Dusky-gilled mudskipper Periophthalmus variabilis, a member of the family Gobiidae, is a potential aquarium pet in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam; however, data on its feeding habit and intensity has been limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relative gut length (RGL) and gastro-somatic index (GI) of Periophthalmus variabilis in order to determine the feeding habit and intensity of this mudskipper and its variation regarding sex, size, season, site, and their interaction. One thousand one hundred seventy mudskipper samples were collected monthly in four locations: Duyen Hai-Tra Vinh, Tran De-Soc Trang, Hoa Binh-Bac Lieu, and Dam Doi-Ca Mau from January 2022 to December 2022. The analysis showed that Periophthalmus variabilis was a carnivorous fish with an average RGL value of 0.52±0.01 SE (<1). In addition, the RGL of this species varied and depended on size, sampling site, season, and the interaction of both size and season with locations. The GI of the mudskipper was 4.27±0.29 SE, indicating that its feeding intensity belonged to the moderate category and varied with size and site but not sex, season, and interactions. These results supplement novel knowledge on its feeding habit and intensity, a basis for researching the aquaculture of Periophthalmus variabilis in MD.
暗鳃弹涂鱼可变眼炎是戈比鱼科的一员，是越南湄公河三角洲（MD）的一种潜在的水族馆宠物；然而，关于其进食习惯和强度的数据有限。因此，本研究旨在评估可变眼炎的相对肠道长度（RGL）和胃肠体细胞指数（GI），以确定这种弹涂鱼的进食习惯和强度，以及它在性别、大小、季节、地点及其相互作用方面的变化。从2022年1月到2022年12月，每月在四个地点采集一千一百七十个弹涂鱼样本：Duyen Hai Tra Vinh、Tran De Soc Trang、Hoa Binh Bac Lieu和Dam Doi Ca Mau。结果表明，栓眼鱼为肉食性鱼类，平均RGL值为0.52±0.01SE（＜1）。此外，该物种的RGL各不相同，取决于大小、采样地点、季节以及大小和季节与地点的相互作用。弹涂鱼的GI为4.27±0.29 SE，表明其进食强度属于中等类别，随大小和地点而变化，但不随性别、季节和相互作用而变化。这些结果补充了关于其食性和强度的新知识，为在马里兰州研究栓眼菌的水产养殖奠定了基础。
{"title":"Feeding habit and intensity of Periophthalmus variabilis caught from some coastal provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","authors":"U. V. Hua, Q. Dinh, T. H. Nguyen","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.038","url":null,"abstract":"Dusky-gilled mudskipper Periophthalmus variabilis, a member of the family Gobiidae, is a potential aquarium pet in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam; however, data on its feeding habit and intensity has been limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relative gut length (RGL) and gastro-somatic index (GI) of Periophthalmus variabilis in order to determine the feeding habit and intensity of this mudskipper and its variation regarding sex, size, season, site, and their interaction. One thousand one hundred seventy mudskipper samples were collected monthly in four locations: Duyen Hai-Tra Vinh, Tran De-Soc Trang, Hoa Binh-Bac Lieu, and Dam Doi-Ca Mau from January 2022 to December 2022. The analysis showed that Periophthalmus variabilis was a carnivorous fish with an average RGL value of 0.52±0.01 SE (<1). In addition, the RGL of this species varied and depended on size, sampling site, season, and the interaction of both size and season with locations. The GI of the mudskipper was 4.27±0.29 SE, indicating that its feeding intensity belonged to the moderate category and varied with size and site but not sex, season, and interactions. These results supplement novel knowledge on its feeding habit and intensity, a basis for researching the aquaculture of Periophthalmus variabilis in MD.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42288920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of diet’s organic acid (OG) and garlic powder (GP) on the growth, carcass quality, and intestinal microflora of Tam Hoang chickens. The experiment consisted of three treatments and four replications in a completely randomized design; each replication was a pen (20 chickens/pen), and males and females were raised separately. The treatmentswere:1/Cont: Basal diet (BD) no supplementation; 2/OG: BD + 1g Poulacid /kg feed; 3/GP: BD + 1 g garlic powder/kg feed. Results showed that chickens fed Cont (1451 g /head) had lower final live weight than those having OG (1568 g/head) and GP (1521 g/head/day). So, the average daily gain (ADG) of chickens in Cont (16.8 g/head/day) and GP (17.7 g/head/day) were lower than in OG (18.2 g/head/day). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was similar in all treatments. Therefore, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed OG (3.04 kg feed/kg gain) was better than that in Cont (3.32 kg feed/kg gain). The density of Salmonella bacteria was not detectable in chicken feces at the 4th week age but became positive in Cont and GP treatments at the 10th week age. Supplementation of OG and GP reduced E. coli and Clostridium perfringens in the feces compared to control chickens at the 4th and 10th week age. In conclusion, adding OG or GP at the same dose (1g/kg feed) in Tam Hoang chicken diets improved ADG, FCR, and reduced E. coli and Clostridium perfringens densities in the feces compared to control chickens
{"title":"Effects of organic acid and garlic powder supplementations in the diet on growth and intestinal microflora of the exotic Tam Hoang chickens","authors":"N. T. Thuy, Le Thanh Phuong, C. Nguyen","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.039","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of diet’s organic acid (OG) and garlic powder (GP) on the growth, carcass quality, and intestinal microflora of Tam Hoang chickens. The experiment consisted of three treatments and four replications in a completely randomized design; each replication was a pen (20 chickens/pen), and males and females were raised separately. The treatmentswere:1/Cont: Basal diet (BD) no supplementation; 2/OG: BD + 1g Poulacid /kg feed; 3/GP: BD + 1 g garlic powder/kg feed. Results showed that chickens fed Cont (1451 g /head) had lower final live weight than those having OG (1568 g/head) and GP (1521 g/head/day). So, the average daily gain (ADG) of chickens in Cont (16.8 g/head/day) and GP (17.7 g/head/day) were lower than in OG (18.2 g/head/day). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was similar in all treatments. Therefore, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed OG (3.04 kg feed/kg gain) was better than that in Cont (3.32 kg feed/kg gain). The density of Salmonella bacteria was not detectable in chicken feces at the 4th week age but became positive in Cont and GP treatments at the 10th week age. Supplementation of OG and GP reduced E. coli and Clostridium perfringens in the feces compared to control chickens at the 4th and 10th week age. In conclusion, adding OG or GP at the same dose (1g/kg feed) in Tam Hoang chicken diets improved ADG, FCR, and reduced E. coli and Clostridium perfringens densities in the feces compared to control chickens","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43247275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial resistance from bacterial pathogens is becoming a health concern in many countries. The purpose of this investigation was to assess antimicrobial resistance and find out the prevalence of class 1 integrons from A. hydrophila that led to hemorrhagic disease in intensively farmed Tra catfish in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The research showed that a total of 74 isolates were isolated and identified as A. hydrophila by the API 20E kit and using the amplification products of the aerolysin gene for confirmation. The susceptibility of all isolates was tested against fifteen antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Our study indicated that most strains were resistant to the following antibiotics: trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefalexin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, neomycin, and gentamycin. In addition, the investigation also indicated that most A. hydrophila isolates displayed multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) index was high, ranging from 0.40 to 0.66 for A. hydrophila isolates, which indicated that these isolates were exposed to high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used. Among all isolates, 12.16% (9/74 isolates) of class 1 integrons were determined by polymerase chain reaction
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of integron in Aeromonas hydrophila from hemorrhagic diseased Pangasius catfish of the Mekong Delta","authors":"Q. Thi, Nguyen Bao Trung, Tu Thanh Dung","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance from bacterial pathogens is becoming a health concern in many countries. The purpose of this investigation was to assess antimicrobial resistance and find out the prevalence of class 1 integrons from A. hydrophila that led to hemorrhagic disease in intensively farmed Tra catfish in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The research showed that a total of 74 isolates were isolated and identified as A. hydrophila by the API 20E kit and using the amplification products of the aerolysin gene for confirmation. The susceptibility of all isolates was tested against fifteen antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Our study indicated that most strains were resistant to the following antibiotics: trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefalexin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, neomycin, and gentamycin. In addition, the investigation also indicated that most A. hydrophila isolates displayed multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) index was high, ranging from 0.40 to 0.66 for A. hydrophila isolates, which indicated that these isolates were exposed to high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used. Among all isolates, 12.16% (9/74 isolates) of class 1 integrons were determined by polymerase chain reaction","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47750604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yindee, Warisara Thomas, W. Wajjawalku, W. Wongsawang, N. Income, W. Horpiencharoen, Nuttapon Bangkaew, Worapong Kosaruk, Wasinee Thepapichaikul, Wallaya Manatchaiworakul, R. Pattanarangsan, D. Ketpun
Every year, ten thousand Sunda Pangolins (Manis javanica) are rescued and confiscated from the illegal trade around Southeast Asia, including Thailand. Most of them are usually moribund and need intensive veterinary interventions to recover their health before being released to the wild. However, a lack of reliable haematology and clinical biochemistry references for Thai confiscated Sunda pangolins is a major difficulty for reaching this goal. The aim of this study was to establish a standard panel of haematology and serum biochemistry profiles used for confiscated pangolins in Thailand. Coccygeal venepuncture of 52 confiscated pangolins was performed. Haematology and serum biochemistry data acquisitions were made using automated blood analysers. The lower and upper limits at 90% confidence interval were calculated. The means of all parameters were calculated and then compared with those in two previous studies (p < 0.005). Blood corpuscle morphometry was done manually. All blood corpuscles in females were bigger than males. There were differences of haematologic and biochemical parameters among this study and previous studies in some aspects. Wide scientific discussion was made to explain these variations. A panel of haematology and serum biochemistry profiles for Thai confiscated Sunda pangolin has been established. Veterinarians can refer to all parameters to evaluate the animals’ health and diseases.
{"title":"Clinical haematology, biochemistry profiles and erythrocytic morphometry of confiscated Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in the Centre for Rehabilitation and Quarantine of Confiscated Animals, Wildlife and Alien Species, Thailand","authors":"M. Yindee, Warisara Thomas, W. Wajjawalku, W. Wongsawang, N. Income, W. Horpiencharoen, Nuttapon Bangkaew, Worapong Kosaruk, Wasinee Thepapichaikul, Wallaya Manatchaiworakul, R. Pattanarangsan, D. Ketpun","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, ten thousand Sunda Pangolins (Manis javanica) are rescued and confiscated from the illegal trade around Southeast Asia, including Thailand. Most of them are usually moribund and need intensive veterinary interventions to recover their health before being released to the wild. However, a lack of reliable haematology and clinical biochemistry references for Thai confiscated Sunda pangolins is a major difficulty for reaching this goal. The aim of this study was to establish a standard panel of haematology and serum biochemistry profiles used for confiscated pangolins in Thailand. Coccygeal venepuncture of 52 confiscated pangolins was performed. Haematology and serum biochemistry data acquisitions were made using automated blood analysers. The lower and upper limits at 90% confidence interval were calculated. The means of all parameters were calculated and then compared with those in two previous studies (p < 0.005). Blood corpuscle morphometry was done manually. All blood corpuscles in females were bigger than males. There were differences of haematologic and biochemical parameters among this study and previous studies in some aspects. Wide scientific discussion was made to explain these variations. A panel of haematology and serum biochemistry profiles for Thai confiscated Sunda pangolin has been established. Veterinarians can refer to all parameters to evaluate the animals’ health and diseases.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42124059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we examined the feed and nutrient intake of captive small Indian civets (Viverricula indica) housed at the Chiang Mai Zoo (CMZ) and Demonstrated Farming Under Royal Project (DYF) in Ban Dong Yen in Thailand. The feed type and intake was recorded for 4 males and 5 females at both CMZ and DYF. Feed samples were collected for chemical analysis and nutrient intake was calculated in terms of dry matter (DM) to compare CMZ and DYF. There were 11 and 5 feed types at CMZ and DYF, respectively. DM intake of small Indian civets at CMZ was significantly lower than at DYF (32.84 ± 0.852 % vs 38.90 ± 0.184 %; P<0.05). Crude protein, ether extract (crude fat), ash, Ca and P intake of civets at CMZ was significantly lower than the intake at DYF (P<0.05). Meanwhile, crude fiber and NFE (nitrogen free extract) intake of civets at CMZ was significantly higher than at DYF (P<0.05). The amount of wax released by civets at CMZ was significantly higher than those at DYF (2.14 ± 0.43 vs 1.49 ± 0.01 g/head/month) (P<0.05). Results of this study provide guidelines and references for feeds and feed intake for captive small Indian civets.
在这里，我们检查了清迈动物园(CMZ)饲养的圈养小印度果子狸(viverrica indica)的饲料和营养摄入量，以及泰国班东雁皇家项目示范养殖(DYF)。在CMZ和DYF分别记录4只雄性和5只雌性的采食量和饲料类型。采集饲料样品进行化学分析，并以干物质(DM)计算营养采食量，比较CMZ和DYF。CMZ和DYF分别有11种和5种饲料类型。小印度果子狸在CMZ时的干物质摄入量显著低于DYF时(32.84±0.852 % vs 38.90±0.184 %);P < 0.05)。粗蛋白质、粗脂肪(粗脂肪)、粗灰分、钙和磷的采食量在CMZ时显著低于DYF时(P<0.05)。同时，CMZ组果子鼠粗纤维和无氮提取物采食量显著高于DYF组(P<0.05)。鼠蜡释放量(2.14±0.43 g/头/月)显著高于鼠蜡释放量(1.49±0.01 g/头/月)(P<0.05)。本研究结果为圈养小果子狸的饲料和采食量的选择提供了指导和参考。
{"title":"Nutrient intake of captive small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) in Chiang Mai Zoo and Demonstrated Farming Under Royal Project in Ban Dong Yen, Thailand","authors":"Theerapong Nakas, Phichit Chitmin, Ratchaneewan Punyatong, Runglawan Sangsuri, Sasiwimon Jatoorapattarawong, Pattaranun Whongchai, Tharathep Phopheng, Pradit Wonglungkar, Watcharaphong Kittichroenwit, M. Punyatong","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"Here we examined the feed and nutrient intake of captive small Indian civets (Viverricula indica) housed at the Chiang Mai Zoo (CMZ) and Demonstrated Farming Under Royal Project (DYF) in Ban Dong Yen in Thailand. The feed type and intake was recorded for 4 males and 5 females at both CMZ and DYF. Feed samples were collected for chemical analysis and nutrient intake was calculated in terms of dry matter (DM) to compare CMZ and DYF. There were 11 and 5 feed types at CMZ and DYF, respectively. DM intake of small Indian civets at CMZ was significantly lower than at DYF (32.84 ± 0.852 % vs 38.90 ± 0.184 %; P<0.05). Crude protein, ether extract (crude fat), ash, Ca and P intake of civets at CMZ was significantly lower than the intake at DYF (P<0.05). Meanwhile, crude fiber and NFE (nitrogen free extract) intake of civets at CMZ was significantly higher than at DYF (P<0.05). The amount of wax released by civets at CMZ was significantly higher than those at DYF (2.14 ± 0.43 vs 1.49 ± 0.01 g/head/month) (P<0.05). Results of this study provide guidelines and references for feeds and feed intake for captive small Indian civets.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46925978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wickramanayake, P. M. Kumarage, Sana Majeed, G. Heo
Plant-derived essential oils as an alternative treatment method for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have gained interest over the past few decades, particularly in the food and aquaculture industry. Essential oil is considered as a natural, cost-effective compound with a minimum impact on the environment. Studies have suggested the use of essential oils in the treatment and/or prevention of infectious diseases in fish may be a cost-effective alternative to synthetic antimicrobials. In addition to that,hundreds of different chemical profiles have been identified in essential oils. Particularly, in the same essential oil. In contrast to the synthetic antimicrobials that have unique chemical compositions between every product belonging to the same drug, the same essential oil may not perform unique antimicrobial activity every time. Therefore, more studies and concluded data are required for the effective usage of essential oils as an alternative to antimicrobial agents. In this review, we have summarized the studies about the several active essential oils that are known and tested against fish pathogenic bacteria because of their antimicrobial properties
{"title":"An overview of the antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against fish pathogenic bacteria","authors":"M. Wickramanayake, P. M. Kumarage, Sana Majeed, G. Heo","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-derived essential oils as an alternative treatment method for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have gained interest over the past few decades, particularly in the food and aquaculture industry. Essential oil is considered as a natural, cost-effective compound with a minimum impact on the environment. Studies have suggested the use of essential oils in the treatment and/or prevention of infectious diseases in fish may be a cost-effective alternative to synthetic antimicrobials. In addition to that,hundreds of different chemical profiles have been identified in essential oils. Particularly, in the same essential oil. In contrast to the synthetic antimicrobials that have unique chemical compositions between every product belonging to the same drug, the same essential oil may not perform unique antimicrobial activity every time. Therefore, more studies and concluded data are required for the effective usage of essential oils as an alternative to antimicrobial agents. In this review, we have summarized the studies about the several active essential oils that are known and tested against fish pathogenic bacteria because of their antimicrobial properties","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49325948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarawut Kheowsri, S. Rojanasthien, Warathit Semmarath, C. Stott, Paparwee Sungkatavat, Tanakorn Phetkarl, Phuthita Rueangareerat, A. Suprasert, R. Atthi, C. Chaimongkol, C. Lavilla, Sasisopa Singhanetr, V. Yiengvisavakul, Aphiwat Pisetpaisan, N. Choongkittaworn, Chalutwan Sansamur, Kittima Lewchalermvong
The objectives of this study were to investigate variations in the milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC) from dairy cooperatives in Northern Thailand from January 2017 to December 2021. Milk composition among dairy cooperatives was also compared. The dataset included monthly milk composition (total solid (TS)%, fat%, protein%, lactose%, solid not fat (SNF)% and SCC) data from 15 dairy cooperatives, 2 private organizations, and their milk collection centers (1,800 records) collected in five provinces, including Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, and Phrae. The seasons were cold season (November to February), hot season (March to June), and rainy season (July to October). The dataset was compared among dairy cooperatives using a general linear mixed model. To detect a correlation, spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between SCC and milk composition. Results showed that the season significantly affected milk composition. The hot season appeared as the most critical season for all the parameters examined, showing the significantly lowest values (P < 0.001) of TS (12.33±0.3%), fat (3.79±0.27%) and protein (3.02±0.07%) whereas, a significantly highest SCC was obtained in the rainy season (321.21±3.93 x 1,000 cell/ml). Milk collecting centers of dairy cooperatives located in many districts had significantly different milk composition and SCC values. Lactose is the milk component that undergoes the greatest variation in response to the increase in SCC. This study highlighted the variations influencing milk composition and provided information for stakeholders and their roles in the dairy sector at the farm, dairy cooperative, and provincial levels.
{"title":"Factors affecting milk composition in dairy farms located in Northern, Thailand","authors":"Sarawut Kheowsri, S. Rojanasthien, Warathit Semmarath, C. Stott, Paparwee Sungkatavat, Tanakorn Phetkarl, Phuthita Rueangareerat, A. Suprasert, R. Atthi, C. Chaimongkol, C. Lavilla, Sasisopa Singhanetr, V. Yiengvisavakul, Aphiwat Pisetpaisan, N. Choongkittaworn, Chalutwan Sansamur, Kittima Lewchalermvong","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to investigate variations in the milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC) from dairy cooperatives in Northern Thailand from January 2017 to December 2021. Milk composition among dairy cooperatives was also compared. The dataset included monthly milk composition (total solid (TS)%, fat%, protein%, lactose%, solid not fat (SNF)% and SCC) data from 15 dairy cooperatives, 2 private organizations, and their milk collection centers (1,800 records) collected in five provinces, including Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, and Phrae. The seasons were cold season (November to February), hot season (March to June), and rainy season (July to October). The dataset was compared among dairy cooperatives using a general linear mixed model. To detect a correlation, spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between SCC and milk composition. Results showed that the season significantly affected milk composition. The hot season appeared as the most critical season for all the parameters examined, showing the significantly lowest values (P < 0.001) of TS (12.33±0.3%), fat (3.79±0.27%) and protein (3.02±0.07%) whereas, a significantly highest SCC was obtained in the rainy season (321.21±3.93 x 1,000 cell/ml). Milk collecting centers of dairy cooperatives located in many districts had significantly different milk composition and SCC values. Lactose is the milk component that undergoes the greatest variation in response to the increase in SCC. This study highlighted the variations influencing milk composition and provided information for stakeholders and their roles in the dairy sector at the farm, dairy cooperative, and provincial levels.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41345482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alghirani Mohamed M., E. Chung, Nafeesa Abu Kassim, Yee Lyn Ong, F. Jesse, A. Sazili, T. Loh
The primary goal of this study was to determine the impacts of supplementing varying amounts of Y. schidigera saponins on the blood biochemistry and stress biomarkers of broiler chickens raised in tropical settings. A total of 300 male day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to six treatment groups. Treatment 1 broiler chickens were fed commercial diets with no added additives, whereas treatment 2 broiler chickens were offered commercial diets containing 100 mg/kg of the antibiotic oxytetracycline. Treatments 3, 4, 5, and 6 broiler chickens received similar commercial diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of powdered Y. Shidigera saponins, respectively, without antibiotics. On day 42, six broilers from each treatment were randomly selected, slaughtered, and blood samples were collected for serum lipid profile, liver function,acute phase proteins, hormone, and heat shock protein analyses. There were notable changes (P < 0.05) in the serum lipid profile, acute phase proteins, hormone, and heat shock protein among treatments. Broilers treated with 100 mg/kg of Y.Shidigera saponins in T6 showed the lowest levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations while having the highest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level without affecting the liver parameters. Moreover, the serum amyloid A, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, corticosterone, and heat shock protein 70 concentrations were also the lowest as compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, supplementing 100 mg/kg of Y. Shidigera saponins in broiler diets could improve lipid profiles and act as an anti-stress for commercial broilers raised in tropical regions.
{"title":"Blood biochemistry and stress biomarkers of broiler chickens supplemented with different levels of Yucca schidigera saponins reared under tropical conditions","authors":"Alghirani Mohamed M., E. Chung, Nafeesa Abu Kassim, Yee Lyn Ong, F. Jesse, A. Sazili, T. Loh","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this study was to determine the impacts of supplementing varying amounts of Y. schidigera saponins on the blood biochemistry and stress biomarkers of broiler chickens raised in tropical settings. A total of 300 male day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to six treatment groups. Treatment 1 broiler chickens were fed commercial diets with no added additives, whereas treatment 2 broiler chickens were offered commercial diets containing 100 mg/kg of the antibiotic oxytetracycline. Treatments 3, 4, 5, and 6 broiler chickens received similar commercial diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of powdered Y. Shidigera saponins, respectively, without antibiotics. On day 42, six broilers from each treatment were randomly selected, slaughtered, and blood samples were collected for serum lipid profile, liver function,acute phase proteins, hormone, and heat shock protein analyses. There were notable changes (P < 0.05) in the serum lipid profile, acute phase proteins, hormone, and heat shock protein among treatments. Broilers treated with 100 mg/kg of Y.Shidigera saponins in T6 showed the lowest levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations while having the highest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level without affecting the liver parameters. Moreover, the serum amyloid A, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, corticosterone, and heat shock protein 70 concentrations were also the lowest as compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, supplementing 100 mg/kg of Y. Shidigera saponins in broiler diets could improve lipid profiles and act as an anti-stress for commercial broilers raised in tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48832059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine (Car), creatine monohydrate (CrM) and their combination (CarCrM) as dietary antioxidants materials on productive performance, digestibility, ileal eubiosis, blood chemistry and redox system of stressed quails challenged by lead acetate (LA) in drinking water. In total, 600 quails were assigned into 5 treatments with 4 replications each and 30 chicks per replication from 1 until 42 days old. The treatments involved control (T1), stressed treatment (adding 2.5 ppm of LA in drinking water only; T2) and treatments of adding 500 mg/kg Car+LA (T3), 500 mg/kg CrM+LA (T4) and CarCrM (250 mg/kg Car plus 250 mg/kg CrM)+LA (T5). A completely randomized design was followed to analyze treatment influences on variables. In comparison to T2, the results showed that T5 and T4 had equivalent positive influence followed by T3 to increase (p≤0.05) body weight, feed intake, survivability, carcass yield and digestibility accompanied with increase lactic acid bacteria and reduced total coliform, E.coli in ileum. Also, increased levels (p≤0.05) of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione in serum and ferric-reducing ability of plasma were obtained by T5 followed by T4. Moreover, T5 and T4 achieved low values (p≤0.05) of feed efficiency and serum lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde, cortisol, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase,gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatine kinase and creatinine. The results confirm that dietary CarCrM or CrM mitigated stress and reinforced antioxidant pool which was reflected by supported productive and physiological aspects of birds. Dietary Car seemed less powerful effect than CarCrM and CrM but without negative influence compared with stressed treatment.
{"title":"Alleviating the oxidative stress in Japanese quails fed L- carnitine and creatine monohydrate through impacts on productive performance, ileal microflora, digestibility and redox system","authors":"Karrar Imad Abdulsahib Al-Shammari","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine (Car), creatine monohydrate (CrM) and their combination (CarCrM) as dietary antioxidants materials on productive performance, digestibility, ileal eubiosis, blood chemistry and redox system of stressed quails challenged by lead acetate (LA) in drinking water. In total, 600 quails were assigned into 5 treatments with 4 replications each and 30 chicks per replication from 1 until 42 days old. The treatments involved control (T1), stressed treatment (adding 2.5 ppm of LA in drinking water only; T2) and treatments of adding 500 mg/kg Car+LA (T3), 500 mg/kg CrM+LA (T4) and CarCrM (250 mg/kg Car plus 250 mg/kg CrM)+LA (T5). A completely randomized design was followed to analyze treatment influences on variables. In comparison to T2, the results showed that T5 and T4 had equivalent positive influence followed by T3 to increase (p≤0.05) body weight, feed intake, survivability, carcass yield and digestibility accompanied with increase lactic acid bacteria and reduced total coliform, E.coli in ileum. Also, increased levels (p≤0.05) of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione in serum and ferric-reducing ability of plasma were obtained by T5 followed by T4. Moreover, T5 and T4 achieved low values (p≤0.05) of feed efficiency and serum lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde, cortisol, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase,gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatine kinase and creatinine. The results confirm that dietary CarCrM or CrM mitigated stress and reinforced antioxidant pool which was reflected by supported productive and physiological aspects of birds. Dietary Car seemed less powerful effect than CarCrM and CrM but without negative influence compared with stressed treatment.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45710674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kittima Lewchalermvong, Pawinee Kulnanan, Kanpapat Boonchay, Sunsaneeya Thaikoed, Yotsapat Phetcharat, V. Yiengvisavakul, T. Damrongwatanapokin, C. Lavilla, J. Sumretprasong
Native Dang Surat chicken play an important role in poultry breeding of southern Thailand but their production performance falls short of commercial counterparts. Nevertheless, native birds have superior disease resistance while meat texture and taste of eggs are popular among Thais. Husbandry of native breeds are confined to smallholders who can only fulfil local niche outlets. To satisfy the wide-spread demand throughout Thailand and further afield, local-breed sires are crossed with high productivity hens. To maintain a constant supply of F1 hybrids, a colony of Dang Surat cocks are maintained by the Department of Livestock who select by phenotypes, not semen quality that determines male productivity. Accordingly, semen volume, pH, color and consistency, sperm motility, concentration, viability were measured. Morphology was also assessed by using eosin-nigrosin staining. Semen was slightly alkaline (pH, 8.0±0.1), mean volume=265±23 μL, had high sperm concentrations, 2740±76 x106/ml, of which 98.9±0.1% were viable. Abnormal sperm heads, tails and mid pieces, cytoplasmic droplets and detached heads comprised 1.5±0.3, 3.7±0.4, 0.3±0.1 and 0.8±0.1%, respectively. The findings showed normal seminal fluids and sperm parameters similar to commercial poultry semen in general. Our data will help develop efficient cockerel selection, natural flock breeding plan, and assisted reproduction by cryopreservation and artificial insemination to better meet market demands.
{"title":"Semen characterization of Dang Surat Thai native chicken","authors":"Kittima Lewchalermvong, Pawinee Kulnanan, Kanpapat Boonchay, Sunsaneeya Thaikoed, Yotsapat Phetcharat, V. Yiengvisavakul, T. Damrongwatanapokin, C. Lavilla, J. Sumretprasong","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Native Dang Surat chicken play an important role in poultry breeding of southern Thailand but their production performance falls short of commercial counterparts. Nevertheless, native birds have superior disease resistance while meat texture and taste of eggs are popular among Thais. Husbandry of native breeds are confined to smallholders who can only fulfil local niche outlets. To satisfy the wide-spread demand throughout Thailand and further afield, local-breed sires are crossed with high productivity hens. To maintain a constant supply of F1 hybrids, a colony of Dang Surat cocks are maintained by the Department of Livestock who select by phenotypes, not semen quality that determines male productivity. Accordingly, semen volume, pH, color and consistency, sperm motility, concentration, viability were measured. Morphology was also assessed by using eosin-nigrosin staining. Semen was slightly alkaline (pH, 8.0±0.1), mean volume=265±23 μL, had high sperm concentrations, 2740±76 x106/ml, of which 98.9±0.1% were viable. Abnormal sperm heads, tails and mid pieces, cytoplasmic droplets and detached heads comprised 1.5±0.3, 3.7±0.4, 0.3±0.1 and 0.8±0.1%, respectively. The findings showed normal seminal fluids and sperm parameters similar to commercial poultry semen in general. Our data will help develop efficient cockerel selection, natural flock breeding plan, and assisted reproduction by cryopreservation and artificial insemination to better meet market demands.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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