP were randomized to exercise (LBPEx, n=24) and no-exercise (LBPCon, n=22) groups. 27 participants without a history of LBP (NoLBP) also exercised. 17 LBPEx and 19 NoLBP participants completed the intervention. 19 LBPCon were tested at 8-week follow-up. The exercise intervention was an 8-week, choreographed, 30-minute group exercise intervention (Les Mills CoreTM) focused on building core strength, stability, and endurance. Pre and post-intervention surface electromyograms from abdominal and low back muscles were recorded during a trunk stability task (TST), and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis to extract patterns corresponding to overall amplitude and relative activation during the TST loading phase. Abdominal and back extensor strength and endurance were also measured. Results: It was found that overall abdominal activity decreased for left anterior external oblique (p=0.019 for TST level 3), left lateral external oblique (p=0.012 for TST level 3), and right posterior external oblique (p=0.035 for TST level 3) in LBPEx and for right lateral external oblique (p=0.009 for TST level 2 and p=0.004 for TST level 3) and left posterior external oblique (p=0.014 for TST level 2 and p=0.011 for TST level 3) in NoLBP during the TST. Abdominal strength and endurance, and back extensor endurance increased for LBPEx and NoLBP (p0.05). Back extensor strength increased for NoLBP (p0.05). Relative abdominal activation during the TST level 2 loading phase increased for right upper rectus abdominus (p=0.05), right lateral external oblique (p=0.002), and left posterior external oblique (p=0.006) for NoLBP, and for left anterior external oblique (p=0.042) for LBPEx. Conclusion: Les Mills CoreTM is readily available and may be recommended as a safe, accessible, and effective intervention to increase abdominal strength and endurance, and back extensor endurance, even for people with a history of LBP.
{"title":"Effects of a Core Strengthening Program on Muscle Activity Patterns, Strength, and Endurance in People with and without a History of Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"G. Hatfield","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.37","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: Altered patterns of abdominal and low back muscle activity have been reported in people in the sub-acute phase of low back injury. Specifically, higher overall muscle activity and less ability to match activity to task demands have been found. Objective: This study determined if an 8-week group exercise intervention would alter muscle activity, strength, and endurance in people with/without a history of low back pain (LBP). Method: In this randomized controlled trial 46 participants (age 19-55) with a history of LBP were randomized to exercise (LBPEx, n=24) and no-exercise (LBPCon, n=22) groups. 27 participants without a history of LBP (NoLBP) also exercised. 17 LBPEx and 19 NoLBP participants completed the intervention. 19 LBPCon were tested at 8-week follow-up. The exercise intervention was an 8-week, choreographed, 30-minute group exercise intervention (Les Mills CoreTM) focused on building core strength, stability, and endurance. Pre and post-intervention surface electromyograms from abdominal and low back muscles were recorded during a trunk stability task (TST), and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis to extract patterns corresponding to overall amplitude and relative activation during the TST loading phase. Abdominal and back extensor strength and endurance were also measured. Results: It was found that overall abdominal activity decreased for left anterior external oblique (p=0.019 for TST level 3), left lateral external oblique (p=0.012 for TST level 3), and right posterior external oblique (p=0.035 for TST level 3) in LBPEx and for right lateral external oblique (p=0.009 for TST level 2 and p=0.004 for TST level 3) and left posterior external oblique (p=0.014 for TST level 2 and p=0.011 for TST level 3) in NoLBP during the TST. Abdominal strength and endurance, and back extensor endurance increased for LBPEx and NoLBP (p0.05). Back extensor strength increased for NoLBP (p0.05). Relative abdominal activation during the TST level 2 loading phase increased for right upper rectus abdominus (p=0.05), right lateral external oblique (p=0.002), and left posterior external oblique (p=0.006) for NoLBP, and for left anterior external oblique (p=0.042) for LBPEx. Conclusion: Les Mills CoreTM is readily available and may be recommended as a safe, accessible, and effective intervention to increase abdominal strength and endurance, and back extensor endurance, even for people with a history of LBP.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43374566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.28
Q. Gasibat, A. E. Rafieda, Radea B. Alajnaf, Ahlam A. Elgallai, Hala A. Elzidani, Eiman M. Sowaid
Background: The latest osteopathic manual therapy method widely used is the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique (SMET) adopted in western clinical practices to treat various shoulder ailments. Objective: The study compares conventional treatment procedures’ effects and the SEMT for a frozen shoulder. Methodology: A randomized, single-blind observational experiment was carried out from February to May 2019. The study included idiopathic frozen shoulder patients of either sex aged 30 to 70 years, phases 1 and 2, or a stiff joint of an agonizing shoulder for a minimum of 3 months. Among the 60 patients examined, 40 were involved: 20 (50 %) in both groups. The mean age in the control and experimental groups was 49.75±8.52 and 49.10±9.01, respectively, the dissimilarities of the groups in terms of disability and pain were not substantial (P 0.05) at standard, but there was a considerable variance in the assessments of halfway and post-intercession (p 0.05), and similarly was the issue of shoulder Range of Motion (ROM). They comprised 30 (65 %) females and 10 (35 %) males randomly divided into two groups. The first group received SMET, and the second group received the conventional treatment procedure. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was utilized to evaluate Shoulder pain, comprising 11 objects of no pain with a value of 0 and objects of most pain with a value of 10. Standard physical goniometer used to record Shoulder ROM as a consistent device for the analysis of degrees’ movement. Results: NPRS score values were t = 26.1, p-value of 0.000. The Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was adopted in the control group to discover the significance of the pain intensity treatment. The NPRS score values were W = -4.06, p-value of 0.000. A double-sample t-test was adopted to discover the treatment significance with the experimental and control group. The values for the Disability Index (SPADI) score in the experimental group were t=17.31p-value of 0.000. The values for the SPADI score in the control group were t=18.55 p-value 0.000. Conclusions: SMET was more effective in shoulder pain reduction, in which conventional treatment showed more effectiveness in enhancing the shoulder ROM. It can be concluded that SMET can be used or incorporated as an alternative treatment method or combined with other treatment procedures for pain reduction.
{"title":"Spencer Muscle Energy Technique Versus Conventional Treatment in Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Q. Gasibat, A. E. Rafieda, Radea B. Alajnaf, Ahlam A. Elgallai, Hala A. Elzidani, Eiman M. Sowaid","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The latest osteopathic manual therapy method widely used is the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique (SMET) adopted in western clinical practices to treat various shoulder ailments. Objective: The study compares conventional treatment procedures’ effects and the SEMT for a frozen shoulder. Methodology: A randomized, single-blind observational experiment was carried out from February to May 2019. The study included idiopathic frozen shoulder patients of either sex aged 30 to 70 years, phases 1 and 2, or a stiff joint of an agonizing shoulder for a minimum of 3 months. Among the 60 patients examined, 40 were involved: 20 (50 %) in both groups. The mean age in the control and experimental groups was 49.75±8.52 and 49.10±9.01, respectively, the dissimilarities of the groups in terms of disability and pain were not substantial (P 0.05) at standard, but there was a considerable variance in the assessments of halfway and post-intercession (p 0.05), and similarly was the issue of shoulder Range of Motion (ROM). They comprised 30 (65 %) females and 10 (35 %) males randomly divided into two groups. The first group received SMET, and the second group received the conventional treatment procedure. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was utilized to evaluate Shoulder pain, comprising 11 objects of no pain with a value of 0 and objects of most pain with a value of 10. Standard physical goniometer used to record Shoulder ROM as a consistent device for the analysis of degrees’ movement. Results: NPRS score values were t = 26.1, p-value of 0.000. The Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was adopted in the control group to discover the significance of the pain intensity treatment. The NPRS score values were W = -4.06, p-value of 0.000. A double-sample t-test was adopted to discover the treatment significance with the experimental and control group. The values for the Disability Index (SPADI) score in the experimental group were t=17.31p-value of 0.000. The values for the SPADI score in the control group were t=18.55 p-value 0.000. Conclusions: SMET was more effective in shoulder pain reduction, in which conventional treatment showed more effectiveness in enhancing the shoulder ROM. It can be concluded that SMET can be used or incorporated as an alternative treatment method or combined with other treatment procedures for pain reduction.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47346664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.47
Ermioni Katartzi, Maria G. Kontou, Ioannis Pappas, Sofia G. Monastiridi, Foteini Girousi
Background: Restrictions due to COVID-19 lockdowns reduced the possibilities of children and adolescents for being active, with negative consequences in adopting a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: To compare Greek adolescents’ self-reported weekly participation in physical activity, during and before the two initial strict lockdowns, due to COVID-19. Secondary aims were to examine these differences with regard to gender, and associations between weekly physical activity participation with health status variables. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-three adolescents (Ν=363) from secondary schools, in the Greek territory (108 boys and 255 girls) filled in the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire and the TNO-AZL Questionnaire for Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life Children’s Form, online. It was a cross-sectional study and data were collected during first and second strict lockdowns, from different adolescents who filled in the above online questionnaires once. Results: Adolescents reduced significantly weekly frequency of strenuous, moderate and total physical activity, during lockdowns (p.05). Time factor had a different effect on boys and girls, only in moderate physical activity (p.05). Positive correlations were found between strenuous and total physical activity with positive moods, and moderate physical activity with cognitive functioning and school performance, during lockdowns (p.05). Conclusions: This study adds information regarding the negative impact on physical activity participation in Greek adolescents during COVID-19 strict lockdowns. The findings, also, highlighted that reduced physical activity among adolescents during lockdowns associated with poorer psychosocial status. Thus, these results could be used to inform strategies for promoting health movement behaviors, in order to reduce possible negative consequences during future pandemics.
{"title":"The Consequences of the Restrictive Measures Due to Two Strict Covid-19 Lockdowns on Self-Reported Physical Activity in Adolescents","authors":"Ermioni Katartzi, Maria G. Kontou, Ioannis Pappas, Sofia G. Monastiridi, Foteini Girousi","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.47","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Restrictions due to COVID-19 lockdowns reduced the possibilities of children and adolescents for being active, with negative consequences in adopting a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: To compare Greek adolescents’ self-reported weekly participation in physical activity, during and before the two initial strict lockdowns, due to COVID-19. Secondary aims were to examine these differences with regard to gender, and associations between weekly physical activity participation with health status variables. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-three adolescents (Ν=363) from secondary schools, in the Greek territory (108 boys and 255 girls) filled in the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire and the TNO-AZL Questionnaire for Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life Children’s Form, online. It was a cross-sectional study and data were collected during first and second strict lockdowns, from different adolescents who filled in the above online questionnaires once. Results: Adolescents reduced significantly weekly frequency of strenuous, moderate and total physical activity, during lockdowns (p.05). Time factor had a different effect on boys and girls, only in moderate physical activity (p.05). Positive correlations were found between strenuous and total physical activity with positive moods, and moderate physical activity with cognitive functioning and school performance, during lockdowns (p.05). Conclusions: This study adds information regarding the negative impact on physical activity participation in Greek adolescents during COVID-19 strict lockdowns. The findings, also, highlighted that reduced physical activity among adolescents during lockdowns associated with poorer psychosocial status. Thus, these results could be used to inform strategies for promoting health movement behaviors, in order to reduce possible negative consequences during future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48609240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.57
Danielle L. Gyemi, Claudia M Town, Yousef J. Alami, Ron Jadischke, D. Andrews
Background: Detailed characterization of on-field helmet impacts in football through video analysis has mostly been limited to professional games due to the availability of high quality, multi-view video (e.g., broadcast footage). Few studies have assessed youth football helmet impacts using video-based methods, often with only a single-camera view. Objective: A multi-camera approach was used in this observation-based study to describe the mechanisms and situational factors of in-game helmet impacts experienced by youth football players. Methods: A descriptive video analysis was performed in which video of three games from two old divisions (game A: 9–12 years; games B and C: 13–14 years) was reviewed and parameters related to all cases of observed helmet impact were documented. Results: Overall, 95 helmet impact cases were identified (single helmet contact: 81.1%; multiple helmet contacts: 18.9%), with 115 helmet contacts. Helmet-to-ground contacts were most common (59.1%), followed by helmet-to-helmet (24.3%) and helmet-to-body (16.5%). Helmet impact cases generally occurred during a rush play (67.4%) and were concentrated in the mid-field (81%). Helmet contact locations were predominantly distributed between the rear (upper) (28.7%) and side (upper) (27.8%) helmet regions. Tackling was the most frequent activity leading to helmet impact (41.1%). Conclusion: These findings offer detailed on-field helmet impact characteristics at the youth level that can help inform athlete safety improvement efforts.
{"title":"A Descriptive Video Analysis of Helmet Impact Cases in North American Youth Football Players","authors":"Danielle L. Gyemi, Claudia M Town, Yousef J. Alami, Ron Jadischke, D. Andrews","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.57","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detailed characterization of on-field helmet impacts in football through video analysis has mostly been limited to professional games due to the availability of high quality, multi-view video (e.g., broadcast footage). Few studies have assessed youth football helmet impacts using video-based methods, often with only a single-camera view. Objective: A multi-camera approach was used in this observation-based study to describe the mechanisms and situational factors of in-game helmet impacts experienced by youth football players. Methods: A descriptive video analysis was performed in which video of three games from two old divisions (game A: 9–12 years; games B and C: 13–14 years) was reviewed and parameters related to all cases of observed helmet impact were documented. Results: Overall, 95 helmet impact cases were identified (single helmet contact: 81.1%; multiple helmet contacts: 18.9%), with 115 helmet contacts. Helmet-to-ground contacts were most common (59.1%), followed by helmet-to-helmet (24.3%) and helmet-to-body (16.5%). Helmet impact cases generally occurred during a rush play (67.4%) and were concentrated in the mid-field (81%). Helmet contact locations were predominantly distributed between the rear (upper) (28.7%) and side (upper) (27.8%) helmet regions. Tackling was the most frequent activity leading to helmet impact (41.1%). Conclusion: These findings offer detailed on-field helmet impact characteristics at the youth level that can help inform athlete safety improvement efforts.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47728893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.7
Charalampos Krommidas, E. Galanis, Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis, Mary Mary Hasandra, A. Hatzigeorgiadis, I. Morres, N. Comoutos, Y. Theodorakis
Background: It is well established that regular participation in exercise and virtual reality (VR) environments are important tools for improving or maintaining human health and cognitive function. Objectives: This study examined the effects of acute exercise and VR environments on children’s memory function and exercise preference (i.e. cycling with or without the use of VR technology). Methods: Α 2×3 factorial design was adopted with two measures (pre, post) and three study groups. Forty-five healthy children aged 9 to 13 years (Mage = 10.91±1.24 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups receiving different treatment: (1) an exercise+VR group that cycled for 15 min in a VR environment (forest path) combined with basic mathematical problem-solving tasks, (2) an exercise group that cycled for 15 min, and (3) a no-exercise group that sat in a specific place in a lab for 15 min (the control group). Before and after the acute exercise, all the groups completed the Sternberg Memory Task. Upon completion of the intervention, the two exercise groups completed measures of enjoyment, intention and attitudes towards cycling. The exercise+VR group also completed a scale capturing the VR’s usability. Results: The results show that the exercise group scored higher on Sternberg’s Memory Task (p .05) after the acute exercise treatment (post) than before it (pre). Similarly, the exercise+VR participants scored higher on the post-intervention memory task than did the exercise and control groups (p .05). Moreover, the exercise+VR group reported higher scores on enjoyment, intention and attitude towards cycling than the exercise group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p .05). Finally, the exercise+VR participants recorded high scores on the usability of the VR system during the acute exercise programme. Conclusions: These findings are in line with those of previous studies, underlining the important roles of exercise and VR environments on youths’ cognitive function.
{"title":"The Effects of Acute Exercise and Virtual Reality Tasks on Children’s Memory Function and Exercise Preference","authors":"Charalampos Krommidas, E. Galanis, Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis, Mary Mary Hasandra, A. Hatzigeorgiadis, I. Morres, N. Comoutos, Y. Theodorakis","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is well established that regular participation in exercise and virtual reality (VR) environments are important tools for improving or maintaining human health and cognitive function. Objectives: This study examined the effects of acute exercise and VR environments on children’s memory function and exercise preference (i.e. cycling with or without the use of VR technology). Methods: Α 2×3 factorial design was adopted with two measures (pre, post) and three study groups. Forty-five healthy children aged 9 to 13 years (Mage = 10.91±1.24 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups receiving different treatment: (1) an exercise+VR group that cycled for 15 min in a VR environment (forest path) combined with basic mathematical problem-solving tasks, (2) an exercise group that cycled for 15 min, and (3) a no-exercise group that sat in a specific place in a lab for 15 min (the control group). Before and after the acute exercise, all the groups completed the Sternberg Memory Task. Upon completion of the intervention, the two exercise groups completed measures of enjoyment, intention and attitudes towards cycling. The exercise+VR group also completed a scale capturing the VR’s usability. Results: The results show that the exercise group scored higher on Sternberg’s Memory Task (p .05) after the acute exercise treatment (post) than before it (pre). Similarly, the exercise+VR participants scored higher on the post-intervention memory task than did the exercise and control groups (p .05). Moreover, the exercise+VR group reported higher scores on enjoyment, intention and attitude towards cycling than the exercise group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p .05). Finally, the exercise+VR participants recorded high scores on the usability of the VR system during the acute exercise programme. Conclusions: These findings are in line with those of previous studies, underlining the important roles of exercise and VR environments on youths’ cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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