LAY SUMMARY Experiencing stressful or traumatic events in childhood has been linked with negative outcomes later in adulthood, one of which is involvement with the criminal justice system. This study explored whether there was a relationship between experiencing stressful life events in childhood and incarceration in adulthood (post-military service) among UK Armed Forces Veterans based in Northern Ireland (NI). Some individuals may experience only one type of adversity, some may experience many types of adversities, and others may experience no adversity. This study used a statistical technique (latent class analysis) that allowed the authors to explore how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) varied among a sample of UK Armed Forces Veterans residing in NI. It revealed four groups of Veterans, each characterized by different types of experiences in childhood. The authors explored whether belonging to these groups increased the likelihood of incarceration, finding that those who experienced multiple adversities were at greater risk of incarceration after military service. Personnel involved in the care and support of military personnel should consider military personnel’s history of multiple ACEs.
{"title":"Childhood adversities and post-military-service incarceration in a male UK Armed Forces Veteran sample from Northern Ireland","authors":"E. McGlinchey, C. Armour","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0119","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Experiencing stressful or traumatic events in childhood has been linked with negative outcomes later in adulthood, one of which is involvement with the criminal justice system. This study explored whether there was a relationship between experiencing stressful life events in childhood and incarceration in adulthood (post-military service) among UK Armed Forces Veterans based in Northern Ireland (NI). Some individuals may experience only one type of adversity, some may experience many types of adversities, and others may experience no adversity. This study used a statistical technique (latent class analysis) that allowed the authors to explore how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) varied among a sample of UK Armed Forces Veterans residing in NI. It revealed four groups of Veterans, each characterized by different types of experiences in childhood. The authors explored whether belonging to these groups increased the likelihood of incarceration, finding that those who experienced multiple adversities were at greater risk of incarceration after military service. Personnel involved in the care and support of military personnel should consider military personnel’s history of multiple ACEs.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81495933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LAY SUMMARY Research on and investigation of potential implications of moral injury (MI) for Veteran family members remains uncharted territory while its harsh realities play out in their homes. Family members can feel a sense of distance and divide from the Veteran and, as a result, are left on the periphery trying to understand. Many internalize this distance as a reflection of their own worth or the quality of their relationship with the Veteran. Secondary exposure to events through the Veteran can also lead family members to question their own beliefs about the world, humanity, institutions, their loved one, or themselves. One also cannot help but wonder, what do the farther-reaching tentacles of MI grip? What are the potential implications for children’s development and their own moral schemas? Could family support and understanding play a vital role in the Veteran’s recovery from MI? This article discusses potential implications for family members of Veteran MI from the lived experience perspective of the spouse of a Veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder and MI who has a professional background in the fields of Veteran and family mental health and family peer support.
{"title":"Loving a broken soul: The lived experience perspective on the implications of Veterans’ moral injuries for families","authors":"Laryssa Lamrock","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Research on and investigation of potential implications of moral injury (MI) for Veteran family members remains uncharted territory while its harsh realities play out in their homes. Family members can feel a sense of distance and divide from the Veteran and, as a result, are left on the periphery trying to understand. Many internalize this distance as a reflection of their own worth or the quality of their relationship with the Veteran. Secondary exposure to events through the Veteran can also lead family members to question their own beliefs about the world, humanity, institutions, their loved one, or themselves. One also cannot help but wonder, what do the farther-reaching tentacles of MI grip? What are the potential implications for children’s development and their own moral schemas? Could family support and understanding play a vital role in the Veteran’s recovery from MI? This article discusses potential implications for family members of Veteran MI from the lived experience perspective of the spouse of a Veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder and MI who has a professional background in the fields of Veteran and family mental health and family peer support.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84928701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacinta McNairn, Justin Tait, Madeline Harlow, Peter Yang, B. Beaudette, P. Dhillon
LAY SUMMARY International marching events, such as the Nijmegen Marches, have a prominent place in Canadian military history, and participation continues today. In the Dutch military, the load carriage requirements previously differed by sex, with men carrying 10 kilograms during the march and women carrying no weight. The Canadian delegation requires both male and female participants to carry 10 kilograms. This article examines the effect of this policy on possible injuries using a Gender-based Analysis Plus lens. Weight carriage should focus on anthropometric factors, not sex, which will allow for appropriate and equal increased stresses (weight) for march participants while minimizing injuries.
{"title":"Putting your best weighted foot forward: Reviewing lower extremity injuries by sex in weighted military marching","authors":"Jacinta McNairn, Justin Tait, Madeline Harlow, Peter Yang, B. Beaudette, P. Dhillon","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0114","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY International marching events, such as the Nijmegen Marches, have a prominent place in Canadian military history, and participation continues today. In the Dutch military, the load carriage requirements previously differed by sex, with men carrying 10 kilograms during the march and women carrying no weight. The Canadian delegation requires both male and female participants to carry 10 kilograms. This article examines the effect of this policy on possible injuries using a Gender-based Analysis Plus lens. Weight carriage should focus on anthropometric factors, not sex, which will allow for appropriate and equal increased stresses (weight) for march participants while minimizing injuries.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80219162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Carmichael, Sara Rodrigues, Laryssa Lamrock, Meriem Benlamri, M. Notarianni, F. Hosseiny
LAY SUMMARY When Veterans seek and receive mental health care, their family members are often involved, directly or indirectly, in the process. Within Canada, recognition of the need for family-centred policies and practices is growing; however, family involvement in care is generally the exception rather than the rule. A recently developed Conceptual Framework advocates for a transformed mental health system centred on the experiences, needs, and preferences of Veterans and their families. This system may be well suited to a shift toward family-involved care. Drawing on this framework, this article makes a case for specifically involving families in Veteran mental health care. In particular, the crucial relationship between family and Veteran well-being is considered, as well as key benefits of and potential barriers to involvement. With these considerations in mind, some recommendations are made to move research, practice, and policy forward. These include 1) formalizing the definition of family, 2) developing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of Veteran families and their involvement, and 3) using educational and guidance materials to improve knowledge and build capacity. Despite potential limitations, these considerations and recommendations offer an opportunity to advance dialogue related to meaningful and safe involvement of families in Veteran mental health care.
{"title":"Involving families in Veteran mental health care: Key considerations and recommendations","authors":"Victoria Carmichael, Sara Rodrigues, Laryssa Lamrock, Meriem Benlamri, M. Notarianni, F. Hosseiny","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0060","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY When Veterans seek and receive mental health care, their family members are often involved, directly or indirectly, in the process. Within Canada, recognition of the need for family-centred policies and practices is growing; however, family involvement in care is generally the exception rather than the rule. A recently developed Conceptual Framework advocates for a transformed mental health system centred on the experiences, needs, and preferences of Veterans and their families. This system may be well suited to a shift toward family-involved care. Drawing on this framework, this article makes a case for specifically involving families in Veteran mental health care. In particular, the crucial relationship between family and Veteran well-being is considered, as well as key benefits of and potential barriers to involvement. With these considerations in mind, some recommendations are made to move research, practice, and policy forward. These include 1) formalizing the definition of family, 2) developing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of Veteran families and their involvement, and 3) using educational and guidance materials to improve knowledge and build capacity. Despite potential limitations, these considerations and recommendations offer an opportunity to advance dialogue related to meaningful and safe involvement of families in Veteran mental health care.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88081016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. King, E. Deda, F. Ketcheson, Amanda R. Levine, K. S. Cyr, Jason A. Carr
LAY SUMMARY The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a test of mild cognitive impairment that is commonly administered to military personnel seeking mental health treatment. However, there is little research on the average MoCA score for military Veterans. This study looked at MoCA scores provided by Canadian Armed Forces members and Veterans receiving services for an operational-related mental health condition. Scores below the cut-off for mild cognitive impairment were not uncommon and were related to education level, as well as to severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. These findings will help clinicians better contextualize score variation among clients.
{"title":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores of Veterans and Canadian Armed Forces personnel seeking mental health treatment","authors":"L. King, E. Deda, F. Ketcheson, Amanda R. Levine, K. S. Cyr, Jason A. Carr","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a test of mild cognitive impairment that is commonly administered to military personnel seeking mental health treatment. However, there is little research on the average MoCA score for military Veterans. This study looked at MoCA scores provided by Canadian Armed Forces members and Veterans receiving services for an operational-related mental health condition. Scores below the cut-off for mild cognitive impairment were not uncommon and were related to education level, as well as to severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. These findings will help clinicians better contextualize score variation among clients.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85171040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ian M. Ball, Shane A. Smith, Colin Laverty, Richard Hillsden, Andrew Beckett
LAY SUMMARY Bleeding trauma patients require resuscitation with blood rather than an infusion of salt solution. However, a short delay often occurs from the time a resuscitation provider calls for blood and its availability. When facing a bleeding trauma patient with life-threatening low blood pressure, providers feel pressure to give immediately available salt-containing fluids. These fluids may help increase a patient’s blood pressure but will also decrease the body’s ability to deliver oxygen to organs and may increase bleeding and shock. It is proposed that providers maintain disciplined patience and wait for blood to be available rather than transfusing saltwater solutions.
{"title":"A call for disciplined patience instead of crystalloid infusion for the trauma patient","authors":"Ian M. Ball, Shane A. Smith, Colin Laverty, Richard Hillsden, Andrew Beckett","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Bleeding trauma patients require resuscitation with blood rather than an infusion of salt solution. However, a short delay often occurs from the time a resuscitation provider calls for blood and its availability. When facing a bleeding trauma patient with life-threatening low blood pressure, providers feel pressure to give immediately available salt-containing fluids. These fluids may help increase a patient’s blood pressure but will also decrease the body’s ability to deliver oxygen to organs and may increase bleeding and shock. It is proposed that providers maintain disciplined patience and wait for blood to be available rather than transfusing saltwater solutions.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73424033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine: What lies ahead for Canada?","authors":"S. Bélanger, D. Pedlar, Dianne Groll","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh.8.3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.8.3.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83258058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathrine S. Sullivan, Jessica Dodge, Yang-sun Park, Caroline Kale, J. Merrill, K. Clarke-Walper, C. Castro, L. Riviere
LAY SUMMARY Little is known about how military families navigate the challenges they experience during reintegration, the period after a deployment separation when a service member returns home and families must readjust to their presence. This study considers how family risk factors such as the mental health of both partners and protective factors such as social support and participation in military-sponsored training influence family adjustment during reintegration. Military spouses who reported having more social support were likely to report that their families adjusted more quickly during reintegration. However, spouses who expressed concern about a partner’s mental health were less likely to feel prepared for reintegration and, in turn, were more likely to report that their families adjusted more slowly. The results of this study suggest that supporting military spouses in feeling more prepared for reintegration may be an important means to shorten the adjustment period after a deployment.
{"title":"Predictors of reintegration adjustment among female U.S. Army spouses: A preliminary exploration","authors":"Kathrine S. Sullivan, Jessica Dodge, Yang-sun Park, Caroline Kale, J. Merrill, K. Clarke-Walper, C. Castro, L. Riviere","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0125","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Little is known about how military families navigate the challenges they experience during reintegration, the period after a deployment separation when a service member returns home and families must readjust to their presence. This study considers how family risk factors such as the mental health of both partners and protective factors such as social support and participation in military-sponsored training influence family adjustment during reintegration. Military spouses who reported having more social support were likely to report that their families adjusted more quickly during reintegration. However, spouses who expressed concern about a partner’s mental health were less likely to feel prepared for reintegration and, in turn, were more likely to report that their families adjusted more slowly. The results of this study suggest that supporting military spouses in feeling more prepared for reintegration may be an important means to shorten the adjustment period after a deployment.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83834942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LAY SUMMARY This study looked at the use of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills group training with military personnel. DBT skills group training teaches coping skills to manage emotions; it has been well researched and used effectively with civilians and Veterans, but less is known about its use with military personnel. The General Mental Health (GMH) clinic receives a large volume of referrals for military personnel who have difficulty with coping skills and managing emotions. On the basis of previous research, a modified DBT skills group therapy program was developed for the clinic to offer an efficient, effective treatment program for these clients in this busy clinic. Military personnel may be a particularly good fit for this type of group-based treatment because they are familiar with working in small group settings. This treatment can also allow for a timelier return to work, minimizing interruptions to military deployments and operations. Study results showed that program participants had lower levels of depression and a greater ability to manage emotions and cope more effectively after the program. Treatment gains were largely maintained at 6-month follow-up. This research suggests that DBT skills group training may be an effective treatment for military personnel.
{"title":"Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military","authors":"Chimène Jewer, Ashleigh Forsyth","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY This study looked at the use of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills group training with military personnel. DBT skills group training teaches coping skills to manage emotions; it has been well researched and used effectively with civilians and Veterans, but less is known about its use with military personnel. The General Mental Health (GMH) clinic receives a large volume of referrals for military personnel who have difficulty with coping skills and managing emotions. On the basis of previous research, a modified DBT skills group therapy program was developed for the clinic to offer an efficient, effective treatment program for these clients in this busy clinic. Military personnel may be a particularly good fit for this type of group-based treatment because they are familiar with working in small group settings. This treatment can also allow for a timelier return to work, minimizing interruptions to military deployments and operations. Study results showed that program participants had lower levels of depression and a greater ability to manage emotions and cope more effectively after the program. Treatment gains were largely maintained at 6-month follow-up. This research suggests that DBT skills group training may be an effective treatment for military personnel.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84099090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serena Chin, Samantha Carlucci, H. McCuaig Edge, D. Lu
LAY SUMMARY This study compared the baseline physical and mental health of officer candidates attending military college and officer training programs (i.e., non-direct-entry officer or non-DEO stream) with those of officers entering through a direct stream (direct-entry officer or DEO stream). Overall, DEO candidates had better health than non-DEO candidates. Female DEO and non-DEO candidates also reported more physical activity than male DEO and non-DEO candidates, and female non-DEO candidates had more symptoms of mental illness than male non-DEO candidates. A better understanding of these groups may lead to opportunities to customize health screening and supports depending on officer entry stream and sex; however, more research is needed to inform policy.
{"title":"Health differences by entry stream among Canadian Armed Forces officer cadets","authors":"Serena Chin, Samantha Carlucci, H. McCuaig Edge, D. Lu","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0124","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY This study compared the baseline physical and mental health of officer candidates attending military college and officer training programs (i.e., non-direct-entry officer or non-DEO stream) with those of officers entering through a direct stream (direct-entry officer or DEO stream). Overall, DEO candidates had better health than non-DEO candidates. Female DEO and non-DEO candidates also reported more physical activity than male DEO and non-DEO candidates, and female non-DEO candidates had more symptoms of mental illness than male non-DEO candidates. A better understanding of these groups may lead to opportunities to customize health screening and supports depending on officer entry stream and sex; however, more research is needed to inform policy.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85425501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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