International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent swirl jet issuing from a circular nozzle","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental and numerical studies on the flow field and cooling performance of a swirling jet, impinging on a flat surface is presented. A new nozzle that resembles the swirl injector of a liquid propellant rocket engine is used. This study considers different parameters including swirl number(S), Reynolds number(<em>Re</em>), normalised orifice to target spacing (Z/D) and confinement. The performance of various RANS and LES turbulence models is assessed using the data obtained from present experimental studies and that reported in literature. RNG k-ϵ turbulent model is successful in predicting heat transfer in non swirling flow. In the case of swirling flow, LES WALEM(Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity Model) predicts the heat transfer better than the other models. The performance of Swirling Impinging Jets(SIJ) and Cylindrical Impinging Jets (CIJ) is compared. At higher Z/D, introduction of swirl results in reduction in heat transfer and this is because of the increased spreading of the jet and reduction in velocity of the jet impinging on the target. Better performance is achieved at lower Z/D when a cylindrical jet is introduced with a small amount of swirl. For Z/<em>D</em> = 2 and <em>S</em> = 0.2, the peak Nu increases by 10 % and average Nu in the stagnation region increases by 6 % in comparison to CIJ. The position of the peak Nu moves away from the axis of the jet and there is better uniformity in Nu in the stagnation region. For Z/<em>D</em> = 2 swirling flow creates secondary peak(which usually occurs at high <em>Re</em>)even at low <em>Re</em>. At very low Z/D, top wall confinement causes increase in both peak heat transfer and average heat transfer in the stagnation region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation approaches for the study of the oil flow rate distribution in lubricating systems with rotating shafts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the issue of predicting the distribution of lubricant flow through the outlets of a rotating shaft used in vehicle power transmission. A typical geometry with closely spaced rows of holes, suitable for the lubrication of multi-disk clutches, was considered. Both lumped parameter and computational fluid dynamics approaches were applied and compared. The test rig for model validation was designed with a variable speed shaft featuring an axial oil inlet and three equally spaced pairs of radial outlet holes. The main characteristic of the experimental facility is the possibility to selectively measure the flow rates through each outlet. It was found that the three-dimensional model based on the multiple reference frame approach provides a reliable prediction of how the flow rate is distributed. Generally, the flow rate is lower through the outlet closest to the inlet and is maximum at the farthest exit. The flow distribution is minimally affected by the shaft speed. The influence of geometric parameters on making the flow distribution more uniform was studied. It was found that a better flow balance is obtained with a low ratio between the diameter of the radial holes and that of the axial channel. The results obtained offer best-practice guidelines for accurately simulating comparable systems, in order to optimize reliability of the mechanical transmission and energy efficiency of the flow generation unit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a two-stage thermoacoustic refrigerator prototype","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator is a potential cooling option for electronics enclosures. The main advantage of this type of refrigerator is the lack of moving parts, which makes it a maintenance-free application. The design and laboratory implementation of a travelling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator is studied and presented in this paper. The matching between the thermoacoustic refrigerator and a pair of linear motors is investigated. A model of the refrigerator was first developed via DeltaEC simulations and then validated experimentally. A final configuration comprising of a two-stage refrigerator driven by two linear motors is presented. The model of the refrigerator runs at a frequency of 60 Hz, and it is able to generate a cooling power of 446 W at a cooling temperature of 0 °C. The setup and instrumentation of the apparatus is explained in detail. Experimentally, the refrigerator's maximum cooling load was 298 W, and the lowest cooling temperature achieved was -0.2 °C. At the maximum cooling power, the COP is 2.35.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal radiation and inclined magnetic field on thermosolutal mixed convection in a partially active wavy trapezoidal enclosure filled with hybrid nanofluid","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work focuses on the examination of the magneto-thermosolutal convection in a lid-driven wavy trapezoidal enclosure in the presence of thermal radiation. The wavy cavity is filled with radiative Fe₃O₄-Cu-H₂O hybrid nanoliquid. In this work, two cases are considered depending on the location of heat and concentration sources. A portion of the vertical walls are kept hot and in high concentration while the remaining parts are in adiabatic condition. The adiabatic flat upper lid is moving towards the right with equal speed. In addition, the lower wavy border is cold and low concentration. The governing Navier–Stokes equations are modeled to describe thermosolutal phenomena within the wavy enclosure. These equations are solved by reconstructing a recently developed compact scheme. Computed outcomes are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentrations, average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers to evoke the thermosolutal phenomena for various physical parameters. Also, computing in-house code is validated with the published numerical and experimental and literatures. This investigation surveys the roles of several well-defined parameters such as Richardson number (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span>), Lewis number (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>), Buoyancy ratio number (<span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>), Radiation parameter (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span>), Hartmann number (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>), inclination of angle (<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>), undulation of the wavy surface (<span><math><mi>d</mi></math></span>) and solid volume fraction (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) of the hybrid nanofluid. An increase in the Lewis number (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) enhances species diffusion within the system but diminishes thermal transport. This work reveal that a change in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> from 0% to 4%, heat transfer is upgraded up to 4.28% in Case I and 3.93% in Case II while mass transfer is declined by 2.24% in Case I and 1.60% in Case II. Results indicate that Case I performed better than Case II in the case of energy and solutal transfer. This work has many practical applications such as heat exchangers, electronic device cooling, food processing and porous industrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable energy technology diffusion model: Evaluation of financial incentives in the electricity market of ecuador","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a simulation model using the System Dynamics paradigm to evaluate the effect of applying financial incentives on the diffusion of non-conventional renewable energy technologies in the Ecuadorian electricity market. The barriers to the diffusion of renewable energies are studied, the diffusion models are characterised, and the model is built with market variables and financial indicators integrated into its base structure. The Ecuadorian electricity market is described as a case study focusing on the incentive scheme. Based on investment, generation, and indirect incentives, this scheme plays a crucial role in promoting renewable energy technologies. Different long-term diffusion scenarios are simulated and compared with each other and with the baseline scenario to obtain diffusion rates and financial information for five renewable generation technologies: non-conventional hydro, wind, solar photovoltaic, biomass, and geothermal. The results of the simulations show that the combination of incentives leads to high diffusion rates, reassuring the audience about the potential impact of the proposed model. However, the feed-in tariff and tradable green certificate incentives are the most effective in promoting the use of renewable energy. For the Ecuadorian electricity market, the results show that wind and biomass technologies would be the most profitable, as opposed to geothermal energy, whose diffusion will not be feasible within the simulated period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal behaviour of hybrid nanofluid flow in two types of shell and helical coil tube heat exchangers with a new design. Numerical approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-efficiency thermal energy systems are very important in meeting the growing demand for thermal energy. As a result, several heat transfer improvements have been proposed. Some promising methods include flow heat transfer in shell and spiral tube exchangers.In a shell-and-coil heat exchanger, utilizing a meticulously designed coil instead of a basic one significantly boosts heat transfer and overall thermal efficiency. This is due to the enhanced fluid dynamics and increased turbulence facilitated by the advanced coil design, making it ideal for space-constrained applications. Moreover, the helical configuration helps minimize fouling and maintenance, and may also provide self-cleaning benefits. Consequently, helical coils are highly regarded in industrial contexts for their superior performance, maintenance ease, and design adaptability.This study conducts a numerical evaluation of the heat transfer and fluid flow properties of two distinct shell-and-coil heat exchangers with specialized designs. The fluids analyzed include water-based hybrid nanofluids, specifically <em>Water</em>/<em>MgO</em>-<em>TiO</em>₂and Ag-HEG/water, with results compared to those obtained using pure water. The investigation spans Reynolds numbers from 500 to 2000 and is divided into two segments.The first segment examines the influence of spiral coil geometry and fluid type on the heat exchanger's endothermic performance, utilizing nanoparticle volume concentrations of φ1 = φ2 = 0.3. In the second segment, the optimal geometric and fluid model is chosen based on the findings from the first part. Following this, the impact of various hybrid nanofluids on thermal performance is assessed, comparing fluids with volume concentrations of φ1 = φ2 = 0.3 to pure water (φ1 = φ2 = 0).The findings reveal that Case [A], featuring a unique geometry with Water/Ag_HEG, achieves the highest thermal performance across all examined Reynolds numbers. At the lowest Reynolds number, the thermal efficiency improvements for Case [A], Case [B], and Case [C] were 137 %, 113 %, and 56 %, respectively, compared to the baseline. Additionally, the second part of the study demonstrates that at the lowest Reynolds number, the thermal efficiencies of <em>Water</em>/<em>MgO</em>-<em>TiO</em>₂ and Water/Ag_HEG nanohybrid fluids increased by 76 % and 49 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-economic investigation and comparative multi-objective optimization of dual-pressure evaporation ORC using binary zeotropic mixtures as working fluids for geothermal energy application","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This contribution performs an energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic (3E) analysis of a dual-pressure evaporation organic Rankine cycle system employing twenty different binary zeotropic mixtures as working fluids for power production from a geothermal field. To this end, the designed system is modeled, invoking the mass and energy conservation laws and the exergy and cost balance analyses. Specific Exergy Costing (SPECO) procedure is utilized to provide practical insights into the exergoeconomic aspect of the system. Comparative optimization based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm is accomplished for each mixture in order to simultaneously maximize the exergy efficiency and minimize the total cost rate using the design variables of pressure factor in low-pressure and high-pressure stages, mixture fraction, pinch point temperature differences in low-pressure and high-pressure heat exchangers, and degree of superheat in the high-pressure heat exchanger. In this regard, the Pareto frontiers are drawn for the system with all twenty different binary zeotropic mixtures. The optimal point for each mixture is obtained via the decision-making technique of LINMAP. Subsequently, the LINMAP is re-utilized to find the preferred mixture. The optimization results suggest the R123/C2Butene (96.89/3.11) mixture for this system as the optimum working fluid, considering a trade-off between a low-cost rate of $88.0651 per hr and a high exergy efficiency of 64.07 %. Finally, the exergy flow diagram is plotted to provide the exergy flow rate and the amount of exergy destruction in each segment of the system considering the optimal working fluid. In the proposed system, exergy destruction chiefly occurs within the low-pressure preheater with a value of 1061 kW, followed by the low-pressure turbine and condenser with magnitudes of about 669 kW and 266 kW, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid in a rotating channel filled with porous material","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates entropy generation of MHD hybrid nanofluid in a rotating channel filled with porous material. The hybrid nanofluid, which uses <span><math><mtext>Cu</mtext></math></span> and alumina nanoparticles along with water as the base fluid, has been used. The hybrid model equations were solved numerically using MATLAB’s <span>ode15s</span> which employs Runge-Kutta–Fehlberg scheme. Effects of entropy generation and other system variables were investigated. Parametric analysis reveals that, hybrid nanofluids show better heat transport capacities with a higher Nusselt number than Cu–water and alumina-water nanofluids. Thus, because of its improved thermal characteristics, the hybrid nanofluid transfers more heat, which makes it a better option for applications that need effective heat dissipation. The results show that, increasing the Biot number reduces temperature, while hybrid nanofluids yield a higher Bejan number, indicating more efficient heat transfer with minimized entropy generation. The study identifies increased friction between fluid and porous media as the cause of temperature rise with higher porous media resistance and shape factor parameters. It is also depicted that, the rate of entropy generation decreases as the Biot number <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span> rises, this happens as a result of the channel’s temperature gradient being less pronounced at higher Bi, which reduces thermal irreversibility and, in turn, entropy generation. The findings also demonstrate that the presence of a magnetic field reduces axial velocity while increasing transverse velocity. Consequently, skin friction increases in the axial direction and decreases in the transverse direction. In addition, the increase of rotational parameter has been found to reduce skin friction to the greatest extent. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid nanofluids in optimizing thermal systems by reducing entropy generation and enhancing heat transfer efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the performance of solar stills using heating components: A comprehensive review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the global water scarcity crisis requires innovative solutions in water treatment. Desalination offers a reliable and independent water source; however, challenges such as high energy consumption, environmental impact, and cost need to be addressed. Recent use of solar stills and other renewable energy integrations can significantly mitigate these issues. This review explores the advancements and modifications in solar still designs for heating components to enhance water desalination efficiency and productivity. The components discussed for heating or thermal management systems include nanomaterials, wicks, heat exchangers, phase change materials (PCMs), electric heaters, waste heat recovery systems, and photovoltaic cells. Innovations in cover materials and shapes impact factors such as heat absorption and condensation efficiency, contributing to overall improvements in freshwater yield. Solar stills with rotating cylinders were also used to increase surface area, which increased efficiency. Furthermore, various factors were studied, including wick materials, which contributed to a 27.65 % increase in productivity. Solar setups increase productivity by 214 % by improving heat transfer and energy efficiency. Immersed heaters have significantly increased productivity by 370 % in double-slope stills, 252.4 % in single-slope stills, and 232.9 % in hemispherical stills. Overall, the diverse landscape of innovations showcased in this review underscores the ongoing efforts to optimize solar stills for sustainable and efficient water desalination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and artificial neural network inspired study on step-like-plenum battery thermal management system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study leverage numerical simulation (NS) and artificial neural network (ANN) capabilities to carry out additional investigations on step-like plenum battery thermal management system (BTMS). Different cooling strategies have been developed over the years in BTMSs’ design. Yet, air-cooling strategies still remains relevant, especially in battery-powered aircrafts, where light-weight is important and air is the preferred cooling fluid. Hence, additional study become necessary especially on the step-like plenum design to provide more insight on the performance of the design by considering several number of step, varied air inlet temperature and velocity. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was employed to obtained results for different number of step; <em>N_s</em> = 1,  3,  4,  7,  9,  15 and 19, varied air inlet temperature; <em>T_i</em> = 278,  298 and 318 <em>K</em>, and varied air inlet velocity; <em>V_i</em> = 3,  3.5,  4,  5 and 6 <em>m</em>/<em>s</em>. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach was then employed to predict the BTMSs’ performance for additional values of <em>T_i</em> and <em>V_i</em>. Minimum temperature (<em>T_min</em>), maximum temperature (<em>T_max</em>), maximum temperature difference (Δ<em>T_max</em>) and pressure drop (Δ<em>P</em>) were computed. By comparing the CFD results with the result predicted by the ANN, the percentage difference, for the entire dataset were 0.01 %, 0.005 %, 1 % and 0.14 % for <em>T_max, T_min</em> Δ<em>T_max</em> and Δ<em>P</em>, respectively. Based on the optimum design parameters predicted using ANN, for <em>T_max</em> = 299.24 comprises <em>N_s</em> = 4, <em>V_i</em> = 6 <em>m</em>/<em>s</em> and <em>T_i</em> = 278 <em>K</em>, while for Δ<em>P</em>, comprises <em>N_s</em> = 1, <em>V_i</em> = 3 <em>m</em>/<em>s</em> and <em>T_i</em> = 318 <em>K</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}