The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different preservatives on nutrient content, organic matter digestibility (OMD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), yeast, mold, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) concentrations of wet brewery grain (WBG). The experiment was undertaken for 28-days using five treatments (T); T1 = no preservative; T2 = 1.75% salt; T3 = 2.5% molasses; T4 = 2.5% Effective Microbial (EM) and T5 = 0.6% formic acid. Data was analyzed using a completely randomized two way factorial design of the mixed procedure of SAS (Version 9.1, 2001). The highest dry matter loss was for WBG stored with T1, while the lowest was for WBG treated with T5. WBG treated with T5 had the highest crude protein content, while those with T1 had the lowest. OMD of WBG treated with T5 was higher than T4. SCFA content of WBG treated with T3 was higher than those T4. WBG stored with T1 and T3 had a higher NH3N content than T4 and T5. WBG stored with T1 had the highest yeast and mold concentration, while WBG treated with T5 had the least. The highest LAB count was recorded for WBG treated with T5, while the least was for T1 and T3. Results has shown that preserving WBG with 0.6% formic acid is found to be more effective in terms of preventing spoilage by inhibiting mold and yeast growth as compared to other preservatives used in this study.
{"title":"Effect of locally available and commercial preservatives on nutrient content, organic matter digestibility and microbial changes of wet brewers' grain","authors":"Yunus Abdu, A. Tolera, A. Nurfeta, Barry Bradford","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different preservatives on nutrient content, organic matter digestibility (OMD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), yeast, mold, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) concentrations of wet brewery grain (WBG). The experiment was undertaken for 28-days using five treatments (T); T1 = no preservative; T2 = 1.75% salt; T3 = 2.5% molasses; T4 = 2.5% Effective Microbial (EM) and T5 = 0.6% formic acid. Data was analyzed using a completely randomized two way factorial design of the mixed procedure of SAS (Version 9.1, 2001). The highest dry matter loss was for WBG stored with T1, while the lowest was for WBG treated with T5. WBG treated with T5 had the highest crude protein content, while those with T1 had the lowest. OMD of WBG treated with T5 was higher than T4. SCFA content of WBG treated with T3 was higher than those T4. WBG stored with T1 and T3 had a higher NH3N content than T4 and T5. WBG stored with T1 had the highest yeast and mold concentration, while WBG treated with T5 had the least. The highest LAB count was recorded for WBG treated with T5, while the least was for T1 and T3. Results has shown that preserving WBG with 0.6% formic acid is found to be more effective in terms of preventing spoilage by inhibiting mold and yeast growth as compared to other preservatives used in this study.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41500666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ali Imran Mohamed Kamil, L. Abu-Bakar, M. Reduan, I. Kamaruzaman, Siti Nor Azizah Mahamud, A. Azmi, Mohammad Shukri Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Shaari Rumaizi, Sandie Choong Siew Shean
Avian colibacillosis is regarded as one of the most severe bacterial diseases in the poultry industry worldwide. Due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance issue in isolated E. coli from poultry sources, the application of medicinal plants to treat colibacillosis is widely being studied due to the presence of the respective bioactive compounds. This article reviewed studies between the year 2016 to 2022 that used medicinal plants as avian colibacillosis treatment in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The review provided insights to the readers regarding the type of plants used, the form of treatments and outcomes of previous experiments. A better understanding of the information addressed in this review article helps poultry researchers and industry to explore the potential of various medicinal plants in managing, reducing, and eliminating avian colibacillosis from poultry flocks.
{"title":"The Use of Medicinal Plants in Avian Colibacillosis Management: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Ali Imran Mohamed Kamil, L. Abu-Bakar, M. Reduan, I. Kamaruzaman, Siti Nor Azizah Mahamud, A. Azmi, Mohammad Shukri Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Shaari Rumaizi, Sandie Choong Siew Shean","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"Avian colibacillosis is regarded as one of the most severe bacterial diseases in the poultry industry worldwide. Due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance issue in isolated E. coli from poultry sources, the application of medicinal plants to treat colibacillosis is widely being studied due to the presence of the respective bioactive compounds. This article reviewed studies between the year 2016 to 2022 that used medicinal plants as avian colibacillosis treatment in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The review provided insights to the readers regarding the type of plants used, the form of treatments and outcomes of previous experiments. A better understanding of the information addressed in this review article helps poultry researchers and industry to explore the potential of various medicinal plants in managing, reducing, and eliminating avian colibacillosis from poultry flocks.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gandra, J. Damiani, T. A. Del Valle, C. Takiya, E. R. Oliveira, R. Goes, C. A. Pedrini, E. Gandra
The present study aimed to evaluate live yeast dietary supply instead of rbST application in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-five Holstein cows (37.1 ± 7.8 kg/d of milk yield and 524 ± 27 kg of body weight; mean ± SD) were used in a completely random trial to evaluate: 1) rbST: animals treated with 500 mg of rbST every 14 d; and 2) Yeast: animals fed diets containing 40 g/d of live yeast. The trial lasted for five subsequent 14-d periods. Treatments showed no effects on cows’ feed intake. Yeast reduced large and small particles selection indexes compared, feed residue and starch in feces compared to rbST. Cows treated with rbST had increased glucose, triglycerides, and AST, and decreased cholesterol and urea serum concentration. In addition, yeast reduced somatic cells count and increased milk yield and cows’ production efficiency. Although treatments showed no effects on milk chemical composition, yeast increased saturated to unsaturated fatty acids ratio. Yeast increased saturated and short-chain fatty acids, whereas reduced unsaturated and cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 FA content in milk fat. Thus, yeast could be used instead of rbST to improve milk yield and the productive efficiency of cows in a short-term evaluation
{"title":"Live yeasts as a non-hormonal alternative to improve the performance of dairy cows","authors":"J. Gandra, J. Damiani, T. A. Del Valle, C. Takiya, E. R. Oliveira, R. Goes, C. A. Pedrini, E. Gandra","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate live yeast dietary supply instead of rbST application in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-five Holstein cows (37.1 ± 7.8 kg/d of milk yield and 524 ± 27 kg of body weight; mean ± SD) were used in a completely random trial to evaluate: 1) rbST: animals treated with 500 mg of rbST every 14 d; and 2) Yeast: animals fed diets containing 40 g/d of live yeast. The trial lasted for five subsequent 14-d periods. Treatments showed no effects on cows’ feed intake. Yeast reduced large and small particles selection indexes compared, feed residue and starch in feces compared to rbST. Cows treated with rbST had increased glucose, triglycerides, and AST, and decreased cholesterol and urea serum concentration. In addition, yeast reduced somatic cells count and increased milk yield and cows’ production efficiency. Although treatments showed no effects on milk chemical composition, yeast increased saturated to unsaturated fatty acids ratio. Yeast increased saturated and short-chain fatty acids, whereas reduced unsaturated and cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 FA content in milk fat. Thus, yeast could be used instead of rbST to improve milk yield and the productive efficiency of cows in a short-term evaluation","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42565043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Porntip Kaoian, S. Buaban, W. Mitsuwan, W. Kitpipit
The objective of this research was to determine factors influencing to fat-to-protein ratio (FPR) in the first-lactation of dairy cows raised in tropical climate. The dataset included fat percentage, protein percentage, and FPR values from 160,506 records representing 23,201 first-lactation cows that calved between 1993 and 2017. These cows originated from 508 farms in all regions of Thailand. The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure in the R program. The models included herd-year-season of records, and breed group as fixed effects, and age at calving and days in milk as covariates. The result showed that the average fat percentage, protein percentage, and FPR were 3.560±0.960, 3.130±0.390 and 1.150±0.330, respectively. Effects of herd-year-season of records, breed group, age at calving, and days in milk were highly significant for all traits (P<0.05). Cows containing less than 87.50% Holstein Friesian (HF) blood gave fat percentage, protein percentage and FPR higher than 93.75%HF and 87.50-93.74%HF. The FPR was highest in the winter and lowest in the summer. In conclusion, present results indicated that fat percentage, protein percentage and FPR are clearly influenced by both genetic and non-genetic factors. Therefore, development of different breed, feeding systems, according to season and herd is needed to produce quality of fat and protein percentage.
{"title":"First-lactation milk fat-to-protein ratio in tropically-raised dairy cows: environmental and genetic influences","authors":"Porntip Kaoian, S. Buaban, W. Mitsuwan, W. Kitpipit","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine factors influencing to fat-to-protein ratio (FPR) in the first-lactation of dairy cows raised in tropical climate. The dataset included fat percentage, protein percentage, and FPR values from 160,506 records representing 23,201 first-lactation cows that calved between 1993 and 2017. These cows originated from 508 farms in all regions of Thailand. The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure in the R program. The models included herd-year-season of records, and breed group as fixed effects, and age at calving and days in milk as covariates. The result showed that the average fat percentage, protein percentage, and FPR were 3.560±0.960, 3.130±0.390 and 1.150±0.330, respectively. Effects of herd-year-season of records, breed group, age at calving, and days in milk were highly significant for all traits (P<0.05). Cows containing less than 87.50% Holstein Friesian (HF) blood gave fat percentage, protein percentage and FPR higher than 93.75%HF and 87.50-93.74%HF. The FPR was highest in the winter and lowest in the summer. In conclusion, present results indicated that fat percentage, protein percentage and FPR are clearly influenced by both genetic and non-genetic factors. Therefore, development of different breed, feeding systems, according to season and herd is needed to produce quality of fat and protein percentage.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45239838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Win, S. Kasemsuwan, Hnin Thidar Myint, M. Ekgatat, W. Phimpraphai
Brucellosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease and has a great economic impact on dairy production. In Yangon Region of Myanmar, 0.47% seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle and 8 human IgG positive cases was reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy farms and its risk factors as well as to assess the current knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dairy farmers regarding brucellosis. Our study was conducted in Hlegu and Taikkyi Township during September 2019 to January 2020. Pooled milk samples were collected from 174 dairy farms. Using Milk Ring Test (MRT), Brucella spp. was found in 30 dairy farms and the prevalence was 17.2%. Statistically significant farm factors associated with MRT positive results were farm location in Takkyi Township (Odds ratio (OR) 3.19; 95%CI =1.42, 7.15), pasture sharing (OR 3.43; 95%CI = 1.34, 8.76), and abortion (OR 2.68; 95% CI = 1.21, 5.98). Survey for the KAP for brucellosis in farmers indicated that good knowledge, attitudes and practices were in 35.1, 99.4, and 62.1% of the respondents, respectively. In conclusion, brucellosis was still a problem of dairy farms in study area and MRT can be used as a farm level screening test. Educational campaign for brucellosis prevention and control should be considered according to a lack of knowledge and inappropriate farm practices among dairy farmers
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and dairy farmers’ KAP in 2 townships, Myanmar","authors":"H. Win, S. Kasemsuwan, Hnin Thidar Myint, M. Ekgatat, W. Phimpraphai","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease and has a great economic impact on dairy production. In Yangon Region of Myanmar, 0.47% seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle and 8 human IgG positive cases was reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy farms and its risk factors as well as to assess the current knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dairy farmers regarding brucellosis. Our study was conducted in Hlegu and Taikkyi Township during September 2019 to January 2020. Pooled milk samples were collected from 174 dairy farms. Using Milk Ring Test (MRT), Brucella spp. was found in 30 dairy farms and the prevalence was 17.2%. Statistically significant farm factors associated with MRT positive results were farm location in Takkyi Township (Odds ratio (OR) 3.19; 95%CI =1.42, 7.15), pasture sharing (OR 3.43; 95%CI = 1.34, 8.76), and abortion (OR 2.68; 95% CI = 1.21, 5.98). Survey for the KAP for brucellosis in farmers indicated that good knowledge, attitudes and practices were in 35.1, 99.4, and 62.1% of the respondents, respectively. In conclusion, brucellosis was still a problem of dairy farms in study area and MRT can be used as a farm level screening test. Educational campaign for brucellosis prevention and control should be considered according to a lack of knowledge and inappropriate farm practices among dairy farmers","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42563610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natthakorn Chaiyasaen, K. Direksin, Nutravong Thitima, S. Nopwinyoowong
Pigs can have Arcobacter butzleri. However, information on A. butzleri in Thai pigs remains scarce. This work aimed to survey A. butzleri in healthy pigs and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility, potential transferrable antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence-associated genes (VAGs). Cross-sectional fecal samples of 203 pigs from 18 farms were cultured and molecularly identified. A. butzleri prevalence in all pigs was (31/203; 15.3%): nursery (0/8; 0%), finisher (27/144; 18.8%), and sow (4/51; 7.8%). The total farm A. butzleri prevalence was 50%: nursery (0/2: 0%), finisher (8/14: 57.1%), and sow (2/9: 22.2%) farms. From the 10 antibiotic disks evaluated, the isolates were mostly sensitive to imipenem (96.8%), tetracycline (83.9%), streptomycin (67.7%), and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (54.8%); however, they were mostly resistant to cefotaxime (98.6%), sulbactam/cefoperazone (71%), ampicillin (67.7%), enrofloxacin (48.4%), and fosfomycin (42.9%) and were neither sensitive nor resistant to erythromycin. Most multidrug resistance patterns in this study were in four to six classes. Three isolates resisted all 10 antibiotics. However, only the TetO gene was detected in one isolate, whereas ESBLs (SHV, CTX-M, and TEM), PMQRs (qnrA, qnrS, qnrB, oqxAB, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr), ermB, and mefA genes were not found in any isolates. The rankings of VAGs presented in the isolates were ciaB (100%), mviN (97%), pldA (93%), tlyA (90%), cj1349 (90%), cadF (83%), hecB (10%), hecA (7%), and irgA (0%), and most isolates carried six VAGs (77%). A. butzleri is present in healthy pigs, and this database is the first to show A. butzleri VAG and AMR genes in Thai pigs
{"title":"Prevalence, antibiograms, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from healthy pigs in mid-northeastern Thailand","authors":"Natthakorn Chaiyasaen, K. Direksin, Nutravong Thitima, S. Nopwinyoowong","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"Pigs can have Arcobacter butzleri. However, information on A. butzleri in Thai pigs remains scarce. This work aimed to survey A. butzleri in healthy pigs and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility, potential transferrable antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence-associated genes (VAGs). Cross-sectional fecal samples of 203 pigs from 18 farms were cultured and molecularly identified. A. butzleri prevalence in all pigs was (31/203; 15.3%): nursery (0/8; 0%), finisher (27/144; 18.8%), and sow (4/51; 7.8%). The total farm A. butzleri prevalence was 50%: nursery (0/2: 0%), finisher (8/14: 57.1%), and sow (2/9: 22.2%) farms. From the 10 antibiotic disks evaluated, the isolates were mostly sensitive to imipenem (96.8%), tetracycline (83.9%), streptomycin (67.7%), and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (54.8%); however, they were mostly resistant to cefotaxime (98.6%), sulbactam/cefoperazone (71%), ampicillin (67.7%), enrofloxacin (48.4%), and fosfomycin (42.9%) and were neither sensitive nor resistant to erythromycin. Most multidrug resistance patterns in this study were in four to six classes. Three isolates resisted all 10 antibiotics. However, only the TetO gene was detected in one isolate, whereas ESBLs (SHV, CTX-M, and TEM), PMQRs (qnrA, qnrS, qnrB, oqxAB, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr), ermB, and mefA genes were not found in any isolates. The rankings of VAGs presented in the isolates were ciaB (100%), mviN (97%), pldA (93%), tlyA (90%), cj1349 (90%), cadF (83%), hecB (10%), hecA (7%), and irgA (0%), and most isolates carried six VAGs (77%). A. butzleri is present in healthy pigs, and this database is the first to show A. butzleri VAG and AMR genes in Thai pigs","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46022386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swochhal Prakash Shrestha, W. Chaisowwong, O. Arjkumpa, M. Upadhyaya, Pragya Koirala, M. Maharjan, S. Shrestha, V. Punyapornwithaya
Rabies is an important zoonosis in both the public and animal health domains. The occurrences of animal rabies have been continuously reported in Nepal. For the effective control and management of animal rabies, a better understanding of rabies epidemiology is essential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the spatial distribution and to describe the epidemiological characteristics of animal rabies occurrences in Nepal. Official reports of rabies occurrences from 2005 to 2018 were analyzed using the Global Moran’s Index and Local Moran’s Index. The study revealed an increasing trend in the later years of the study period after 2014 with occurrences clustered around the southern region of the country. For the overall period, the high—high clustering areas were mostly found in Dailekh and Kailali. In addition, different areas were visualized as high-risk areas in various years. This study identified the high-risk areas of rabies; thus, authorities and stakeholders can utilize this finding in enhancing the rabies control program in the country
{"title":"Temporal trend and high-risk areas of rabies occurrences in animals in Nepal from 2005 to 2018","authors":"Swochhal Prakash Shrestha, W. Chaisowwong, O. Arjkumpa, M. Upadhyaya, Pragya Koirala, M. Maharjan, S. Shrestha, V. Punyapornwithaya","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is an important zoonosis in both the public and animal health domains. The occurrences of animal rabies have been continuously reported in Nepal. For the effective control and management of animal rabies, a better understanding of rabies epidemiology is essential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the spatial distribution and to describe the epidemiological characteristics of animal rabies occurrences in Nepal. Official reports of rabies occurrences from 2005 to 2018 were analyzed using the Global Moran’s Index and Local Moran’s Index. The study revealed an increasing trend in the later years of the study period after 2014 with occurrences clustered around the southern region of the country. For the overall period, the high—high clustering areas were mostly found in Dailekh and Kailali. In addition, different areas were visualized as high-risk areas in various years. This study identified the high-risk areas of rabies; thus, authorities and stakeholders can utilize this finding in enhancing the rabies control program in the country","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43748735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen in large ruminants that causes various clinical pathologies with great economic impact. Though mycoplasmas were thought to have gone reductive evolution that led to the loss of genetic materials leading to the marked absence of cell wall and canonical virulence factors, adaptation made by some M. bovis isolates include production of biofilms to survive, evade host immune response, persists in a biotic environment and may mount related responses that render chemotherapy ineffective. In this review, topics on biofilms commonly produced by M. bovis isolates were discussed to view its pathogenicity. Reports that describe the involvement of variable surface antigensin biofilm production of M. bovis are also presented. This information invites interest on biofilms anchored on studies where it can be developed to be utilized as platforms for the evaluation of antimicrobial treatments and for the identification of a preventive and control strategy against Mycoplasma bovis infection.
{"title":"Biofilm: a platform for the evaluation of antimicrobial treatments and prevention against Mycoplasma bovis infection","authors":"G. A. S. Tubalinal, G. G. Garcia, C. Mingala","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.040","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen in large ruminants that causes various clinical pathologies with great economic impact. Though mycoplasmas were thought to have gone reductive evolution that led to the loss of genetic materials leading to the marked absence of cell wall and canonical virulence factors, adaptation made by some M. bovis isolates include production of biofilms to survive, evade host immune response, persists in a biotic environment and may mount related responses that render chemotherapy ineffective. In this review, topics on biofilms commonly produced by M. bovis isolates were discussed to view its pathogenicity. Reports that describe the involvement of variable surface antigensin biofilm production of M. bovis are also presented. This information invites interest on biofilms anchored on studies where it can be developed to be utilized as platforms for the evaluation of antimicrobial treatments and for the identification of a preventive and control strategy against Mycoplasma bovis infection.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Yamsakul, T. Yano, K. Na Lampang, Manad Khamkong, L. Srikitjakarn
There have been attempts to use technology to distinguish pig coughs from other sounds on farms. Machine learning is being used to classify pig coughs via python. Sound files have been converted to images that are composed of wave plots,spectrograms and log power spectrograms for identification of those sounds. A recorder was used with a total of 45 healthy three-bred weaned piglets, wherein three replications of each were used with 15 weaning pigs per pen during different months. This process was set up within the housing unit at a ratio as 1:1 (recorder per pen). Sounds, blood samples and tonsil swabs were collected every month. Pig cough sounds were then classified from other sounds and a coughing index (CI) was established. Blood samples and tonsil swabs were utilized to determine respiratory diseases via laboratory tests that included ELISA, PCR and bacterial cultures. According to our results, pig coughs sound distinctly different from other sounds as had been classified by python. Moreover, the laboratory results of the seroprofile of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2), as was established by ELISA test, were employed in disease detection during the fattening period. Spearman rank correlations and Kappa analysis were used to establish correlation values between coughing and the results of laboratory tests. CI revealed a high correlation coefficient and agreement with the ELISA results of M.hyo, as well as the PCR results of PRRSv and PCV2 (p<0.05), while CI also revealed low correlation coefficient and agreement with the results of the Streptococcus spp. and Pasteurella spp. cultures (p>0.05). Therefore, the monitoring of coughing can be suited to detect respiratory problems and any potential relationships with M.hyo, PRRSv and PCV2 infections
{"title":"Classification and correlation of coughing sounds and disease status in fattening pigs","authors":"P. Yamsakul, T. Yano, K. Na Lampang, Manad Khamkong, L. Srikitjakarn","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"There have been attempts to use technology to distinguish pig coughs from other sounds on farms. Machine learning is being used to classify pig coughs via python. Sound files have been converted to images that are composed of wave plots,spectrograms and log power spectrograms for identification of those sounds. A recorder was used with a total of 45 healthy three-bred weaned piglets, wherein three replications of each were used with 15 weaning pigs per pen during different months. This process was set up within the housing unit at a ratio as 1:1 (recorder per pen). Sounds, blood samples and tonsil swabs were collected every month. Pig cough sounds were then classified from other sounds and a coughing index (CI) was established. Blood samples and tonsil swabs were utilized to determine respiratory diseases via laboratory tests that included ELISA, PCR and bacterial cultures. According to our results, pig coughs sound distinctly different from other sounds as had been classified by python. Moreover, the laboratory results of the seroprofile of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2), as was established by ELISA test, were employed in disease detection during the fattening period. Spearman rank correlations and Kappa analysis were used to establish correlation values between coughing and the results of laboratory tests. CI revealed a high correlation coefficient and agreement with the ELISA results of M.hyo, as well as the PCR results of PRRSv and PCV2 (p<0.05), while CI also revealed low correlation coefficient and agreement with the results of the Streptococcus spp. and Pasteurella spp. cultures (p>0.05). Therefore, the monitoring of coughing can be suited to detect respiratory problems and any potential relationships with M.hyo, PRRSv and PCV2 infections","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45129712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boualy Saphungthong, S. Thammawung, S. Sirisathien
Sericin, a protein produced by silk worm, has been used to improve quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in several species. However, the cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of spermatozoa has not been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the putative cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of bull spermatozoa followed by an assessment of in vitro fertilizing capacity of sericin-supplemented re-frozen spermatozoa. In experiment 1, the effect of 0.5% sericin supplemented in semen extender on re-freezing of spermatozoa was examined. Highly motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa were prepared with Percoll discontinuous gradient centrifugation prior to re-freezing. Refrozen-thawed spermatozoa were examined for motility, viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. In experiment 2, the effect of sericinsupplemented re-frozen spermatozoa on fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryonic development were determined using in vitro embryo production approach. Bovine oocytes were fertilized with three groups spermatozoa, re-frozen/control, re-frozen/sericin, and once frozen. The results showed that the total motility of re-frozen thawed spermatozoa in the sericin supplemented group was higher (53.9 % vs. 41.5%, p<0.05) than that of the control group whereas viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were unaffected. The proportion of cleaved oocytes in re-frozen/sericin-supplemented group was comparable to those in the re-frozen/control and once frozen groups. Additionally, the percentages of blastocyst development from cleaved oocytes were similar among the three groups. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that pretreatment of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with 0.5% sericin improved motility after re-frozen thawed without affecting the in vitro fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryonic development.
{"title":"Cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of bull spermatozoa and subsequent embryonic development after in vitro fertilization","authors":"Boualy Saphungthong, S. Thammawung, S. Sirisathien","doi":"10.12982/vis.2023.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2023.035","url":null,"abstract":"Sericin, a protein produced by silk worm, has been used to improve quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in several species. However, the cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of spermatozoa has not been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the putative cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of bull spermatozoa followed by an assessment of in vitro fertilizing capacity of sericin-supplemented re-frozen spermatozoa. In experiment 1, the effect of 0.5% sericin supplemented in semen extender on re-freezing of spermatozoa was examined. Highly motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa were prepared with Percoll discontinuous gradient centrifugation prior to re-freezing. Refrozen-thawed spermatozoa were examined for motility, viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. In experiment 2, the effect of sericinsupplemented re-frozen spermatozoa on fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryonic development were determined using in vitro embryo production approach. Bovine oocytes were fertilized with three groups spermatozoa, re-frozen/control, re-frozen/sericin, and once frozen. The results showed that the total motility of re-frozen thawed spermatozoa in the sericin supplemented group was higher (53.9 % vs. 41.5%, p<0.05) than that of the control group whereas viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were unaffected. The proportion of cleaved oocytes in re-frozen/sericin-supplemented group was comparable to those in the re-frozen/control and once frozen groups. Additionally, the percentages of blastocyst development from cleaved oocytes were similar among the three groups. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that pretreatment of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with 0.5% sericin improved motility after re-frozen thawed without affecting the in vitro fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryonic development.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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