International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献_第2页

Nuclear hydrogen prospects in MENA region with economic insights 核能氢在中东和北非地区的前景与经济见解

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101568

Ammar Alkhalidi , Shatha Alyazouri , Belal Almomani , A.G. Olabi , Abdul Hai Alami , Thanh Mai Vũ , Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli , Mohamad K. Khawaja

The increasing demand for energy and environmental pollution have prompted a transition toward hydrogen production. Nuclear hydrogen, in particular, offers the potential for large-scale production while effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents the potential of nuclear hydrogen in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It begins by assessing the current status of nuclear energy and hydrogen generation plans across MENA countries. It also offers insights into the economic viability of nuclear hydrogen for several next-generation reactors through the Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Programme (HEEP). Additionally, it considers the front-end costs associated with potential uranium reserves in the region, as well as the economic sensitivity of various technical and fiscal parameters. Despite its potential, much of the MENA region faces challenges related to inadequate nuclear infrastructure and stalled development plans. The comparison of the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen Generation (LCHG) among various reactor technologies reveals that the most favorable scenario involves integrating the Advanced Pressurized Reactor (APR-1400) with Conventional Electrolysis (CE), compressed gas hydrogen storage, and vehicle transportation, yielding the lowest LCHG of $ 3.47 USD/kg H₂. Sensitivity analyses indicate that nuclear hydrogen production is highly vulnerable to fiscal parameters, particularly discount and interest rates. This review highlights the economic viability and potential of nuclear hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution in the MENA region.

不断增长的能源需求和环境污染促使人们向氢气生产过渡。特别是核氢，在有效减少温室气体排放的同时，提供了大规模生产的潜力。本文介绍了核氢在中东和北非（MENA）地区的潜力。报告首先评估了中东和北非国家核能和制氢计划的现状。它还通过氢经济评估计划（HEEP）为几个下一代反应堆的核氢经济可行性提供了见解。此外，它还考虑到与该区域潜在铀储量有关的前期费用，以及各种技术和财政参数的经济敏感性。尽管潜力巨大，但中东和北非地区的大部分地区都面临着与核基础设施不足和发展计划停滞有关的挑战。对各种反应器技术的制氢平准化成本（LCHG）进行比较的结果显示，最有利的方案是将先进压水堆（APR-1400）与传统电解（CE）、压缩气体储氢、车辆运输相结合，LCHG最低，为3.47美元/kg H₂。敏感性分析表明，核能制氢极易受到财政参数的影响，尤其是贴现率和利率。本综述强调了核氢作为中东和北非地区可持续能源解决方案的经济可行性和潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and simulation of isobutylene polymerization in gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed reactor 气-液-固循环流化床反应器中异丁烯聚合的建模与仿真

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101569

Nayef Ghasem

Methyl tert‑butyl ether (MTBE) was widely utilized as a standard additive in high-octane gasoline due to its ability to improve combustion efficiency and provide effective knock resistance. However, its extensive use resulted in significant environmental concerns, prompting its prohibition in numerous countries. As an alternative, di-isobutylene (DIB), derived from the selective oligomerization of isobutylene, can be hydrogenated to produce high-quality, clean gasoline. This indirect alkylation process yields a blend rich in isooctane, characterized by a high-octane number and low vapor pressure while freeing sulfur, benzene, and aromatic compounds. This study provides an in-depth modeling and simulation analysis of a novel gas–liquid–solid circulating mini-fluidized bed reactor designed for isobutylene polymerization. A detailed hydrodynamic and kinetic model was created using COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.3 to investigate how operating parameters affect isobutylene conversion and di-isobutylene yield. The simulation outcomes were thoroughly validated by comparing them to experimental data from a mini circulating fluidized bed reactor with a 10 mm inner diameter, 260 mm riser, and 160 mm downers. The results indicate that the circulating mini-fluidized bed can achieve high isobutylene conversion and high di-isobutylene yield. This improved performance is linked to the synergistic effects of solid particles and gas bubbles, which enhance the specific surface area of the reactor and promote advantageous hydrodynamic alterations. These findings validate the efficacy of the simulation framework and underscore the reactor’s potential for optimizing industrial polymerization processes.

甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）由于能够提高燃烧效率和提供有效的抗爆性能，被广泛用作高辛烷值汽油的标准添加剂。然而，它的广泛使用引起了严重的环境问题，促使许多国家禁止使用它。二异丁烯（DIB）是由异丁烯的选择性低聚反应衍生而来，可以加氢生产高质量、清洁的汽油。这种间接烷基化过程产生了富含异辛烷的混合物，其特点是辛烷值高，蒸气压低，同时释放出硫、苯和芳香族化合物。本文对异丁烯聚合用新型气-液-固循环微型流化床反应器进行了深入的建模和仿真分析。利用COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.3建立了详细的流体力学和动力学模型，研究了操作参数对异丁烯转化率和二异丁烯收率的影响。将模拟结果与内径为10 mm、提升管为260 mm、下沉管为160 mm的小型循环流化床反应器的实验数据进行了比较，验证了模拟结果的有效性。结果表明，循环微型流化床可以实现高异丁烯转化率和高二异丁烯收率。这种性能的提高与固体颗粒和气泡的协同作用有关，它们增强了反应器的比表面积，促进了有利的水动力变化。这些发现验证了模拟框架的有效性，并强调了反应器优化工业聚合过程的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A class of Cauchy problems for the Poisson equation from steady-state heat conduction in multilayered media 多层介质中稳态热传导泊松方程的一类Cauchy问题

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101566

Tangwei Liu , Dingding Yan , Xiaoyu Zhong , Wanglin Ouyang , Jeevan Kafle

Accurate reconstruction of subsurface temperature fields in layered media underpins exploration and development of deep geothermal resources. Traditional inverse computation methods improve numerical stability of finite‐difference schemes but still require careful regularization and layer‐by‐layer marching. In contrast, Physics‐Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) directly integrate governing equations, interface continuity, and boundary observations in a single mesh‐free optimization, dramatically reducing sensitivity to noise and eliminating the need for manual layer strategies. Through numerical experiments on two-dimensional multilayered domains, we show that PINNs method maintains robustness under realistic measurement noise, and deliver comparable accuracy without bespoke regularization parameters. Our results demonstrate that PINNs not only simplify the inverse workflow but also outperform classical layer‐marching approaches in accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency.

层状介质地下温度场的准确重建是深部地热资源勘探开发的基础。传统的逆计算方法提高了有限差分格式的数值稳定性，但仍然需要仔细的正则化和逐层推进。相比之下，物理信息神经网络（pinn）直接将控制方程、界面连续性和边界观测集成到单个无网格优化中，大大降低了对噪声的敏感性，消除了手动层策略的需要。通过在二维多层域上的数值实验，我们证明了PINNs方法在实际测量噪声下保持了鲁棒性，并且在没有定制正则化参数的情况下提供了相当的精度。我们的研究结果表明，pinn不仅简化了逆向工作流程，而且在精度、稳定性和计算效率方面优于经典的层推进方法。

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of boiling in wick structures: Comparative analysis of mono-, Bi-, and hybrid porous media 芯结构中沸腾的数值模拟：单、双和混合多孔介质的比较分析

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101564

M.E. Nimvari , T. Persoons , M.J. Gibbons

Efficient thermal management is critical in high-power electronic and energy systems, where overheating can lead to performance degradation or material failure. Capillary-driven boiling in porous media is a promising passive cooling solution. The advent of advanced fabrication methods, such as additive and subtractive manufacturing, enables controlled fabrication of porous structure geometry. However, limited research exists to numerically guide porous structure design and explore the complex pore-scale two-phase interplay during the boiling phenomena. The present work provides an in-depth pore-scale numerical investigation of capillary-fed boiling in three porous configurations: monoporous, biporous, and hybrid (combining mono- and biporous) media. Simplified cluster geometries were used to model complex biporous and hybrid structures, and simulations were carried out spanning heat flux levels from 1 to 50 W/cm², validated against experimental data. At low heat fluxes, monoporous and hybrid wicks outperform biporous ones due to reduced vapor entrapment. However, at high heat fluxes, biporous structures exhibit superior performance, thanks to their higher permeability and stronger capillary pumping, which enhance vapor removal and liquid replenishment. Under the peak tested heat flux of 50 W/cm², the biporous media achieves the lowest wall superheat (∼15 K) and vapor saturation (∼0.25), indicating the highest resistance to dry-out. The hybrid wick demonstrates the best performance under low to moderate heat fluxes, whereas at high heat flux levels it exhibits intermediate performance, benefiting from both monoporous and biporous characteristics. The results in this work elucidate the complex two-phase boiling phenomena in varied porous structure geometries that have been commonly experimentally applied. As such, it may serve as a design guide for future advanced wick structures in high-performance cooling systems.

在大功率电子和能源系统中，高效的热管理至关重要，因为过热会导致性能下降或材料失效。多孔介质中毛细管驱动沸腾是一种很有前途的被动冷却解决方案。先进制造方法的出现，如增材制造和减法制造，使多孔结构几何形状的控制制造成为可能。然而，在数值指导多孔结构设计和探索复杂孔隙尺度下的两相相互作用方面的研究有限。目前的工作对三种多孔结构(单孔、双孔和混合（单孔和双孔结合）介质中的毛细管沸腾进行了深入的孔隙尺度数值研究。采用简化的团簇几何形状来模拟复杂的双孔和杂化结构，并在1至50 W/cm²的热流密度范围内进行了模拟，并与实验数据进行了验证。在低热通量下，由于减少了蒸汽夹持，单孔和混合芯优于双孔芯。然而，在高热流密度下，双孔结构表现出更好的性能，因为它们具有更高的渗透率和更强的毛细管泵送，从而增强了蒸汽的去除和液体的补充。在峰值测试热通量为50 W/cm²时，双孔介质达到最低的壁过热度（~ 15 K）和蒸汽饱和度（~ 0.25），表明具有最高的抗干性。混合灯芯在低至中等热流流下表现出最佳性能，而在高热流流下表现出中等性能，受益于单孔和双孔特性。本工作的结果阐明了在不同的多孔结构几何形状中复杂的两相沸腾现象，这些现象在实验中已得到普遍应用。因此，它可以作为高性能冷却系统中未来先进芯结构的设计指南。

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引用次数: 0

Data-driven geometric optimization of helical tube heat exchangers for enhanced heat transfer with acceptable pressure drop 数据驱动的螺旋管换热器的几何优化，以提高传热和可接受的压降

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101565

Seyyed Kazem Yekani, Tuhid Pashaee Golmarz, Seyyed Faramarz Ranjbar, Sina Borousan

Efficient heat exchangers are essential in modern energy systems, where the demand for compact, reliable, and cost-effective thermal devices continues to grow. Conventional straight-tube exchangers often suffer from fouling, limited heat transfer rates, and high maintenance requirements, highlighting the need for alternative geometries that deliver superior performance without excessive pressure losses. Although helical tube configurations show promise, systematic optimization of their geometric parameters remains underexplored, particularly in balancing enhanced heat transfer with acceptable hydraulic penalties. This study addresses that gap by employing a data-driven approach to optimize helical tube heat exchangers using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Within the turbulent flow regime (Reynolds numbers 3000–10,000), results reveal that the helical configuration elevates the Nusselt number by 3.7–3.9 times compared to straight tubes. For a working fluid entering at 20 °C and exposed to a 620 °C surface, the outlet temperature increases by over 80% in helical tubes, versus 45% in straight tubes. Geometric parameters—including loop number and helix pitch (26–36 cm)—are shown to be decisive in maximizing performance. RSM analysis demonstrates strong model reliability, with R² values of 0.796 for temperature increase and 0.999 for pressure loss. The optimum configuration is identified as a single-loop helix with a pitch of 30.83 cm and a radius of 60 cm. Beyond technical performance, the findings carry practical implications for energy policy and architectural applications. By enabling higher thermal efficiency with reduced maintenance, helical exchangers can contribute to energy-saving strategies, carbon reduction, and sustainable building services such as HVAC and district heating.

高效的热交换器在现代能源系统中是必不可少的，在现代能源系统中，对紧凑、可靠和具有成本效益的热设备的需求不断增长。传统的直管换热器经常受到污垢、有限的传热速率和高维护要求的困扰，因此需要替代的几何形状，以提供卓越的性能，而不会造成过大的压力损失。尽管螺旋管结构很有前景，但其几何参数的系统优化仍有待探索，特别是在平衡增强的传热和可接受的水力损失方面。本研究通过采用数据驱动的方法，利用响应面法（RSM）优化螺旋管换热器，解决了这一差距。在紊流状态下（雷诺数3000 - 10000），结果表明螺旋结构比直管提高了3.7-3.9倍的努塞尔数。当工作流体进入温度为20°C，并暴露在620°C的表面时，螺旋管的出口温度上升了80%以上，而直管的出口温度上升了45%。几何参数-包括环数和螺旋间距（26-36厘米）-被证明是最大限度地提高性能的决定性因素。RSM分析结果表明，模型可靠性较好，温度升高的R²值为0.796，压力损失的R²值为0.999。最优结构为螺距为30.83 cm、半径为60 cm的单环螺旋。除了技术性能，研究结果还对能源政策和建筑应用具有实际意义。通过减少维护，实现更高的热效率，螺旋换热器可以促进节能战略，碳减排和可持续建筑服务，如暖通空调和区域供热。

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引用次数: 0

Flow behaviors of anionic polyacrylamide aqueous solutions 阴离子聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的流动行为

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101562

Mamdouh T. Ghannam , Mohamed Y.E. Selim , Ahmed Thaher , Taif Ali Alameri , Shaikha Salem Alamri , Mariam Khalifa Alketbi

This experimental study investigates the flow behaviors of anionic polyacrylamide (APAA) aqueous solutions to better understand their characteristics for different industrial uses and applications. This study examined numerous experimental samples of polymer solutions using FLOC 24 APAA powder over concentration range of 500-5000 mg/L, and two different electrolytes of NaCl and CaCl₂ were included with concentration range of 1-10 Wt.%. To scrutinize the flow behavior of APAA aqueous solutions, rheological measurements of shear stress and dynamic viscosity versus shear rate were carried out employing MCR 92 rotational rheometer over four temperatures of 20, 40, 60, and 80 °C. The main outcomes of the current study include, firstly, the shear stress increases with both shear rate and APAA concentration. The effect of polymer concentration is mostly notable at shear rate of less than 200 s^-1, above this verge, the shear stress contours are similar regardless of APAA concentration. Secondly, the rheogram contours decline significantly as the temperature rises from 20 °C to 80 °C, attributed to negative thermal effects on molecular cohesion forces of APAA solutions. The APAA solutions generally exhibit shear-thinning behavior up to a critical shear rate, after which a shear-thickening behavior is observed. Thirdly, temperature has a strong negative influence on the reported dynamic viscosity across the tested range of 20 °C to 80 °C. Lastly, the introduction of varying concentrations of NaCl and CaCl₂ salinity consistently leads to a reduction in dynamic viscosity of APAA polymer solutions.

本实验研究了阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（APAA）水溶液的流动行为，以更好地了解其在不同工业用途和应用中的特性。本研究使用FLOC 24 APAA粉末在500- 5000mg /L的浓度范围内对聚合物溶液进行了大量实验样品的检测，包括NaCl和CaCl2两种不同的电解质，浓度范围为1- 10wt .%。为了仔细研究APAA水溶液的流动行为，使用MCR 92旋转流变仪在20、40、60和80℃四种温度下进行了剪切应力和动态粘度随剪切速率的流变学测量。本研究的主要结果包括：①剪切应力随剪切速率和APAA浓度的增加而增加；在剪切速率小于200 s-1时，聚合物浓度的影响最为显著，在此水平以上，无论APAA浓度如何，剪应力轮廓都是相似的。其次，温度从20℃升高到80℃，流变图轮廓明显下降，这是由于APAA溶液的分子内聚力受到负热效应的影响。在临界剪切速率之前，APAA溶液通常表现出剪切减薄行为，在此之后，观察到剪切增厚行为。第三，在20°C至80°C的测试范围内，温度对报告的动态粘度有很强的负面影响。最后，引入不同浓度的NaCl和cacl2盐度会导致APAA聚合物溶液的动态粘度下降。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of thermal energy storage for central receiver concentrating solar power plants under charging cycles through structural assessment 基于结构评价的中央集热器太阳能电站充电循环蓄热评价

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101563

José Luis Torres-Madroñero , Julian D. Osorio , Julián Sierra-Pérez , César Nieto-Londoño

Electricity production by concentrated solar power (CSP) systems has stood out among energy transition alternatives due to their large generation capacity (between 30 MW and 400 MW) and high capacity factor (80%) when incorporating thermal storage systems (TES). Although TES tanks in operation worldwide are made of austenitic steels with remarkable mechanical and anticorrosive properties, operational failures have been reported due to low-cycle fatigue, creep, and the abrupt release of residual stresses generated during tank manufacturing. A critical operation for salt tanks is the initial daily charging operation, given the low fluid level and the thermal gradients between the inventory and the salt entering the tank. This study presents a structural simulation of a 39.6 m-diameter molten salt tank for central receiver CSP plants, accounting for temperature and pressure variations during charging and different sparger ring inlet configurations. The initial pre-stressed condition of the floor, resulting from the manufacture of welded plates, is used as a boundary condition. The fatigue and creep life analyses were performed in accordance with the ASME BPVC and API standards. It was found that the tank’s floor is in a less favourable mechanical condition than the wall, due to its initial manufacturing condition and the maximum temperature differences during charging. A critical zone was identified in an area affected by residual stress on the floor and under the sparger ring. The baseline sparger ring configuration, with 52 2-inch-diameter orifices and a flow direction of 90°, results in an average floor stress of approximately 25 MPa and creep damage after 1.2 years of tank operation.

聚光太阳能发电（CSP）系统的发电能力大（30兆瓦至400兆瓦），在结合储热系统（TES）时容量系数高（80%），在能源转换替代方案中脱颖而出。尽管在世界范围内使用的TES储罐都是由具有卓越机械性能和防腐性能的奥氏体钢制成的，但由于储罐制造过程中产生的低周疲劳、蠕变和残余应力的突然释放，导致了作业失败的报道。考虑到低液位和库存与进入储罐的盐之间的热梯度，盐罐的一个关键操作是初始的每日加注操作。本研究对一个直径39.6 m的中央集热电站熔盐罐进行了结构模拟，考虑了充电过程中的温度和压力变化以及不同的分散环入口配置。由于焊接板的制造而产生的楼板的初始预应力条件被用作边界条件。根据ASME BPVC和API标准进行了疲劳和蠕变寿命分析。由于其初始制造条件和充电期间的最大温差，发现坦克的地板处于比墙更不利的机械状况。在底板和隔振环下受残余应力影响的区域确定了一个临界区域。基础分散环配置有52个直径为2英寸的孔，流动方向为90°，在储罐运行1.2年后，平均底板应力约为25 MPa，并且会产生蠕变损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning integrated higher-order model application for critical heat flux investigations in pressurized water reactors 机器学习集成高阶模型在压水堆临界热流研究中的应用

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101561

Stephen A. Ajah , Lateef Akanji , Jefferson Gomes

Nuclear power station disasters like those at Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima Daiichi have highlighted how urgently improved nuclear safety is needed. This usually happened due to impeded cooling systems, resulting in heat accumulation, coolant boiling, and phase transformation leading to critical heat flux (CHF) events. Understanding bubble nucleation and dynamics during boiling heat transfer is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of pressurized water reactors (PWRs), particularly during postulated severe accident scenarios. Existing numerical models often struggle to accurately capture the complex multifluid interfaces and non-isothermal flow conditions inherent in these events, leading to potential inaccuracies in accident progression predictions. To address this gap, this study presents a novel numerical approach combining a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method (CVFEM), a conservative adaptive interface capturing method (CAICM), and a machine learning (ML) model (CVFEM+CAICM+ML/EoS). The ML component significantly enhances the accuracy of multifluid interface capturing in non-isothermal flows through precise fluid density evaluation, a key improvement over traditional methods. An adaptive mesh algorithm was implemented to optimize computational resource allocation, focusing on critical material interfaces. The model was validated against experimental data on single rising bubble dynamics, demonstrating its reliability. Analysis of dimensionless parameters, specifically the Galileo and Eötvös numbers, revealed the transition from laminar liquid flow to mixed vapor regimes, indicative of severe accident progression. This research provides a robust and validated tool for understanding complex boiling heat transfer mechanisms and bubble nucleation dynamics in PWRs, contributing to enhanced reactor safety.

切尔诺贝利、三里岛和福岛第一核电站等核电站灾难凸显了提高核安全的迫切需要。这通常是由于冷却系统受阻，导致热量积聚，冷却剂沸腾和相变导致临界热流密度（CHF）事件。了解沸腾传热过程中的气泡成核和动力学对于确保压水堆（pwr）的安全性和可靠性至关重要，特别是在假定的严重事故情况下。现有的数值模型往往难以准确地捕捉这些事件中固有的复杂的多流体界面和非等温流动条件，从而导致事故进展预测的潜在不准确性。为了解决这一差距，本研究提出了一种新的数值方法，结合了高阶不连续伽辽金方法（CVFEM）、保守自适应界面捕获方法（CAICM）和机器学习（ML）模型（CVFEM+CAICM+ML/EoS）。ML组件通过精确的流体密度评估显着提高了非等温流动中多流体界面捕获的准确性，这是传统方法的一个关键改进。采用自适应网格算法优化计算资源分配，重点关注关键材料界面。用单个上升气泡动力学实验数据对模型进行了验证，验证了模型的可靠性。对无量纲参数的分析，特别是伽利略和Eötvös数字，揭示了从层流液体流动到混合蒸汽状态的转变，表明了严重的事故进展。该研究为理解压水堆中复杂的沸腾传热机制和气泡成核动力学提供了可靠的工具，有助于提高反应堆的安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic properties of liquid–liquid immiscible mixtures of seawater and directional solvents for the energy and exergy evaluation of DSE desalination systems 海水和定向溶剂液-液不混相混合物的热力学性质用于DSE脱盐系统的能量和火用评估

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101559

Osama M. Ibrahim, Nawaf F. Aljuwayhel

Directional Solvent Extraction (DSE) is a promising desalination process that can produce fresh water from saline water using low-temperature heat sources. Amines, fatty acids, and ionic liquids were proposed as potential directional solvents—these solvents and seawater form liquid–liquid binary mixtures in a two-phase immiscible system. The energy and exergy analyses of the DSE desalination processes require accurate and consistent thermodynamic properties of these liquid–liquid mixtures. This paper presents a systematic framework for evaluating the thermodynamic properties of two-phase, liquid–liquid immiscible binary solutions consisting of seawater and a potential directional solvent. The property prediction framework includes two main steps: (1) a fundamental Gibbs free energy equation is utilized to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of the pure liquid solvent, while pure water and seawater properties were determined using existing correlations; and (2) The Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) excess Gibbs energy model was used membranes to capture deviations of water–solvent mixtures from ideal solution behavior. The thermodynamic properties of two-phase immiscible mixtures of seawater and octanoic acid as a directional solvent were then determined using the methodology described in this paper. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of liquid–liquid immiscible mixtures of octanoic acid and seawater were used to analyze a basic example of a DSE desalination system.

定向溶剂萃取（DSE）是一种很有前途的海水淡化技术，它可以利用低温热源从盐水中提取淡水。胺、脂肪酸和离子液体被认为是潜在的定向溶剂，这些溶剂和海水在两相不混相体系中形成液-液二元混合物。DSE海水淡化过程的能量和火用分析需要这些液-液混合物的准确和一致的热力学性质。本文提出了一个评价由海水和潜在定向溶剂组成的两相液-液不混相二元溶液热力学性质的系统框架。性质预测框架包括两个主要步骤：(1)利用基本的吉布斯自由能方程来评价纯液体溶剂的热力学性质，同时利用现有的相关性来确定纯水和海水的性质；(2)利用非随机双液（NRTL）过量吉布斯能量模型捕捉了水-溶剂混合物与理想溶液行为的偏差。然后用本文描述的方法测定了海水和辛酸作为定向溶剂的两相不混相混合物的热力学性质。最后，利用辛酸与海水液-液不混相的热力学性质，分析了DSE海水淡化系统的一个基本实例。

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引用次数: 0

Maxwell fluid flow with Gyrotactic microorganisms: Effects of suction reynolds number, activation energy, and nonlinear heat radiation 旋转微生物的麦克斯韦流体流动：吸力雷诺数、活化能和非线性热辐射的影响

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101560

Indushri Patgiri , B. Shankar Goud , Hussein Maaitah , Mohamad Y. Mustafa

The purpose of this study is to explore a steady 2-D flow behaviour of Maxwell fluid, focusing on the properties of important factors on temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microbe density distributions. The roles of suction Reynolds number, energy activation, and nonlinear thermal radiation are discussed. By inserting appropriate similarity variables, governing equations are transformed into dimensionless form, and the resulting nonlinear equations are numerically solved using the bvp4c technique. Graphs depict the impact of various physical factors on temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microbe density boundary layer profiles. Furthermore, the research shows changes in skin friction coefficients, mass transfer rates, and density numbers. The principal findings of this study show that the Deborah number and magnetic parameter diminish fluid velocity and shear stress. The heat source parameter and Eckert number increase the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. Meanwhile, the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers reduce the concentration dispersion. Furthermore, the bioconvective Schmidt number and motile parameter diminish the density of motile bacteria. Researchers are interested in this fluid model because gyrotactic organisms boost bioconvective mixing, which improves heat and mass transfer; this mechanism is directly applicable to practical systems like bioreactors, wastewater treatment, microfluidic gadgets, and bioenergy generation.

本研究的目的是探索麦克斯韦流体的稳定二维流动行为，重点关注温度、速度、浓度和运动微生物密度分布等重要因素的特性。讨论了吸力雷诺数、能量激活和非线性热辐射的作用。通过插入适当的相似变量，将控制方程转化为无因次形式，并利用bvp4c技术对得到的非线性方程进行数值求解。图表描绘了各种物理因素对温度、速度、浓度和可动微生物密度边界层剖面的影响。此外，研究还显示了表面摩擦系数、传质率和密度数的变化。研究结果表明，底波拉数和磁参量对流体速度和剪应力有一定的影响。热源参数和埃克特数增加了热边界层的厚度。同时，雷诺数和施密特数减小了浓度弥散。此外，生物对流施密特数和运动参数降低了运动菌的密度。研究人员对这种流体模型感兴趣，因为回旋生物促进了生物对流混合，从而改善了传热和传质；该机制可直接应用于生物反应器、废水处理、微流体装置和生物能源发电等实际系统。

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引用次数: 0