Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1280
Calvin Santoso, Ratnawati, Slamet
A combination of photocatalysis and electrolysis (photoelectrocatalysis) for the simultaneous degradation of glycerol and hydrogen production using Fe-TiO2 nanotubes has been studied. This photocatalyst was synthesized through Ti anodization followed by Fe deposition with Fe(NO3)3 as precursor using the SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) method. The effects of Fe loading (based on the number of SILAR cycles) on TiO2 nanotubes and glycerol concentration were examined. The generated TiO2 nanotubes were 100% anatase phase with crystallite size between 25 and 29 nm. The results of UV-Vis DRS showed that the number of SILAR cycles of Fe dopant determined the magnitude of the decrease in the band gap of photocatalysts up to 2.74 eV, notably lower than a typical value of 3.15 eV associated with TiO2 anatase. FESEM/EDX, TEM, and HRTEM characterizations indicated the formation of neatly arranged TiO2 nanotubes with Fe deposited on the surface. The photoelectrocatalytic process increased the hydrogen produced by up to 5 times compared to a single photocatalytic or electrolysis process. The photocatalyst sample with Fe deposited on TiO2 nanotubes via a SILAR method with 15 cycles outperformed its bare TiO2 nanotube counterpart by producing hydrogen by 2.5 times (405.8 mmol/m2). Glycerol photo-reforming at 10% concentration produced hydrogen 6 times greater than water splitting (0% glycerol).
{"title":"Utilization of glycerol solution for hydrogen production by a combination of photocatalysis and electrolysis processes with Fe-TiO2 nanotubes","authors":"Calvin Santoso, Ratnawati, Slamet","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1280","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of photocatalysis and electrolysis (photoelectrocatalysis) for the simultaneous degradation of glycerol and hydrogen production using Fe-TiO2 nanotubes has been studied. This photocatalyst was synthesized through Ti anodization followed by Fe deposition with Fe(NO3)3 as precursor using the SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) method. The effects of Fe loading (based on the number of SILAR cycles) on TiO2 nanotubes and glycerol concentration were examined. The generated TiO2 nanotubes were 100% anatase phase with crystallite size between 25 and 29 nm. The results of UV-Vis DRS showed that the number of SILAR cycles of Fe dopant determined the magnitude of the decrease in the band gap of photocatalysts up to 2.74 eV, notably lower than a typical value of 3.15 eV associated with TiO2 anatase. FESEM/EDX, TEM, and HRTEM characterizations indicated the formation of neatly arranged TiO2 nanotubes with Fe deposited on the surface. The photoelectrocatalytic process increased the hydrogen produced by up to 5 times compared to a single photocatalytic or electrolysis process. The photocatalyst sample with Fe deposited on TiO2 nanotubes via a SILAR method with 15 cycles outperformed its bare TiO2 nanotube counterpart by producing hydrogen by 2.5 times (405.8 mmol/m2). Glycerol photo-reforming at 10% concentration produced hydrogen 6 times greater than water splitting (0% glycerol).","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":"108 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1211
Erna Mayasari, S. Fukugaichi, E. Johan, N. Matsue
This study presents a novel approach for the extraction of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) from Musa basjoo pseudo-stems, a relative of bananas, without the need for extensive drying. Instead, wet pseudo-stems were compressed and treated with NaOH solutions at varying temperatures and durations. The extracted material exhibited the characteristic peaks of cellulose I in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, similar to those obtained from dried pseudo-stems. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cellulose I in the treated material and lignocellulose nanofiber clearly shown at 1600-1500, 1421, 1365, and 1161 cm-1. Composition analysis by Van Soest fiber analysis revealed a higher cellulose content in the treated material of wet pseudo-stems compared to that obtained from dried pseudo-stems, indicating the effectiveness of this low-energy extraction method. Meanwhile, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images demonstrated clear LCNF in the nanometer scale fibers after NaOH treatment. Overall, this study successfully demonstrated the extraction of LCNF from wet pseudo-stems of Musa basjoo with NaOH treatment at 70°C for 3 hours with 80% extraction result, providing a more efficient and low-energy approach for utilizing waste from Musa basjoo and bananas.
本研究提出了一种从香蕉的亲戚 Musa basjoo 假茎中提取纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）和木质纤维素纳米纤维（LCNF）的新方法，无需大量干燥。取而代之的是，将湿的假茎压缩并用不同温度和持续时间的 NaOH 溶液处理。提取的材料在 X 射线衍射（XRD）图谱中显示出纤维素 I 的特征峰值，与从干燥的假茎中获得的峰值相似。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）证实了处理过的材料中存在纤维素 I，木质纤维素纳米纤维在 1600-1500、1421、1365 和 1161 cm-1 处清晰显示。通过 Van Soest 纤维分析法进行的成分分析表明，湿假茎处理材料中的纤维素含量高于干假茎处理材料中的纤维素含量，这表明这种低能提取方法是有效的。同时，场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）图像显示，NaOH 处理后的纳米级纤维中含有清晰的 LCNF。总之，本研究成功证明了在 70°C 下用 NaOH 处理 3 小时可从湿的芭蕉假茎中提取 LCNF，提取率达 80%，为利用芭蕉和香蕉废料提供了一种更高效、低能耗的方法。
{"title":"Low-energy extraction of lignocellulose nanofibers from fresh Musa basjoo pseudo-stem","authors":"Erna Mayasari, S. Fukugaichi, E. Johan, N. Matsue","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1211","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel approach for the extraction of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) from Musa basjoo pseudo-stems, a relative of bananas, without the need for extensive drying. Instead, wet pseudo-stems were compressed and treated with NaOH solutions at varying temperatures and durations. The extracted material exhibited the characteristic peaks of cellulose I in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, similar to those obtained from dried pseudo-stems. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cellulose I in the treated material and lignocellulose nanofiber clearly shown at 1600-1500, 1421, 1365, and 1161 cm-1. Composition analysis by Van Soest fiber analysis revealed a higher cellulose content in the treated material of wet pseudo-stems compared to that obtained from dried pseudo-stems, indicating the effectiveness of this low-energy extraction method. Meanwhile, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images demonstrated clear LCNF in the nanometer scale fibers after NaOH treatment. Overall, this study successfully demonstrated the extraction of LCNF from wet pseudo-stems of Musa basjoo with NaOH treatment at 70°C for 3 hours with 80% extraction result, providing a more efficient and low-energy approach for utilizing waste from Musa basjoo and bananas.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1239
E. Corpas-Iguarán, Jessica Triviño-Valencia, Omar Tapasco-Alzate, Y. A. Garcés-Gómez
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis is a microorganism integrated into the human intestinal microbiota and performs a probiotic function through mechanisms that promote the absorption of nutrients, the modulation of the immune system, and the production of lactic acid, among other aspects. Microencapsulation using maltodextrin promotes the protection of microorganisms against physical and chemical factors, improving viability over time. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis was microencapsulated through spray-drying using maltodextrin. Survival under pH conditions, bile salts, and temperature were evaluated as well as its viability during storage conditions. The viability of the encapsulated agent stored at 25 °C remained high and constant during the first three weeks. The results for free and microencapsulated thermal tolerance showed an important difference among survival percentages of each tested temperature, and microencapsulation showed a protective effect against temperatures like or lower than 55 °C. Regarding pH 2.5 exposure for 3h, there is a survival of 5.38% for free microorganisms in contrast to 11.87% for encapsulated, whereas in a pH 3.5 for 3h, the encapsulated agent showed a survival of 23%. The results obtained from encapsulated cells stressed with a 1g/L concentration of bile salts showed a survival of 19%, while free cells presented a total loss of viability when subjected for 3h at the same concentration. Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis demonstrated potential for its use incorporated into foods, but it is necessary to improve viability conditions during storage and survival under gastric stress conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of viability and survival of free and maltodextrin microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis through spray-drying process","authors":"E. Corpas-Iguarán, Jessica Triviño-Valencia, Omar Tapasco-Alzate, Y. A. Garcés-Gómez","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1239","url":null,"abstract":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis is a microorganism integrated into the human intestinal microbiota and performs a probiotic function through mechanisms that promote the absorption of nutrients, the modulation of the immune system, and the production of lactic acid, among other aspects. Microencapsulation using maltodextrin promotes the protection of microorganisms against physical and chemical factors, improving viability over time. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis was microencapsulated through spray-drying using maltodextrin. Survival under pH conditions, bile salts, and temperature were evaluated as well as its viability during storage conditions. The viability of the encapsulated agent stored at 25 °C remained high and constant during the first three weeks. The results for free and microencapsulated thermal tolerance showed an important difference among survival percentages of each tested temperature, and microencapsulation showed a protective effect against temperatures like or lower than 55 °C. Regarding pH 2.5 exposure for 3h, there is a survival of 5.38% for free microorganisms in contrast to 11.87% for encapsulated, whereas in a pH 3.5 for 3h, the encapsulated agent showed a survival of 23%. The results obtained from encapsulated cells stressed with a 1g/L concentration of bile salts showed a survival of 19%, while free cells presented a total loss of viability when subjected for 3h at the same concentration. Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis demonstrated potential for its use incorporated into foods, but it is necessary to improve viability conditions during storage and survival under gastric stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":" 1196","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1270
Aqil Aqthobirrobbany, Dian Nova, Kusuma Hardani, Indah Soesanti, Adi Nugroho
Breast cancer poses a substantial global health concern, primarily regarding its impact on women. Thermal imaging has emerged as a promising tool for early detection with notable technological advancements between 2013 and 2023 in enhancing diagnostic capabilities. However, existing literature reviews often lack adherence to specific scholarly standards and may provide incomplete insights into research trends. This systematic literature review (SLR) addresses these issues by comprehensively analyzing research trends, publication types, contributions, datasets, methodologies, and effective approaches for breast cancer detection using thermal imaging. The review encompasses an examination of 40 articles from reputable digital libraries, revealing a predominant emphasis on deep learning algorithms among 25 applied methods. These algorithms consistently achieve commendable performance, frequently surpassing 90% accuracy rates. Consequently, current research in breast cancer detection via thermal imaging is marked by a strong focus on artificial intelligence, particularly machine and deep learning, recognized as the most promising and effective avenues for investigation.
{"title":"A systematic review of breast cancer detection on thermal images","authors":"Aqil Aqthobirrobbany, Dian Nova, Kusuma Hardani, Indah Soesanti, Adi Nugroho","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1270","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer poses a substantial global health concern, primarily regarding its impact on women. Thermal imaging has emerged as a promising tool for early detection with notable technological advancements between 2013 and 2023 in enhancing diagnostic capabilities. However, existing literature reviews often lack adherence to specific scholarly standards and may provide incomplete insights into research trends. This systematic literature review (SLR) addresses these issues by comprehensively analyzing research trends, publication types, contributions, datasets, methodologies, and effective approaches for breast cancer detection using thermal imaging. The review encompasses an examination of 40 articles from reputable digital libraries, revealing a predominant emphasis on deep learning algorithms among 25 applied methods. These algorithms consistently achieve commendable performance, frequently surpassing 90% accuracy rates. Consequently, current research in breast cancer detection via thermal imaging is marked by a strong focus on artificial intelligence, particularly machine and deep learning, recognized as the most promising and effective avenues for investigation.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":"115 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1278
H. Sebti, Nihel Dib, F. Z. Sebba, B. Bounaceur
This study entails the radical copolymerization synthesis of (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) AMPS, utilizing (N,N’methylene bis-acrylamide) MBAm as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate (PPS) as an initiator to produce chitosan-based composite hydrogels. The investigation involved the various masses of chitosan (250, 500, and 1000 mg). The characterization of the obtained composites and the dye adsorption process was carried out using FTIR, TGA, SEM, UV-visible, and STEM techniques. Swelling properties in distilled water were examined, revealing that the swelling rates at temperatures of 25°C and 37°C for the hydrogel of poly(AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (1000 mg) exceed those of hydrogels with poly(AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (250 and 500 mg). Furthermore, the sorption capacities of the dye were investigated, demonstrating that the sorption capacities of poly (AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (1000 mg) at different temperatures surpass those of poly(AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (250mg, and 500 mg).
{"title":"Removal of trisacryl red using hydrogels composites based on chitosan","authors":"H. Sebti, Nihel Dib, F. Z. Sebba, B. Bounaceur","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1278","url":null,"abstract":"This study entails the radical copolymerization synthesis of (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) AMPS, utilizing (N,N’methylene bis-acrylamide) MBAm as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate (PPS) as an initiator to produce chitosan-based composite hydrogels. The investigation involved the various masses of chitosan (250, 500, and 1000 mg). The characterization of the obtained composites and the dye adsorption process was carried out using FTIR, TGA, SEM, UV-visible, and STEM techniques. Swelling properties in distilled water were examined, revealing that the swelling rates at temperatures of 25°C and 37°C for the hydrogel of poly(AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (1000 mg) exceed those of hydrogels with poly(AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (250 and 500 mg). Furthermore, the sorption capacities of the dye were investigated, demonstrating that the sorption capacities of poly (AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (1000 mg) at different temperatures surpass those of poly(AMPS-g-MBAm)/chitosan (250mg, and 500 mg).","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":" 580","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1238
Ibdal Ssatar, M. I. Salehmin, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar, W. R. Wan Daud, Ika Dyah Kumalasari, Muhammad Aziz, Mahendara Rao Somalu, Byung Hong Kim
This study has successfully evaluated graphite felt (GF) beads as a solid matrix to immobilize or trap the mixed cultures in an immobilized mixed-cell reactor (IMcR). The anaerobic sludge of palm oil mill effluent was used as an inoculum source in the IMcR with mixed culture. Here, glucose, sucrose, and starch were used as the model substrates to evaluate the performance of IMcR with GF beads for producing bio-hydrogen (BioH2). BioH2, effluent, and surface morphology of GF beads were analyzed by using gas chromatography equipped with a thermal conductivity detector, high-performance liquid chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The highest H2 yield (YH2) and production rates were obtained at 304.0 ± 13.2 mL g?1COD (corresponding to 2.26 mol mol?1glucose) and 1403 ± 61 mL L?1 day?1, respectively. IMcR with GF beads is a new approach for generating high YH2, which can be used for more than two months in an experimental run.
{"title":"Evaluating hydrogen production from glucose using graphite felt beads as a solid matrix in immobilized mixed cell reactor at thermophilic fermentation","authors":"Ibdal Ssatar, M. I. Salehmin, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar, W. R. Wan Daud, Ika Dyah Kumalasari, Muhammad Aziz, Mahendara Rao Somalu, Byung Hong Kim","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1238","url":null,"abstract":"This study has successfully evaluated graphite felt (GF) beads as a solid matrix to immobilize or trap the mixed cultures in an immobilized mixed-cell reactor (IMcR). The anaerobic sludge of palm oil mill effluent was used as an inoculum source in the IMcR with mixed culture. Here, glucose, sucrose, and starch were used as the model substrates to evaluate the performance of IMcR with GF beads for producing bio-hydrogen (BioH2). BioH2, effluent, and surface morphology of GF beads were analyzed by using gas chromatography equipped with a thermal conductivity detector, high-performance liquid chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The highest H2 yield (YH2) and production rates were obtained at 304.0 ± 13.2 mL g?1COD (corresponding to 2.26 mol mol?1glucose) and 1403 ± 61 mL L?1 day?1, respectively. IMcR with GF beads is a new approach for generating high YH2, which can be used for more than two months in an experimental run.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":"115 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1252
Yanuar Hamzah, E. Taer, A. Apriwandi, F. L. Supian, N. Mozaffari, N. Mozaffari
The aim of this research is to formulate activated carbon monolith from hazardous waste of cigarette filter butts (CFB) for electrode material monolith design in solid-state supercapacitor application. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was selected for activation. The ratio of CFB to KOH varied in terms of weight between 1:2 and 1:4, thereby obtaining activated cigarette filter carbon (ACFC). The carbon that has been obtained is designed to be solidly in the form of an additive-free monolith. Monolith-activated carbon is physically characterized to examine thermal decomposition profiles (pre-carbonized), structure, composition, morphology, surface area adsorption, and electrochemical measurements. The optimum precursor was marked with high wettability with self-O-doped of 5.44%.in carbon content of 94.56%. Activated carbon electrodes prepared from ACFCs showed an optimum specific capacitance of ~87.17 F g-1, which is a more ecologically responsible method of producing supercapacitors.
{"title":"Cigarette filter butts-derived activated carbon with free binder electrode design for solid-state supercapacitor application","authors":"Yanuar Hamzah, E. Taer, A. Apriwandi, F. L. Supian, N. Mozaffari, N. Mozaffari","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1252","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to formulate activated carbon monolith from hazardous waste of cigarette filter butts (CFB) for electrode material monolith design in solid-state supercapacitor application. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was selected for activation. The ratio of CFB to KOH varied in terms of weight between 1:2 and 1:4, thereby obtaining activated cigarette filter carbon (ACFC). The carbon that has been obtained is designed to be solidly in the form of an additive-free monolith. Monolith-activated carbon is physically characterized to examine thermal decomposition profiles (pre-carbonized), structure, composition, morphology, surface area adsorption, and electrochemical measurements. The optimum precursor was marked with high wettability with self-O-doped of 5.44%.in carbon content of 94.56%. Activated carbon electrodes prepared from ACFCs showed an optimum specific capacitance of ~87.17 F g-1, which is a more ecologically responsible method of producing supercapacitors.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":"106 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1288
W. Trisunaryanti, Triyono, Karna Wijaya, I. Kartini, S. Purwono, Rodiansono, A. Mara, Amsal Budiyansah
The research aims to study the effects of Mo metal embedded on H-Mordenite on its activity and selectivity of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for Refined Palm Kernel Oil (RPKO) into bioavtur. The RPKO was obtained from the results of degumming and bleaching process of palm kernel oil and then analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The impregnation of Mo metal was carried out by spraying using an ammonium heptamolybdate precursor solution ((NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O) with an initial Mo metal content of 5, 10, and 15wt% of H-Mordenite to produce 5-Mo/Mor, 10-Mo/Mor, and 15-Mo/Mor. The 15-Mo/Mor catalyst produced the highest amount of liquid product (46.08wt%) with bioavtur yield of 43.19wt%. The usability test showed that 15-Mo/Mor catalyst still produced a good performance after three times of use in the RPKO feed HDO with the second and third run test liquid product of 34.82 and 46.14wt% respectively with bioavtur yield of 32.58 and 43.45wt%, respectively.
{"title":"Preparation of Mo-impregnated mordenite catalysts for the conversion of refined kernel palm oil into bioavtur","authors":"W. Trisunaryanti, Triyono, Karna Wijaya, I. Kartini, S. Purwono, Rodiansono, A. Mara, Amsal Budiyansah","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1288","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to study the effects of Mo metal embedded on H-Mordenite on its activity and selectivity of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for Refined Palm Kernel Oil (RPKO) into bioavtur. The RPKO was obtained from the results of degumming and bleaching process of palm kernel oil and then analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The impregnation of Mo metal was carried out by spraying using an ammonium heptamolybdate precursor solution ((NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O) with an initial Mo metal content of 5, 10, and 15wt% of H-Mordenite to produce 5-Mo/Mor, 10-Mo/Mor, and 15-Mo/Mor. The 15-Mo/Mor catalyst produced the highest amount of liquid product (46.08wt%) with bioavtur yield of 43.19wt%. The usability test showed that 15-Mo/Mor catalyst still produced a good performance after three times of use in the RPKO feed HDO with the second and third run test liquid product of 34.82 and 46.14wt% respectively with bioavtur yield of 32.58 and 43.45wt%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":"105 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1195
N. Sugiarti, K. Atmika, I. D. Subagia
Material technology continues to develop with various innovations and engineering to improve weaknesses in both mechanical and physical properties. In this study, electrospun fibres containing a multi-wall blend of CNT and Polyurethane (PU) with or without surfactant that laminated into a basalt fibre-reinforced composite were uniquely demonstrated. Multi-wall CNT 3wt% was added to the PU/MEK/DMF solution and produced using an electrospinning process. PU fibre mat containing 3wt% CNT was made without and with surfactants. Also, Basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composite as a control sample was produced. In addition, vacuum-assisted resin transfer printing has been used in the manufacture of composite panels containing both fibres. The aim of combining basalt fibre and PU CNT spun mats was to investigate their effect on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out on a universal testing machine (UTM) in accordance to ASTM D 638 and ASTM D790 standards. FESEM and TEM on composite morphology test were done after testing. The results indicated that the basal matting fibre-reinforced epoxy composites stacked by PU mats with or without surfactants were affected by CNT inclusions. Nanofiber spun mats laminated in a basalt fibre composite lead to a considerable increase in both loads (i.e. tensile and flexural properties). The highest tensile and flexural load values occurred in the BF+PU-mat-2 sample with triton-x 100 surfactants compared to BFRP. The increase in tensile and flexural modulus values was at 13% and 17.3%, respectively. On the other hand, there was a decrease in shear failure due to tensile and bending loads due to the brittleness of the composite reinforcement. In conclusion, this CNF-mat lamination is highly suitable to be used to improve the strength properties of BFRP composites. It is highly recommended for automotive parts, marine compartments and storage insulation.
随着各种创新和工程的发展，材料技术不断发展，以改善机械和物理性能方面的弱点。在这项研究中，静电纺丝纤维包含碳纳米管和聚氨酯(PU)的多壁共混物，有或没有表面活性剂，层压成玄武岩纤维增强复合材料。在PU/MEK/DMF溶液中加入3wt%的多壁碳纳米管，采用静电纺丝工艺生产。在不含表面活性剂和添加表面活性剂的情况下，制备了含有3wt%碳纳米管的PU纤维垫。同时制备了玄武岩纤维增强环氧复合材料作为对照样品。此外，真空辅助树脂转移印刷已用于制造含有两种纤维的复合板。将玄武岩纤维与PU碳纳米管纺垫结合，研究其对纤维拉伸和弯曲力学性能的影响。拉伸和弯曲试验按照ASTM D 638和ASTM D790标准在通用试验机(UTM)上进行。测试后对复合材料进行FESEM和TEM形貌测试。研究结果表明，添加或不添加表面活性剂的PU垫层复合材料受到碳纳米管夹杂物的影响。在玄武岩纤维复合材料中层压纳米纤维纺丝垫导致两种载荷(即拉伸和弯曲性能)的显著增加。与BFRP相比，含有triton-x 100表面活性剂的BF+PU-mat-2样品的拉伸和弯曲载荷值最高。拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别增加13%和17.3%。另一方面，由于复合钢筋的脆性，拉伸和弯曲载荷引起的剪切破坏有所减少。综上所述，该复合材料非常适合用于提高BFRP复合材料的强度性能。强烈推荐用于汽车零部件，船舶隔间和存储绝缘。
{"title":"Effect of multi-walled CNTs polyurethane mats lamination with basalt fabrics reinforced-epoxy composites reviewed on tension and bending properties","authors":"N. Sugiarti, K. Atmika, I. D. Subagia","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1195","url":null,"abstract":"Material technology continues to develop with various innovations and engineering to improve weaknesses in both mechanical and physical properties. In this study, electrospun fibres containing a multi-wall blend of CNT and Polyurethane (PU) with or without surfactant that laminated into a basalt fibre-reinforced composite were uniquely demonstrated. Multi-wall CNT 3wt% was added to the PU/MEK/DMF solution and produced using an electrospinning process. PU fibre mat containing 3wt% CNT was made without and with surfactants. Also, Basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composite as a control sample was produced. In addition, vacuum-assisted resin transfer printing has been used in the manufacture of composite panels containing both fibres. The aim of combining basalt fibre and PU CNT spun mats was to investigate their effect on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out on a universal testing machine (UTM) in accordance to ASTM D 638 and ASTM D790 standards. FESEM and TEM on composite morphology test were done after testing. The results indicated that the basal matting fibre-reinforced epoxy composites stacked by PU mats with or without surfactants were affected by CNT inclusions. Nanofiber spun mats laminated in a basalt fibre composite lead to a considerable increase in both loads (i.e. tensile and flexural properties). The highest tensile and flexural load values occurred in the BF+PU-mat-2 sample with triton-x 100 surfactants compared to BFRP. The increase in tensile and flexural modulus values was at 13% and 17.3%, respectively. On the other hand, there was a decrease in shear failure due to tensile and bending loads due to the brittleness of the composite reinforcement. In conclusion, this CNF-mat lamination is highly suitable to be used to improve the strength properties of BFRP composites. It is highly recommended for automotive parts, marine compartments and storage insulation.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46686401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1167
Y. Faramitha, Fadhlurrahman Rafi Barori, F. Dimawarnita, Siswanto, Havid Aqoma, A. Nugraha, A. Ferdiansyah
Refined palm oil products may contain a harmful substance called as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), which can potentially be carcinogenic if consumed in excess. The determination of 3-MCPD depends on the sophisticated machine and highly skilled technicians but it is time-consuming. A simple method that proposes rapid detection remains a challenge. Hence, this research aims to develop a colorimetric-based rapid detection sensor using gold nanoparticles functionalized with a ligand, glutathione (GSH) to be bound to 3-MCPD. Varied concentrations of GSH were evaluated to obtain stable GSH-AuNPs. The characterization results showed that the composition of the stable GSH-AuNPs has been achieved by 250 µL of 0.02 M GSH addition. A stable GSH-AuNPs was ruby red with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 520 nm and an average nanoparticle size of 30 nm. The indication for detection of 3-MCPD was marked by the decrease in the absorbance intensity. Thus, GSH-AuNPs have potential to be developed for the 3-MCPD sensor application.
{"title":"Fabrication of glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles as 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol sensor","authors":"Y. Faramitha, Fadhlurrahman Rafi Barori, F. Dimawarnita, Siswanto, Havid Aqoma, A. Nugraha, A. Ferdiansyah","doi":"10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1167","url":null,"abstract":"Refined palm oil products may contain a harmful substance called as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), which can potentially be carcinogenic if consumed in excess. The determination of 3-MCPD depends on the sophisticated machine and highly skilled technicians but it is time-consuming. A simple method that proposes rapid detection remains a challenge. Hence, this research aims to develop a colorimetric-based rapid detection sensor using gold nanoparticles functionalized with a ligand, glutathione (GSH) to be bound to 3-MCPD. Varied concentrations of GSH were evaluated to obtain stable GSH-AuNPs. The characterization results showed that the composition of the stable GSH-AuNPs has been achieved by 250 µL of 0.02 M GSH addition. A stable GSH-AuNPs was ruby red with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 520 nm and an average nanoparticle size of 30 nm. The indication for detection of 3-MCPD was marked by the decrease in the absorbance intensity. Thus, GSH-AuNPs have potential to be developed for the 3-MCPD sensor application.","PeriodicalId":36437,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45886290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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