Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.2.98
R. Jamous, S. Y. A. Zaitoun, O. Mallah, M. Ali-Shtayeh
The incidence of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and biological and molecular characterization of the Palestinian isolates of ToBRFV are described in this study. Symptomatic leaf samples obtained from Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomatoes) and Nicotiana tabacum L. (cultivated tobacco) plants were tested for tobamoviruses infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tomato leaf samples collected from Tulkarm and Qalqilia are infected with ToBRFV-PAL with an infection rate of 76% and 72.5%, respectively. Leaf samples collected from Jenin and Nablus were found to be mixed infected with ToBRFV-PAL and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (100%). Sequence analysis of the ToBRFV-PAL genome showed that the net average nucleotide divergence between ToBRFV/F48-PAL strain and the Israeli and Turkish strains was 0.0026398±0.0006638 (±standard error of mean), while it was 0.0033066±0.0007433 between ToBRFV/F42-PAL and these two isolates. In the phylogenetic tree constructed with the complete genomic sequence, all the ToBRFV isolates were clustered together and formed a sister branch with the TMV. The sequenced Palestinian isolates of ToBRFV-PAL shared the highest nucleotide identity with the Israeli ToBRFV isolate suggesting that the virus was introduced to Palestine from Israel. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the biological and molecular characteristics of ToBRFV which would help in the management of the disease.
{"title":"Biological and Molecular Characterization of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) on Tomato Plants in the State of Palestine","authors":"R. Jamous, S. Y. A. Zaitoun, O. Mallah, M. Ali-Shtayeh","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.2.98","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and biological and molecular characterization of the Palestinian isolates of ToBRFV are described in this study. Symptomatic leaf samples obtained from Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomatoes) and Nicotiana tabacum L. (cultivated tobacco) plants were tested for tobamoviruses infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tomato leaf samples collected from Tulkarm and Qalqilia are infected with ToBRFV-PAL with an infection rate of 76% and 72.5%, respectively. Leaf samples collected from Jenin and Nablus were found to be mixed infected with ToBRFV-PAL and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (100%). Sequence analysis of the ToBRFV-PAL genome showed that the net average nucleotide divergence between ToBRFV/F48-PAL strain and the Israeli and Turkish strains was 0.0026398±0.0006638 (±standard error of mean), while it was 0.0033066±0.0007433 between ToBRFV/F42-PAL and these two isolates. In the phylogenetic tree constructed with the complete genomic sequence, all the ToBRFV isolates were clustered together and formed a sister branch with the TMV. The sequenced Palestinian isolates of ToBRFV-PAL shared the highest nucleotide identity with the Israeli ToBRFV isolate suggesting that the virus was introduced to Palestine from Israel. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the biological and molecular characteristics of ToBRFV which would help in the management of the disease.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45360565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.2.108
Gyo-Bin Lee, Taek-Hyeon Oh, Jae-Taek Ryu, Wan-Gyu Kim
In December 2020, stem and leaf rot symptoms in small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were observed in a farmer’s vinyl greenhouse located in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The incidence of diseased plants in the vinyl greenhouse was 2‒6%. Seven single-spore isolates of Phoma sp. were obtained from the diseased stems and leaves. All the isolates were identified as Boeremia linicola based on the cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics. Two isolates of B. linicola were tested for pathogenicity on stems and leaves of small-fruited tomato and large-fruited tomato using artificial inoculation. All the tested isolates caused stem and leaf rot symptoms in the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plants from the vinyl greenhouse investigated. This is the first report of B. linicola causing stem and leaf rot in tomato.
{"title":"Stem and Leaf Rot of Tomato Caused by Boeremia linicola","authors":"Gyo-Bin Lee, Taek-Hyeon Oh, Jae-Taek Ryu, Wan-Gyu Kim","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.2.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.2.108","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2020, stem and leaf rot symptoms in small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were observed in a farmer’s vinyl greenhouse located in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The incidence of diseased plants in the vinyl greenhouse was 2‒6%. Seven single-spore isolates of Phoma sp. were obtained from the diseased stems and leaves. All the isolates were identified as Boeremia linicola based on the cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics. Two isolates of B. linicola were tested for pathogenicity on stems and leaves of small-fruited tomato and large-fruited tomato using artificial inoculation. All the tested isolates caused stem and leaf rot symptoms in the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plants from the vinyl greenhouse investigated. This is the first report of B. linicola causing stem and leaf rot in tomato.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43271540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.19
Dohyun Kim, Taiying Li, Jungkwan Lee, Seunghoon Lee
Ginseng is an important medicinal plant cultivated in East Asia for thousands of years. It is typically cultivated in the same field for 4 to 6 years and is exposed to a variety of pathogens. Among them, ginseng root rot is the main reason that leads to the most severe losses. In this study, endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy ginseng, and endophytes with antagonistic effect against ginseng root rot pathogens were screened out. Among the 17 strains, three carried antagonistic effect, and were resistant to radicicol that is a mycotoxin produced by ginseng root rot pathogens. Finally, Bacillus velezensis CH-15 was selected due to excellent antagonistic effect and radicicol resistance. When CH-15 was inoculated on ginseng root, it not only inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen, but also inhibited the progression of disease. CH-15 also carried biosynthetic genes for bacillomycin D, iturin A, bacilysin, and surfactin. In addition, CH-15 culture filtrate significantly inhibited the growth and conidial germination of pathogens. This study shows that endophytic bacterium CH-15 had antagonistic effect on ginseng root rot pathogens and inhibited the progression of ginseng root rot. We expected that this strain can be a microbial agent to suppress ginseng root rot.
{"title":"Biological Efficacy of Endophytic Bacillus velezensis CH-15 from Ginseng against Ginseng Root Rot Pathogens","authors":"Dohyun Kim, Taiying Li, Jungkwan Lee, Seunghoon Lee","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Ginseng is an important medicinal plant cultivated in East Asia for thousands of years. It is typically cultivated in the same field for 4 to 6 years and is exposed to a variety of pathogens. Among them, ginseng root rot is the main reason that leads to the most severe losses. In this study, endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy ginseng, and endophytes with antagonistic effect against ginseng root rot pathogens were screened out. Among the 17 strains, three carried antagonistic effect, and were resistant to radicicol that is a mycotoxin produced by ginseng root rot pathogens. Finally, Bacillus velezensis CH-15 was selected due to excellent antagonistic effect and radicicol resistance. When CH-15 was inoculated on ginseng root, it not only inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen, but also inhibited the progression of disease. CH-15 also carried biosynthetic genes for bacillomycin D, iturin A, bacilysin, and surfactin. In addition, CH-15 culture filtrate significantly inhibited the growth and conidial germination of pathogens. This study shows that endophytic bacterium CH-15 had antagonistic effect on ginseng root rot pathogens and inhibited the progression of ginseng root rot. We expected that this strain can be a microbial agent to suppress ginseng root rot.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44911360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.46
M. Aktaruzzaman, T. Afroz, Byung-Sup Kim
In June 2017, in Gangneung, Gangwon Province, South Korea, green pea pods exhibited post-harvest rot symptoms. The fungus was isolated from infected pea pods and cultured on potato dextrose agar for identification. The morphological characteristics were examined, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the β-tubulin (βtub) gene were analyzed, and the pathogenicity was confirmed according to Koch’s postulates. The morphology, phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests confirmed that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the causal agent. This study reports the first case of post-harvest green pea pod rot caused by S. sclerotiorum in Korea.
{"title":"Post-harvest Green Pea Pod Rot Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Korea","authors":"M. Aktaruzzaman, T. Afroz, Byung-Sup Kim","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"In June 2017, in Gangneung, Gangwon Province, South Korea, green pea pods exhibited post-harvest rot symptoms. The fungus was isolated from infected pea pods and cultured on potato dextrose agar for identification. The morphological characteristics were examined, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the β-tubulin (βtub) gene were analyzed, and the pathogenicity was confirmed according to Koch’s postulates. The morphology, phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests confirmed that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the causal agent. This study reports the first case of post-harvest green pea pod rot caused by S. sclerotiorum in Korea.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.32
Na-kyeong Kim, Hyo-jeong Lee, Sang-Min Kim, R. Jeong
A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was conducted in major oat-growing areas of Korea in 2020. BYDV is an economically important pathogen of cereal crops that can be transmitted by aphids. The present study evaluated the genetic composition of BYDV in oat from eight geographical areas in Korea. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to screen 322 oat leaf samples for six BYDV strains (PAV, MAV, SGV, PAS, RPV, and RMV). The 125 samples (~39%) tested positive for BYDV. BYDV-PAV, BYDV-SGV, BYDV-PAS, and BYDV-RPV were detected from oat in different areas. Most of the BYDV-infected samples were assigned to subgroup I (n=112). The results indicate that BYDV-PAV could be dominant throughout Korea. Also, the phylogenetic analysis of coat protein sequences indicated that 23 BYDV isolates from Korea could be separated into two clades, which exhibited high nucleotide sequence similarity. In conclusion, the present survey provides a BYDV infection assessment for domestic oat varieties in Korea and basic information for the development of BYDV control measures in Korea’s oat industry.
{"title":"Incidence and Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus Infecting Oats in Korea","authors":"Na-kyeong Kim, Hyo-jeong Lee, Sang-Min Kim, R. Jeong","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was conducted in major oat-growing areas of Korea in 2020. BYDV is an economically important pathogen of cereal crops that can be transmitted by aphids. The present study evaluated the genetic composition of BYDV in oat from eight geographical areas in Korea. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to screen 322 oat leaf samples for six BYDV strains (PAV, MAV, SGV, PAS, RPV, and RMV). The 125 samples (~39%) tested positive for BYDV. BYDV-PAV, BYDV-SGV, BYDV-PAS, and BYDV-RPV were detected from oat in different areas. Most of the BYDV-infected samples were assigned to subgroup I (n=112). The results indicate that BYDV-PAV could be dominant throughout Korea. Also, the phylogenetic analysis of coat protein sequences indicated that 23 BYDV isolates from Korea could be separated into two clades, which exhibited high nucleotide sequence similarity. In conclusion, the present survey provides a BYDV infection assessment for domestic oat varieties in Korea and basic information for the development of BYDV control measures in Korea’s oat industry.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.
{"title":"Aromatic Agriculture: Volatile Compound-Based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Crop Protection","authors":"M. Riu, Jin-Soo Son, Sang-Keun Oh, C. Ryu","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.54
S. Choi, Nam-Goo Kim, Sang-Min Kim, Bong-Choon Lee
A peanut plant showing wilt and browned symptom was found in the field of Gochang, Korea, in July 2021. The symptomatic peanut plant was collected from the field and isolation of the pathogen caused the wilt symptom was performed using the collected sample on TZC media. The dominated colony on media was isolated colony on media was isolated and subcultured of purification. The pure cultured bacteria was identified as <>iRalstonia solanacearum by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction using phylotype-specific primer set identified isolate as phylotype I (R. pseudosolanacearum). Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 16S rRNA sequence and it was closed with R. pseudosolanacearum. Pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed by soil drenching inoculation on 4-week-old peanut plant. The wilt symptom was successfully reproduced by inoculation of the isolates after 14 days. This is first report of bacterial wilt caused by R. pseudosolanacearum on peanut in Korea.
{"title":"First Report of Bacterial Wilt by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum on Peanut in Korea","authors":"S. Choi, Nam-Goo Kim, Sang-Min Kim, Bong-Choon Lee","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"A peanut plant showing wilt and browned symptom was found in the field of Gochang, Korea, in July 2021. The symptomatic peanut plant was collected from the field and isolation of the pathogen caused the wilt symptom was performed using the collected sample on TZC media. The dominated colony on media was isolated colony on media was isolated and subcultured of purification. The pure cultured bacteria was identified as <>iRalstonia solanacearum by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction using phylotype-specific primer set identified isolate as phylotype I (R. pseudosolanacearum). Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 16S rRNA sequence and it was closed with R. pseudosolanacearum. Pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed by soil drenching inoculation on 4-week-old peanut plant. The wilt symptom was successfully reproduced by inoculation of the isolates after 14 days. This is first report of bacterial wilt caused by R. pseudosolanacearum on peanut in Korea.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48010146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.26
Young Sun Lee, Gyoung-Hee Kim, Y. Koh, J. Jung
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent responsible for the bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit plants. Psa strains are divided into five different biovars based on genetic and biochemical characteristics. Among them, biovar 2 and 3 strains of Psa were isolated and have been causing widespread damages in Korea. One of the most effective ways to control Psa is to use an antibiotic such as streptomycin. However, Psa strains resistant to this antibiotic were isolated in Korea, and an earlier study revealed that the resistance in the biovar 2 is associated with strA-strB genes. This study aimed to determine the molecular resistance mechanism of Psa biovar 3 strains to streptomycin. Sequencing the rpsL gene encoding ribosomal protein S12 from three streptomycin-resistant strains screened in the laboratory revealed that a spontaneous mutation occurred either at codon 43 or 88. Meanwhile, in four streptomycin-resistant strains of Psa biovar 3 isolated from two kiwifruit orchards, a single nucleotide in codon 43 of the rpsL, which is AAA in streptomycin-sensitive strain, was substituted for AGA causing an amino acid change from lysine to arginine. The resistant mechanism in all biovar 3 strains obtained in Korea was identified as a mutation of the rpsL gene.
{"title":"Mutation of rpsL Gene in Streptomycin-Resistant Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 3 Strains Isolated from Korea","authors":"Young Sun Lee, Gyoung-Hee Kim, Y. Koh, J. Jung","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent responsible for the bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit plants. Psa strains are divided into five different biovars based on genetic and biochemical characteristics. Among them, biovar 2 and 3 strains of Psa were isolated and have been causing widespread damages in Korea. One of the most effective ways to control Psa is to use an antibiotic such as streptomycin. However, Psa strains resistant to this antibiotic were isolated in Korea, and an earlier study revealed that the resistance in the biovar 2 is associated with strA-strB genes. This study aimed to determine the molecular resistance mechanism of Psa biovar 3 strains to streptomycin. Sequencing the rpsL gene encoding ribosomal protein S12 from three streptomycin-resistant strains screened in the laboratory revealed that a spontaneous mutation occurred either at codon 43 or 88. Meanwhile, in four streptomycin-resistant strains of Psa biovar 3 isolated from two kiwifruit orchards, a single nucleotide in codon 43 of the rpsL, which is AAA in streptomycin-sensitive strain, was substituted for AGA causing an amino acid change from lysine to arginine. The resistant mechanism in all biovar 3 strains obtained in Korea was identified as a mutation of the rpsL gene.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45931534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.51
Youn-Gi Moon, H. Seo, K. Park, Wan-Gyu Kim
In January 2021, unusual outbreak of shoot rot symptoms was observed in young spikenard (Aralia cordata) plants growing in vinyl greenhouses located in Chuncheon and Yanggu, Gangwon Province, Korea. The symptoms initially appeared on young shoots of the plants at or above the soil surface level. Later, the infected shoots wholly rotted and blighted. The incidence of diseased plants in the vinyl greenhouses investigated ranged from 5% to 30%. Eight isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. were obtained from shoot lesions of the diseased plants. All the isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 based on the morphological characteristics and anastomosis test. Three isolates of R. solani AG-2-1 were tested for pathogenicity on young shoots of spikenard plants using artificial inoculation. All the tested isolates induced shoot rot symptoms on the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in spikenard plants from the vinyl greenhouses investigated. This is the first report of R. solani AG-2-1 causing shoot rot in spikenard.
{"title":"Shoot Rot of Spikenard Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1","authors":"Youn-Gi Moon, H. Seo, K. Park, Wan-Gyu Kim","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2021, unusual outbreak of shoot rot symptoms was observed in young spikenard (Aralia cordata) plants growing in vinyl greenhouses located in Chuncheon and Yanggu, Gangwon Province, Korea. The symptoms initially appeared on young shoots of the plants at or above the soil surface level. Later, the infected shoots wholly rotted and blighted. The incidence of diseased plants in the vinyl greenhouses investigated ranged from 5% to 30%. Eight isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. were obtained from shoot lesions of the diseased plants. All the isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 based on the morphological characteristics and anastomosis test. Three isolates of R. solani AG-2-1 were tested for pathogenicity on young shoots of spikenard plants using artificial inoculation. All the tested isolates induced shoot rot symptoms on the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in spikenard plants from the vinyl greenhouses investigated. This is the first report of R. solani AG-2-1 causing shoot rot in spikenard.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44793452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.39
Y. Kwon, B. Cha, Mikyeong Kim
Patterns of occurrence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) with whitefly on summer-cultivated tomato in Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi Province were surveyed using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 2020. In addition, distribution of the whiteflies species and their viral transmission rates were investigated throughout the tomato growing season. The infection rates of TYLCV and ToCV increased sharply during harvest, and the single infection rates were 30.9% and 5.0%, respectively, with a mixed infection rate of the two viruses being the highest at 52.2%. Single infection with TYLCV and double infections with TYLCV and ToCV accounted for the majority with 83.1%. Bemisia tabaci were dominant over Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse grown plants, and all of the investigated B. tabaci biotypes were identified as Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype). The transmission rate of TYLCV, detected in every sampled B. tabaci MED population, was 21.4%, and the mixed transmission rate with ToCV was 35.5%. Viruliferous MED whiteflies with ToCV showed a higher rate than that of T. vaporariorum. In the transplant stage, viruliferous rate of both TYLCV and ToCV of B. tabaci was 42.7%; this rate was highest in the harvest stage. In examination of tomato yield, the increase in the mixed infection rate of TYLCV and ToCV led to complete yield loss. When the mixed infection rate increased by 10%, the yield decreased by 405.4 kg/10a.
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