Our study introduces an enhanced version of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a powerful tool that can be applied across various domains. This method plays a crucial role in our research, aiding in making well-informed decisions about smart tourism destination attributes. We achieved this by evaluating how 911 consumers from four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) rated these attributes based on their most recent tourist destination visit. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on subjective opinions or complex statistical models, the Improved IPA (IIPA) method offers a clear approach to decision-making. It enables decision-makers to focus on the most crucial attributes that drive consumer interest, thereby optimizing resource allocation and marketing efforts. Specifically, to remain competitive, decision-makers for smart tourist destinations should focus on queuing-time forecast and applications, websites, and content accessible for travelers with disabilities for Baby Boomers; e-complaint handling for Generation X; smart emergency response system for Millennials; and tourist-flow forecast, real-time traffic broadcast, electronic-entrance guard systems, and accessible data about physical design features of accommodation, restaurants, and tourist attractions for Generation Z. Theoretically, this study advances the research on managerial decision-making by demonstrating the effectiveness of the IIPA as a clear and straightforward method for making optimal decisions about product or service attributes. In practice, the study provides decision-makers with valuable insights into the importance of different categories of smart attributes in shaping the overall holiday experience at a tourist destination for Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z tourism consumers.
我们的研究引入了增强版的重要性-绩效分析（IPA）方法，这是一种可应用于各个领域的强大工具。该方法在我们的研究中发挥了至关重要的作用，有助于在充分了解情况的前提下做出关于智慧旅游目的地属性的决策。为此，我们评估了来自四个不同时代（婴儿潮一代、X 代、千禧一代和 Z 代）的 911 名消费者在最近一次旅游目的地访问中对这些属性的评价。与通常依赖主观意见或复杂统计模型的传统方法不同，改进型 IPA（IIPA）方法提供了一种清晰的决策方法。它使决策者能够专注于驱动消费者兴趣的最关键属性，从而优化资源分配和营销工作。具体来说，为保持竞争力，智慧旅游目的地的决策者应关注婴儿潮一代的排队时间预测和残障游客可访问的应用程序、网站和内容；X一代的电子投诉处理；千禧一代的智能应急系统；Z一代的游客流量预测、实时交通广播、电子门禁系统，以及住宿、餐饮和旅游景点物理设计特征的无障碍数据。从理论上讲，本研究通过证明 IIPA 作为一种清晰明了的方法，可以对产品或服务属性做出最优决策，从而推动了管理决策研究。在实践中，本研究为决策者提供了宝贵的见解，让他们了解不同类别的智能属性对于塑造婴儿潮一代、X 代、千禧一代和 Z 代旅游消费者在旅游目的地的整体度假体验的重要性。
{"title":"Optimized Decisions for Smart Tourism Destinations: A Cross-Generational Perspective Using an Improved Importance–Performance Analysis","authors":"Elena-Aurelia Botezat, Olimpia-Iuliana Ban, Adela Laura Popa, Dorin-Cristian Coita, Teodora Mihaela Tarcza","doi":"10.3390/systems12080297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080297","url":null,"abstract":"Our study introduces an enhanced version of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a powerful tool that can be applied across various domains. This method plays a crucial role in our research, aiding in making well-informed decisions about smart tourism destination attributes. We achieved this by evaluating how 911 consumers from four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) rated these attributes based on their most recent tourist destination visit. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on subjective opinions or complex statistical models, the Improved IPA (IIPA) method offers a clear approach to decision-making. It enables decision-makers to focus on the most crucial attributes that drive consumer interest, thereby optimizing resource allocation and marketing efforts. Specifically, to remain competitive, decision-makers for smart tourist destinations should focus on queuing-time forecast and applications, websites, and content accessible for travelers with disabilities for Baby Boomers; e-complaint handling for Generation X; smart emergency response system for Millennials; and tourist-flow forecast, real-time traffic broadcast, electronic-entrance guard systems, and accessible data about physical design features of accommodation, restaurants, and tourist attractions for Generation Z. Theoretically, this study advances the research on managerial decision-making by demonstrating the effectiveness of the IIPA as a clear and straightforward method for making optimal decisions about product or service attributes. In practice, the study provides decision-makers with valuable insights into the importance of different categories of smart attributes in shaping the overall holiday experience at a tourist destination for Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z tourism consumers.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhan Zhang, Yichang Shao, Xiaomeng Shi, Zhirui Ye
The continuous advancement of connected and automated driving technologies has garnered considerable public attention regarding the safety and reliability of automated vehicles (AVs). Comprehensive and efficient testing is essential before AVs can be deployed on public roads. Current mainstream testing methods involve high costs in real-world settings and limited immersion in numerical simulations. To address these challenges and facilitate testing in mixed traffic scenarios involving both human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and AVs, we propose a testing and evaluation approach using a driving simulator. Our methodology comprises three fundamental steps. First, we systematically classify scenario elements by drawing insights from the scenario generation logic of the driving simulator. Second, we establish an interactive traffic scenario that allows human drivers to manipulate vehicles within the simulator while AVs execute their decision and planning algorithms. Third, we introduce an evaluation method based on this testing approach, validated through a case study focused on car-following models. The experimental results confirm the efficiency of the simulation-based testing method and demonstrate how car-following efficiency and comfort decline with increased speeds. The proposed approach offers a cost-effective and comprehensive solution for testing, considering human driver behavior, making it a promising method for evaluating AVs in mixed traffic scenarios.
{"title":"A Testing and Evaluation Method for the Car-Following Models of Automated Vehicles Based on Driving Simulator","authors":"Yuhan Zhang, Yichang Shao, Xiaomeng Shi, Zhirui Ye","doi":"10.3390/systems12080298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080298","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous advancement of connected and automated driving technologies has garnered considerable public attention regarding the safety and reliability of automated vehicles (AVs). Comprehensive and efficient testing is essential before AVs can be deployed on public roads. Current mainstream testing methods involve high costs in real-world settings and limited immersion in numerical simulations. To address these challenges and facilitate testing in mixed traffic scenarios involving both human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and AVs, we propose a testing and evaluation approach using a driving simulator. Our methodology comprises three fundamental steps. First, we systematically classify scenario elements by drawing insights from the scenario generation logic of the driving simulator. Second, we establish an interactive traffic scenario that allows human drivers to manipulate vehicles within the simulator while AVs execute their decision and planning algorithms. Third, we introduce an evaluation method based on this testing approach, validated through a case study focused on car-following models. The experimental results confirm the efficiency of the simulation-based testing method and demonstrate how car-following efficiency and comfort decline with increased speeds. The proposed approach offers a cost-effective and comprehensive solution for testing, considering human driver behavior, making it a promising method for evaluating AVs in mixed traffic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Khalilzadeh, Jurgita Antucheviciene, Darko Božanić
Supply chain management and distribution network design has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The timely satisfaction of customer demands leads to reducing costs, improving service levels, and increasing customer satisfaction. For this purpose, in this research, the mathematical programming models for a two-level distribution network including central warehouses, regional warehouses, and customers are designed so that several products with definite demands in multiple periods are distributed from central warehouses to customers. In this problem, two objective functions are considered. The first objective function seeks to minimize the costs of establishment, transportation, inventory, and shortage, and the second objective function attempts to maximize the satisfaction level corresponding with the supply rate of different goods for numerous customers. The presented models include the basic model, inventory-based model, multi-period inventory-based model, and multi-period inventory-based reverse logistics model. The validation and applicability of the proposed models were demonstrated by implementation in a real case study of the automobile industry. The LINGO software 20.0 was used to solve the models. The results show that incorporating the inventory management policies into the basic model and converting from a single-period to a multi-period reverse logistics model will significantly increase company profitability and customer satisfaction.
{"title":"A Bi-Objective Model for the Multi-Period Inventory-Based Reverse Logistics Network: A Case Study from an Automobile Component Distribution Network","authors":"Mohammad Khalilzadeh, Jurgita Antucheviciene, Darko Božanić","doi":"10.3390/systems12080299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080299","url":null,"abstract":"Supply chain management and distribution network design has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The timely satisfaction of customer demands leads to reducing costs, improving service levels, and increasing customer satisfaction. For this purpose, in this research, the mathematical programming models for a two-level distribution network including central warehouses, regional warehouses, and customers are designed so that several products with definite demands in multiple periods are distributed from central warehouses to customers. In this problem, two objective functions are considered. The first objective function seeks to minimize the costs of establishment, transportation, inventory, and shortage, and the second objective function attempts to maximize the satisfaction level corresponding with the supply rate of different goods for numerous customers. The presented models include the basic model, inventory-based model, multi-period inventory-based model, and multi-period inventory-based reverse logistics model. The validation and applicability of the proposed models were demonstrated by implementation in a real case study of the automobile industry. The LINGO software 20.0 was used to solve the models. The results show that incorporating the inventory management policies into the basic model and converting from a single-period to a multi-period reverse logistics model will significantly increase company profitability and customer satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Qiu, Guohao Wang, Liying Yu, Yuanzhi Xing, Hui Yang
Presently, the practice of scientific crowdsourcing still suffers from user loss, platform operational inefficiency, and many other dilemmas, mainly because the process mechanism of realizing value co-creation through interaction between users and platforms has not yet been elaborated. To fill this gap, this study takes Kaggle as the research object and explores the realization process and internal mechanism of scientific crowdsourcing value co-creation from the perspective of knowledge flow. The results show that the operation process of Kaggle-based scientific crowdsourcing can be decomposed into five progressive evolutionary stages, including knowledge sharing, knowledge innovation, knowledge dissemination, knowledge application, and knowledge advantage formation. The knowledge flow activates a series of value co-creation activities of scientific crowdsourcing, forming a dynamic evolution and continuous optimization of the value co-creation process that includes the value proposition, value communication, value consensus, and all-win value. Institutional logic plays a key role as a catalyst in the value co-creation of scientific crowdsourcing, effectively facilitating the realization of value co-creation by controlling and guiding the flow of knowledge. The study unlocks the “gray box” from knowledge flow to value co-creation, providing new theoretical support and guidance for further enhancing the value co-creation capacity and accelerating the practice of scientific crowdsourcing.
{"title":"How Can Scientific Crowdsourcing Realize Value Co-Creation? A Knowledge Flow-Based Perspective","authors":"Ran Qiu, Guohao Wang, Liying Yu, Yuanzhi Xing, Hui Yang","doi":"10.3390/systems12080295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080295","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, the practice of scientific crowdsourcing still suffers from user loss, platform operational inefficiency, and many other dilemmas, mainly because the process mechanism of realizing value co-creation through interaction between users and platforms has not yet been elaborated. To fill this gap, this study takes Kaggle as the research object and explores the realization process and internal mechanism of scientific crowdsourcing value co-creation from the perspective of knowledge flow. The results show that the operation process of Kaggle-based scientific crowdsourcing can be decomposed into five progressive evolutionary stages, including knowledge sharing, knowledge innovation, knowledge dissemination, knowledge application, and knowledge advantage formation. The knowledge flow activates a series of value co-creation activities of scientific crowdsourcing, forming a dynamic evolution and continuous optimization of the value co-creation process that includes the value proposition, value communication, value consensus, and all-win value. Institutional logic plays a key role as a catalyst in the value co-creation of scientific crowdsourcing, effectively facilitating the realization of value co-creation by controlling and guiding the flow of knowledge. The study unlocks the “gray box” from knowledge flow to value co-creation, providing new theoretical support and guidance for further enhancing the value co-creation capacity and accelerating the practice of scientific crowdsourcing.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Zhang, Chu Zhang, Jun Chen, Guang Yang, Wei Wang
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are poised to revolutionize mobility. The relocation feature of CAVs enhances parking convenience for the public. Users can instruct CAVs to arrive at their work destination, drop them off, and then assign CAVs to a cost-effective parking facility through an optimized itinerary. However, realizing the benefits of CAVs depends on user acceptance, and the impact of relocation features on CAV acceptance remains an area that is yet to be explored. This study introduces a novel acceptance model to mainly investigate the effects of relocation-related factors on CAV acceptance through 717 valid responses. The results indicate that the perceived convenience of relocation (PCOR) indirectly increases human acceptance through three determinants, initial trust, perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU), while initial trust, PU, and PEOU directly increase human acceptance. The public expectations of saving on parking fees (EOSPF) can enhance PCOR. Additionally, a multigroup analysis revealed that PCOR exerts a more positive impact on PU or PEOU in subgroups including males, pre-Generation-Z individuals, experienced drivers, and those with autopilot riding experience. The findings on mediators are also discussed. This study provides valuable insights for further research and the practical adoption of emerging CAVs.
{"title":"Can Relocation Influence Human Acceptance of Connected and Automated Vehicles?","authors":"Ying Zhang, Chu Zhang, Jun Chen, Guang Yang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.3390/systems12080296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080296","url":null,"abstract":"Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are poised to revolutionize mobility. The relocation feature of CAVs enhances parking convenience for the public. Users can instruct CAVs to arrive at their work destination, drop them off, and then assign CAVs to a cost-effective parking facility through an optimized itinerary. However, realizing the benefits of CAVs depends on user acceptance, and the impact of relocation features on CAV acceptance remains an area that is yet to be explored. This study introduces a novel acceptance model to mainly investigate the effects of relocation-related factors on CAV acceptance through 717 valid responses. The results indicate that the perceived convenience of relocation (PCOR) indirectly increases human acceptance through three determinants, initial trust, perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU), while initial trust, PU, and PEOU directly increase human acceptance. The public expectations of saving on parking fees (EOSPF) can enhance PCOR. Additionally, a multigroup analysis revealed that PCOR exerts a more positive impact on PU or PEOU in subgroups including males, pre-Generation-Z individuals, experienced drivers, and those with autopilot riding experience. The findings on mediators are also discussed. This study provides valuable insights for further research and the practical adoption of emerging CAVs.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Lilia Coria Páez, Brenda Lorena Flores Hidalgo, Oswaldo Morales Matamoros, Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar, Hugo Quintana Espinosa
Dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) currently lacks a standard for their application, making it difficult to collect the consistent data necessary for comparative studies and the development of new evidence-based therapeutic strategies. Due to their high social component, DAT requires a standardized method that identifies the elements that affect them, understands their complex situations, and proposes solutions to the challenges. This study aims to establish the first steps towards standardizing DAT, using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as the central approach. SSM is suitable for addressing complex and ambiguous problems that involve multiple actors and perspectives. Through SSM, the study seeks to visualize problems, clarify conflict relationships that hinder standardization, and propose effective solutions. To establish an initial standard method, a time and motion study is performed to identify activities that disrupt the sequence of operations and the capture of EEG signals collected before, during, and after DAT. SSM allows for summarizing the current system situation, identifying and analyzing problems, clarifying challenges, and proposing pertinent solutions to achieve the standardization of this therapy. This methodology facilitates the identification of critical points and the development of intervention strategies that could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the therapeutic process, establishing a more coherent framework for the implementation of DAT. Thus, the contribution of this work is based on systems thinking to strategic management, as it demonstrates the potential role of systems thinking, specifically SSM, in analyzing complex problems, improving strategy mapping, fostering strategic decision making, and planning for the future in the context of strategic management.
海豚辅助疗法（DAT）目前缺乏应用标准，因此很难收集到比较研究和开发新的循证治疗策略所需的一致数据。由于海豚的社会性很强，因此需要一种标准化的方法来确定影响海豚的因素，了解海豚的复杂情况，并提出应对挑战的解决方案。本研究旨在以软系统方法论（SSM）为核心方法，为实现 DAT 标准化迈出第一步。软系统方法适用于解决涉及多方参与者和多角度的复杂而模糊的问题。本研究试图通过软系统方法将问题可视化，厘清阻碍标准化的冲突关系，并提出有效的解决方案。为了建立初步的标准方法，我们进行了时间和运动研究，以确定打乱操作顺序的活动，并捕捉 DAT 之前、期间和之后收集的脑电信号。通过 SSM，可以总结当前的系统状况，识别和分析问题，明确挑战，并提出相关解决方案，以实现该疗法的标准化。这种方法有助于确定关键点和制定干预策略，从而提高治疗过程的效率和效果，为 DAT 的实施建立一个更加协调一致的框架。因此，这项工作的贡献是基于战略管理的系统思维，因为它展示了系统思维，特别是 SSM，在分析复杂问题、改进战略规划、促进战略决策以及在战略管理背景下规划未来方面的潜在作用。
{"title":"Soft Systems Methodology in Standardizing the Method for Applying Dolphin-Assisted Therapies in Neurodivergent Patients: Case Study of Delfiniti Mexico","authors":"Ana Lilia Coria Páez, Brenda Lorena Flores Hidalgo, Oswaldo Morales Matamoros, Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar, Hugo Quintana Espinosa","doi":"10.3390/systems12080294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080294","url":null,"abstract":"Dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) currently lacks a standard for their application, making it difficult to collect the consistent data necessary for comparative studies and the development of new evidence-based therapeutic strategies. Due to their high social component, DAT requires a standardized method that identifies the elements that affect them, understands their complex situations, and proposes solutions to the challenges. This study aims to establish the first steps towards standardizing DAT, using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as the central approach. SSM is suitable for addressing complex and ambiguous problems that involve multiple actors and perspectives. Through SSM, the study seeks to visualize problems, clarify conflict relationships that hinder standardization, and propose effective solutions. To establish an initial standard method, a time and motion study is performed to identify activities that disrupt the sequence of operations and the capture of EEG signals collected before, during, and after DAT. SSM allows for summarizing the current system situation, identifying and analyzing problems, clarifying challenges, and proposing pertinent solutions to achieve the standardization of this therapy. This methodology facilitates the identification of critical points and the development of intervention strategies that could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the therapeutic process, establishing a more coherent framework for the implementation of DAT. Thus, the contribution of this work is based on systems thinking to strategic management, as it demonstrates the potential role of systems thinking, specifically SSM, in analyzing complex problems, improving strategy mapping, fostering strategic decision making, and planning for the future in the context of strategic management.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the settlement selection strategic analysis for self-operated e-commerce platforms on hybrid e-commerce platforms under market competition. Taking factors such as the market share, price competition, commission, and customer loyalty into account, a multi-leader–follower game model with the platforms as leaders and the manufacturers as followers is established. Then, we solve the model with the help of some mathematical techniques and describe some numerical experiments to analyze settlement strategies for the self-operated platforms and their impact on other members in the network. The numerical results reveal the following revelations: a lower commission rate is more suitable for the self-operated platforms; once the commission rates are determined, the self-operated platforms prefer to settle in the hybrid platforms under lower medium price competition; when the price competition is fierce, as customer loyalty increases, the self-operated platforms should settle with a low market share; if the self-operated platforms settle in the hybrid platforms, then a higher price competition is advantageous for all members and can facilitate supply chain coordination.
{"title":"Settlement Selection Strategic Analysis for Self-Operated E-Commerce Platforms under Market Competition","authors":"Yu-Wei Li, Gui-Hua Lin, Peixin Chen","doi":"10.3390/systems12080293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the settlement selection strategic analysis for self-operated e-commerce platforms on hybrid e-commerce platforms under market competition. Taking factors such as the market share, price competition, commission, and customer loyalty into account, a multi-leader–follower game model with the platforms as leaders and the manufacturers as followers is established. Then, we solve the model with the help of some mathematical techniques and describe some numerical experiments to analyze settlement strategies for the self-operated platforms and their impact on other members in the network. The numerical results reveal the following revelations: a lower commission rate is more suitable for the self-operated platforms; once the commission rates are determined, the self-operated platforms prefer to settle in the hybrid platforms under lower medium price competition; when the price competition is fierce, as customer loyalty increases, the self-operated platforms should settle with a low market share; if the self-operated platforms settle in the hybrid platforms, then a higher price competition is advantageous for all members and can facilitate supply chain coordination.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Product quality is a key factor affecting consumers’ willingness to buy, providing greater advantages to an enterprise than product price. This paper investigates the impact of two factors, price and quality, on the operational decisions of hybrid competing supply chains. Supply chain I, which consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, is a decentralized structure. Supply chain II, where the manufacturer and retailer are integrated, is a centralized structure. Quality investment and vertical shareholding are introduced into the decentralized supply chain. Models are constructed for three different scenarios, examining whether the manufacturer makes a quality investment and whether the retailer holds shares in the quality investment. By comparing the equilibrium results, solved by the Stackelberg game method, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Quality investment and shareholding can enhance product quality and price. (2) The retail price in a centralized supply chain is consistently lower than that in a decentralized one, leading to generally higher total profits for centralized supply chain. (3) The total profit of the decentralized supply chain only exceeds that of the centralized ones when the degree of substitution between products is lower than 0.6285 and the quality effort cost factor is within a specific range. While centralized supply chain is generally more advantageous, decentralized supply chain can outperform him under specific conditions.
产品质量是影响消费者购买意愿的关键因素，与产品价格相比，产品质量能为企业带来更大的优势。本文研究了价格和质量这两个因素对混合竞争供应链运营决策的影响。供应链 I 由制造商和零售商组成，是一种分散结构。供应链 II 由制造商和零售商组成，是一种集中式结构。在分散型供应链中引入了质量投资和纵向持股。针对三种不同情况构建模型，考察制造商是否进行质量投资以及零售商是否持有质量投资股份。通过比较用斯塔克尔伯格博弈法求解的均衡结果，得出以下结论：(1) 质量投资和持股可以提高产品质量和价格。(2) 集中式供应链的零售价格始终低于分散式供应链，导致集中式供应链的总利润普遍较高。(3）只有当产品之间的替代程度低于 0.6285 且质量努力成本系数在特定范围内时，分散供应链的总利润才会超过集中供应链。虽然集中式供应链一般更具优势，但在特定条件下，分散式供应链的表现也会优于集中式供应链。
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Paulo Figueroa-Torrez, Orlando Durán, Miguel Sellitto
The Cell Formation Problem (CFP) is a widely studied issue that aims to group machines effectively based on criteria such as productivity, lower costs, and greater efficiency. In recent years, more characteristics were summarized relating to this problem. This paper provides a bibliographic examination of methodologies addressing the CFP in cellular manufacturing, focusing on novel approaches such as alternative routes and machine reliability. The articles were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science and filtered using the PRISMA methodology. Classification based on objective functions, constraints, and methodologies facilitated informative visualizations for analysis. Findings indicate a focus on capital utilization optimization, with cost reduction via intercellular moves minimization as the primary objective. Common constraints include limits on the number of machines per cell, restricting machines to a single cell and singular production routes per part. The genetic algorithm predominates as a non-exact solution approach, while the “ε-constraint” method is commonly used. This study offers insights into contemporary trends in solving the CFP with alternative routings and machine reliability, aiding researchers and professionals in the field to improve the quality of their investigations.
单元形成问题（CFP）是一个被广泛研究的问题，其目的是根据生产率、降低成本和提高效率等标准对机器进行有效分组。近年来，人们总结了更多与该问题相关的特征。本文从文献学角度对解决单元制造中 CFP 问题的方法进行了研究，重点关注替代路线和机器可靠性等新方法。文章来自 Scopus 和 Web of Science，并采用 PRISMA 方法进行了筛选。根据目标函数、约束条件和方法进行分类，有助于进行信息可视化分析。研究结果表明，资本利用率优化是重点，首要目标是通过细胞间移动最小化来降低成本。常见的约束条件包括限制每个单元的机器数量、将机器限制在单个单元以及每个零件的单一生产路线。遗传算法作为一种非精确的求解方法占主导地位，而 "ε-约束 "方法也很常用。本研究深入探讨了利用替代路线和机器可靠性求解 CFP 的当代趋势，有助于该领域的研究人员和专业人士提高研究质量。
{"title":"Cell Formation Problem with Alternative Routes and Machine Reliability: Review, Analysis, and Future Developments","authors":"Paulo Figueroa-Torrez, Orlando Durán, Miguel Sellitto","doi":"10.3390/systems12080288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080288","url":null,"abstract":"The Cell Formation Problem (CFP) is a widely studied issue that aims to group machines effectively based on criteria such as productivity, lower costs, and greater efficiency. In recent years, more characteristics were summarized relating to this problem. This paper provides a bibliographic examination of methodologies addressing the CFP in cellular manufacturing, focusing on novel approaches such as alternative routes and machine reliability. The articles were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science and filtered using the PRISMA methodology. Classification based on objective functions, constraints, and methodologies facilitated informative visualizations for analysis. Findings indicate a focus on capital utilization optimization, with cost reduction via intercellular moves minimization as the primary objective. Common constraints include limits on the number of machines per cell, restricting machines to a single cell and singular production routes per part. The genetic algorithm predominates as a non-exact solution approach, while the “ε-constraint” method is commonly used. This study offers insights into contemporary trends in solving the CFP with alternative routings and machine reliability, aiding researchers and professionals in the field to improve the quality of their investigations.","PeriodicalId":36394,"journal":{"name":"Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide Secchi, Rasmus Gahrn-Andersen, Martin Neumann
This paper presents a systemic view of human cognition that suggests complexityis an essential feature of such a system. It draws on the embodied, distributed, and extended cognition paradigms to outline the elements and the mechanisms that define cognition. In doing so, it uses an agent-based computational model (the TS 1.0.5Model) with a focus on learning mechanisms as they reflect on individual competence to gain insights on how cognition works. Results indicate that cognitive dynamics do not depend solely on macro structural elements, nor do they depend uniquely on individual characteristics. Instead, more insights and understanding are available through the consideration of all elements together as they co-evolve and interact over time. This perspective illustrates the essential role of how we define the meso domain and constitutes a clear indication that cognitive systems are indeed complex.
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