Patcharee Kanjak, W. Tapingkae, Chompunut Lumsangkul, T. Moonmanee, Wipasiri Chaiphun, S. Chotinun, M. Yachai, M. Punyatong
Dietary fiber was used for reduce feed cost in local animal production. However, other advantages effects were interesting to study. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigated effect of fiber source diet on performance, carcass quality, oxidative stress and intestinal morphology in Thai native chicken. A total of 300 one-day-old (mixed sex) crossbred native chicks (Pradu Hang dum) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment had 10 replicates with the crossbred native chickens 6 bird/replicates (1 to 12 weeks of age) were given different levels of banana stem and Napier grass. Treatment diets received as follows a basal diet; 100%, no supplement or control group (CON), basal diet; 95%, 90% supplemented with the banana stem at 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg (BS 5%, BS 10%) of diet, respectively, and basal diet; 95%, 90% supplemented with the Napier grass at 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg (NG 5%, NG 10%) of diet, respectively. The results of the study showed that the use of fiber source: banana stem at 50 g/kg and Napier grass 100 g/kg of the diet improved growth performance. The result showed benefits to increase body weight, improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per gain (FCG), improve to gut health by increase villus height (VH), Villus width (VW) in duodenal and jejunal small intestine morphology, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum (p < 0.001). In addition, significantly higher thigh meat percentage (p < 0.05) without effecting visceral weight and overall carcass percentage.
{"title":"Effect of fiber source diet supplement on growth performance, carcass quality, oxidative stress and intestinal morphology in Thai native chicken (Pradu Hang dum)","authors":"Patcharee Kanjak, W. Tapingkae, Chompunut Lumsangkul, T. Moonmanee, Wipasiri Chaiphun, S. Chotinun, M. Yachai, M. Punyatong","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary fiber was used for reduce feed cost in local animal production. However, other advantages effects were interesting to study. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigated effect of fiber source diet on performance, carcass quality, oxidative stress and intestinal morphology in Thai native chicken. A total of 300 one-day-old (mixed sex) crossbred native chicks (Pradu Hang dum) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment had 10 replicates with the crossbred native chickens 6 bird/replicates (1 to 12 weeks of age) were given different levels of banana stem and Napier grass. Treatment diets received as follows a basal diet; 100%, no supplement or control group (CON), basal diet; 95%, 90% supplemented with the banana stem at 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg (BS 5%, BS 10%) of diet, respectively, and basal diet; 95%, 90% supplemented with the Napier grass at 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg (NG 5%, NG 10%) of diet, respectively. The results of the study showed that the use of fiber source: banana stem at 50 g/kg and Napier grass 100 g/kg of the diet improved growth performance. The result showed benefits to increase body weight, improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per gain (FCG), improve to gut health by increase villus height (VH), Villus width (VW) in duodenal and jejunal small intestine morphology, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum (p < 0.001). In addition, significantly higher thigh meat percentage (p < 0.05) without effecting visceral weight and overall carcass percentage.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Suwannachot, Warisa Ketphan, Suphattra Jittimanee, P. Phuektes
Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the most common serovars associated with gastroenteritis in humans. Fluoroquinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella including S. Enteritidis has increased globally and is considered as a threat to public health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and examine virulence gene profiles of 69 S. Enteritidis isolates recovered from 46 boot swab and 23 intestinal samples collected from 69 commercial intensive broiler farms in Thailand. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of these isolates was determined using microbroth dilution method. PCR was used to detect 5 common PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA) and 12 important virulence genes (agfA, invA, spaN, prgH, sitC, ssaQ, mgtC, sopB, sifA, tolC, cdtB and spvC). All S. Enteritidis showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, with the MIC values of 0.125-0.50 µg/mL. However, these isolates did not carry PMQR genes investigated. The same virulence profile was observed among 69 S. Enteritidis isolates in which 11 virulence genes, except cdtB, were detected. The presence of virulence genes identified in invasive salmonellosis in the S. Enteritidis isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin could be of public health concerns. Our findings underline the need for constant monitoring of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Enteritidis in poultry production chain to reduce public health risk.
{"title":"Occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and virulence factors in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from broilers in Thailand isolated from broilers in Thailand","authors":"N. Suwannachot, Warisa Ketphan, Suphattra Jittimanee, P. Phuektes","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the most common serovars associated with gastroenteritis in humans. Fluoroquinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella including S. Enteritidis has increased globally and is considered as a threat to public health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and examine virulence gene profiles of 69 S. Enteritidis isolates recovered from 46 boot swab and 23 intestinal samples collected from 69 commercial intensive broiler farms in Thailand. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of these isolates was determined using microbroth dilution method. PCR was used to detect 5 common PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA) and 12 important virulence genes (agfA, invA, spaN, prgH, sitC, ssaQ, mgtC, sopB, sifA, tolC, cdtB and spvC). All S. Enteritidis showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, with the MIC values of 0.125-0.50 µg/mL. However, these isolates did not carry PMQR genes investigated. The same virulence profile was observed among 69 S. Enteritidis isolates in which 11 virulence genes, except cdtB, were detected. The presence of virulence genes identified in invasive salmonellosis in the S. Enteritidis isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin could be of public health concerns. Our findings underline the need for constant monitoring of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Enteritidis in poultry production chain to reduce public health risk.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43791244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review article was designed to spotlight on erysipelas infection of poultry regarding the disease history and nomenclature, the bacterium, virulence factors and pathogenicity, susceptibility, infection and transmission, pathology, human infection, laboratory diagnosis, and the prevention and control. Erysipelas is an acute emerging and occupational disease that affects a wide range of birds especially turkeys. The disease is caused by a bacterium, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae), which is a ubiquitous pathogen in the environment. Infection with E. rhusiopathiae is more common in adults than young birds and usually occur through mechanical skin injuries. Erysipelas in acute stage causes sudden death of infected birds, while some birds may show darkening of the skin or cyanosis in the head region and sharp drop in egg production. In post-mortem lesions, birds with E. rhusiopathiae show septicaemic picture, haemorrhages all over the body, valvular endocarditis, diffuse enlargement of internal organs, enteritis, and arthritis. The disease in human is known as erysipeloid and it mostly affects persons in direct contact with infected birds or contaminated poultry products. Strict biosecurity measures and treatment especially with penicillin derivatives are crucial for erysipelas control in infected birds. Living and inactivated vaccines for turkeys and other species of birds are used for prophylaxis.
{"title":"A review article on avian Erysipelas infection: An occupational disease of one health importance","authors":"W. A. Abd El-Ghany","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"This review article was designed to spotlight on erysipelas infection of poultry regarding the disease history and nomenclature, the bacterium, virulence factors and pathogenicity, susceptibility, infection and transmission, pathology, human infection, laboratory diagnosis, and the prevention and control. Erysipelas is an acute emerging and occupational disease that affects a wide range of birds especially turkeys. The disease is caused by a bacterium, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae), which is a ubiquitous pathogen in the environment. Infection with E. rhusiopathiae is more common in adults than young birds and usually occur through mechanical skin injuries. Erysipelas in acute stage causes sudden death of infected birds, while some birds may show darkening of the skin or cyanosis in the head region and sharp drop in egg production. In post-mortem lesions, birds with E. rhusiopathiae show septicaemic picture, haemorrhages all over the body, valvular endocarditis, diffuse enlargement of internal organs, enteritis, and arthritis. The disease in human is known as erysipeloid and it mostly affects persons in direct contact with infected birds or contaminated poultry products. Strict biosecurity measures and treatment especially with penicillin derivatives are crucial for erysipelas control in infected birds. Living and inactivated vaccines for turkeys and other species of birds are used for prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rerkyusuke, Pichayawadee Lamul, Chanoknan Thipphayathon, Kamonwan Kanawan, S. Porntrakulpipat
Roundworm nematodes are a significant problem in goat meat farming worldwide. These parasites can cause production losses, reduce feed efficiency and compromise animal health and welfare. Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are common anthelmintic drugs to treat roundworm nematode infection in livestock. The objective of study was to detect roundworm resistance to MLs in meat goats in Northeast Thailand. One hundred and nineteen goats from 6 herds were studied from June to December 2022. Each herd was randomly allocated to control (n=21), epinomectin (n=34), ivermectin (n=40) and moxidectin (n=24) groups. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) was assessed based on the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and larva culture at pre-treatment (D0) and 14 days post-treatment (D14). Prevalence of Strongyle nematodes and Trichuris spp. infection was 100% (6/6 herd), and 66.7% (4/6 herd), respectively. The number of Strongyle eggs was significantly reduced in the eprinomectin group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the ivermectin group was significantly increased (p < 0.01). The prevalence of ML resistance of Strongyle nematodes and Trichuris spp. was 83.3% (5/6 herd) and 25.0% (1/4 herd), respectively. The dominant larva was Haemonchus contortus at pre- and post-treatment in every herd. This study demonstrated the presence of ML resistant Strongyle nematodes as H. contortus and Trichuris spp. in this area. To reduce ML resistance it can be useful to use drugs in combination or rotate MLs with other classes of anthelmintics or in targeted treatment programs and integrated parasite management strategies. Consequently, the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in small ruminants needs to be monitored and surveilled in this area.
{"title":"Caprine Roundworm Nematode Resistance to Macrocyclic Lactones in Northeastern Thailand","authors":"S. Rerkyusuke, Pichayawadee Lamul, Chanoknan Thipphayathon, Kamonwan Kanawan, S. Porntrakulpipat","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"Roundworm nematodes are a significant problem in goat meat farming worldwide. These parasites can cause production losses, reduce feed efficiency and compromise animal health and welfare. Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are common anthelmintic drugs to treat roundworm nematode infection in livestock. The objective of study was to detect roundworm resistance to MLs in meat goats in Northeast Thailand. One hundred and nineteen goats from 6 herds were studied from June to December 2022. Each herd was randomly allocated to control (n=21), epinomectin (n=34), ivermectin (n=40) and moxidectin (n=24) groups. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) was assessed based on the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and larva culture at pre-treatment (D0) and 14 days post-treatment (D14). Prevalence of Strongyle nematodes and Trichuris spp. infection was 100% (6/6 herd), and 66.7% (4/6 herd), respectively. The number of Strongyle eggs was significantly reduced in the eprinomectin group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the ivermectin group was significantly increased (p < 0.01). The prevalence of ML resistance of Strongyle nematodes and Trichuris spp. was 83.3% (5/6 herd) and 25.0% (1/4 herd), respectively. The dominant larva was Haemonchus contortus at pre- and post-treatment in every herd. This study demonstrated the presence of ML resistant Strongyle nematodes as H. contortus and Trichuris spp. in this area. To reduce ML resistance it can be useful to use drugs in combination or rotate MLs with other classes of anthelmintics or in targeted treatment programs and integrated parasite management strategies. Consequently, the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in small ruminants needs to be monitored and surveilled in this area.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duanghathai Saipinta, P. Chuammitri, S. Ohkura, Banlang Luangwaranan, P. Tadee
Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) could considerably assist in clinical management resolving outbreaks of diseases in humans and animals. The RIDT for animals is rarely available and considerably expensive, especially in Thailand. In this study, therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the capacity of a commercial human RIDT “QuickNavi™Flu2”, an RIDT for influenza viruses A and B, to detect influenza viruses A antigen including 2 inactivated swine influenza viruses: H1N1 and H3N2, canine parainfluenza virus, and feline calicivirus. In addition, the efficacy of QuickNavi™Flu2 was compared with the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (real-time rt-PCR). Both of SIV were used as stock solutions, and were serially diluted 6 concentrations before testing. The stock and diluted solutions of both SIV, specimens of canine parainfluenza virus, feline calicivirus and 96 unknown samples were tested by QuickNavi™Flu2 according to the guideline. Then all of samples were repeated testing with real-time rt-PCR assay. Results showed that Quick Navi-Flu could not give positive results for dilutions lower than 1:10 and 1:100, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values of QuickNavi™Flu2 test in comparison to real-time rt-PCR assay for influenza A virus were 36.1% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, a human RIDT can detect swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 in high viral concentration, and appeared to be a useful tool for screening in animals when the viral load is sufficient.
{"title":"Human rapid influenza diagnostic test: efficacy and significance for using in animal","authors":"Duanghathai Saipinta, P. Chuammitri, S. Ohkura, Banlang Luangwaranan, P. Tadee","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) could considerably assist in clinical management resolving outbreaks of diseases in humans and animals. The RIDT for animals is rarely available and considerably expensive, especially in Thailand. In this study, therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the capacity of a commercial human RIDT “QuickNavi™Flu2”, an RIDT for influenza viruses A and B, to detect influenza viruses A antigen including 2 inactivated swine influenza viruses: H1N1 and H3N2, canine parainfluenza virus, and feline calicivirus. In addition, the efficacy of QuickNavi™Flu2 was compared with the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (real-time rt-PCR). Both of SIV were used as stock solutions, and were serially diluted 6 concentrations before testing. The stock and diluted solutions of both SIV, specimens of canine parainfluenza virus, feline calicivirus and 96 unknown samples were tested by QuickNavi™Flu2 according to the guideline. Then all of samples were repeated testing with real-time rt-PCR assay. Results showed that Quick Navi-Flu could not give positive results for dilutions lower than 1:10 and 1:100, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values of QuickNavi™Flu2 test in comparison to real-time rt-PCR assay for influenza A virus were 36.1% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, a human RIDT can detect swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 in high viral concentration, and appeared to be a useful tool for screening in animals when the viral load is sufficient.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cats with azotemia and uremia are increasingly treated with integrative and alternative treatments, including herbal medicines. KID-T (Sin-gi-hwan) is a supplement made of 100% natural herbs and contains 18 herbs, and the components were designed to improve renal function in. Feline renal patients with azotemia and uremia were recruited, and the efficacy of KID-T was examined. Four cats were treated with oral KID-T twice a day for 3 months, and blood biochemical profiles were examined to monitor the toxicity and efficacy of KID-T each month. KID-T was well-tolerated and relatively safe during the treatment period. After 3 months, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were relatively close to the normal reference range in all cats, and the urine protein–creatinine ratio decreased. Biochemical profile and clinical examination exhibited a stabilized status of renal function for 3 months. Overall, KID-T improves and maintains feline renal function, and future studies should evaluate other potential benefits of KID-T in feline renal patients, including correlative assessments of renal function, quality of life improvement, and patient-owner satisfaction.
{"title":"KID-T, a unique polyherbal extract, improves feline patients with azotemia and uremia: A pilot study","authors":"Wonseok Oh, Ilju Kim, Minsu Kim, Seung Joon Baek","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.045","url":null,"abstract":"Cats with azotemia and uremia are increasingly treated with integrative and alternative treatments, including herbal medicines. KID-T (Sin-gi-hwan) is a supplement made of 100% natural herbs and contains 18 herbs, and the components were designed to improve renal function in. Feline renal patients with azotemia and uremia were recruited, and the efficacy of KID-T was examined. Four cats were treated with oral KID-T twice a day for 3 months, and blood biochemical profiles were examined to monitor the toxicity and efficacy of KID-T each month. KID-T was well-tolerated and relatively safe during the treatment period. After 3 months, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were relatively close to the normal reference range in all cats, and the urine protein–creatinine ratio decreased. Biochemical profile and clinical examination exhibited a stabilized status of renal function for 3 months. Overall, KID-T improves and maintains feline renal function, and future studies should evaluate other potential benefits of KID-T in feline renal patients, including correlative assessments of renal function, quality of life improvement, and patient-owner satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135240213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amjed Alsultan, Dhama Al-sallami, Mohammed Alsaadi
Environment represents as a reservoir for emerging and disseminating of antibiotic resistance genes. Slaughterhouse waste is one of the important sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) even after treatment processes. This study was conducted to evaluate role of farm animal slaughterhouse in dissemination of antibiotics resistance in Al-Dewanyiah, Iraq. A total of eighty samples were collected from the central farm animal slaughterhouse. The detection was based on three mobile genetic elements and nine antibiotic resistance genes. The results showed that tetO & tetK are common resistance genes in the tested samples with great relative abundance 60%. While, MGE transposon (Tn3) was detected in 80% of the tested samples. Gene encoding resistance to quinolone, methicillin, aminoglycoside and β-lactamases were also detected in the tested samples. Presence of three class of integrons as a mobile genetic were tested and the results of type 1 recorded high abundance (P>0.05) as a compare with type 2 and type 3 integrons. Furthermore, concentrations of ARGs and MGEs per gram of sample were tested using qPCR. The genes encoding for tetracycline resistance and transposon (Tn3) were found in higher concentration (P>0.05) (copy number) per gram of slaughterhouse sediments comparing with the selected genes. Quantification of ARGs and MGEs in the slaughterhouse wastes indicates that those wastes represent as a hotspot for dissemination of antibiotic resistance to the environment. Low darning and no treatment for slaughterhouse wastes might increase abundance of ARGs and resistant bacteria in the natural environment.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance genes in farm animal slaughterhouse wastes in Al-Dewanyiah province, Iraq","authors":"Amjed Alsultan, Dhama Al-sallami, Mohammed Alsaadi","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.041","url":null,"abstract":"Environment represents as a reservoir for emerging and disseminating of antibiotic resistance genes. Slaughterhouse waste is one of the important sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) even after treatment processes. This study was conducted to evaluate role of farm animal slaughterhouse in dissemination of antibiotics resistance in Al-Dewanyiah, Iraq. A total of eighty samples were collected from the central farm animal slaughterhouse. The detection was based on three mobile genetic elements and nine antibiotic resistance genes. The results showed that tetO & tetK are common resistance genes in the tested samples with great relative abundance 60%. While, MGE transposon (Tn3) was detected in 80% of the tested samples. Gene encoding resistance to quinolone, methicillin, aminoglycoside and β-lactamases were also detected in the tested samples. Presence of three class of integrons as a mobile genetic were tested and the results of type 1 recorded high abundance (P>0.05) as a compare with type 2 and type 3 integrons. Furthermore, concentrations of ARGs and MGEs per gram of sample were tested using qPCR. The genes encoding for tetracycline resistance and transposon (Tn3) were found in higher concentration (P>0.05) (copy number) per gram of slaughterhouse sediments comparing with the selected genes. Quantification of ARGs and MGEs in the slaughterhouse wastes indicates that those wastes represent as a hotspot for dissemination of antibiotic resistance to the environment. Low darning and no treatment for slaughterhouse wastes might increase abundance of ARGs and resistant bacteria in the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43930370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. I. Itodo, T. Aluwong, C. Uchendu, N. E. Ogbuagu, J. Bugau, Bode Abdulmujeeb Adewuyi, F. Samuel, K. O. Abah, M. Shinkut, K. P. Ogbuagu
The study aimed to elucidate serum and testicular oxidative stress changes induced by bisphenol A (BPA) and their amelioration by Azanza garckeana (AG) pulp extract and melatonin. Adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks (n = 42), with average live weight of 1.2 ± 0.03 kg and aged 10-18 months were fed ad libitum on a commercial diet. They were randomly divided into seven groups of six (6) bucks each. Group A was administered distilled water (1.5 mL); group B, BPA (100 mg/kg); group C, AG (500 mg/kg); group D, melatonin (1.0 mg/kg); group E was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) for another six weeks; group F was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg ), then melatonin (1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks; and group G was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) and melatonin(1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activities of both serum and testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase, concentrations of and reduced glutathione concentration as well as a decrease in MDA concentration in treatment groups. Percentage dead sperm, spermatozoa abnormalities such as detached sperm heads, free, coiled and bent tails in the groups exposed to BPA increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to controls. It is concluded that BPA-induced oxidative stress. The administration of AG only ameliorated this negative effects better than melatonin. However, optimum results was seen when both substances were administered synergistically.
{"title":"The Comparative Effects of Azanza garckeana Fruit Pulp and Melatonin on Serum and Testicular Oxidative Stress Changes, Live Sperm Cells and Spermatozoa Abnormalities Evoked by Chronic Administration of Bisphenol A in Rabbit Bucks","authors":"J. I. Itodo, T. Aluwong, C. Uchendu, N. E. Ogbuagu, J. Bugau, Bode Abdulmujeeb Adewuyi, F. Samuel, K. O. Abah, M. Shinkut, K. P. Ogbuagu","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to elucidate serum and testicular oxidative stress changes induced by bisphenol A (BPA) and their amelioration by Azanza garckeana (AG) pulp extract and melatonin. Adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks (n = 42), with average live weight of 1.2 ± 0.03 kg and aged 10-18 months were fed ad libitum on a commercial diet. They were randomly divided into seven groups of six (6) bucks each. Group A was administered distilled water (1.5 mL); group B, BPA (100 mg/kg); group C, AG (500 mg/kg); group D, melatonin (1.0 mg/kg); group E was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) for another six weeks; group F was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg ), then melatonin (1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks; and group G was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) and melatonin(1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activities of both serum and testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase, concentrations of and reduced glutathione concentration as well as a decrease in MDA concentration in treatment groups. Percentage dead sperm, spermatozoa abnormalities such as detached sperm heads, free, coiled and bent tails in the groups exposed to BPA increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to controls. It is concluded that BPA-induced oxidative stress. The administration of AG only ameliorated this negative effects better than melatonin. However, optimum results was seen when both substances were administered synergistically.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42737705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. H. Albayati, Alaa Mohammed Al Khafaji, Aladin Kamel, H. Al-karagoly
The development of cattle industry in Iraq and its neighboring countries may be hampered by Theileria annulata (T. annulata) infection. In the present work, the cytochrome b gene (cyt-b) sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of T. annulata. Fifty blood samples collected randomly from 10 farms of Iraqi local breed cattle in Al-Diwaniyah province were analyzed for piroplasm using microscopic and molecular techniques. Microscopic examination revealed that 37 (74%) of the 50 blood samples examined were infected. In addition, the PCR test showed that 23 (62.2%) of the 37 blood samples (which tested positive (microscopically) were positive. The analysis of the cyt-b 1092 bp gene of T. annulata reported the presence of six genetically related clones. These six clones have been deposited in GenBank as [ON706262, ON706263, ON706264, ON706265, ON706266, and ON706267], and when compared to the T. annulata cyt-b gene (XM949625) from the GenBank database, a unique polymorphism at sixteen sites was discovered. Furthermore, the alignment of our amino acid sequences with the reference sequence reveals thirteen non-synonymous mutations in codons 11, 22, 33, 63, 103, 128, 130, 129, 172,178, and 190, and three silent mutations in codons 124, 128, and 275. Moreover, phylogenetically, our study clones were related to Iraqi, Indian, and Turkish clones. In conclusion, depending on the phylogenetic analysis the current study identified six T. annulata parasite isolates in Iraqi local breed cattle that were genetically related to the Indian, Iraqi, and Turkish clones.
{"title":"Microscopical and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata in Iraqi local breed cattle","authors":"H. H. Albayati, Alaa Mohammed Al Khafaji, Aladin Kamel, H. Al-karagoly","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"The development of cattle industry in Iraq and its neighboring countries may be hampered by Theileria annulata (T. annulata) infection. In the present work, the cytochrome b gene (cyt-b) sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of T. annulata. Fifty blood samples collected randomly from 10 farms of Iraqi local breed cattle in Al-Diwaniyah province were analyzed for piroplasm using microscopic and molecular techniques. Microscopic examination revealed that 37 (74%) of the 50 blood samples examined were infected. In addition, the PCR test showed that 23 (62.2%) of the 37 blood samples (which tested positive (microscopically) were positive. The analysis of the cyt-b 1092 bp gene of T. annulata reported the presence of six genetically related clones. These six clones have been deposited in GenBank as [ON706262, ON706263, ON706264, ON706265, ON706266, and ON706267], and when compared to the T. annulata cyt-b gene (XM949625) from the GenBank database, a unique polymorphism at sixteen sites was discovered. Furthermore, the alignment of our amino acid sequences with the reference sequence reveals thirteen non-synonymous mutations in codons 11, 22, 33, 63, 103, 128, 130, 129, 172,178, and 190, and three silent mutations in codons 124, 128, and 275. Moreover, phylogenetically, our study clones were related to Iraqi, Indian, and Turkish clones. In conclusion, depending on the phylogenetic analysis the current study identified six T. annulata parasite isolates in Iraqi local breed cattle that were genetically related to the Indian, Iraqi, and Turkish clones.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49060714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine the effects of threonine (Thr) and crude protein (CP) on the apparent nutrients, amino acid digestibility, and nitrogen balance of local Muscovy ducks at 8 and 10 weeks of age. The study was a 3x2 factorial design for two phases with three levels of CP (17, 18, and 19% CP) and two levels of Thr (0.7 and 0.8% Thr) for the first phase while three levels of CP (15, 16, and 17% CP) and two levels of Thr (0.5 and 0.6% Thr) for the second phase. The birds were fed and given water ad libitum for the entire experiment. The results showed that CP and Thr increased apparent nutrient digestibility, especially for DM digestibility (P < 0.05). Besides, Thr addition also increased OM, and NDF digestibility (P <0.05). In addition, nitrogen balance was better in high-dose Thr and CP diets (p<0.05). For amino acids, when increased Thr and CP levels, it increased the digestibility of Isoleucine, Threonine, and Valine (P < 0.05) while Thr levels increased Methionine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Tyrosine, and CP levels increased Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Valine, Alanine, Glutamic, Proline digestibility (P < 0.05). However, this study could not record any interactions between Thr and CP in the diet throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementation with 0.8% Thr and 19% CP for 5-8 weeks of age and 0.6% Thr and 17% CP for 8-10 weeks of age in the local Muscovy duck diet increased the digestibility of apparent nutrients and amino acids and balanced the nitrogen substance in the duck’s body.
{"title":"The interactive effects of threonine and crude protein level on apparent nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance in local Muscovy ducks","authors":"N. Dong, N. H. Qui, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effects of threonine (Thr) and crude protein (CP) on the apparent nutrients, amino acid digestibility, and nitrogen balance of local Muscovy ducks at 8 and 10 weeks of age. The study was a 3x2 factorial design for two phases with three levels of CP (17, 18, and 19% CP) and two levels of Thr (0.7 and 0.8% Thr) for the first phase while three levels of CP (15, 16, and 17% CP) and two levels of Thr (0.5 and 0.6% Thr) for the second phase. The birds were fed and given water ad libitum for the entire experiment. The results showed that CP and Thr increased apparent nutrient digestibility, especially for DM digestibility (P < 0.05). Besides, Thr addition also increased OM, and NDF digestibility (P <0.05). In addition, nitrogen balance was better in high-dose Thr and CP diets (p<0.05). For amino acids, when increased Thr and CP levels, it increased the digestibility of Isoleucine, Threonine, and Valine (P < 0.05) while Thr levels increased Methionine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Tyrosine, and CP levels increased Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Valine, Alanine, Glutamic, Proline digestibility (P < 0.05). However, this study could not record any interactions between Thr and CP in the diet throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementation with 0.8% Thr and 19% CP for 5-8 weeks of age and 0.6% Thr and 17% CP for 8-10 weeks of age in the local Muscovy duck diet increased the digestibility of apparent nutrients and amino acids and balanced the nitrogen substance in the duck’s body.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48991008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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