Sains Tanah最新文献_第2页

Sweet potato is a strategic root crop in Oceania: A synthesis of the past research and future direction 红薯是大洋洲的战略性块根作物:综述过去的研究和未来的发展方向

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.66319

Patrick S. Michael, Topas M. Peter

Sweet potato is an important food, industrial, and pharmaceutical crop worldwide and highly adapted to adverse ranges of agroclimatic conditions, making it one of the strategic crops under climate change. Despite the importance, sustainable crop production continues to be an issue because of the pressure put on land, the decline in soil fertility, the buildup of pests and diseases, and no standardized production practices. Production is highly mechanized in temperate regions, whereas, in the tropics, it is still a subsistence crop confined to subsistence farming systems. These issues are compounded by a lack of generically and agronomically improved genotypes adapted to wider agroecological zones with adaptive tolerance to existing and new stresses. In the recent past, significant progress has been made worldwide; however, the outcomes tend to be locality-specific, and cannot be extrapolated, needing decentralization of the current approaches. This review points out that the crop is a critical strategic crop in the Oceania region because of its ability to grow under adverse ranges of agroclimatic conditions and can produce a reasonable yield. The paper continues to emphasize the current trends in emerging modern technology that can be used to efficiently improve and enhance traits of agronomic importance and wider adaptivity. In addition, land use plans, farming systems, and cultural production practices need to be changed for sustainable production. The need for these is further strengthened by pointing out alternative strategies, e.g., using organic matter as a relatively cheap and readily available source of soil nutrients compared to inorganic fertilizers.

甘薯是世界范围内重要的食品、工业和医药作物，对恶劣的农业气候条件具有高度的适应性，是应对气候变化的战略作物之一。尽管如此，可持续的作物生产仍然是一个问题，因为土地受到压力，土壤肥力下降，病虫害增加，没有标准化的生产做法。在温带地区，生产是高度机械化的，而在热带地区，它仍然是一种局限于自给农业系统的自给作物。这些问题由于缺乏适应更广泛的农业生态区并对现有和新的胁迫具有适应性耐受性的通用和农艺改良基因型而更加复杂。在最近的过去，全世界都取得了重大进展;然而，结果往往是特定于地方的，不能外推，需要分散目前的方法。这篇综述指出，这种作物是大洋洲地区一种重要的战略作物，因为它能够在不利的农业气候条件下生长，并能产生合理的产量。本文继续强调新兴现代技术的当前趋势，这些技术可用于有效地改善和增强农艺重要性和更广泛的适应性性状。此外，需要改变土地利用计划、耕作制度和文化生产方式，以实现可持续生产。通过指出替代战略，例如，与无机肥料相比，使用有机物质作为相对便宜和容易获得的土壤养分来源，进一步加强了对这些的需要。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological activities of cocoa trees induced by soil and foliar applications of boron fertilizer 土壤和叶面施硼对可可树生理活性的影响

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.64091

Endang Sri Dewi HS, Prapto Yudono, Eka Tarwaca Susilaputra, B. Purwanto

This study investigates the impact of boron fertilizer on physiological activities of cocoa trees, specifically focusing on boron content, nitrogen content, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis rate in cocoa plant leaves. This research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two treatment factors, which were the type of boron fertilizer application (soil and foliar fertilizer), and the dose of boron fertilizer (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 g plant−1 with 0 g plant−1 as a control). Data were then analyzed for variance differences (ANOVA) with α = 5%, followed by the Tukey test, and contrast orthogonal for comparing treated and control plants. The results showed that the dose of boron fertilizer and the type of fertilizer application used have a significant effect on the physiological activity of the cocoa plant. The dose of boron with soil application affects physiological activity in a linear pattern where each additional dose of boron will increase the activity of nitrate reductase, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate. The dose of boron with foliar application affects physiological activity in a quadratic pattern, where the dose of boron in the range of 3 g plant−1 is the optimum dose that gives maximum results on nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate in the cocoa leaves. Therefore, it is considered that the application of boron fertilizer at a dose of 3 g plants−1 with the foliar application is more efficient in increasing physiological activity compared to the dose of boron with soil application.

本研究探讨了施硼对可可树生理活性的影响，重点研究了施硼对可可植株叶片硼含量、氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量和光合速率的影响。本研究采用随机完全区组设计，采用2个处理因素，即施用硼肥类型(土壤和叶面肥)和硼肥剂量(1.5、3、4.5和6 g株- 1,0 g株- 1作为对照)。采用α = 5%进行方差分析(ANOVA)，然后进行Tukey检验，对照植株和处理植株进行对比正交试验。结果表明，硼肥用量和施肥类型对可可植株的生理活性有显著影响。土壤施硼量对生理活性的影响呈线性模式，每增加一剂量硼都会增加硝酸盐还原酶的活性、叶绿素含量和光合速率。叶面施用硼的剂量以二次型模式影响生理活性，其中，在3g plant - 1范围内的硼剂量是对可可叶片中硝酸盐还原酶活性、叶绿素含量和光合速率产生最大效果的最佳剂量。因此，可以认为，与土壤施用硼相比，叶面施用3 g植物−1的硼肥在提高生理活性方面更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Productivity, quality, and nutrient uptake of intensive forage crop rotations based on corn in sandy soil (northern Morocco) 沙质土壤中以玉米为基础的饲料作物集约轮作的生产力、质量和养分吸收(摩洛哥北部)

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.64323

Abdel Aziz Hassane Sidikou, S. Drissi, A. Bouaziz, Khalid Dhassi, Fouad Amlal, Nassima Darrhal, A. Bamouh, Hicham El Hajli, Zakia Alouatir, Abdelhadi Ait Houssa

Intensive dairy farming systems in the sandy soil of northwestern Morocco are based on three successive forage crops per year, including corn. The aim was to evaluate the productivity and the quality of different intensive crop successions based on corn in sandy soil. Three forage crops per year (winter, spring, and summer cropping seasons) were tested according to six successions: 1. fallow-corn-corn, 2. oat-corn-corn, 3. berseem-corn-corn, 4. pea/triticale-corn-corn, 5. oat-soybean-corn, and 6. berseem-corn-soybean. Each succession of crops was evaluated in two years field experiment using a randomized complete block design. Results revealed that oat-corn-corn and pea/triticale-corn-corn successions produced the highest dry biomass (46.5 t ha-1 year-1). The crop succession of berseem-corn-soybean resulted in the lowest biomass (30.8 t ha-1 year-1). The highest net energy for lactation was recorded at oat-corn-corn and pea/triticale-corn-corn successions (303 103 MJ ha-1 year-1). The crop successions based on one corn (oat-soybean-corn and berseem-corn-soybean) recorded the lowest net energy for lactation (195.5 103 MJ ha-1 year-1). The oat-corn-corn, pea/triticale-corn-corn, and oat-soybean-corn successions recorded the highest crude protein values (3.9 t ha-1 year-1). Soil organic matter and the content of soil on total N, P, and Mg were similar for the different crop successions at the end of the experimental years.

摩洛哥西北部沙质土壤中的集约化奶牛养殖系统以每年连续种植三种饲料作物为基础，包括玉米。目的是评价以玉米为基础的不同集约作物演替在沙质土壤上的生产力和质量。每年3种饲料作物(冬、春、夏三季)按6个演替进行试验:fallow-corn-corn 2。oat-corn-corn 3。berseem-corn-corn 4。豌豆/ triticale-corn-corn, 5。燕麦-大豆-玉米;berseem-corn-soybean。采用随机完全区组设计，在两年的田间试验中对每一种作物的演替进行评价。结果表明，燕麦-玉米-玉米和豌豆/小黑麦-玉米-玉米演替的干生物量最高(46.5 t hm -1 -1)。玉米-大豆演替的生物量最低(30.8 t hm -1 -1)。燕麦-玉米-玉米和豌豆/小黑麦-玉米-玉米演替的泌乳净能最高(303 - 103 MJ / hm -1 -1)。以一种玉米为基础的作物演替(燕麦-大豆-玉米和玉米-大豆)的泌乳净能最低(195.5 103 MJ ha-1年1)。燕麦-玉米-玉米、豌豆/小黑麦-玉米-玉米和燕麦-大豆-玉米演替的粗蛋白质值最高(3.9吨/年-1)。试验年末，不同作物演替土壤有机质和全氮、全磷、全镁含量基本一致。

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引用次数: 0

Current scenario, services, concerns, and restoration perspectives of ponds in India 印度池塘的现状、服务、关注和恢复前景

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.64190

S. Rajput, A. Kumari, V. Rajput, S. Mandzhieva, T. Minkina, Saroj Arora, Rajinder Kaur

Ponds are self-sustaining and self-regulating ecosystems that are a vital part of the hydrological cycle and play a variety of roles in the biosphere. Ponds are diverse, extremely dynamic, and highly productive as they offer various services like harbor biodiversity, tool for combating water scarcity, have roles in pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration. Ponds also offer sustainable solutions to support climate change amelioration and aquatic resource management. However, ponds are the most neglected aquatic ecosystems, despite their huge ecological functions. Thus, ponds are debasing at an alarming rate as a result of increased anthropogenic activities and anthropogenically driven changes in natural processes, wreaking havoc on ecological health and water quality. In this context, the major threats to ponds include the dumping of solid waste, increased urbanization, pollution, encroachment and climate change which have resulted in the deterioration of ponds over the years. Sustainable management and restoration of ponds are crucial as this ecosystem offers a wide array of ecological functions. As a result, this research aims to assess the current state of ponds in India in terms of monitoring, ecological services provided, and the various threats to which they are subjected. Further, the discussions on management and perspective restoration strategies of this substantial ecosystem are also included. Thereby, this study suggests better conservation strategies for restoration, reclamation, and sustainable utilization of ponds.

池塘是自我维持和自我调节的生态系统，是水文循环的重要组成部分，在生物圈中发挥着各种作用。池塘是多样化的、极具活力的和高产的，因为它们提供各种服务，如港湾生物多样性、对抗水资源短缺的工具、在减轻污染和碳封存方面发挥作用。池塘还提供可持续的解决方案，以支持气候变化缓解和水生资源管理。然而，池塘是最被忽视的水生生态系统，尽管它们具有巨大的生态功能。因此，由于人为活动增加和人为驱动的自然过程变化，池塘正在以惊人的速度退化，对生态健康和水质造成严重破坏。在这种情况下，对池塘的主要威胁包括固体废物的倾倒、城市化程度的提高、污染、侵蚀和气候变化，这些都导致了多年来池塘的恶化。池塘的可持续管理和恢复至关重要，因为这个生态系统提供了广泛的生态功能。因此，本研究旨在评估印度池塘的现状，包括监测、提供的生态服务以及它们受到的各种威胁。此外，还讨论了这一重要生态系统的管理和前景恢复策略。因此，本研究为池塘的恢复、填海和可持续利用提供了更好的保护策略。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial distribution of status silicon availability for plant and its effect to rice yield 植物硅有效态的空间分布及其对水稻产量的影响

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.65862

Budy Frasetya Taufik Qurrohman, A. Suriadikusumah, B. Joy, R. Sudirja

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for rice plants. However, evaluating the Si availability status of paddy soil is rarely done. This study aimed to investigate the Si availability for plant (Si_AP), spatial distribution, Si_AP correlations with some soil properties and the effect of Si_AP status on the rice yield. This study used a survey method to collect paddy soil and water sample. The pot experiment method was used to evaluate paddy plant response to Si_AP level. Based on K-means, cluster analysis showed that soil Si_AP was categorized low (< 147 mg SiO₂ kg^-1), moderate (147 – 224 mg SiO₂ kg^-1) and high (> 224 mg SiO₂kg^-1). The Si_AP status of the paddy soil area of 26,395 hectares (25%), 61,744 hectares (59%) and 15,952 hectares (15%) was categorized as low, moderate and high, respectively. This present study revealed that the upland area paddy soil has higher Si_AP than the lowland area. Total silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and clay percentage were negatively correlated with the SiAP in soils. Silicon addition to the paddy soil with Si_AP status showed low to high increase in rice yield by 0.2%, 3.9% and 2.7%.

硅(Si)是水稻的一种有益元素。然而，对水稻土硅有效性的评价却很少。本研究旨在探讨水稻植株硅有效性(SiAP)、空间分布、SiAP与部分土壤性质的相关性以及SiAP状态对水稻产量的影响。本研究采用调查法采集水稻土和水样。采用盆栽试验方法评价水稻植株对SiAP水平的响应。聚类分析表明，土壤SiAP分为低(< 147 mg SiO2 kg-1)、中(147 ~ 224 mg SiO2 kg-1)和高(> 224 mg SiO2 kg-1) 3个等级。水稻土的SiAP状态分别为26395公顷(25%)、61744公顷(59%)和15952公顷(15%)，分别为低、中、高。本研究表明，旱地水稻土的SiAP高于低地水稻土。总二氧化硅(SiO2)和粘粒率与土壤SiAP呈负相关。在SiAP状态的水稻土中添加硅，水稻产量分别提高0.2%、3.9%和2.7%。

{"title":"Spatial distribution of status silicon availability for plant and its effect to rice yield","authors":"Budy Frasetya Taufik Qurrohman, A. Suriadikusumah, B. Joy, R. Sudirja","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.65862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.65862","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for rice plants. However, evaluating the Si availability status of paddy soil is rarely done. This study aimed to investigate the Si availability for plant (SiAP), spatial distribution, SiAP correlations with some soil properties and the effect of SiAP status on the rice yield. This study used a survey method to collect paddy soil and water sample. The pot experiment method was used to evaluate paddy plant response to SiAP level. Based on K-means, cluster analysis showed that soil SiAP was categorized low (< 147 mg SiO2 kg-1), moderate (147 – 224 mg SiO2 kg-1) and high (> 224 mg SiO2 kg-1). The SiAP status of the paddy soil area of 26,395 hectares (25%), 61,744 hectares (59%) and 15,952 hectares (15%) was categorized as low, moderate and high, respectively. This present study revealed that the upland area paddy soil has higher SiAP than the lowland area. Total silicon dioxide (SiO2) and clay percentage were negatively correlated with the SiAP in soils. Silicon addition to the paddy soil with SiAP status showed low to high increase in rice yield by 0.2%, 3.9% and 2.7%.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91268016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decade-long soil changes after the clear felling in forests of the North-Western Caucasus mountains 西北高加索山脉森林砍伐后长达十年的土壤变化

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.63187

A. Shkhapatsev, V. Vilkova, V. Soldatov, K. Kazeev, S. Kolesnikov

Clear-fell harvesting significantly alters ecosystem attributes at multiple spatial scales. The results of a study of the dynamics of changes in Rendzik Leptosol and Greyic Phaeozem Vertic forests in the middle mountains of the North-Western Caucasus after clear-cutting in 2010-2020 are presented. Immediately after clearing the forest, areas with varying degrees of disturbance of the soil and vegetation cover were identified in the clearings, from maximum disturbance in the central part of the clearing to slight disturbance on their periphery at different elevations of 540-1600 meters above sea level (masl). The soil covering is represented with Rendzik Leptosol and Greyic Phaeozem Vertic. Among used metrics were temperature, humidity, texture density, penetration resistance, structural and aggregate composition, and other soil parameters. On felling areas, increased temperatures and decreased soil humidity were recorded. The temperature of Rendzik Leptosol at a depth of 10-30 cm changes within the range of 1-15°С in the period 2018-2020. The terrain elevation affects the soil due to the temperature gradient significantly. Rendzik Leptosol is much colder at an elevation 1640 meters above sea level than at 1200 meters above sea level. The temperature of Phaeozem (540 meters above sea level) reaches 20°С during the summer months at a depth of 10 cm. Soils in felling have differences in structural and aggregate composition and water resistance of aggregates. The study results can be used in assessing damage to ecosystems after deforestation and developing methods for accelerating the restoration of soil properties after deforestation. The result of the study can be applied to assess the change in the state of ecosystems after forest degradation. The most informative diagnostic indicators for assessing the state of ecosystems after forest degradation are discussed in the article.

在多个空间尺度上，采伐明显改变了生态系统属性。本文介绍了2010-2020年高加索西北部中部山区森林采伐后renzik Leptosol和Greyic Phaeozem Vertic森林动态变化的研究结果。清除森林后，在不同海拔高度(海拔540-1600米)的空地中，从空地中部扰动最大到空地外围扰动较小，确定了不同程度的土壤和植被扰动区域。土壤覆盖物用renzik Leptosol和Greyic Phaeozem Vertic表示。使用的指标包括温度、湿度、质地密度、抗渗透性、结构和骨料组成以及其他土壤参数。在采伐区，气温升高，土壤湿度下降。2018-2020年，10-30 cm深度的renzik细粒岩温度变化范围为1-15°С。由于温度梯度，地形高程对土壤的影响显著。在海拔1640米的地方比在海拔1200米的地方要冷得多。Phaeozem(海拔540米)的温度在夏季达到20°С，深度为10厘米。林地土壤在结构、团聚体组成和团聚体抗水性方面存在差异。研究结果可用于评估毁林后对生态系统的损害，以及制定加速毁林后土壤特性恢复的方法。研究结果可用于评价森林退化后生态系统状态的变化。本文讨论了评价森林退化后生态系统状态的最具信息量的诊断指标。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in Rainfall Pattern in Bengawan Solo Sub-Watershed 班加湾Solo小流域降雨模式的变化

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.61640

M. W. Trinugroho, S. S. Arif, S. Susanto, B. D. Nugroho, A. Prabowo

Rainfed farming is vulnerable to climate variability, which changes rainfall patterns. Rainfall variability disrupts rainfed rice cultivation because a change in rainfall will affect the rice crop calendar. An analysis of long-term trends over a specific area is required to understand rainfall variability. The aim of this study was to assess climate variability in terms of rainfall magnitude and frequency by analyzing spatial and temporal rainfall trends in Bengawan Solo Sub-Watershed as well as the rainfed rice production. Daily rainfall data from 10 rain gauge stations over the sub-watershed area from the years 1975 to 2020 were used. The data was managed and collected by the Bengawan Solo Watershed authority. Pearson, Mann-Kendall, and Sen’s Slope tests were applied to assess the recorded data correlation, rainfall trends, and magnitude of trends into annual, monthly, and 10-day. The findings of the study indicated the spatial and temporal inhomogeneous rainfall pattern for all locations for 10-day, monthly and annual patterns. The mountainous regions at Tawang Mangu and Ngrambe stations tend to experience an upward trend (positive magnitude), while the coastal regions at Nglirip and Bojonegoro stations have a downward trend(negative magnitude). Those trends also confirmed that coastal regions would be drier than mountainous regions in the future. Understanding this rainfall trend can assist with rainfed farming strategic planning.

雨养农业容易受到气候变化的影响，气候变化会改变降雨模式。降雨的变化会破坏雨养水稻的种植，因为降雨的变化会影响水稻作物的生长周期。需要对特定地区的长期趋势进行分析，以了解降雨量的变化。本研究的目的是通过分析Bengawan Solo小流域的时空降雨趋势以及雨养水稻产量，来评估降雨强度和频率方面的气候变异。使用了1975 - 2020年流域内10个雨量站的日降雨量数据。这些数据是由班加万索罗流域管理局管理和收集的。应用Pearson、Mann-Kendall和Sen 's Slope检验来评估记录数据的相关性、降雨趋势以及年、月和10天趋势的大小。研究结果表明，各地点的10日、月、年降水格局均存在时空不均匀性。山区在达旺Mangu和Ngrambe站呈上升趋势(正震级)，而沿海地区在Nglirip和Bojonegoro站呈下降趋势(负震级)。这些趋势还证实，未来沿海地区将比山区更干燥。了解这种降雨趋势有助于制定雨养农业战略规划。

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引用次数: 0

Classification of potential landslides using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission imagery in the Tulis Watershed, Indonesia 利用航天飞机雷达地形任务图像对印度尼西亚图里斯流域潜在滑坡进行分类

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.50569

B. Harjadi, S. Abdiyani, Inkorena G.S. Sukartono, E. Hesthiati, Pakhriazad Hassan Zaki, M. H. Ismail

Tulis is one of the watersheds in the Mrica Reservoir Catchment Area in Indonesia. The Tulis Watershed has an area of 12,750 ha, which is dominated by hilly areas with areas below alluvial-colluvial. This study aimed to map the potential distribution of the landslides in the Tulis Watershed. As the Tulis Watershed has the potential for landslides, this study was conducted by using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) imagery year 2016. This study considered five aspects that affect landslides, namely: geological type, soil regolith depth, fault, slope, and soil texture. Areas in the Tulis Watershed were classified into five levels of landslide potential The following landslide classes and the area they cover were predicted after applying the formula: very low (0%), low (48%, 6,126 ha), moderate (51%, 6,548 ha), high (0.5%, 63 ha), and very high (0.1%, 13 ha). From the results of the level of potential landslides, several prevention and mitigation measures are recommended according to the level. For shallow landslide levels, it is recommended that relocation centers should be set up. In contrast, for those areas with very high landslide potential, it is necessary to mitigate and install Early Warning System (EWS) tools and prepare the community for adaptation.

图利斯是印度尼西亚Mrica水库集水区的流域之一。图利斯流域的面积为12750公顷，主要是丘陵地区和冲积-崩塌地区。本研究旨在绘制图里斯流域滑坡的潜在分布。由于图里斯流域有可能发生山体滑坡，因此本研究使用2016年航天飞机雷达地形任务(SRTM)图像进行。本研究考虑了影响滑坡的五个方面，即地质类型、土壤风化层深度、断层、坡度和土壤质地。将图里斯流域的滑坡危险性划分为5个等级，应用该公式预测了滑坡危险性等级及其覆盖面积:极低(0%)、低(48%，6126 ha)、中等(51%，6548 ha)、高(0.5%，63 ha)和极高(0.1%，13 ha)。根据潜在滑坡级别的结果，根据级别建议了几种预防和缓解措施。对于浅层滑坡，建议设置安置中心。相比之下，对于那些滑坡可能性非常高的地区，有必要缓解和安装早期预警系统(EWS)工具，并为社区做好适应准备。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of inceptisol ameliorated with rice husk biochar to glyphosate adsorption 稻壳生物炭改良菌素对草甘膦的吸附特性

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.61614

H. Herviyanti, A. Maulana, A. L. Lita, T. Prasetyo, M. Monikasari, R. Ryswaldi

As an ameliorant, rice husk biochar (RHB) can improve soil quality and long-term carbon absorption and interaction with glyphosate during adsorption. This study investigated the ability of Inceptisol ameliorated with RHB to absorb glyphosate. Inceptisol ameliorated with 40^-t ha^-1 RHB increased the soil surface charge (ΔpH) by improving soil pH H₂O, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and soil organic matter. Linear and nonlinear models showed that fitting Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms is suitable for this study. The isotherm adsorption of glyphosate sequentially occurs in the Freundlich and Langmuir models (Inceptisol + 40^-t ha^-1 RHB > Inceptisol), where the Freundlich model (R² = 0.938) is dominated by glyphosate adsorption on Inceptisol + 40^-t ha^-1 RHB with n of 0.46 and KF of 1.747 mg kg^-1, whereas the Langmuir model (R² = 0.8608) with Qm of 30.01 mg kg^-1 and KL of 0.08 L mg^-1 at a concentration level of 100 ppm and pH of the glyphosate solution 5.20 units. The glyphosate adsorption was also supported by changes in functional groups, where Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows a decrease in transmittance in the O-H; C=C; C-O; C-H, and mineral groups, indicating an increase in the adsorption capacity in Inceptisol ameliorated with 40^-t ha^-1 RHB. This study indicated that the physicochemical properties of Inceptisol are important in controlling the glyphosate adsorption ability of RHB in soils.

稻壳生物炭(RHB)作为一种改良剂，可以改善土壤质量，并在吸附过程中与草甘膦进行长期碳吸收和相互作用。本研究考察了用RHB改良的inception tissol对草甘膦的吸收能力。用40 t ha-1 RHB改良的Inceptisol通过改善土壤pH H2O、电导率、阳离子交换容量和土壤有机质增加了土壤表面电荷(ΔpH)。线性和非线性模型表明拟合Langmuir和Freundlich等温线适合于本研究。吸附等温线的草甘膦顺序出现在弗伦德里希和朗缪尔模型(始成土+ 40-t农业RHB >始成土),在弗伦德里希模型(R2 = 0.938)是由草甘膦始成土上吸附+ 40-t农业RHB n的0.46和1.747毫克公斤KF,而朗缪尔模型(R2 = 0.8608) Qm 30.01毫克公斤和KL的0.08 L mg-1草甘膦的浓度100 ppm水平和pH值5.20个单位的解决方案。官能团的变化也支持了草甘膦的吸附，傅里叶变换红外光谱显示O-H的透射率降低;C = C;切断;C-H和矿物基团，表明40-t ha-1 RHB改善了吲哚替酚的吸附能力。本研究表明，Inceptisol的理化性质对RHB在土壤中对草甘膦的吸附能力有重要的控制作用。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of biochar amendments on the soil quality indicators of sandy loam soils under cassava–peanut cropping sequence in the semi-arid tropics of Northern Lombok, Indonesia 印尼龙目岛北部半干旱热带木薯-花生种植顺序下生物炭改良剂对沙质壤土土壤质量指标的影响

Q4 AGRONOMY

Sains Tanah

Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65452

S. Sukartono, B. Kusumo, S. Suwardji, A. Bakti, M. Mahrup, L. E. Susilowati, F. Fahrudin

Low nutrient retention and soil organic matter depletion are the major challenges of the cropping system in the sandy loam soils of Northern Lombok, Indonesia. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence. The treatments were as follows: biochar (10 ton ha-1) and rice straw (3 ton ha-1) (B1); biochar (10 ton ha-1), cattle manure (10 ton ha-1), and rice straw (3 ton ha-1) (B2); biochar (10 ton ha-1) and cattle manure (10 ton ha-1) (B3); biochar (10 ton ha-1) and cattle manure (10 ton ha-1) plus rice straw mulch (3 ton ha-1) applied on surface soils (B4), and without organic amendments (B0) as control. Results showed that the biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved several soil quality indicators such as SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability but had no significant effect on pH, K, and Mg. Improvement in soil quality was strongly indicated by an increase in the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts. Treatments B1, B2, B3, and B4 generally had a comparable effect on soil parameters and tended to improve the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts. Cassava was responsive to treatments B2 (biochar, cattle manure, and rice straw) and B3 (biochar and cattle manure) with its actual yield of 27 tons ha−1, which is a 40% increase compared with that in the control. As a secondary crop growing after cassava, peanuts also exhibited higher yields in all amended plots compared with that in the control. The highest yield was obtained in B2 (1.38 ton ha−1), followed by B4 (1.36 ton ha−1), B1 (1.33 ton ha−1), and B3 (1.25 ton ha−1). In conclusion, the incorporation of biochar, cattle manure, and crop residues (rice straw) into soils is a promising option to maintain soil quality and sustainably produce cassava and peanuts in the sandy loam soils of the semi-arid tropics of Lombok, Indonesia.

低养分保留和土壤有机质耗用是印度尼西亚龙目岛北部砂壤土种植系统面临的主要挑战。通过田间试验，研究了生物炭基有机改良剂对木薯-花生(arachhis Hypogeae L.)种植顺序下砂壤土土壤质量的影响。处理方式为:生物炭(10 t ha-1) +稻草(3 t ha-1) (B1);生物炭(10吨ha-1)、牛粪(10吨ha-1)和稻草(3吨ha-1) (B2);生物炭(10吨公顷-1)和牛粪(10吨公顷-1)(B3);生物炭(10吨公顷-1)和牛粪(10吨公顷-1)加水稻秸秆覆盖(3吨公顷-1)施用于表层土壤(B4)，不加有机改进剂(B0)作为对照。结果表明，生物炭基有机改良剂显著改善了土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、钙、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和团聚体稳定性等土壤质量指标，但对pH、K和Mg的影响不显著。木薯和花生的生长和产量的增加有力地表明了土壤质量的改善。处理B1、B2、B3和B4对土壤参数的影响大致相当，且有促进木薯和花生生长和产量的趋势。木薯对B2(生物炭、牛粪和稻草)和B3(生物炭和牛粪)处理均有响应，实际产量为27吨ha - 1，比对照增产40%。花生作为木薯之后的二次作物，在所有改良地块上的产量也高于对照。产量最高的是B2(1.38吨公顷- 1)，其次是B4(1.36吨公顷- 1)、B1(1.33吨公顷- 1)和B3(1.25吨公顷- 1)。总之，在印度尼西亚龙目岛半干旱热带地区的沙质壤土中，将生物炭、牛粪和作物秸秆(水稻秸秆)混入土壤是保持土壤质量和可持续生产木薯和花生的一个有希望的选择。

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