Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.60119
S. Kolesnikov, A. Kuzina, T. Minnikova, Y. Akimenko, E. Nevedomaya, Tigran Ter-Micakyants, K. Kazeev
The development of tourism and leisure infrastructure results in a continuous increase of anthropogenic impact on soils of wet and dry subtropics of the Greatest Caucasus. It is very important for the region to preserve the sustainable functions of soils and ecosystems, maintain a comfortable life and recreation environment create environmentally friendly agricultural products. It is conducted studies to determine the limits of resistance of soils in wet and dry sub-tropics to priority pollutants, especially petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni). It was found that the soils of wet and dry subtropics for resistance by Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni are located as follows: south-ern chernozem > typical sod-carbonate soil ≥ brown typical soil ≥ brown carbonate soil = brown leached soil ≥ leached sod-carbonate soil = yellow soil >acid brown forest soil ≥ acid brown forest podzolized soil. In terms of the degree of resistance to oil pollution, studied soils create certain series: brown carbonate ≥ brown typical = sod-carbonate leached ≥ sod-carbonate typical > southern chernozem ≥ yellow soil ≥ brown leached soil > acid brown forest soil = acid brown forest podzolized soil. Heavy metals by ecotoxicity to the soils of wet and dry subtropics from the following series: Cr> Cu ≥ Ni = Pb. Based on the degradation of ecological functions of soils, we offer regional standards of the maximum permissible content of Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni for the main soils of wet and dry subtropics.
{"title":"Approaches to the development of environmental standards for the content of petroleum hydrocarbons and Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni in soils of Greatest Caucasus","authors":"S. Kolesnikov, A. Kuzina, T. Minnikova, Y. Akimenko, E. Nevedomaya, Tigran Ter-Micakyants, K. Kazeev","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.60119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.60119","url":null,"abstract":"The development of tourism and leisure infrastructure results in a continuous increase of anthropogenic impact on soils of wet and dry subtropics of the Greatest Caucasus. It is very important for the region to preserve the sustainable functions of soils and ecosystems, maintain a comfortable life and recreation environment create environmentally friendly agricultural products. It is conducted studies to determine the limits of resistance of soils in wet and dry sub-tropics to priority pollutants, especially petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni). It was found that the soils of wet and dry subtropics for resistance by Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni are located as follows: south-ern chernozem > typical sod-carbonate soil ≥ brown typical soil ≥ brown carbonate soil = brown leached soil ≥ leached sod-carbonate soil = yellow soil >acid brown forest soil ≥ acid brown forest podzolized soil. In terms of the degree of resistance to oil pollution, studied soils create certain series: brown carbonate ≥ brown typical = sod-carbonate leached ≥ sod-carbonate typical > southern chernozem ≥ yellow soil ≥ brown leached soil > acid brown forest soil = acid brown forest podzolized soil. Heavy metals by ecotoxicity to the soils of wet and dry subtropics from the following series: Cr> Cu ≥ Ni = Pb. Based on the degradation of ecological functions of soils, we offer regional standards of the maximum permissible content of Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni for the main soils of wet and dry subtropics.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85664543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65460
S. Suwardi, L. Sutiarso, Herry Wirianata, A. P. Nugroho, I. Pradiko, E. N. Ginting, N. H. Darlan, M. Syarovy, S. Primananda, S. Sukarman
Spodosols have been widely used for oil palm plantations, specifically in Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, they are sub-optimal for agriculture due to a lack of water and nutrient-holding capacity and a spodic layer that limits plant root development. Therefore, proper agriculture practices are needed for oil palm to enhance its potential yield. This study aims to determine the effect of the mounding technique on the physiological performance and yield of oil palms in spodosol. The study location was well-managed, with eight blocks of oil palm plantations planted in 2008 on spodosols (Typic Haplohumod) in Central Kalimantan. The mounding technique was applied to four blocks of oil palm planted in 2015, while the remaining four were left without mounding. The parameters observed were soil moisture, transpiration, number of bunches, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that the average moisture in the mounded soil was 4% greater than the control. Additionally, the average daily transpiration of oil palm with the mounding was up to 2.30 mm day-1 or three times higher than the control. The implication was that the average yield of oil palm increased from approximately 1.84 to 3.71 tons ha-1 year-1 compared to no-mounding treatments. Furthermore, the average yield was 19-66% higher than the block without the mounding application.
Spodosols已被广泛用于油棕种植园，特别是在印度尼西亚的加里曼丹。然而，由于缺乏水分和养分保持能力，以及spodic层限制了植物根系的发育，它们在农业上不是最理想的。因此，油棕需要适当的农业实践来提高其潜在产量。本研究的目的是为了确定压包技术对油棕在spodosol中的生理性能和产量的影响。研究地点管理良好，2008年在加里曼丹中部的spodosols(典型单plohummod)上种植了8块油棕种植园。2015年种植的4块油棕采用了这种种植技术，其余4块没有进行种植。观察到的参数有土壤水分、蒸腾、穗数、穗重和产量。结果表明，堆土的平均含水量比对照高4%。此外，油棕的平均日蒸腾量达到2.30 mm day-1，是对照的3倍。这意味着，与不造田处理相比，油棕的平均产量从大约1.84吨/年增加到3.71吨/年。平均产量比未浇筑的地块高出19 ~ 66%。
{"title":"Mounding technique improves physiological performance and yield of oil palm on Spodosols","authors":"S. Suwardi, L. Sutiarso, Herry Wirianata, A. P. Nugroho, I. Pradiko, E. N. Ginting, N. H. Darlan, M. Syarovy, S. Primananda, S. Sukarman","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65460","url":null,"abstract":"Spodosols have been widely used for oil palm plantations, specifically in Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, they are sub-optimal for agriculture due to a lack of water and nutrient-holding capacity and a spodic layer that limits plant root development. Therefore, proper agriculture practices are needed for oil palm to enhance its potential yield. This study aims to determine the effect of the mounding technique on the physiological performance and yield of oil palms in spodosol. The study location was well-managed, with eight blocks of oil palm plantations planted in 2008 on spodosols (Typic Haplohumod) in Central Kalimantan. The mounding technique was applied to four blocks of oil palm planted in 2015, while the remaining four were left without mounding. The parameters observed were soil moisture, transpiration, number of bunches, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that the average moisture in the mounded soil was 4% greater than the control. Additionally, the average daily transpiration of oil palm with the mounding was up to 2.30 mm day-1 or three times higher than the control. The implication was that the average yield of oil palm increased from approximately 1.84 to 3.71 tons ha-1 year-1 compared to no-mounding treatments. Furthermore, the average yield was 19-66% higher than the block without the mounding application.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85655412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65456
A. Salam, H. Novpriansyah, Henrie Bucharie
The different forms of heavy metals may be significantly extracted from soils by plant roots. In a glasshouse experiment, the shifting of soil heavy metal forms under thorny amaranth was examined. To accomplish the research goal, thorny amaranth was planted for four weeks at field water content in soils with varying Cu and Zn contents. Copper and Zn levels in the soil were measured both before and after planting. High soil Cu and Zn levels reduced this plant's height and dry biomasses. Thorny amaranth considerably reduced the exchangeable and available Cu and Zn in the soil. The soil exchangeable and available Cu and Zn had a good correlation with the plant uptakes of these elements. Copper and Zn reductions by planting significantly lower than the available Cu and Zn. A significant portion of the soil exchangeable Cu and Zn shifted to stronger bonding during the incubation time. It was demonstrated that plants absorbed more Cu and Zn from forms different than the soil-exchangeable forms.
{"title":"Metal Extractability Changes in Soils Under Thorny Amaranth","authors":"A. Salam, H. Novpriansyah, Henrie Bucharie","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65456","url":null,"abstract":"The different forms of heavy metals may be significantly extracted from soils by plant roots. In a glasshouse experiment, the shifting of soil heavy metal forms under thorny amaranth was examined. To accomplish the research goal, thorny amaranth was planted for four weeks at field water content in soils with varying Cu and Zn contents. Copper and Zn levels in the soil were measured both before and after planting. High soil Cu and Zn levels reduced this plant's height and dry biomasses. Thorny amaranth considerably reduced the exchangeable and available Cu and Zn in the soil. The soil exchangeable and available Cu and Zn had a good correlation with the plant uptakes of these elements. Copper and Zn reductions by planting significantly lower than the available Cu and Zn. A significant portion of the soil exchangeable Cu and Zn shifted to stronger bonding during the incubation time. It was demonstrated that plants absorbed more Cu and Zn from forms different than the soil-exchangeable forms.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80937198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65455
S. Sukarman, A. R. Saidy, Gusti Rusmayadi, D. Adriani, S. Primananda, S. Suwardi, Herry Wirianata, Cindy Diah Ayu Fitriana
The same rainfall can cause different degrees of water stress depending on soil type, so the production response shown by plants can be different. This study is essential for growers, especially in predicting oil palm production based on water deficit for each soil type. The study was conducted on oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with four soil types in 1,446.15 ha (40 blocks). The source of data collected from oil palm plantations included bunch number, average bunch weight, rainfall, and soil physical and chemical properties for the last 15 years (2007 - 2021). This experimental study used a two-stage cluster sampling method. The results showed that the best productivity, bunch number, and average bunch weight were found on Ultisols. The four soil types tested showed the same annual production distribution dynamic, but the response rate from each soil type showed differences. Entisols and Spodosols were more prone to drought stress due to water deficit than Ultisols and Histosols because of the differences in soil texture. Water deficit causes a decrease in oil palm productivity by 5 - 22% in the first year (Ultisols 12 - 22%; Entisols 12 - 22%; Spodosols 7 - 19%; Histosols 5 - 15%) and 1 - 8% in the second year (Ultisols 3 - 7%; Entisols 2 - 4%; Spodosols 5 - 8%; Histosols 1 - 5%) compared to previous years production. A decrease in oil palm productivity occurs at 3 - 5 months (bunch failure phase), 1 year (abortion sensitive phase), and 2 - 2.5 years (sex differentiation phase) after a water deficit appears.
{"title":"Effect of water deficit of Ultisols, Entisols, Spodosols, and Histosols on oil palm productivity in Central Kalimantan","authors":"S. Sukarman, A. R. Saidy, Gusti Rusmayadi, D. Adriani, S. Primananda, S. Suwardi, Herry Wirianata, Cindy Diah Ayu Fitriana","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65455","url":null,"abstract":"The same rainfall can cause different degrees of water stress depending on soil type, so the production response shown by plants can be different. This study is essential for growers, especially in predicting oil palm production based on water deficit for each soil type. The study was conducted on oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with four soil types in 1,446.15 ha (40 blocks). The source of data collected from oil palm plantations included bunch number, average bunch weight, rainfall, and soil physical and chemical properties for the last 15 years (2007 - 2021). This experimental study used a two-stage cluster sampling method. The results showed that the best productivity, bunch number, and average bunch weight were found on Ultisols. The four soil types tested showed the same annual production distribution dynamic, but the response rate from each soil type showed differences. Entisols and Spodosols were more prone to drought stress due to water deficit than Ultisols and Histosols because of the differences in soil texture. Water deficit causes a decrease in oil palm productivity by 5 - 22% in the first year (Ultisols 12 - 22%; Entisols 12 - 22%; Spodosols 7 - 19%; Histosols 5 - 15%) and 1 - 8% in the second year (Ultisols 3 - 7%; Entisols 2 - 4%; Spodosols 5 - 8%; Histosols 1 - 5%) compared to previous years production. A decrease in oil palm productivity occurs at 3 - 5 months (bunch failure phase), 1 year (abortion sensitive phase), and 2 - 2.5 years (sex differentiation phase) after a water deficit appears.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81946950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.61973
Nurfadila Jamaluddin Sappe, S. Baja, R. Neswati, D. Rukmana
Land suitability assessment is essential for the efficient use of diminishing fertile agricultural land. Assessment parameters include soil texture, pH, the sum of basic cations, base saturation, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, soil depth, slope, and mean annual temperature and precipitation data. Results showed that 76.28% and 23.26% of the total area were optimally and moderately suitable for coffee growth, respectively; 9.6% and 90% were optimally and moderately suitable for cocoa growth, respectively; 1.98%, 78.74%, and 19.26% were optimally, moderately, and marginally suitable for clove growth, respectively; and 6.68%, 86.89%, and 6.41% was optimally, moderately, and marginally suitable for pepper growth, respectively. The final land suitability index (LSI) was strongly influenced by the threshold values used by the researcher and the quality of the land indicator itself. Plant threshold values differed due to variations in plant recruitment. The main limiting factors were mean annual temperature <26°C, acidic soil pH, and low CEC. This study showed that the fuzzy method is ideal for converting the numerical data of various magnitudes into membership function values and representing land suitability. The principal component analysis is an effective method to determine the weights of multiple factors in a systematic and objective manner. The linearity test found a correlation between LSI and production with f = 0.00, indicating that the applied model can predict agricultural production and is applicable to other agricultural land management.
{"title":"Land suitability assessment for agricultural crops in Enrekang, Indonesia: combination of principal component analysis and fuzzy methods","authors":"Nurfadila Jamaluddin Sappe, S. Baja, R. Neswati, D. Rukmana","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.61973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.61973","url":null,"abstract":"Land suitability assessment is essential for the efficient use of diminishing fertile agricultural land. Assessment parameters include soil texture, pH, the sum of basic cations, base saturation, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, soil depth, slope, and mean annual temperature and precipitation data. Results showed that 76.28% and 23.26% of the total area were optimally and moderately suitable for coffee growth, respectively; 9.6% and 90% were optimally and moderately suitable for cocoa growth, respectively; 1.98%, 78.74%, and 19.26% were optimally, moderately, and marginally suitable for clove growth, respectively; and 6.68%, 86.89%, and 6.41% was optimally, moderately, and marginally suitable for pepper growth, respectively. The final land suitability index (LSI) was strongly influenced by the threshold values used by the researcher and the quality of the land indicator itself. Plant threshold values differed due to variations in plant recruitment. The main limiting factors were mean annual temperature <26°C, acidic soil pH, and low CEC. This study showed that the fuzzy method is ideal for converting the numerical data of various magnitudes into membership function values and representing land suitability. The principal component analysis is an effective method to determine the weights of multiple factors in a systematic and objective manner. The linearity test found a correlation between LSI and production with f = 0.00, indicating that the applied model can predict agricultural production and is applicable to other agricultural land management.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72929019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59854
M. Khattak, M. Hanif, Sulatn Akbar Jaddon, Inam Ul Haq, R. Uddin
Maize is the second staple food and a major cereal crop in Pakistan, but its actual yield is 25-30% less than the potential because of high soil bulk densities. Three exotic maize varieties (Baber, Pioneer-30P45, and Syngenta-6621) were evaluated under the three different soil bulk densities of 1.00 - 1.30, 1.30 - 1.60, and 1.60- 1.90 g.cm-3. Nine treatments were replicated three times, making 27 pots experiments under complete randomized design were tested. Results showed that bulk density significantly (α < 0.05) affected all the parameters of the crops except the number of days to emergence. The fewest number of days to emergence (8.4), tasseling (60.9), silking (66.9), maturity (91.9), leaves per plant (6.3), as well as the lowest shoot thickness (0.49 cm) were obtained under the 1.00 - 1.30 g.cm-3 density. This density also produced the tallest plants (174.7 cm), highest stover (5938.7 kg ha-1), grain yields (1551 kg ha-1), and harvest index (21.9 %). Conversely, most days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity occurred at the bulk density of 1.60 - 1.90 g.cm-3, which also produced the shortest plants and the lowest grain stover and grain yields as well as the harvest index. It was concluded that increasing bulk density levels increase the number of days to tasseling, silking, maturity, and leaves per plant and shoot thickness. Syngenta 6621 was found late in maturity among the hybrids but produced superior stover and grain yields.
玉米是巴基斯坦的第二大主食和主要谷物作物，但由于土壤体积密度高，其实际产量比潜在产量低25-30%。在土壤容重为1.00 ~ 1.30、1.30 ~ 1.60和1.60 ~ 1.90 g cm-3的条件下，对3个外来玉米品种(Baber、Pioneer-30P45和Syngenta-6621)进行了评价。9个处理重复3次，共27个全随机设计盆栽试验。结果表明，容重显著(α < 0.05)影响除出苗期外的其他参数。在1.00 ~ 1.30 g.cm-3处理下，出苗期最短(8.4天)，抽雄期最短(60.9天)，出丝期最短(66.9天)，成熟期最短(91.9天)，单株叶片最短(6.3片)，茎粗最小(0.49 cm)。在此密度下，植株最高(174.7 cm)，秸秆最高(5938.7 kg ha-1)，籽粒产量最高(1551 kg ha-1)，收获指数最高(21.9%)。反之，出苗期、抽雄期、出丝期和成熟期在容重为1.60 ~ 1.90 g.cm-3时最多，株数最短，秸秆、产量和收获指数最低。综上所述，增加容重水平可提高抽雄、出丝、成熟的天数，提高单株叶片数和茎厚。先正达6621在杂交种中成熟较晚，但秸秆产量和籽粒产量均较优。
{"title":"Phenological and yield components response of major exotic maize varieties to different levels of soil bulk densities","authors":"M. Khattak, M. Hanif, Sulatn Akbar Jaddon, Inam Ul Haq, R. Uddin","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59854","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the second staple food and a major cereal crop in Pakistan, but its actual yield is 25-30% less than the potential because of high soil bulk densities. Three exotic maize varieties (Baber, Pioneer-30P45, and Syngenta-6621) were evaluated under the three different soil bulk densities of 1.00 - 1.30, 1.30 - 1.60, and 1.60- 1.90 g.cm-3. Nine treatments were replicated three times, making 27 pots experiments under complete randomized design were tested. Results showed that bulk density significantly (α < 0.05) affected all the parameters of the crops except the number of days to emergence. The fewest number of days to emergence (8.4), tasseling (60.9), silking (66.9), maturity (91.9), leaves per plant (6.3), as well as the lowest shoot thickness (0.49 cm) were obtained under the 1.00 - 1.30 g.cm-3 density. This density also produced the tallest plants (174.7 cm), highest stover (5938.7 kg ha-1), grain yields (1551 kg ha-1), and harvest index (21.9 %). Conversely, most days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity occurred at the bulk density of 1.60 - 1.90 g.cm-3, which also produced the shortest plants and the lowest grain stover and grain yields as well as the harvest index. It was concluded that increasing bulk density levels increase the number of days to tasseling, silking, maturity, and leaves per plant and shoot thickness. Syngenta 6621 was found late in maturity among the hybrids but produced superior stover and grain yields.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78034476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59758
M. A. Baquy, M. Mamun, Shamim Mia, M. Alam, M. Khan, S. Rahman
Globally, biochar research and its application for soil improvement have attracted the interest of many researchers, primarily environmental and soil scientists, in the last decade. But, a limited number of biochar research studies have been conducted in Bangladesh. Therefore, a comprehensive study on biochar research is necessary to find out the scope and opportunities of biochar application in the soils of Bangladesh. Generally, biochar can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. It also has a significant role in greenhouse gas emissions. The contaminated soils can also be remediated through the judicious application of biochar. In Bangladesh, biochar application enhanced soil pH, organic matter, phosphorus availability, and agricultural production while decreasing soil acidification, microbial activity, and heavy metals mobility. Besides that, there were both positive and negative findings regarding nitrogen availability, greenhouse gas emissions, and heavy metal accumulation. However, this review includes the selection of feedstock, the advancement of pyrolysis technology, the characterization of biochar, and the agronomic and environmental benefits of biochar use. This paper also reviews biochar study and application activities in Bangladesh over the last decade. Further research directions have been suggested to ensure the beneficial and safe application of biochar to agricultural property.
{"title":"Biochar research advancement in Bangladesh: challenges and opportunities of biochar in improving soil health","authors":"M. A. Baquy, M. Mamun, Shamim Mia, M. Alam, M. Khan, S. Rahman","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59758","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, biochar research and its application for soil improvement have attracted the interest of many researchers, primarily environmental and soil scientists, in the last decade. But, a limited number of biochar research studies have been conducted in Bangladesh. Therefore, a comprehensive study on biochar research is necessary to find out the scope and opportunities of biochar application in the soils of Bangladesh. Generally, biochar can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. It also has a significant role in greenhouse gas emissions. The contaminated soils can also be remediated through the judicious application of biochar. In Bangladesh, biochar application enhanced soil pH, organic matter, phosphorus availability, and agricultural production while decreasing soil acidification, microbial activity, and heavy metals mobility. Besides that, there were both positive and negative findings regarding nitrogen availability, greenhouse gas emissions, and heavy metal accumulation. However, this review includes the selection of feedstock, the advancement of pyrolysis technology, the characterization of biochar, and the agronomic and environmental benefits of biochar use. This paper also reviews biochar study and application activities in Bangladesh over the last decade. Further research directions have been suggested to ensure the beneficial and safe application of biochar to agricultural property. ","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81012123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59833
Rama T. Rashad, K. A. Shaban, Samia H. Ashmaye, Mona G. Abd El-Kader, A. A. Mahmoud
Bio-farming is an eco-friendly advance that minimizes the required chemical additives for optimizing the quality of crops that their storage is often accompanied by seeds’ components degradation. Magnetic treatment of seed was considered as a promising tool improves germination and growth. This study aims to evaluate the effect of individual and combined application of bio-fertilizers and the N-P-K mineral fertilizers preceded by magnetic treatment of dry and/or water-soaked seeds before sowing on the yield and quality of soybean cultivated in a saline soil.The field experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design with triplicates. The main two factors (F1) were not bio-fertilized and bio-fertilized plots. The sub-factors (F2) were three application rates (A: 50%, B: 75%, and C: 100%) of recommended doses of the three N, P, K fertilizers. The sub-sub factors (F3) were seeds not magnetically treated (NM) and magnetically treated (M). All factors were studied for dry soybean seeds (without soaking) and soaked seeds in magnetically treated water. After harvesting, soil and plant samples were analyzed. The most significant increase in the soybean seed yield (kg ha-1) was by 49.98% for the bio-fertilized magnetized dry seeds at 75% and 100% mineral N-P-K fertilization compared with the NM soaked seeds at 50% N-P-K (A rate) without bio-fertilization. The 75% mineral fertilization significantly increased the protein (%) by 41.69% and decreased the proline (mg g-1dw) by 46.68%. Magnetic treatment of seeds before cultivation and combined bio/mineral N-P-K fertilization reduced the Proline that alleviats the stress conditions.
{"title":"Effect of pre-sowing magnetic treatment of seeds with bio- and mineral fertilization on the soybean cultivated in a saline calcareous soil","authors":"Rama T. Rashad, K. A. Shaban, Samia H. Ashmaye, Mona G. Abd El-Kader, A. A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.59833","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-farming is an eco-friendly advance that minimizes the required chemical additives for optimizing the quality of crops that their storage is often accompanied by seeds’ components degradation. Magnetic treatment of seed was considered as a promising tool improves germination and growth. This study aims to evaluate the effect of individual and combined application of bio-fertilizers and the N-P-K mineral fertilizers preceded by magnetic treatment of dry and/or water-soaked seeds before sowing on the yield and quality of soybean cultivated in a saline soil.The field experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design with triplicates. The main two factors (F1) were not bio-fertilized and bio-fertilized plots. The sub-factors (F2) were three application rates (A: 50%, B: 75%, and C: 100%) of recommended doses of the three N, P, K fertilizers. The sub-sub factors (F3) were seeds not magnetically treated (NM) and magnetically treated (M). All factors were studied for dry soybean seeds (without soaking) and soaked seeds in magnetically treated water. After harvesting, soil and plant samples were analyzed. The most significant increase in the soybean seed yield (kg ha-1) was by 49.98% for the bio-fertilized magnetized dry seeds at 75% and 100% mineral N-P-K fertilization compared with the NM soaked seeds at 50% N-P-K (A rate) without bio-fertilization. The 75% mineral fertilization significantly increased the protein (%) by 41.69% and decreased the proline (mg g-1dw) by 46.68%. Magnetic treatment of seeds before cultivation and combined bio/mineral N-P-K fertilization reduced the Proline that alleviats the stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81285245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.58375
Supriyadi Supriyadi, Reni Ustiatik, Brilliant Mukti, S. Minardi, H. Widijanto, M. B. G. Sakti
Soil quality is the ability of the soil to perform its function, such as providing nourishment to the plants. However, intensive paddy farming, such as Hazton’s paddy farming method, is suspected to deteriorate soil quality status and degrade land sustainability. This study aimed to analyze soil quality under Hazton’s paddy farming. This study was conducted on paddy fields in Banyumas Regency using a randomized block design with treatment consisting of 1) conventional method as a control, 2) Hazton’s method + organic fertilizer, 3) Hazton’s method + organic fertilizer + decomposer, and 4) Hazton’s method + organic fertilizer + decomposer + leaf fertilizer. Soil quality was determined according to a minimum data set (MDS) that consisted of organic C, pH, total N, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bacterial density, soil respiration, and C/N ratio. The MDS was scored and calculated using the soil quality index formula and then classified from very low to very high (<0.19-1). This study highlighted that the soil quality in paddy farm using Hazton’s method in Banyumas Regency ranged from low (0.444) to very low (0.308). The application of organic fertilizer is not sufficient enough to refill the nutrient pool equal to harvested plant biomass. This leads to soil quality deterioration and affects land sustainability. Therefore, yield and biomass production should be included as soil quality indicators in future studies. Additionally, further soil degradation can be avoided by continuously assessing soil quality and the necessary conservation measures for preventing and minimizing further land degradation can be applied.
{"title":"Soil quality status under Hazton’s paddy farming: A case study in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Supriyadi Supriyadi, Reni Ustiatik, Brilliant Mukti, S. Minardi, H. Widijanto, M. B. G. Sakti","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.58375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.58375","url":null,"abstract":"Soil quality is the ability of the soil to perform its function, such as providing nourishment to the plants. However, intensive paddy farming, such as Hazton’s paddy farming method, is suspected to deteriorate soil quality status and degrade land sustainability. This study aimed to analyze soil quality under Hazton’s paddy farming. This study was conducted on paddy fields in Banyumas Regency using a randomized block design with treatment consisting of 1) conventional method as a control, 2) Hazton’s method + organic fertilizer, 3) Hazton’s method + organic fertilizer + decomposer, and 4) Hazton’s method + organic fertilizer + decomposer + leaf fertilizer. Soil quality was determined according to a minimum data set (MDS) that consisted of organic C, pH, total N, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bacterial density, soil respiration, and C/N ratio. The MDS was scored and calculated using the soil quality index formula and then classified from very low to very high (<0.19-1). This study highlighted that the soil quality in paddy farm using Hazton’s method in Banyumas Regency ranged from low (0.444) to very low (0.308). The application of organic fertilizer is not sufficient enough to refill the nutrient pool equal to harvested plant biomass. This leads to soil quality deterioration and affects land sustainability. Therefore, yield and biomass production should be included as soil quality indicators in future studies. Additionally, further soil degradation can be avoided by continuously assessing soil quality and the necessary conservation measures for preventing and minimizing further land degradation can be applied.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83330373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-18DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.59444
V. Cahyani, Dianing Wahyu Kinasih, P. Purwanto, J. Syamsiyah
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is known as multifunctional fungi for plant helpers under adverse conditions. However, studies that focused on the production strategy of AM biofertilizers with specific targets related to the soil limitations are limited. This study aimed to examine AM inocula from several sources using various compositions of acid mineral soil-based media and maize hosts in pot cultures to obtain effective AM inocula to handle the phosphor (P) limitations in acid mineral soils. Zeolite and Inceptisols were used as comparing media. The study utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely C = media composition (C0: zeolite; C1: representative media of Alfisols; C2: typical media of a mixture of Alfisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols; C3: typical media with the addition of Bio-RP nutrition; C4: Inceptisols) and I = AM inoculum source (I0: without inoculum; I1: inoculum from Alfisols; I2: mixed inoculum from Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols; I3: mixed inoculum from eight soil types), and six replications per treatment combination. The AM cultures on acid mineral soil-based media, which yielded the highest mycorrhizal infection, spore reproduction, and glomalin content, were C1I2 and C3I2, while the highest maize growth and P concentration were obtained with C1I1, CII2, C2I1, and C3I2. Compared to all the treatments, C1I1 and C1I2 are the superior AM cultures. Further study is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of AM cultures.
{"title":"Spore reproduction, glomalin content, and maize growth on mycorrhizal pot culture using acid mineral soil-based media","authors":"V. Cahyani, Dianing Wahyu Kinasih, P. Purwanto, J. Syamsiyah","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.59444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.59444","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is known as multifunctional fungi for plant helpers under adverse conditions. However, studies that focused on the production strategy of AM biofertilizers with specific targets related to the soil limitations are limited. This study aimed to examine AM inocula from several sources using various compositions of acid mineral soil-based media and maize hosts in pot cultures to obtain effective AM inocula to handle the phosphor (P) limitations in acid mineral soils. Zeolite and Inceptisols were used as comparing media. The study utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely C = media composition (C0: zeolite; C1: representative media of Alfisols; C2: typical media of a mixture of Alfisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols; C3: typical media with the addition of Bio-RP nutrition; C4: Inceptisols) and I = AM inoculum source (I0: without inoculum; I1: inoculum from Alfisols; I2: mixed inoculum from Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols; I3: mixed inoculum from eight soil types), and six replications per treatment combination. The AM cultures on acid mineral soil-based media, which yielded the highest mycorrhizal infection, spore reproduction, and glomalin content, were C1I2 and C3I2, while the highest maize growth and P concentration were obtained with C1I1, CII2, C2I1, and C3I2. Compared to all the treatments, C1I1 and C1I2 are the superior AM cultures. Further study is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of AM cultures.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76525979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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