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Remembering Things Present: The Matter of Memory 记住现在的事情:记忆的问题
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.01
P. Petrar, C. Borbély
The argument behind our introductory essay, as well as behind our special issue of the Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory, is that the human can emerge as part of the texture of the world only by being reminded of and by objects, that is, only by engaging in a dialogue with them, by recognising both their strangeness and their familiarity, by conferring upon them the distinction of containing the traces and archives of individual and collective history. We examine the turn towards things enacted by recent critical and artistic trends as a complex amalgam of de-anthropocentrising modes recalibrating experience under the pressure of imminent extinction (of humans, animals, inanimate objects) which produces a new imperative of togetherness by excavating the memory of our shared materiality.
我们的介绍性文章,以及我们的Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory特刊背后的论点是,只有通过被物体提醒和提醒,人类才能成为世界结构的一部分,也就是说,只有通过与它们对话,通过认识到它们的陌生和熟悉,通过赋予它们包含个人和集体历史的痕迹和档案的区别。我们审视了由最近的批判和艺术趋势所制定的转向事物的趋势,将其作为一种复杂的去人类中心化模式的混合体,在即将灭绝的压力下(人类、动物、无生命物体)重新校准经验,通过挖掘我们共同物质的记忆,产生了一种新的团结的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The World of the Dying:’ John Mcgahern’s Memoir and the Thingness in Anticipatory Grief 《死亡的世界:约翰·麦格亨的回忆录与预期悲伤中的虚无》
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.14
Andrei-Bogdan Popa
My essay will aim to prove that John McGahern’s Memoir foregrounds the material dimension of anticipatory grief and its aftermath as a space in which different affective responses to the “Thing” can be explored. Firstly, I look at how the text edits together memories of anticipatory grief in order to dramatize the “apparatus of thinking” (Steven Connor) as an affective spatiality (Marta Figlerowicz) in relation to an irrupting thingness within the object world. Secondly, I look at how McGahern and his father are “timed by things” (Timothy Morton) in their effort to remember or objectify affect, and how mourning itself becomes a matter of accepting nonhuman temporality. As such, this textual engagement with memories and inscriptions enacts a writerly form of anticipatory-vicarious grief, a “moral emotion” arising from the “anticipated harm” (Somogy Varga and Shaun Gallagher) that the subject feels will affect those close to her after her death.
我的文章旨在证明约翰·麦加亨的回忆录将预期悲伤及其后果的物质维度作为一个可以探索对“事物”不同情感反应的空间。首先,我观察文本如何将预期悲伤的记忆编辑在一起,以将“思维装置”(史蒂文·康纳饰)戏剧化为一种情感空间性(玛尔塔·菲格罗维奇饰),与对象世界中的突发事物有关。其次,我观察了McGahern和他的父亲在努力记忆或物化情感时是如何“被事物计时”的(Timothy Morton),以及哀悼本身是如何成为接受非人类时间性的问题。因此,这种与记忆和铭文的文本接触产生了一种预期的替代悲伤的书面形式,一种由“预期的伤害”(索莫吉·瓦尔加和肖恩·加拉格尔)产生的“道德情感”,受试者认为这种伤害会在她死后影响到她身边的人。
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引用次数: 0
Empathet(H)Ics: Intersubjectivity, Interobjectivity, and (Non)Human Storytellers in Colum Mccann’s Let The Great World Spin 共情(H)Ics:主体间性、客体间性和(非)人类故事讲述者在麦肯的《让伟大的世界旋转》一书中
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.13
Ada Beleuță
Tracing some of the inflection points in our conceptualization of empathy, social cognition, intersubjective understanding, and social theories over time, this essay attempts to contextualize and give a possible explanation to the more radical changes determined by the so-called nonhuman turn. Drawing on the theories proposed by Steven Connor, Bill Brown, and Bruno Latour on the relations between human and nonhuman agents, the paper will argue for the inherent potential of things to both exceed the limits of human agency and cognitive capacities (specifically, memory and intersubjective understanding) and foster their expansion. A reading of Colum McCann’s Let the Great World Spin (2009) will emphasize the importance of interobjectivity as a mechanism of augmenting empathy and intersubjective understanding. The polyphony of narrativized memories of loss, mourning, trauma – and even pre-trauma, in their construction of an alternative history to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, uses things to encode, store, and retrieve memories, as well as to facilitate (re)connections with others beyond boundaries of space, time, or death. Thus, the democratic force of storytelling returns to corroborate “a democracy extended to things” (Latour).
随着时间的推移,本文追踪了我们对移情、社会认知、主体间理解和社会理论概念化的一些转折点,试图将所谓的非人转向所决定的更激进的变化置于情境中,并给出可能的解释。本文借鉴了史蒂文·康纳、比尔·布朗和布鲁诺·拉图尔提出的关于人类和非人类主体之间关系的理论,认为事物的内在潜力既超过了人类主体和认知能力(特别是记忆和主体间理解)的极限,又促进了它们的扩展。阅读Colum McCann的《让大世界旋转》(2009)将强调客体间性作为增强移情和主体间理解机制的重要性。失去、哀悼、创伤甚至创伤前的叙事记忆的复调,在构建9/11恐怖袭击的替代历史时,利用事物来编码、存储和检索记忆,并促进与空间、时间或死亡之外的其他人的(重新)联系。因此,讲故事的民主力量再次证实了“延伸到事物的民主”(拉图尔)。
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引用次数: 0
The Emergence of Violence and the Terror of Being Born in Murakami’s Coin Locker Babies 村上春树的《硬币柜中的婴儿》中暴力的出现与出生的恐惧
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.16
Florina Ilis
Modern poetics imposed the image of Nietzsche’s split Subject, with the disaggregated self-emerging as dilemmatic subjectivity and its aesthetic culmination in the “dehumanisation of art.” Nietzsche’s philosophy provided postmodern poetics with the Subject as “fiction,” subjected to a complex process of self-multiplication and self-reflection (Ihab Hassan). The loss of the autonomy of the Subject as a “fashionable theme” (Frederic Jameson), combined with its multiplication into simulacra (Jean Baudrillard) and the abolition of reference, allow the Object to storm the places of its absence. The multiplicitous nature under which the image of subjectivity is formed is a possible solution for the issue of the Subject. Another solution would be inflicting violence upon the Subject, replaced by the corporeality of the Object, by the body, to the point of its destruction, or to the ultimate point of abjectness. My essay will use Murakami Ryū’s novel Coin Locker Babies to examine its author’s views on the Object-Subject relation, on the Subject as an Object (corporeality) and on the forms through which the Object inflicts violence upon the Subject.
现代诗学强加了尼采分裂主体的形象,分裂的自我成为困惑的主体性,并在“艺术的非人性化”中达到审美的顶点。尼采的哲学为后现代诗学提供了“小说”主体,经历了一个复杂的自我倍增和自我反思的过程(Ihab Hassan)。主体作为“时尚主题”的自主性的丧失(弗雷德里克·詹姆逊),再加上其向拟像的增殖(让·波德里亚)和参照的废除,使客体得以在其缺席的地方风暴。主体形象形成的多重性是主体问题的可能解决方案。另一种解决方案是对主体施加暴力,取而代之的是客体的物质性、身体性,达到毁灭的地步,或达到最终的绝望。我的文章将使用村上龙树的小说《硬币锁婴儿》来考察作者对客体-主体关系、主体作为客体(物质)以及客体对主体施加暴力的形式的看法。
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引用次数: 2
Plastic Memories of the Anthropocene 人类世的可塑记忆
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.05
D. Clinci
Plastic has become a ubiquitous material on planet Earth. I use Bennett’s term, thing-power, to analyse various aspects of plastic’s onto-materiality. Generally considered a single-use material, plastic is easily discarded, leaving the individualized, private space of capitalism, and becoming a nomad, in the terms of Deleuze and Guattari, thus travelling through a smooth space. Then, plastic enters a symbiotic relationship with all biotic and abiotic bodies, becoming endo-plastic. As a geological layer, it becomes a “vibrant” memory of the nexus between capitalism and humanism, revealing its full political potential. Plastic is a witness, by-product and determinant of the Anthropocene, and its memory tells the political and ideological geostory (Donna J. Haraway) of human exceptionalism. Becoming-plastic is one way of overcoming anthropocentrism: not just by advocating for “post-humanism,” but by advocating for “posthum-ism,” even if this means “embracing human extinction” (Patricia MacCormack).
塑料已经成为地球上无处不在的材料。我用班尼特的术语“物力”来分析塑料的非物质性的各个方面。塑料通常被认为是一种一次性材料,很容易被丢弃,离开了资本主义的个性化、私人空间,成为德勒兹和瓜塔里所说的游牧民,从而在一个平滑的空间中旅行。然后,塑料与所有生物和非生物体进入共生关系,成为内塑性。作为一个地质层,它成为资本主义和人文主义之间联系的“充满活力的”记忆,揭示了其充分的政治潜力。塑料是人类世的见证者、副产品和决定因素,它的记忆讲述了人类例外论的政治和意识形态历史(Donna J. Haraway)。变得可塑化是克服人类中心主义的一种方式:不仅要倡导“后人文主义”,还要倡导“后人类主义”,即使这意味着“拥抱人类灭绝”(帕特里夏·麦考马克)。
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引用次数: 0
Keeping the Memories of the Malvinas/Falklands War Alive: Exploring Memorial Sites in the UK, Argentina and the Falkland Islands 保持马尔维纳斯/福克兰群岛战争的记忆:探索英国,阿根廷和福克兰群岛的纪念遗址
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.07
A. Bellot
The remembrance of war and commemoration practices shape the collective memories of society and, as such, war has been one of the most productive topics in memory studies. Commemorating past wars is one of the ways of constructing a commonly shared memory that would enhance group cohesion and shape collective identity. This paper will provide three examples of sites of memory in reference to the Malvinas/Falklands War, one from each side of the dispute— United Kingdom, Argentina and a third example from the actual territory of the Falkland Islands to illustrate how war memorials are an expression of patriotism, built to frame the deaths in terms of a national narrative of glorious sacrifice for cause and nation. Therefore, war commemoration recalls past experiences of suffering, but at the same time, of resistance.
对战争的记忆和纪念活动塑造了社会的集体记忆,因此,战争一直是记忆研究中最有成效的主题之一。纪念过去的战争是构建共同记忆的方式之一,这将增强群体凝聚力,塑造集体认同。本文将提供关于马尔维纳斯/福克兰群岛战争的三个纪念地点的例子,一个来自争端的双方——联合王国、阿根廷,另一个来自福克兰群岛的实际领土,以说明战争纪念碑如何是爱国主义的一种表达,其目的是根据为事业和国家作出光荣牺牲的民族叙述来构建死亡。因此,战争纪念唤起了过去的苦难经历,但同时也唤起了抵抗。
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引用次数: 0
Merging the Human and the Nonhuman: The Object Narrator in The Adventures of a Black Coat 人类与非人类的融合:《黑大衣历险记》中的对象叙述者
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24193/MJCST.2021.11.09
I. Dragoș
Rooted in the tradition of eighteenth-century circulation novels recounted by an object narrator, The Adventures of a Black Coat (1760) epitomizes the features of this experimental novelistic subgenre by foregrounding a coat which, acting as a homodiegetic narrator, lambastes the world of commodities prompted by the rise of early capitalism. As an object endowed with moral conscience, the coat epistemologically proves to be a reliable narrator that is able to render authentic experience and feelings by getting empirically involved in the world it describes. Worn by a few owners, the coat becomes a sharp observer of society and, most importantly, it foreshadows what Karl Marx has termed “commodity fetishism.” According to Marx, commodities and humans become part of a process that is economically endorsed by exchange. Read in this light, I argue that the text reveals the Marxist process of reification whereby social relations between humans turn into social relations between things. Despite being an object narrator, the coat fulfils a typically eighteenth-century pedagogical function, in that it warns the reader against the degrading morals of a society addicted to material culture.
《黑大衣历险记》(the Adventures of a Black Coat, 1760)植根于18世纪流通小说的传统,由一个实物叙述者叙述,它通过突出一件大衣,作为一个同质叙事的叙述者,痛斥早期资本主义兴起所催生的商品世界,集中体现了这种实验小说亚类型的特点。外衣作为一种被赋予道德良知的客体,在认识论上证明了它是一个可靠的叙述者,能够通过经验地参与到它所描述的世界中来呈现真实的体验和感受。只有少数人穿着,这种外套就成了社会的敏锐观察者,最重要的是,它预示着卡尔·马克思(Karl Marx)所说的“商品拜物教”。根据马克思的观点,商品和人成为一个过程的一部分,这个过程在经济上得到了交换的认可。从这个角度来看,我认为本文揭示了马克思主义的物化过程,即人与物之间的社会关系转化为物与人之间的社会关系。尽管是一个对象叙述者,外套履行了典型的十八世纪教育功能,因为它警告读者警惕沉迷于物质文化的社会的堕落道德。
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引用次数: 0
Style at the Scale of the Canon. A Stylometric Analysis of 100 Romanian Novels Published between 1920 and 1940 风格在标准的规模。对1920年至1940年间出版的100部罗马尼亚小说的文体分析
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2020.10.03
Emanuel Modoc, Daiana Gârdan
The present study proposes an experimental exploration of the Romanian novel written between 1920 and 1940 through the use of stylometry, a method of distant reading employed for the statistical analysis of style. Drawing from the most recent advances in the field of computational stylistics, we select a formal standpoint from which we seek to investigate the relation between the Romanian novelistic canon and minor, tertiary novels published in the same. In our test cases, we will attempt to establish some of the more promising aspects of stylometric analysis, as well as single out the experiments that yield no relevant result. Because of the relative novelty of the method, the purpose of our investigations is to offer a kind of pilot experiment that can illustrate the benefits of using computational methods on Romanian literary corpora.
本研究提出了一个实验性的探索罗马尼亚小说写在1920年和1940年之间,通过使用文体学,远距离阅读的方法用于风格的统计分析。从计算文体学领域的最新进展中,我们选择了一个正式的立场,我们试图调查罗马尼亚小说佳能和小,第三小说之间的关系发表在同一。在我们的测试用例中,我们将尝试建立一些更有前途的风格分析方面,以及挑出没有产生相关结果的实验。由于该方法相对新颖,我们调查的目的是提供一种试点实验,可以说明在罗马尼亚文学语料库上使用计算方法的好处。
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引用次数: 1
The Character Network in Liviu Rebreanu’s Ion: A Quantitative Analysis of Dialogue 利维乌·雷布雷努《离子》中的人物网络:对话的定量分析
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2020.10.02
This study revisits what is widely considered “the first modern novel” in Romanian literature, Liviu Rebreanu’s Ion, from a network theory perspective. Isolating the dialogue and quantitatively analysing the interventions of every character and their interactions in the fictional world, it provides a blueprint for the exploration of social and personal dynamics between characters. In recent years, rural literature in Romania has undergone a recontextualization process. Following in the footsteps of these approaches, our research provides the first character network of Ion and outlines who talks, how much, and to whom. It also explores how differences in social class influence speaking time or the structure of the individual discourses, taking an in-depth look at the relationship between and roles of the two characters who talk most.
本研究从网络理论的角度重新审视了罗马尼亚文学中被广泛认为是“第一部现代小说”的《李维乌的离子》。隔离对话,定量分析每个角色在虚构世界中的干预及其互动,为探索角色之间的社会和个人动态提供了蓝图。近年来,罗马尼亚乡村文学经历了一个文本化的过程。跟随这些方法的脚步,我们的研究提供了Ion的第一个角色网络,并概述了谁说话、说话多少以及和谁说话。它还探讨了社会阶层的差异如何影响话语时间或个体话语的结构,深入探讨了两个话语最多的人物之间的关系和角色。
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引用次数: 11
Novel and Anti-Novel. Moretti Before Distant Reading 小说与反小说。远程阅读前的莫雷蒂
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2020.10.01
Alex Cistelecan
The paper discusses an intermediary phase in Franco Moretti’s intellectual journey, namely the years 1990s. This is a period of transition in Moretti’s thinking, in which he is working simultaneously on two fronts: on the one hand, he is refining evermore and bringing to completion his specific brand of close reading analysis developed in the previous decade – namely the combination of evolutionary theory, formal-rhetorical analysis, and eclectic Marxism (with its highly unstable mix of Lukács, Wallerstein, and Della Volpe); on the other, he is forging for the first time the new tools and concepts of what will become, after 2000, his defining intellectual signature – the method of distant reading. The two undertakings correspond to two opposed literary objects: on the one hand, the novel – with its regularity of form, reproduction in large scale, centripetal movement, bourgeois imaginary, and national horizon; on the other, what we call the ‘anti-novel’, which is the modern epic in Moretti’s understanding – the few dozen ‘world-texts’, highly polymorphous and reproducible only in few and select occurrences, centrifugal in their movement, and transcending the national and bourgeois horizon, rooted as they are in the critical, semi-peripheral junctures of the capitalist world-system. The paper dwells on some of the oppositions and similarities, overlaps and contradictions, theoretical problems and practical solutions, raised or offered by the two methodological approaches and their corresponding literary objects.
本文论述了佛朗哥·莫雷蒂思想历程中的一个中间阶段,即20世纪90年代。这是莫雷蒂思想的一个转型期,他同时在两个方面工作:一方面,他不断完善并完成了他在前十年发展起来的细读分析的特定品牌——即进化论、形式修辞分析,兼收并蓄的马克思主义(其高度不稳定的混合体包括卢卡奇、沃勒斯坦和德拉·沃尔佩);另一方面,他正在首次打造新的工具和概念,这些工具和概念将在2000年后成为他定义性的智力签名&远程阅读方法。这两项事业对应着两个对立的文学对象:一方面,小说——具有形式的规律性、大规模的再现性、向心运动性、资产阶级的想象性和民族的视野;另一方面,我们称之为“反小说”,这是莫雷蒂所理解的现代史诗——几十种“世界文本”,高度多样化,只在少数和特定的事件中可复制,其运动具有离心性,并超越了国家和资产阶级的视野,植根于资本主义世界体系的关键、半边缘的转折点。本文论述了这两种方法论及其相应的文学对象所提出或提供的一些对立与相似、重叠与矛盾、理论问题和实践解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
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