International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献_第3页

Dynamics of heat transfer in complex fluid systems: Comparative analysis of Jeffrey, Williamson and Maxwell fluids with chemical reactions and mixed convection 复杂流体系统的传热动力学：杰弗里、威廉姆森和麦克斯韦流体与化学反应和混合对流的比较分析

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100896

This study addresses the complex dynamics of heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems involving Jeffrey, Williamson, Maxwell, and Newtonian fluids, focusing on how chemical reactions, activation energy, porosity, and mixed convection impact fluid behavior. The problem is critical due to the significant influence these factors have on industrial processes and applications involving non-Newtonian fluids. The developed a mathematical model represented by partial differential equations (PDEs), which were solved using similarity transformations and the fourth order Runge-Kutta (R-K) method combined with shooting technique, with MATLAB software facilitating the solution process. The results reveal that variations in magnetic field strength, porosity, and buoyancy force significantly affect fluid velocities, while radiation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis alter temperature profiles. Furthermore, chemical reaction rates, Schmidt number, relaxation constant, and activation energy influence fluid concentrations. Key findings include that increasing porosity and magnetic field strength generally decreases fluid velocity, while higher radiation and Prandtl numbers reduce temperature. Chemical reactions and activation energy decrease fluid concentrations, with non-Newtonian fluids showing more pronounced effects compared to Newtonian fluids. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of multiple interacting parameters and their combined effects on heat transfer in MHD systems, providing insights that extend beyond previous studies in the literature. This research offers valuable implications for optimizing fluid dynamics in various industrial applications, including food processing, ink formulation, and friction reduction.

本研究探讨了涉及杰弗里流体、威廉姆森流体、麦克斯韦流体和牛顿流体的磁流体动力学（MHD）系统中复杂的传热动力学，重点关注化学反应、活化能、孔隙率和混合对流如何影响流体行为。由于这些因素对涉及非牛顿流体的工业过程和应用具有重大影响，因此这个问题非常关键。研究建立了一个由偏微分方程（PDEs）表示的数学模型，并使用相似变换和四阶 Runge-Kutta (R-K) 方法结合射影技术进行求解，MATLAB 软件为求解过程提供了便利。结果表明，磁场强度、孔隙率和浮力的变化会显著影响流体速度，而辐射、布朗运动和热泳会改变温度曲线。此外，化学反应速率、施密特数、弛豫常数和活化能也会影响流体浓度。主要发现包括：增加孔隙率和磁场强度通常会降低流体速度，而较高的辐射和普朗特数则会降低温度。化学反应和活化能会降低流体浓度，与牛顿流体相比，非牛顿流体的影响更为明显。这项研究的新颖之处在于全面分析了多个相互作用的参数及其对 MHD 系统传热的综合影响，提供了超越以往文献研究的见解。这项研究为优化食品加工、油墨配方和减少摩擦等各种工业应用中的流体动力学提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Ignition and cool flame interactions of DME/H2/air blends in a micro-channel with a wall temperature gradient 壁温梯度微通道中二甲醚/H2/空气混合物的点火和冷焰相互作用

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100891

Two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to study the flame dynamics of DME/H₂/air mixtures in a microchannel with a controlled wall temperature profile. The characteristics of premixed stoichiometric DME/H₂/air flames at various H₂ compositions (% by volume) are analyzed in a 1 mm diameter tube of 120 mm length for a mixture inlet velocity of 0.15 m/s at 300 K temperature and 1 bar pressure. For every mixture composition under investigation, flame repetitive extinction and ignition (FREI) instability is noted. When the hydrogen percentage in the mixture rises, the frequency of FREI considerably decreases. The effect of hydrogen addition is nonlinear when the H₂ composition in the mixture is above 40 %. Throughout the FREI cycle, a stable, weak flame is observed at the upstream side of the combustor. When the H₂ composition in the mixture is increased to 80 %, the hot flame interacts with the weak flame, resulting in an increased rate of weak flame reactions. The weak flame shifts further upstream in this condition. The CH₂O and H₂O₂ produced at the weak flame region are being consumed downstream, resulting in another peak in heat release rate between the cool flame and hot flame regions. This intermediate peak disappears during the propagation phase.

通过二维数值模拟研究了二甲醚/H2/空气混合物在具有受控壁温曲线的微通道中的火焰动力学。在温度为 300 K、压力为 1 bar、混合物入口速度为 0.15 m/s 的情况下，分析了在直径为 1 mm、长度为 120 mm 的管道中不同 H2 成分（体积百分比）的预混合 Stoichiometric DME/H2/air 火焰的特性。对于所研究的每种混合物成分，都注意到了火焰重复熄灭和点燃（FREI）的不稳定性。当氢气在混合物中的比例上升时，FREI 的频率会大大降低。当混合物中的氢含量超过 40% 时，加氢的影响是非线性的。在整个 FREI 循环中，在燃烧器的上游侧观察到稳定而微弱的火焰。当混合物中的 H2 成分增加到 80% 时，热火焰与弱火焰相互作用，导致弱火焰反应速率增加。在这种情况下，弱火焰会进一步向上游移动。弱焰区产生的 CH2O 和 H2O2 在下游被消耗，导致冷焰区和热焰区之间的热释放率出现另一个峰值。这个中间峰值在传播阶段消失。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal performance of phase change materials in different triple-glazed window configurations 不同三层玻璃窗配置中相变材料热性能的实验和数值研究

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100889

Phase Change Materials (PCM) may be excellent thermal insulation due to their poor conductivity and high heat capacity. Researchers are adding PCM to windows. This integration modifies internal surface temperatures and delays peak temperatures to improve indoor thermal comfort. This work investigates experimentally and numerically the impact of the different filling materials in four Triple Glazed Windows (TGW) configurations in an Iraqi environment: the first window filled two cavities with air (standard); the second window has one cavity filled with a PCM and the other with air; the third window has blinders with various tilt angles in one cavity and PCM in the other cavity; and in the fourth window, both cavities are filled with PCM. Numerically utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics to evaluate the thermal performance of TGW. In August, when the solar radiation was at its maximum (623 W/m²), the results showed that the peak interior surface temperature dropped by 4.51, 13.28 and 11.53 % in the TGW configurations (PCM-air), (blinder-PCM), and (PCM-PCM), compared to the standard TGW. The fourth window increased the time lag by 2 h, effectively shifting the load and in the third window, the best tilt angle blinder is 45°

相变材料（PCM）具有低传导性和高热容量的特点，因此可能是绝佳的隔热材料。研究人员正在将 PCM 添加到窗户中。这种集成可改变内表面温度并延缓温度峰值，从而改善室内热舒适度。这项工作通过实验和数值计算研究了伊拉克环境中四种三层玻璃窗 (TGW) 配置中不同填充材料的影响：第一种窗户的两个空腔填充空气（标准）；第二种窗户的一个空腔填充 PCM，另一个填充空气；第三种窗户的一个空腔填充不同倾斜角度的百叶窗，另一个空腔填充 PCM；第四种窗户的两个空腔都填充 PCM。利用计算流体力学对 TGW 的热性能进行数值评估。结果表明，在八月份太阳辐射达到最大值（623 W/m2）时，与标准 TGW 相比，TGW 配置（PCM-空气）、（鼓风机-PCM）和（PCM-PCM）的室内表面温度峰值分别下降了 4.51%、13.28% 和 11.53%。第四个窗口的时滞增加了 2 小时，有效地转移了负荷，而在第三个窗口中，鼓风机的最佳倾斜角度为 45°。

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引用次数: 0

Analysing fluid flow and heat transfer comparatively in flow passage systems: Evaluating thermal impacts and geometric configurations 对流动通道系统中的流体流动和传热进行比较分析：评估热影响和几何结构

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100894

This research thoroughly examines heat transfer and fluid flow in a passage flow system, highlighting the difficulties posed by different geometric arrangements and temperature conditions that may affect the system's performance. The main aim is to evaluate the impacts of different geometric characteristics on the velocity, pressure, and temperature profiles inside the flow route. These factors encompass cavity dimensions, tube diameter, and input conditions. An inclusive comparison of three different geometric designs at controlled temperatures is conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The findings indicate that the optimal geometric parameters improve thermal performance, with certain arrangements displaying improvements in heat transfer rates up to 30 %. In this regard, the higher cavity dimensions and suitable input velocities are exposed as advantages. The first sample exhibited a higher velocity of 0.024 m s^-1 due to its simpler geometry and favorable heating conditions, while the third sample demonstrated a higher temperature of 465 K due to its complex cavity shape and multiple heating sources. This study suggests that enhancing efficiency in heat management applications necessitates a strategic design approach for passage flow systems, which must account for flow characteristics and geometric specifications. This research would provide insightful information for designers and engineers looking at enhancing fluid flow systems across a range of industrial applications.

这项研究深入探讨了通道流动系统中的传热和流体流动，强调了不同几何布置和温度条件可能影响系统性能所带来的困难。主要目的是评估不同几何特征对流道内速度、压力和温度曲线的影响。这些因素包括空腔尺寸、管道直径和输入条件。通过计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟，在受控温度下对三种不同的几何设计进行了全面比较。研究结果表明，最佳几何参数可改善热性能，某些排列方式的传热率可提高 30%。在这方面，较高的空腔尺寸和合适的输入速度是其优势所在。第一个样品因其较简单的几何形状和有利的加热条件而显示出 0.024 m s-1 的较高速度，而第三个样品因其复杂的空腔形状和多个加热源而显示出 465 K 的较高温度。这项研究表明，要提高热管理应用的效率，就必须对通道流动系统采取战略性设计方法，其中必须考虑流动特性和几何规格。这项研究将为设计师和工程师在一系列工业应用中改进流体流动系统提供有见地的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Computational simulation of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow with Rosseland approximation and uneven heat source/sink 采用罗斯兰德近似和不均匀热源/散热的卡松混合纳米流体流动的计算模拟

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100893

This article candidly presents the magnetohydrodynamics Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface. In the present study, we added a nonuniform heat source or sink and non-linear thermal radiation. We considered Al₂O₃ and copper nanoparticles to have antibacterial and antiviral properties without any harmful impacts and used water as the host fluid. We simplified the governing flow equations by using suitable self-similarity variables, which are used to convert PDEs to ODEs. The mathematical equations are numerically solved by using the bvp5c technique in the MATLAB software. Additionally, with higher values of the magnetic field and Casson fluid parameters the velocity profile decreased. The temperature profile is enhanced by increasing the magnetic field and thermal radiation parameters. Increasing the Casson fluid and radiation parameters enhances the skin friction and Nusselt number profiles. Alumina nanoparticles find applications in cosmetic fillers, polishing materials, catalyst carriers, analytical reagents. Copper nanoparticles have high electrical conductivity, which has many uses in electrical circuits and biosensors.

本文坦率地介绍了拉伸表面上的磁流体动力学卡松混合纳米流体流动。在本研究中，我们加入了非均匀热源或散热器以及非线性热辐射。我们认为 Al2O3 和铜纳米粒子具有抗菌和抗病毒特性，不会产生任何有害影响，并使用水作为主流体。我们使用适当的自相似变量简化了流动方程，并将 PDE 转换为 ODE。我们使用 MATLAB 软件中的 bvp5c 技术对数学方程进行了数值求解。此外，磁场和卡松流体参数值越大，速度曲线越小。温度曲线随着磁场和热辐射参数的增加而增强。增加卡松流体和辐射参数会增强皮肤摩擦和努塞尔特数曲线。氧化铝纳米粒子可应用于化妆品填料、抛光材料、催化剂载体和分析试剂。纳米铜粒子具有高导电性，在电路和生物传感器中用途广泛。

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引用次数: 0

Zeotropic mixture as a working fluid for cascade Rankine cycle-based reverse osmosis: Energy, exergy, and economic analysis 将沸腾混合物作为基于级联朗肯循环的反渗透的工作流体：能量、放能和经济分析

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100890

This study investigates the cascade Rankine cycle coupled with a reverse osmosis system for brackish groundwater treatment. The proposed system integrates a steam Rankine cycle (SRC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in a looped configuration, utilizing solar energy as a heat source. Each Rankine cycle is coupled with reverse osmosis (RO) to produce approximately 1 m³/h of permeate from each RO system. The system is investigated with working fluid combinations from R1233zd(E), R1234ze(Z), and R1336mzz(Z). Through comprehensive energy, exergy, and economic analyses, the system's performance is evaluated with zeotropic mixtures compared to pure R1233zd(E). The results demonstrate reliable performance with zeotropic mixtures, particularly R1233zd(E)/R1234ze(Z) with a mass composition of 0.6/0.4, demonstrating the maximum ORC expander work output of 1.15 kW. Parametric analysis reveals remarkable performance under different ORC system parameters. Variations in SRC condensation pressure show a trade-off performance between SRC and ORC turbine work output. Exergy analysis reveals an increase in exergy destruction by evaporation-based ORC components and a reduction in exergy destruction by condensation-based components, emphasizing improved irreversibility during the condensation process. Economic analysis indicates a marginal impact on the overall system cost, with the treated water cost ranging from 0.891 to 0.919 $/m³.

本研究探讨了用于咸水地下水处理的级联朗肯循环与反渗透系统。拟议的系统利用太阳能作为热源，将蒸汽朗肯循环 (SRC) 和有机朗肯循环 (ORC) 集成在一个循环配置中。每个朗肯循环与反渗透（RO）相结合，从每个反渗透系统产生约 1 立方米/小时的渗透液。该系统采用 R1233zd(E)、R1234ze(Z) 和 R1336mzz(Z) 工作流体组合进行研究。通过全面的能量、放能和经济分析，评估了与纯 R1233zd(E) 相比，使用各向同性混合物的系统性能。结果表明，各向同性混合物的性能可靠，特别是质量成分为 0.6/0.4 的 R1233zd(E)/R1234ze(Z)，其 ORC 膨胀机的最大功输出为 1.15 千瓦。参数分析表明，在不同的 ORC 系统参数下都有出色的性能。SRC 冷凝压力的变化表明 SRC 和 ORC 涡轮工作输出之间存在性能权衡。放能分析表明，基于蒸发的 ORC 组件的放能破坏增加，而基于冷凝的组件的放能破坏减少，强调了冷凝过程中不可逆性的改善。经济分析表明，对整个系统成本的影响微乎其微，处理水的成本在 0.891 到 0.919 美元/立方米之间。

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引用次数: 0

Application of artificial intelligence and red-tailed hawk optimization for boosting biohydrogen production from microalgae 应用人工智能和红尾鹰优化技术提高微藻生物制氢能力

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100876

Enhancing biohydrogen production from microalgae is crucial in addressing environmental and energy challenges. It provides a sustainable, clean energy source while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, it advances microalgae-based biotechnology, enabling innovative biofuel production and ecological revitalization. The main target of this study is to develop a robust ANFIS model to simulate the biohydrogen production process from microalgae within photobioreactors. The study focuses on enhancing hydrogen yield by optimizing three critical process parameters: sulfur concentration (%), run time (hours), and wet biomass concentration (g/L). Initially, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for biohydrogen production process is constructed based on empirical data. Subsequently, the red-tailed hawk algorithm (RTH) is used to determine the optimal values for the process parameters, corresponding to maximum hydrogen yield. The performance of ANFIS model in predicting hydrogen yield is assessed using root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient-of-determination (R²) values. The obtained RMSE values for training and testing data are 2.8477 × 10⁻⁰⁵ and 1.2807, respectively, while the corresponding R² values are 1.0 and 0.9911 for training and testing. The introduction of fuzzy logic into the model significantly improves its predictive accuracy, as evidenced by the drop in RMSE from 10.79 with ANOVA to 0.7159 with ANFIS, representing a substantial 93.4 % decrease. The remarkable precision of the ANFIS model, indicated by its low RMSE and high R² values, underscores the success of the modeling stage. The combination between ANFIS with the RTH technique yields impressive results, leading to a hydrogen yield enhancement of 6.87 % and 26.65 % when compared to both measured data and ANOVA.

提高微藻生物制氢能力对于应对环境和能源挑战至关重要。它提供了一种可持续的清洁能源，同时减少了温室气体排放。此外，它还推动了微藻生物技术的发展，实现了创新生物燃料生产和生态振兴。本研究的主要目标是开发一种稳健的 ANFIS 模型，用于模拟光生物反应器中微藻的生物制氢过程。研究重点是通过优化硫浓度（%）、运行时间（小时）和湿生物质浓度（克/升）这三个关键工艺参数来提高氢气产量。首先，根据经验数据构建了生物制氢工艺的自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）模型。随后，使用红尾鹰算法（RTH）确定工艺参数的最佳值，以获得最大氢气产量。ANFIS 模型预测氢气产量的性能使用均方根误差（RMSE）和确定系数（R2）值进行评估。训练数据和测试数据的 RMSE 值分别为 2.8477 × 10-05 和 1.2807，而相应的 R2 值分别为 1.0 和 0.9911。将模糊逻辑引入模型后，其预测精度得到了显著提高，RMSE 从方差分析的 10.79 下降到 ANFIS 的 0.7159，即大幅下降了 93.4%。ANFIS 模型的 RMSE 值和 R2 值都很低，这表明 ANFIS 模型非常精确，突出说明了建模阶段的成功。ANFIS 与 RTH 技术的结合产生了令人印象深刻的结果，与测量数据和方差分析相比，氢气产量分别提高了 6.87 % 和 26.65 %。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation and optimization of battery thermal management system based on composite phase change material and variable wall liquid cooling plate 基于复合相变材料和变壁液体冷却板的电池热管理系统的研究与优化

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100886

To mitigate the risk of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, an efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) assumes paramount importance. A BTMS based on composite phase change material (CPCM) and variable wall liquid cooling plate (LCP) is proposed in this research. The numerical model of the BTMS was established and experimentally validated. The influence of the wall of LCP on battery temperature was investigated, and the efficiency of phase change material (EOP) index was proposed to assess the efficacy of CPCM. The genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the structure of the CPCM, and the influence of flow rate on the maximum temperature of the battery pack was studied. The results demonstrate a reduction of 1.81 °C in the maximum temperature of the battery pack upon implementation of the variable wall LCP. The optimized EOP achieves a value of 0.07 °C/g, resulting in a temperature difference of 0.56 °C. Furthermore, maintaining the maximum temperature of the battery pack below 40 °C only requires a water flow rate greater than 0.89 g/s. These results can serve as a valuable reference for the development of battery thermal management systems utilizing CPCM and liquid-cooling.

为了降低锂离子电池热失控的风险，高效的电池热管理系统（BTMS）至关重要。本研究提出了一种基于复合相变材料（CPCM）和可变壁液体冷却板（LCP）的 BTMS。建立了 BTMS 的数值模型，并进行了实验验证。研究了 LCP 壁对电池温度的影响，并提出了相变材料效率（EOP）指标来评估 CPCM 的功效。采用遗传算法优化了 CPCM 的结构，并研究了流量对电池组最高温度的影响。结果表明，采用可变壁 LCP 后，电池组的最高温度降低了 1.81 °C。优化后的 EOP 值为 0.07 °C/g，温差为 0.56 °C。此外，将电池组的最高温度保持在 40 °C 以下只需要大于 0.89 g/s 的水流量。这些结果可作为利用 CPCM 和液冷技术开发电池热管理系统的宝贵参考。

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引用次数: 0

Computational influences of convection micropolar fluid influx and permeability on characteristics of heating rate and skin friction over vertical plate 对流微极性流体流入量和渗透率对垂直板上加热速率和表皮摩擦特性的计算影响

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100885

This manuscript merits at examining of an embedded orthogonal plate inside porous domain exposed to uniform heat influx to elaborate on how micro polar fluid factors and permeability characteristic affect the local skin friction, heating rate, and angular velocity inside boundary layer. The plate is subjected to forced convective micro polar fluid influx under steady, incompressible, and viscous circumstances. To facilitate dependable numerical solution, similarity approach is implemented to mutate set of coupled governing equations relevant to the adopted study into a constrained dimensionless differential equations. Computational analysis has been executed hiring Runge-Kutta scheme by Matlab function bvp4c to settle the governing equations. Study's results are highlighted graphically the impact of micro polar fluid factors on the local skin friction, heating rate, and angular velocity curves. High degree of acceptability of present findings compare with prior research results. It is found that the rising of Darcy parameter drives to decrease linearly both heating rate and local skin friction. Among the examined factors, the benchmark parameter of decreasing skin friction is the porosity. Additionally, it is found that an increasing of Prandtl number and micro rotation element lead to enhance Nusselt number. Once curves of micro rotation are interfered at certain distance from the plate due to increase in porosity, Darcy, Forchheimer's, and microelement rotation, the micro rotation curves are inverted.

本手稿的优点在于研究了暴露于均匀热流入的多孔域内的嵌入式正交板，详细阐述了微极性流体因素和渗透特性如何影响边界层内的局部表皮摩擦、加热速率和角速度。在稳定、不可压缩和粘性条件下，板受到强迫对流微极性流体流入的影响。为便于可靠的数值求解，采用了相似性方法，将与所采用研究相关的耦合控制方程组转换为受约束的无量纲微分方程。计算分析使用 Matlab 函数 bvp4c 的 Runge-Kutta 方案来解决控制方程。研究结果以图表形式突出显示了微极性流体因素对局部表皮摩擦、加热率和角速度曲线的影响。与之前的研究结果相比，本研究结果具有很高的可接受性。研究发现，达西参数的增加会导致加热速率和局部表皮摩擦力呈线性下降。在所研究的因素中，降低表皮摩擦的基准参数是孔隙率。此外，还发现普朗特尔数和微旋转元素的增加会导致努塞尔特数的增加。由于孔隙率、达西、福克海默和微旋转元素的增加，一旦微旋转曲线在离板一定距离处受到干扰，微旋转曲线就会倒转。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the performance and emissions of compression ignition engine powered by diesel and biodiesel blends 以柴油和生物柴油混合物为动力的压燃式发动机的性能和排放研究

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100869

This research tested all specifications of synthesized biodiesel according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The spirulina micro-algae synthesized biodiesel is mixed with conventional diesel in different blends named B0, B10, B20, and B30. The number after the letter “B” indicates the ratio of (biodiesel/diesel blend), which will be used instead of net diesel for experimental purposes. Those blend specifications are investigated, and results are tabled. The variable compression ratio, single-cylinder, water-cooled, and compression ignition engine, were utilized to study the effect of algae biodiesel/diesel blends on engine performance and its exhaust emission constituents. No hardware modification was required, and the blends directly injected in the combustion chambers. The experimental investigation showed that B10 with 14.5 CR and 25 % load -as compared with net diesel- enhances almost all performance parameters more than other blends (1.7 % more brake efficiency, 12.7 % less brake specific fuel consumption, 3.45 % less in exhaust temperature, 6.7 % more in A/F ratio, and volumetric efficiency was nearly the same). It also enhances some emission parameters more than other blends (12 % less in unburned hydrocarbons (UHC′s) emissions), but with a slight increase in nitric oxides (NO_X) emissions (2.4 % more than net diesel) with nearly the same values of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. In general, in comparison with net diesel and with icreasing blend ratio, the following results are observed: the volumetric efficiency results fluctuated with a slight difference. Both brake thermal efficiency, air/fuel ratio, and exhaust temperature were enhanced with a slight increase in brake-specific fuel consumption. For emissions: The carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions both are reduced significantly, while there was a slight increase in CO and UHC′s levels. Finally, this work recommends using the algae biodiesel as clean and substitution fuel.

这项研究根据美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）的标准测试了合成生物柴油的所有规格。螺旋藻微藻合成的生物柴油与传统柴油混合成不同的混合物，分别命名为 B0、B10、B20 和 B30。字母 "B "后面的数字表示（生物柴油/柴油混合物）的比例，实验中将使用该比例代替净柴油。对这些混合规格进行了研究，结果列于表中。利用可变压缩比、单缸、水冷和压燃发动机，研究了海藻生物柴油/柴油混合物对发动机性能及其废气排放成分的影响。无需对硬件进行改装，混合燃料直接注入燃烧室。实验结果表明，与净柴油相比，14.5CR 和 25% 负载的 B10 在几乎所有性能参数上都比其他混合物有更大的提高（制动效率提高 1.7%，制动比油耗降低 12.7%，排气温度降低 3.45%，A/F 比提高 6.7%，容积效率几乎相同）。与其他混合燃料相比，它还提高了一些排放参数（未燃碳氢化合物（UHC′s）排放量减少 12%），但一氧化氮（NOX）排放量略有增加（比净柴油高 2.4%），二氧化碳（CO2）和一氧化碳（CO）排放量几乎相同。总的来说，与净柴油相比，随着混合比的增加，观察到以下结果：容积效率结果有所波动，但差别不大。制动热效率、空燃比和排气温度都有所提高，但制动油耗略有增加。排放方面：二氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放量都有显著减少，而一氧化碳和超高硫含量则略有增加。最后，本研究建议使用藻类生物柴油作为清洁燃料和替代燃料。

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引用次数: 0