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Using the Doggy Issues and Guidance (DIG) Assessment Tool for Informing Individualized, Reinforcement-Based Treatment of Canine Behavioral Issues 使用 "狗狗问题与指导"(DIG)评估工具为犬只行为问题的个性化强化治疗提供依据
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8229
Laura Villegas, Joshua Jessel, Felipe Lemos
Behavioral issues put dogs at risk of being surrendered to animal shelters and potentially being euthanized. We designed an open-ended interview that has been termed the Doggy Issues and Guidance (DIG) assessment tool to inform the individualized treatment of behavioral issues. Five owners were interviewed using the DIG assessment to identify relevant variables influencing their dog’s behavioral issues. Two dogs then participated in a subsequent functional analysis, empirically validating information obtained from the interviews. Finally, we used cooperation skills training to increase appropriate behavior (i.e., sitting and lying) and replace the behavioral issues (i.e., aggression, barking, jumping) in two canines relying solely on reinforcement. Social validity questionnaires were conducted to evaluate (a) the acceptability, understanding, collaboration, and feasibility of the DIG assessment and (b) acceptability and satisfaction with the treatment outcomes. Owners who completed the social validity questionnaires provided positive ratings for the entire assessment and treatment process.
行为问题使狗狗面临被送往动物收容所的风险,并有可能被实施安乐术。我们设计了一种被称为 "狗狗问题与指导(DIG)"评估工具的开放式访谈,为行为问题的个性化治疗提供依据。我们使用 DIG 评估工具对五位主人进行了访谈,以确定影响狗狗行为问题的相关变量。随后,两只狗狗参与了功能分析,通过经验验证了从访谈中获得的信息。最后,我们使用合作技能训练来提高两只犬的适当行为(即坐和卧),并取代其行为问题(即攻击、吠叫和跳跃),这完全是依靠强化来实现的。进行了社会有效性问卷调查,以评估 (a) DIG 评估的可接受性、理解度、协作性和可行性,以及 (b) 对治疗结果的可接受性和满意度。完成社会有效性问卷调查的主人对整个评估和治疗过程给予了积极的评价。
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引用次数: 0
Do patients with suicidal ideation differ from those with suicidal behavior in sociodemographic and clinical variables? 有自杀意念的患者与有自杀行为的患者在社会人口学和临床变量方面是否存在差异?
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8192
María Aliño, Daniel Sánchez-Reolid, M. Montes, Antonio Fernández-Caballero, Patricia Fernández-Sotos, J. J. Ricarte
This observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and prospective study (n=64) di#erentiates sociode-mographically and clinically between two groups (SI and SB) aiming to establish patient pro!les. Unma-rried women aged 33.39 years (SI) and 28 years (SB), urban residents without children, often students or workers in less specialized roles, identi!ed as midd-le class. More than 60% of the SI and 83% of the SB received psychopharmacological treatment and outpatient care but were never hospitalized. SI pre-sented onset of suicidal ideation at 26, SB at 23, with 62% of SB before the age of 18. 86.4% of SI and 90% of SB lacked family history of suicide, however, 80% of SI had a family history of mental illness versus 36% of SB. Planning and ideation before attempts increa-sed the risk of severity. Our !ndings underscore the need for speci!c prevention and intervention for this population. 
这项观察性、分析性、横断面和前瞻性研究(n=64)对两组患者(SI 和 SB)的社会特征和临床特征进行了区分,旨在确定患者的病情。未婚女性的年龄分别为 33.39 岁(SI)和 28 岁(SB),她们是没有子女的城市居民,通常是学生或从事不太专业的工作,被认定为中产阶级。超过 60% 的 SI 和 83% 的 SB 接受了精神药物治疗和门诊护理,但从未住院治疗。有自杀倾向的 SI 在 26 岁时就有了自杀倾向,SB 在 23 岁时就有了自杀倾向,其中 62% 的 SB 在 18 岁之前就有了自杀倾向。86.4%的孤独症患者和90%的精神病患者没有自杀家族史,但是,80%的孤独症患者有精神病家族史,而精神病患者的这一比例仅为36%。自杀未遂前的计划和意念会增加自杀风险的严重性。我们的研究结果表明,有必要对这一人群进行专门的预防和干预。
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引用次数: 0
University students' coping strategies in the face of psychological distress 大学生面对心理困扰时的应对策略
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8199
Rafael Corrêa, Gabrieli Mariano, Sirlei Dallagnol, Claudia Barbosa
Introduction: Psychological distress is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, as well as any kind of negative reaction to stressful events caused by everyday life. In the face of psychological distress, people often develop coping strategies. Objective: To identify the coping strategies used by university students in the face of psychological distress. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out using a stratified proportional and simple random sample of 276 students enrolled from the 1st to the 8th period of the medicine course. Results: Most of the students presented psychological distress, 58.70%. The most frequently used coping strategies were avoidance (10.48±5.09), self-control (10.20±3.78), positive reappraisal (9.76±4.16) and problem solving (9.58±4.12). Students with psychological distress used the coping strategies of avoidance-avoidance (12.23±4.72, p=0.000) and acceptance and responsibility (6.81±3.07, p=0.010), while those without psychological distress showed greater problem-solving (10.45±4.02, p=0.003) as a coping strategy. Conclusion: Students who experience psychological distress develop coping strategies. Research and interventions aimed at developing coping strategies in the face of psychological distress are suggested.
引言心理困扰的特征是一系列征兆和症状,以及对日常生活中造成的压力事件的任何负面反应。面对心理困扰,人们通常会制定应对策略。研究目的确定大学生在面对心理困扰时使用的应对策略。研究方法:采用分层比例和简单随机抽样的方法,对 276 名第 1 至第 8 期医学课程的学生进行定量、横截面和描述性研究。研究结果大多数学生都有心理困扰,占 58.70%。最常使用的应对策略是回避(10.48±5.09)、自我控制(10.20±3.78)、积极再评价(9.76±4.16)和解决问题(9.58±4.12)。有心理困扰的学生使用了回避-逃避(12.23±4.72,P=0.000)和接纳与责任(6.81±3.07,P=0.010)的应对策略,而无心理困扰的学生则更多地使用了解决问题(10.45±4.02,P=0.003)的应对策略。结论经历心理困扰的学生会发展应对策略。建议开展研究并采取干预措施,以发展面对心理困扰时的应对策略。
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引用次数: 0
Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in medical students 医学生的抑郁症状和自杀倾向
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8197
Rafael Corrêa, Leticia Duarte Cagol, Mariana Reversi, Claudia Barbosa
Depressive symptoms affect a large part of the world's population as well as health professionals, especially medical students. These symptoms are also considered to be one of the risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts. To this end, this study aims to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among medical students at the university. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out using a proportional stratified sample of 257 participants. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the data in the general sample, by gender and period, with a 95% CI. Results: Female students had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the first cycle of medical training. Final considerations: The importance of implementing strategies aimed at the prevention and promotion of student health in the final years of the medical course is highlighted.
抑郁症状影响着世界上很大一部分人口以及医疗专业人员,尤其是医科学生。这些症状也被认为是自杀意念和企图自杀的风险因素之一。为此,本研究旨在确定大学医学生中抑郁症状和自杀意念的流行情况。研究方法对 257 名参与者按比例分层抽样,进行横断面描述性研究。采用描述性分析方法,按性别和时间段对总体样本数据进行分析,95% CI。结果显示在医学培训的第一阶段,女生的抑郁症状发生率较高。最后的思考:在医学课程的最后几年实施旨在预防和促进学生健康的战略的重要性得到了强调。
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引用次数: 0
Estudio piloto sobre la aplicación de recursos de Realidad Virtual para la modificación de medidas componentes de la empatía 关于应用虚拟现实资源修改移情成分测量的试点研究。
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8273
Juan Manuel Rodríguez Jiménez, María Teresa Vega Rodríguez
El objetivo del presente estudio piloto es explorar la capacidad potencial de recursos tecnológicos para constituirse en medios adecuados de apoyo a programas de intervención psicosocial. Se han explorado diferentes variables asociadas a la empatía usando el Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva como herramienta de medición. Como recurso tecnológico se ha empleado Realidad Virtual con grabaciones en 360º. La aplicación del tratamiento se ha realizado sobre una muestra de 34 alumnos de bachillerato, procedentes de diferentes provincias de España. Los resultados indican un bajo efecto sobre la puntuación global de empatía, y un efecto moderado sobre la escala Estrés Empático sobre la muestra global pero eficaz sobre el grupo experimental que previamente puntúa bajo en empatía junto con conducta antisocial, concluyendo la utilidad del uso de este tipo de recursos y la necesidad de ampliar la investigación al respecto.
本试验性研究的目的是探索技术资源在为社会心理干预计划提供充分支持方面的潜在能力。使用认知和情感移情测试作为测量工具,探索了与移情相关的不同变量。虚拟现实与 360º 记录被用作一种技术资源。对来自西班牙不同省份的 34 名高中生进行了抽样调查。结果表明,对整体样本的移情总分影响较小,对移情压力量表的影响适中,但对以前移情得分较低并伴有反社会行为的实验组的影响有效。
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引用次数: 0
"Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente" Rodríguez Muñoz, M. de la F., Morell, J. M. y Fresneda, J. (2015) "Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente" Rodríguez Muñoz, M. de la F., Morell, J. M. and Fresneda, J. (2015)。
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8255
Antonio-David Martin-Barrado
Reseña de manual ¿Es posible seguir viviendo después de situaciones traumáticas? ¿La resiliencia depende de la genética o del aprendizaje social? ¿Se puede educar en resiliencia? Estos y otros muchos interrogantes se resuelven a lo largo de las 344 páginas que componen el Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente. Rodríguez Muñoz, M. de la F., Morell, J. M. & Fresneda, J. (2015). Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente. Pirámide.
遭受创伤后是否还能继续生活? 复原力取决于遗传还是社会学习? 复原力可以教吗?在 344 页的《儿童和青少年抗逆力促进手册》中,我们将回答这些问题以及其他许多问题。Rodríguez Muñoz, M. de la F., Morell, J. M. & Fresneda, J. (2015).Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente.Pirámide.
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引用次数: 0
Influencia del abuso sexual infantil en la somatización, la conducta sociosexual y las relaciones sexuales en la edad adulta 童年性虐待对成年后躯体化、社会性行为和性关系的影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8285
Adelia De Miguel, M. Quijada, R. García
En este estudio se ha medido la somatización, la conducta sociosexual y las relaciones sexuales en la vida adulta de víctimas de abuso sexual infantil, analizando cómo aquellas áreas se relacionan entre sí en la edad adulta. Participaron 319 personas, entre las que había 267 mujeres y 52 hombres, y entre ellos, 59 víctimas y 258 no víctimas de abuso sexual infantil (rango de edad 18-72 años). Todos los participantes cumplimentaron en línea, voluntariamente, los autoinformes SCL-90-R, SOI-R, FSFI así como un cuestionario diseñado para medir las experiencias de abuso. Las comparaciones bivariadas en función de haber sino o no víctima de abuso sexual no encontraron ningún resultado significativo en las tres áreas psicológicas evaluadas. En cambio, el análisis específico entre las víctimas mostró que sí había diferencias significativas en el área de la sociosexualidad. Estos resultados deben analizarse con mucha precaución, no pudiendo generalizar. Es preciso tener en cuenta el tiempo transcurrido desde que se sufrió el abuso y tipo de abuso vivido, así como la coexistencia de otros sucesos estresantes, la vivenciación del menor y la asistencia o no a terapia psicológica.
本研究测量了儿童性虐待受害者成年后的躯体化、社会性行为和性关系,分析了这些方面在成年后的相互关系。共有 319 人参与了这项研究,包括 267 名女性和 52 名男性,其中 59 人为儿童性虐待受害者,258 人为非受害者(年龄在 18-72 岁之间)。所有参与者都自愿填写了在线自我报告 SCL-90-R、SOI-R、FSFI 以及一份旨在测量受虐经历的问卷。根据是否曾是性虐待受害者进行的二元比较在所评估的三个心理领域中没有发现任何显著的结果。相反,针对受害者的分析表明,在社会性方面存在显著差异。在分析这些结果时应非常谨慎,不能一概而论。有必要考虑到虐待发生后的时间、虐待的类型、同时发生的其他压力事件、儿童的经历以及儿童是否接受过心理治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Prosociality and Mental Health Indicators in Portuguese Adolescents – Validation of Prosocialness Scale 葡萄牙青少年的亲社会性和心理健康指标--亲社会性量表的验证
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i183.8187
Ana Catarina Gouveia Gouveia, Marina Cunha, A. Galhardo, D. Carreiras
Our research aimed to validate the Prosocialness Scale (PS) among Portuguese adolescents. We sought to examine its factorial structure, model invariance across biological sex, reliability, and association with sociodemographic and other relevant variables. Our sample included 454 adolescents aged 13 to 17 who completed self-report measures assessing psychological flexibility, negative emotions, mental health, and prosocial behavior. The PS demonstrated a bifactorial structure comprising a latent factor (prosociality) and two specific factors (actions and feelings). It exhibited satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Moreover, it showed positive correlations with psychological flexibility and mental health while negatively correlating with negative affective states. The PS emerged as a valid and reliable instrument for gauging prosocial behaviors, holding promise for application as a screening tool in educational and clinical settings. It may also facilitate the evaluation of interventions aimed at fostering prosocial conduct.
我们的研究旨在验证葡萄牙青少年的亲社会性量表(PS)。我们试图研究该量表的因子结构、不同生理性别的模型不变性、可靠性以及与社会人口学和其他相关变量的关联。我们的样本包括 454 名 13 至 17 岁的青少年,他们完成了自我报告测量,评估了心理灵活性、负面情绪、心理健康和亲社会行为。亲社会行为表现为双因子结构,包括一个潜在因子(亲社会性)和两个特定因子(行为和情感)。它显示出令人满意的内部一致性和重测可靠性。此外,它与心理灵活性和心理健康呈正相关,而与消极情绪状态呈负相关。亲社会行为量表是衡量亲社会行为的有效而可靠的工具,有望在教育和临床环境中用作筛查工具。它还有助于评估旨在促进亲社会行为的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Content On Active Ageing In University Degrees: A Study In Spain And Portugal 大学学位中有关积极养老的内容:西班牙和葡萄牙的研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i182.7638
Emilia Moreno-Sánchez, Francisco-Javier Gago-Valiente, M. Mendoza-Sierra, Jesús Sáez-Padilla, Estefania Castillo-Viera, María-Cristina Campos-de-Sousa-Faria, Sandra-Rebeca Lozano-Carvalhal, Susana-Isabel Justo-Henriques, Emilia-Isabel Martins-Texeira-Da-Costa, María-José Gouveia-Baltazar, Diana-María Da-Costa-Bizarro-Morais
Background:  to  analyse  the  study  plans  of  undergraduate  and  postgraduate  degrees  at  the  University  of  Huelva  (Spain),  the  Beja  Polytechnic  Institute  (Portugal)  and  the  Algarve  University  (Portugal),  to  identify  content  on  attention  to  diversity,  ageing  and  the  four  pillars  of  the  World  Health  Organisation  for  this  population  (health,  safety,  continuous  learning,  and  participation).  Methods:  a  methodology  was  carried  out  mixed  research,  in  the  first  place  a  quantitative  phase  of  data  analysis  was  carried  out,  for  which  the  statistical  program  SPSS  was  used  for  the  observation  of  frequencies  and  percentages.  In  the  second  phase  of  the  work,  and  in  a  qualitative  way,  carried  out  an  analysis  of  the  content  of  the  program  collected  in  the  syllabuses.  Results:  of  the  total  of  the  54  degrees  analysed,  content  related  to  active  aging  or,  the  4  basic  pillars  that  the  WHO  comments  to  address  it,  were  only  found  in  a  visible  way  in  the  degrees  related  to  the  disciplines  of  Physical  Activity,  Psychology,  Social  Sciences,  Gerontology,  Nursing,  and  Special  Education.  Conclusions:  this  work  shows  that  there  is  a  lack  of  content  on  care  for  ageing  in  many  university  degrees  that  enables  students  to  work  with  this  specific  population  group.  This  analysis  led  to  the  conclusion  that  many  professionals  who  have  contact  with  the  senior  population  do  not  receive  the  necessary  training  to  respond  to  the  particular  needs  of  individuals  in  this  age  group.
背景:分析韦尔瓦大学(西班牙)、贝哈理工学院(葡萄牙)和阿尔加维大学(葡萄牙)的本科生和研究生学位学习计划,确定关注多样性、老龄化和世界卫生组织针对这一人群的四大支柱(健康、安全、持续学习和参与)的内容。 方法:采用混合研究方法,首先进行定量数据分析,使用 SPSS 统计程序观察频率和百分比。 在工作的第二阶段,对教学大纲中收集的课程内容进行了定性分析。 结果:在所分析的 54 个学位中,只有在与体育活动、心理学、社会科学、老年学、护理学和特殊教育等学科相关的学位中发现了与积极老龄化相关的内容,或世界卫生组织提出的应对积极老龄化的 4 个基本支柱。 结论:这项工作表明,在许多大学学位中都缺乏有关老龄化护理的内容,而这些内容能 够使学生从事与这一特殊人群有关的工作。 通过分析得出的结论是,许多与老年人群有接触的专业人员没有接受过必要的培训,无法满足这一年龄段人群的特殊需求。
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引用次数: 0
Cátedra institucional , ciclos de vida y personas mayores. Cabildo de Tenerife y Universidad de La Laguna. Una propuesta para la felicidad, la ternura y la igualdad. 机构主席、生命周期和老年人。特内里费岛议会和拉古纳大学。幸福、温情与平等提案。
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.33776/amc.v50i182.8102
Fernando Barragán Medero
Se explican los principios de creación de la Cátedra Institucional Ciclos de Vida y Personas Mayores, así como las líneas de trabajo y su constitución con un equipo multidisciplinar. Las propuestas del primer año de trabajo y las vinculaciones con la AIUTA para difundir nuestra labor y estrechar vínculos internacionales para la construcción de un nuevo proyecto Ínsula para Turismo Senior en islas. Se realiza, a través de la metodología de Metateoria un breve análisis aleatorio de algunas cátedras de España. Y, finalmente se hacen recomendaciones que deberían incorporar las cátedras y que están incluidas como perspectiva de género, la prevención de la violencia y el empoderamiento de las mujeres.
解释了设立生命周期与老年人机构教席的原则、工作方针及其多学科团队的组成。第一年的工作建议以及与 AIUTA 的联系,以传播我们的工作并加强国际联系,在岛屿上建设一个新的老年旅游项目Ínsula。通过 Metateoria 方法,对西班牙的一些椅子进行了简要的随机分析。最后,还提出了一些建议,这些建议应纳入教席,并作为性别观点、预防暴力和赋予妇女权力的内容。
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引用次数: 0
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Análisis y Modificación de Conducta
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