Essence and existence are the most important existential and philosophical categories. Al Farabi is among the first philosophers who tried through these categories to participate in the existential and philosophical construction. In this paper we would like to show the most important philosophical positions towards the issue of essence and existence and to compare between various ontologies mainly the ones of ‘Al Farabi, Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus’, in order to show the fundamental differences between them and the extent of originality in Al farabi’s point of view. Although Plato confirmed the authenticity of essence, Aristotle confirmed the link between essence and existence, and Plotinus acknowledged the authenticity of essence, it is worth to notice that Al Farabi is the first who distinguished between essence and existence as. Moreover, we intend to determine the specific relationship that combines essence and Existence in Al-Farabi's philosophy, mainly because this relationship has an impact on several areas of thought such as metaphysics and theory of knowledge. Finally, we will show, on the one hand, the most important consequences of this relationship, beginning by the important critics that have affected Al Farabi’s philosophy and tried to highlight his most important contradictions, or negative results. On the other hand, we will highlight the most important positive results that have significant impact on great philosophies, even on contemporary philosophical thought, and to investigate the most important ideas through which Al Farabi would have changed the course of philosophical thought. To conclude we can state that Al farabi represents the most prominent appearance of the issue of Essence and Existence in the history of Islamic philosophy, as he has drafted new concepts, more independent from the previous ones.
{"title":"الماهية و الوجود عند الفارابي = Essence and Existence in Al-Farabi's philosophy","authors":"خيرة حميدي بو جلطية","doi":"10.12816/0001396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001396","url":null,"abstract":"Essence and existence are the most important existential and philosophical categories. Al Farabi is among the first philosophers who tried through these categories to participate in the existential and philosophical construction. In this paper we would like to show the most important philosophical positions towards the issue of essence and existence and to compare between various ontologies mainly the ones of ‘Al Farabi, Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus’, in order to show the fundamental differences between them and the extent of originality in Al farabi’s point of view. Although Plato confirmed the authenticity of essence, Aristotle confirmed the link between essence and existence, and Plotinus acknowledged the authenticity of essence, it is worth to notice that Al Farabi is the first who distinguished between essence and existence as. Moreover, we intend to determine the specific relationship that combines essence and Existence in Al-Farabi's philosophy, mainly because this relationship has an impact on several areas of thought such as metaphysics and theory of knowledge. Finally, we will show, on the one hand, the most important consequences of this relationship, beginning by the important critics that have affected Al Farabi’s philosophy and tried to highlight his most important contradictions, or negative results. On the other hand, we will highlight the most important positive results that have significant impact on great philosophies, even on contemporary philosophical thought, and to investigate the most important ideas through which Al Farabi would have changed the course of philosophical thought. To conclude we can state that Al farabi represents the most prominent appearance of the issue of Essence and Existence in the history of Islamic philosophy, as he has drafted new concepts, more independent from the previous ones.","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126574460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
الفضيل رتيمي الفضيل رتيمي, أسماء رتيمي أسماء رتيمي
The organisation represents a sociological observational field. Any theory needs to manifest and improve the extension and the constitution of its observational field. The extent of the maturity of the intellectual and theoretical patterns is necessary to understand and explain the observational reality, considering that the organisation is a social system. The latter, aims at fulfilling political, economical and social objectives. This organisational role stresses the importance of developing organisational behaviour to its members in a direct way throughout the analysis of individual accession and their integration within its culture and the rules that are chosen to their membership.
{"title":"عقلنة المنظمة و نظريات التنظيم = Rationalizing the Organization and Regulation Theories","authors":"الفضيل رتيمي الفضيل رتيمي, أسماء رتيمي أسماء رتيمي","doi":"10.12816/0001398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001398","url":null,"abstract":"The organisation represents a sociological observational field. Any theory needs to manifest and improve the extension and the constitution of its observational field. The extent of the maturity of the intellectual and theoretical patterns is necessary to understand and explain the observational reality, considering that the organisation is a social system. The latter, aims at fulfilling political, economical and social objectives. This organisational role stresses the importance of developing organisational behaviour to its members in a direct way throughout the analysis of individual accession and their integration within its culture and the rules that are chosen to their membership.","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127839767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of saving has attracted the attention of many economic researchers in the last recent decades due the importance of this economic variable at the domestic level and in terms of its relationship to consumption as well as private and governmental investment. Furthermore, the studies in economic show that economies that characterized by a growth rate savings to Gross Domestic Product realized high economic growth rates. There is a recent trend by strategic plan makers in developing countries to rely mainly on their own resources in developing process to provide and enhance channels and mechanisms to absorb domestic savings, especially family savings. The aim of this paper is to explore the powers that causes variation in savings growth rates in many countries and across times and periods, factors affecting the rates and the roles of economic policies in developing savings. This is one of the topics that brought much attention in these three last decades. The development of family saving in Algeria is very necessary. That’s because this type of savings represents the most important element of the total domestic savings in this country. Therefore, the application of effective economic policies to affect the family saving behavior in Algeria will unavoidably affect other economic variables such as consumption, investment and inflation. In time that Algerian government adopts ambitious economic programs that require huge resources, while the family saving could be one of the most important components of these resources.
{"title":"العوامل المؤثرة على الادخار العائلي في الجزائر = Factors Affecting the Family Savings in Algeria","authors":"محمد أمين بربري","doi":"10.12816/0001381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001381","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of saving has attracted the attention of many economic researchers in the last recent decades due the importance of this economic variable at the domestic level and in terms of its relationship to consumption as well as private and governmental investment. Furthermore, the studies in economic show that economies that characterized by a growth rate savings to Gross Domestic Product realized high economic growth rates. There is a recent trend by strategic plan makers in developing countries to rely mainly on their own resources in developing process to provide and enhance channels and mechanisms to absorb domestic savings, especially family savings. The aim of this paper is to explore the powers that causes variation in savings growth rates in many countries and across times and periods, factors affecting the rates and the roles of economic policies in developing savings. This is one of the topics that brought much attention in these three last decades. The development of family saving in Algeria is very necessary. That’s because this type of savings represents the most important element of the total domestic savings in this country. Therefore, the application of effective economic policies to affect the family saving behavior in Algeria will unavoidably affect other economic variables such as consumption, investment and inflation. In time that Algerian government adopts ambitious economic programs that require huge resources, while the family saving could be one of the most important components of these resources.","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124606725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
عبد الكريم معزيز عبد الكريم معزيز, أحمد فلاح أحمد فلاح
Nowadays, the economics of sport is one of the most important topics in the field of economy and sport. It is interested in the relationship and interdependence between economy and sports and tends to determine the common area between them. Therefore, the two researchers decided to study this domain to highlight the points of intersection between the economy and sport.
{"title":"إقتصاديات الرياضة : تحديد أوجه الإرتباط بين الإقتصاد و الرياضة = Determination of the aspects of connection between the economy and sport","authors":"عبد الكريم معزيز عبد الكريم معزيز, أحمد فلاح أحمد فلاح","doi":"10.12816/0001402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001402","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the economics of sport is one of the most important topics in the field of economy and sport. It is interested in the relationship and interdependence between economy and sports and tends to determine the common area between them. Therefore, the two researchers decided to study this domain to highlight the points of intersection between the economy and sport.","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"88 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128973187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"الأنساق القيمية لدى تلاميذ نهاية المرحلة الثانوية : دراسة ميدانية = Systems of Values among Students Terminal : Practical Study","authors":"سعدية سي محمد","doi":"10.12816/0001400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115811231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"أثر غياب الطلبة على التحصيل العلمي في الجامعة : دراسة قياسية بقسم العلوم التجارية جامعة عبد الحميد ابن باديس بمستغانم","authors":"الزهرة فلاحي, عائشة بن علي","doi":"10.12816/0001384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121230974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
No researcher in education or teacher can deny the difficulty that learners of French Language face in learning the French orthographic system. This difficulty can be at morphological and etymological level of the word. We study in this research these two aspects (morphology and etymology) and emphasis on the interference between two orthographic systems such as French and English, and we analyze also the problem of phonographic correspondence such as the case of French and Arabic. Studying orthography, we have to talk about visual memory, where we keep the graphic image of words, and about the cognitive overload which can sometimes be too heavy when it deals with a complicated orthographic system like the French language. Some critical remarks and proposals on learning French orthographic system will be addressed before concluding this research.
{"title":"La Maîtrise de L’orthographe Française par les Apprenants du FLE the Mastry of French Spelling by Learners of FFL","authors":"Mohammed Alkhatib","doi":"10.12816/0001391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0001391","url":null,"abstract":"No researcher in education or teacher can deny the difficulty that learners of French Language face in learning the French orthographic system. This difficulty can be at morphological and etymological level of the word. We study in this research these two aspects (morphology and etymology) and emphasis on the interference between two orthographic systems such as French and English, and we analyze also the problem of phonographic correspondence such as the case of French and Arabic. Studying orthography, we have to talk about visual memory, where we keep the graphic image of words, and about the cognitive overload which can sometimes be too heavy when it deals with a complicated orthographic system like the French language. Some critical remarks and proposals on learning French orthographic system will be addressed before concluding this research.","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124060660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إجراء تقييم شامل لسياسة الإنعاش الاقتصادي المطبقة في الجزائر منذ بداية العقد الأول من القرن الحالي عن طريق تحديد مدى نجاحها في تحقيق أهدافها الرئيسية المتمثلة في رفع معدل النمو الاقتصادي وتخفيض مستويات البطالة وذلك بالتطرق للمحاور التالية : - دوافع وظروف تطبيق سياسة الإنعاش الاقتصادي. - مضمون سياسة الإنعاش الاقتصادي وأهدافها. - الآثار المترتبة عن تنفيذ هذه السياسة على النمو الاقتصادي والبطالة. - النتائج والتوصيات. Resume :Selon plusieurs experts et chercheurs economiques, l’Algerie est entrain de suivre une nouvelle politique economique d’inspiration keynesienne que l’on peut appelee « la politique de la relance economique », l’objectif de cette derniere est de stimuler le taux de croissance economique par l’augmentation des depenses publiques , cette politique est mise en œuvre par l’application des trois programmes de developpement economique , L’objectif de Cette etude est d’evaluer cette politique a travers l’analyse des effets sur la croissance economique et le chomage
تهدفهذهالدراسةإلىإجراءتقييمشامللسياسةالإنعاشالاقتصاديالمطبقةفيالجزائرمنذبدايةالعقدالأولمنالقرنالحاليعنطريقتحديدمدىنجاحهافيتحقيقأهدافهاالرئيسيةالمتمثلةفيرفعمعدلالنموالاقتصاديوتخفيضمستوياتالبطالةوذلكبالتطرقللمحاورالتالية:دوافعوظروفتطبيقسياسةالإنعاشالاقتصادي。-مضمونسياسةالإنعاشالاقتصاديوأهدافها。-الآثارالمترتبةعنتنفيذهذهالسياسةعلىالنموالاقتصاديوالبطالة。-النتائجوالتوصيات。简历:Selon plusieurs经济专家et chercheurs体系,l 'Algerie est entrain再次une nouvelle politique经济d 'inspiration keynesienne que l 'on的appelee la politique de la复苏经济,l 'objectif cette derniere est le taux变化的家庭经济的光l 'augmentation des depenses publiques, cette politique est配置单œuvre par l 'application des trois课程发展经济,这篇研究的目的是通过分析经济和经济的影响来评估政治
{"title":"دراسة تقييمه لسياسة الإنعاش الإقتصادي المطبقة في الجزائر في الفترة 2000 - 2010","authors":"نبيل بوفليح نبيل بوفليح","doi":"10.12816/0000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0000172","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إجراء تقييم شامل لسياسة الإنعاش الاقتصادي المطبقة في الجزائر منذ بداية العقد الأول من القرن الحالي عن طريق تحديد مدى نجاحها في تحقيق أهدافها الرئيسية المتمثلة في رفع معدل النمو الاقتصادي وتخفيض مستويات البطالة وذلك بالتطرق للمحاور التالية : - دوافع وظروف تطبيق سياسة الإنعاش الاقتصادي. - مضمون سياسة الإنعاش الاقتصادي وأهدافها. - الآثار المترتبة عن تنفيذ هذه السياسة على النمو الاقتصادي والبطالة. - النتائج والتوصيات. Resume :Selon plusieurs experts et chercheurs economiques, l’Algerie est entrain de suivre une nouvelle politique economique d’inspiration keynesienne que l’on peut appelee « la politique de la relance economique », l’objectif de cette derniere est de stimuler le taux de croissance economique par l’augmentation des depenses publiques , cette politique est mise en œuvre par l’application des trois programmes de developpement economique , L’objectif de Cette etude est d’evaluer cette politique a travers l’analyse des effets sur la croissance economique et le chomage","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121984253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Study examines the distinctive features in Arabic orthography according to historical linguistics. Thus, the researcher studies these features regardless their function of distinctiveness or any other functions which were developed later to be distinctive. Linguistically, the study concludes that orthography is like language in terms of insisting on the principle of distinctiveness. Therefore, distinctiveness is not exclusive to language; but it is also applicable to its writing system. Some of the most evident distinctive features in this study are: form, dotting, and placement features.
{"title":"العلامات التمييزية في المكتوبات العربية : رؤية لسانية تاريخية = Distinctive Features in Arabic Orthography : A Historical Linguistic Perspective","authors":"محمد أحمد أبو عيد","doi":"10.12816/0034129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0034129","url":null,"abstract":"This Study examines the distinctive features in Arabic orthography according to historical linguistics. Thus, the researcher studies these features regardless their function of distinctiveness or any other functions which were developed later to be distinctive. Linguistically, the study concludes that orthography is like language in terms of insisting on the principle of distinctiveness. Therefore, distinctiveness is not exclusive to language; but it is also applicable to its writing system. Some of the most evident distinctive features in this study are: form, dotting, and placement features.","PeriodicalId":364826,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116691643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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