Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.09
Paul Mihai Paraschiv
This article employs the graphic narrative Becoming Bone Sheep in order to present visually and textually the theories applied in building a critique of the Anthropocene. Concepts like gaze, becoming process, assemblage, de-flocking, racial proximity, zoe, affirmative transformations or networks will be theorized upon, resulting thus in an apparatus for the defence of all natural life. The graphic narrative exposes the flawed condition of man in relation with the nonhuman by representing a singular interaction between species – the gaze – which manages to dislocate the subjects from their individuality. Moreover, it draws on spatial confines that serve as an expression of parcelling the apparently unseen differences between the species, introducing in the discussion the re-evaluation of agency through what Braidotti calls zoe-centric ethics of becoming. Finally, it intends to delineate approaches for a further debate on countering oppressive structures in the context of Global South literature.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.05
Jey Sushil
What is the real extent of 75 years when discussing a traumatic event like the Partition of 1947, at least in fiction? In a bid to explore this, the article analyzes two Hindi novels divided by a span of 27 years: the first, Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas (1973), was considered an early and now classic fictional intervention (though late by the standards of some other Indian languages, such as Urdu and Punjabi) in the narratives of Partition, and the other, Kamleshwar’s Kitne Pakistan (2000), was published at the cusp of the new millennium. Much had changed in India over those three decades. Did these changes brought about by globalization, liberalization, and new technology also influence the representation of violence, communalism, and relationships between communities, maybe even an understanding of the causes of the Partition? While examining the differences in narration of time and space, as well as stylistic divergences, the article notes and highlights the different ways in which both the novels lack a hero and deals with the idea of hope and utopia that is read in the context of violence during Partition/Partitions.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.03
N. Chatterjee
Critics have used the colonizer/colonized or the Global North/Global South binaries to restore human rights and freedom. But these planetary or ideological binaries –though theoretically convenient – might not be ecologically sufficient to deal with the ongoing sixth mass extinction (Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History). The need of the hour is to critique the existing knowledge systems (science, technology, politics) through the lens of eco-alterity, wherein every agent of environmental disaster is to be identified as the ecological ‘other.’ In this context, the unique indigenous participation of the ecological ‘selves’ is to be deciphered and disseminated: The indigenous ecotopias of the earth might provide insights into ecological sustenance, food sovereignty and coexistence. The present study, therefore, situates the relevance of exploring indigenous ecological knowledge systems by proposing eco-alterity as the tool to liberate victims of ‘slow violence’ (Nixon). In so doing, it seeks to make visible the unique ecotopia of Naga ecological natives – as represented in Kire’s novels – that has survived multiple forms of slow violence.
{"title":"Ecological ‘Self’ vs the Ecological ‘Other’: Indigenous Naga Ecotopia for the Dystopic World","authors":"N. Chatterjee","doi":"10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.03","url":null,"abstract":"Critics have used the colonizer/colonized or the Global North/Global South binaries to restore human rights and freedom. But these planetary or ideological binaries –though theoretically convenient – might not be ecologically sufficient to deal with the ongoing sixth mass extinction (Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History). The need of the hour is to critique the existing knowledge systems (science, technology, politics) through the lens of eco-alterity, wherein every agent of environmental disaster is to be identified as the ecological ‘other.’ In this context, the unique indigenous participation of the ecological ‘selves’ is to be deciphered and disseminated: The indigenous ecotopias of the earth might provide insights into ecological sustenance, food sovereignty and coexistence. The present study, therefore, situates the relevance of exploring indigenous ecological knowledge systems by proposing eco-alterity as the tool to liberate victims of ‘slow violence’ (Nixon). In so doing, it seeks to make visible the unique ecotopia of Naga ecological natives – as represented in Kire’s novels – that has survived multiple forms of slow violence.","PeriodicalId":36476,"journal":{"name":"Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47381195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.01
M. Juvan
Based on Said’s understanding of literature’s worldliness, Hayot’s concept of literary worlds, and Cheah’s interpretation of worlding, the article – itself an example of “traveling theory” (Said) – proposes to treat world literature in a “secular” perspective, i.e., as an asymmetrical world-system that conditions a transcultural and translinguistic semiosis of literary worlds. The literary world-system, which arises from and is dependent on and responsive to the modern world-system of capitalism (see Warwick Research Collective) channels interliterary exchange in a way that is homologous to the economic inequality between the centers, which are capable of accumulating surplus value, and the peripheries, which enable the global dominance of the centers by providing the market, labor, and resources for the goods produced or distributed by the centers.
{"title":"Wordliness, Worlds, And Worlding of Literature","authors":"M. Juvan","doi":"10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.01","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Said’s understanding of literature’s worldliness, Hayot’s concept of literary worlds, and Cheah’s interpretation of worlding, the article – itself an example of “traveling theory” (Said) – proposes to treat world literature in a “secular” perspective, i.e., as an asymmetrical world-system that conditions a transcultural and translinguistic semiosis of literary worlds. The literary world-system, which arises from and is dependent on and responsive to the modern world-system of capitalism (see Warwick Research Collective) channels interliterary exchange in a way that is homologous to the economic inequality between the centers, which are capable of accumulating surplus value, and the peripheries, which enable the global dominance of the centers by providing the market, labor, and resources for the goods produced or distributed by the centers.","PeriodicalId":36476,"journal":{"name":"Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41390306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.13
Ș. Baghiu, Emanuel Modoc
Using network models and quantitative methods, the present article provides a bird’s-eye-view of the Romanian novelistic translationscape published in volumes during the “long 19th century”. The study approaches the cultural production of translated novels in the selected period from a relational perspective, aiming to investigate the connections between different publishers, with their respective editorial practices, and the translated authors selected from both major and minor source cultures. With this in mind, our paper will attempt not only to analyze the actor-network aspect of the translational networks established in the country, but also to provide an interpretive model for the selection of specific translated authors over others and their role in the cultural and nation-building process of early-modern Romanian culture.
{"title":"Compensation and Kin Selection in the Long Nineteenth Century Translationscapes","authors":"Ș. Baghiu, Emanuel Modoc","doi":"10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.13","url":null,"abstract":"Using network models and quantitative methods, the present article provides a bird’s-eye-view of the Romanian novelistic translationscape published in volumes during the “long 19th century”. The study approaches the cultural production of translated novels in the selected period from a relational perspective, aiming to investigate the connections between different publishers, with their respective editorial practices, and the translated authors selected from both major and minor source cultures. With this in mind, our paper will attempt not only to analyze the actor-network aspect of the translational networks established in the country, but also to provide an interpretive model for the selection of specific translated authors over others and their role in the cultural and nation-building process of early-modern Romanian culture.","PeriodicalId":36476,"journal":{"name":"Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41415716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.02
Didier Coste
Theorization is rendered more necessary than ever by globalization, it is the most privileged manner of delineating phenomena and articulating the manifest; without it, anthropological unity is denied and regression to self-destructive competition for survival and domination becomes inevitable. Revathi Krishnaswamy expounds that, rather than mere explicit bodies of theory, an inclusive approach to literature should welcome implicit, latent, emergent concepts and practices from every excluded area, every language and every cultural minority. The aim of this diversification runs against radical relativism, it is a quest for aesthetic and other universals beyond all the particular features that construct actual literary practices. Similarly, in the complex dialogic exchange staged by Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller, the two thinkers practice and exhibit a kind of “rooted cosmopolitanism” (Appiah): it would seem that, to exploit texts in context, or to transfer a theoretical set from one culture to another, you need to belong somewhere, to possess and be possessed by some origin. Contrary to the narrative of rooted extension that remains linear even if it is liable to bifurcate, experimental cosmopolitanism considers that we owe no debt to initial or prior circumstance and that our obligations and initiatives, determined by species and trans-species solidarity, apply in the framework of spatial proximity for practical reasons exclusively.
{"title":"When Less Is More: Towards A Theory without A Fixed Address","authors":"Didier Coste","doi":"10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.02","url":null,"abstract":"Theorization is rendered more necessary than ever by globalization, it is the most privileged manner of delineating phenomena and articulating the manifest; without it, anthropological unity is denied and regression to self-destructive competition for survival and domination becomes inevitable. Revathi Krishnaswamy expounds that, rather than mere explicit bodies of theory, an inclusive approach to literature should welcome implicit, latent, emergent concepts and practices from every excluded area, every language and every cultural minority. The aim of this diversification runs against radical relativism, it is a quest for aesthetic and other universals beyond all the particular features that construct actual literary practices. Similarly, in the complex dialogic exchange staged by Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller, the two thinkers practice and exhibit a kind of “rooted cosmopolitanism” (Appiah): it would seem that, to exploit texts in context, or to transfer a theoretical set from one culture to another, you need to belong somewhere, to possess and be possessed by some origin. Contrary to the narrative of rooted extension that remains linear even if it is liable to bifurcate, experimental cosmopolitanism considers that we owe no debt to initial or prior circumstance and that our obligations and initiatives, determined by species and trans-species solidarity, apply in the framework of spatial proximity for practical reasons exclusively.","PeriodicalId":36476,"journal":{"name":"Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45651753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.03
Maria Chiorean
This article discusses three books about the 1994 genocide against Rwandan Tutsis, all of which belong to the “Writing as a Duty to Memory” project: two novels by Boubacar Boris Diop and Abdourahman Waberi respectively, and a travel journal by Véronique Tadjo. It looks at the performance of a new sense of community after a traumatic event which invalidated traditional notions of ethnicity, national unity and historical continuity, contrasting the social and ethical function assigned to storytelling in the wake of genocide with the description of politically engaged, marginal literatures in the work of Pascale Casanova, as well as Franco Moretti’s distinction between premodern and modern literature. More precisely, the Rwandan case presents an alternative to the teleological patterns of literary evolution drawn by some World Literature scholars, as this moment in literary history was shaped by collective trauma and ethical imperatives rather than Rwanda’s peripheral status in the literary world-system or its so-called “delay” in terms of written culture.
本文讨论了三本关于1994年卢旺达图西族种族灭绝的书，它们都属于“写作是记忆的义务”项目：Boubacar Boris Diop和Abdourahman Waberi分别的两本小说，以及Véronique Tadjo的一本旅行杂志。它着眼于一场创伤事件后新的社区意识的表现，这场创伤事件使传统的种族、民族团结和历史连续性观念失效，将种族灭绝后赋予讲故事的社会和伦理功能与帕斯卡尔·卡萨诺瓦作品中对政治参与的边缘文学的描述进行了对比，以及弗兰科·莫雷蒂对前现代文学和现代文学的区分。更准确地说，卢旺达的案件为一些世界文学学者绘制的文学进化的目的论模式提供了一种替代方案，因为文学史上的这一时刻是由集体创伤和道德要求塑造的，而不是卢旺达在文学世界体系中的边缘地位或其在书面文化方面的所谓“延迟”。
{"title":"Alternative Patterns of Literary Progress: Writing about Rwanda in the Wake of Trauma","authors":"Maria Chiorean","doi":"10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.03","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses three books about the 1994 genocide against Rwandan Tutsis, all of which belong to the “Writing as a Duty to Memory” project: two novels by Boubacar Boris Diop and Abdourahman Waberi respectively, and a travel journal by Véronique Tadjo. It looks at the performance of a new sense of community after a traumatic event which invalidated traditional notions of ethnicity, national unity and historical continuity, contrasting the social and ethical function assigned to storytelling in the wake of genocide with the description of politically engaged, marginal literatures in the work of Pascale Casanova, as well as Franco Moretti’s distinction between premodern and modern literature. More precisely, the Rwandan case presents an alternative to the teleological patterns of literary evolution drawn by some World Literature scholars, as this moment in literary history was shaped by collective trauma and ethical imperatives rather than Rwanda’s peripheral status in the literary world-system or its so-called “delay” in terms of written culture.","PeriodicalId":36476,"journal":{"name":"Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.07
Emanuel Modoc
In recent years, Romanian literary studies took one of its major methodological turns toward distant reading, using either or both quantitative and computational analysis. While quantitative analysis employed lexicographical instruments such as dictionaries and literary chronologies, computational analysis tried to approach the issue from a “data rich” historical perspective (Katherine Bode), while also attempting to build a digital corpus adapted to computational methods. The following paper attempts to survey the main research projects that deal with the computational analysis of Romanian literature in general and the Romanian novel in particular. The first part of the study undertakes a succinct state-of-the-art on past and ongoing endeavours concerned with digital approaches to the study of Romanian literature, their initial findings and potential. The second part will take a more theoretic approach to some of the key concepts related to data supported literary history. Finally, the last part of the study tackles the main challenges of developing a digital corpus of a local literature and the shortcomings related to this literature’s “locality” in terms of computational approaches and the compatibility of the tools developed by Western research projects.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.05
Mihnea Bâlici
This essay proposes a theory of interperipheral relations in Eastern Europe, starting from the cases of Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The aim is to affirm a more materialistic interpretation of world-literature studies, starting from the thesis of separation and inequality between the two Romanian-language literary systems. Thus, the essay starts from a critique of several directions of world literature and postcolonialism, returning to the method of world-systems analysis (as conceived by Immanuel Wallerstein and his followers). Another method is that of the Warwick Research Collective, which conceives global literature as defined by the Marxist theory of combined and uneven development. Romania, being in a geopolitical position that is closer to the neoliberal ideologies of “civilizational progress” and “artistic modernity”, represents Moldova's access point to the transnational market. The cases exemplified in the second part of the essay highlight the way in which a series of Bessarabian authors use and recontextualize some narrative forms specific to post-communist Romanian literature. The authors brought into discussion are the Fracturists Dumitru Crudu and Alexandru Vakulovski, the journalist Vasile Ernu, the anthropologist Dinu Guțu, the Bessarabian novelists Iulian Ciocan and Liliana Corobca, and the émigré writer Tatiana Țîbuleac.
本文从罗马尼亚和摩尔多瓦共和国的情况出发，提出了一种东欧国家间关系理论。其目的是从两个罗马尼亚语文学系统之间的分离和不平等这一命题出发，肯定对世界文学研究的更唯物主义的解释。因此，本文从对世界文学和后殖民主义的几个方向的批判开始，回到世界系统分析的方法（正如伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦及其追随者所设想的那样）。另一种方法是华威研究集体的方法，它按照马克思主义的组合和不均衡发展理论来构思全球文学。罗马尼亚的地缘政治地位更接近“文明进步”和“艺术现代性”的新自由主义意识形态，是摩尔多瓦进入跨国市场的入口。文章第二部分列举的案例突出了一系列贝萨拉比亚作家使用和重新文本化后共产主义罗马尼亚文学特有的一些叙事形式的方式。参与讨论的作者有Fracturists Dumitru Crudu和Alexandru Vakulovski，记者Vasile Ernu，人类学家Dinu Guțu，Bessarian小说家Iulian Ciocan和Liliana Corobca，以及移民作家TatianaȚîbuleac。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2022.13.08
Ovio Olaru
In the present article, I address two novelistic productions set in late 19th century and early 20th century Transylvania, discussing the different intersections of class, ethnicity, and culture underlying the constructed image of Empire in the periphery. Drawing on Manuela Boatcă and Anca Pârvulescu’s work on Transylvanian inter-imperiality – borrowed, in turn, from Laura Doyle –, the paper discusses Ioan Slavici’s Mara and Liviu Rebreanu’s Forest of the Hanged as stages of imperial downfall. The main argument is that, whereas Mara and other similar works present the interclass and interethnic conflict as negotiable compromise functioning as narrative momentum for the novelistic plot, the compromise comes undone in Forest of the Hanged, where the capitalist aspirations of the former work is put aside in the forging of national identity.
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