Yupa Chanwikrai, Jukkrit Wungrath, Sunard Techangam, C. Pachotikarn, Shigeru Yamamoto
Background: Inadequate dietary intake and malnutrition are commonly found in older adults. They tend to have early satiety that limits intake from main meals. Some reports indicated that small frequent meals may promote higher intake. From that point of view, snacks may be useful. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of frequent snacks on energy intakes and nutritional status in older adults at risk of malnutrition. Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted among older adults at risk of malnutrition in a suburban community from November 2020 to March 2021 in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Two villages were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=17) or an intervention group (n=17), and they were matched pairs by age and gender. An intervention snack consisted of 2 desserts and a box of milk (total 548 kcal) was used. For the first 3 weeks, an intervention snack was provided every day although it was too heavy for some participants. Therefore, after that, the intervention snack was provided every other day for 4 weeks. A nutrition survey by the 24-hour recall method for 3 days, body weight, mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and grip strength were assessed at weeks 3 and 7 as baseline. Results: Thirty-one participants completed the study (91%). The average age was 71.8±4.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 19.0±2.1 kg/m2 . In the intervention snack group, there was an increased daily energy intake by 316 kcal and 214 kcal at weeks 3 and 7, respectively, (P<0.001, effect size: 0.884), with a body weight of 0.8 kg (P<0.001, effect size: 0.314), BMI of 2% (P=0.009, effect size: 0.314), and MAC of 4% (P<0.001, effect size: 0.265) compared with baseline, but such energy intake was not observed in the control group. Conclusion: Providing frequent snacks was an effective way to improve energy intake and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition.
背景:饮食摄入不足和营养不良在老年人中很常见。他们倾向于过早饱腹，这限制了主餐的摄入量。一些报告表明，少食多餐可能会促进高摄入量。从这个角度来看，零食可能是有用的。因此，本研究旨在确定经常吃零食对有营养不良风险的老年人能量摄入和营养状况的影响。方法:从2020年11月至2021年3月，在泰国清迈郊区社区对有营养不良风险的老年人进行了一项随机对照研究。两个村庄随机分为对照组(n=17)和干预组(n=17)，按年龄和性别配对。干预零食包括两种甜点和一盒牛奶(总共548千卡)。在前三周，每天提供干预零食，尽管对一些参与者来说太重了。因此，在此之后，每隔一天提供干预零食，持续4周。采用24小时回忆法进行为期3天的营养调查，在第3周和第7周以体重、中臂围(MAC)、三头肌皮褶(TSF)和握力为基准进行评估。结果:31名参与者完成了研究(91%)。平均年龄71.8±4.8岁，体重指数(BMI) 19.0±2.1 kg/m2。在干预零食组中，在第3周和第7周，每日能量摄入分别增加了316 kcal和214 kcal (P<0.001，效应量:0.884)，体重为0.8 kg (P<0.001，效应量:0.314)，BMI为2% (P=0.009，效应量:0.314)，MAC为4% (P<0.001，效应量:0.265)，与基线相比，对照组中没有观察到这样的能量摄入。结论:经常提供零食是改善社区生活老年人营养不良风险人群能量摄入和营养状况的有效途径。
{"title":"Frequent Snacks Improved Energy Intake and Nutritional Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Malnutrition, Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"Yupa Chanwikrai, Jukkrit Wungrath, Sunard Techangam, C. Pachotikarn, Shigeru Yamamoto","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inadequate dietary intake and malnutrition are commonly found in older adults. They tend to have early satiety that limits intake from main meals. Some reports indicated that small frequent meals may promote higher intake. From that point of view, snacks may be useful. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of frequent snacks on energy intakes and nutritional status in older adults at risk of malnutrition. Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted among older adults at risk of malnutrition in a suburban community from November 2020 to March 2021 in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Two villages were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=17) or an intervention group (n=17), and they were matched pairs by age and gender. An intervention snack consisted of 2 desserts and a box of milk (total 548 kcal) was used. For the first 3 weeks, an intervention snack was provided every day although it was too heavy for some participants. Therefore, after that, the intervention snack was provided every other day for 4 weeks. A nutrition survey by the 24-hour recall method for 3 days, body weight, mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and grip strength were assessed at weeks 3 and 7 as baseline. Results: Thirty-one participants completed the study (91%). The average age was 71.8±4.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 19.0±2.1 kg/m2 . In the intervention snack group, there was an increased daily energy intake by 316 kcal and 214 kcal at weeks 3 and 7, respectively, (P<0.001, effect size: 0.884), with a body weight of 0.8 kg (P<0.001, effect size: 0.314), BMI of 2% (P=0.009, effect size: 0.314), and MAC of 4% (P<0.001, effect size: 0.265) compared with baseline, but such energy intake was not observed in the control group. Conclusion: Providing frequent snacks was an effective way to improve energy intake and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Changizi, L. Ghahremani, Nilofar Ahmadloo, M. Kaveh
Background: Patient health engagement (PHE) is a dynamic and evolutionary process that involves improving health; however, little information is available on the PHE model. This study aimed to investigate health engagement and its relationship with social support, self-efficacy, and the quality of life in women with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 breast cancer patients who were referred to a specialized medical clinic and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the EORTC QLQ-br23 questionnaire, Communication and Attitudinal Self-efficacy Scale for Cancer (19-item), Perceived Social Support Scale, NCCN Distress Thermometer, and PHE Scale. The statistical methods used in this study were linear regression, ANOVA, CATREG (Categorical regression with optimal scaling using alternating least squares), and descriptive statistics. Results: The most commonly reported problem was tingling in hands and/or feet (43.3%). The median PHE score was 2. Additionally, 29.45% and 16.27% of the patients reported moderate and severe distress, respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that the PHE scale could predict social support, self-efficacy, quality of life and all of its dimensions (P<0.001). However, it is the strongest predictor of understanding and participating in care (P<0.001, r=0.485). Conclusion: Given that the model can predict factors effective in improving cancer and interventions based on this model have not been performed in Iran, it is recommended that health interventions based on this model should be designed and implemented.
{"title":"Patient Health Engagement Model as the Predictor of Social Support, Self-efficacy, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"M. Changizi, L. Ghahremani, Nilofar Ahmadloo, M. Kaveh","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient health engagement (PHE) is a dynamic and evolutionary process that involves improving health; however, little information is available on the PHE model. This study aimed to investigate health engagement and its relationship with social support, self-efficacy, and the quality of life in women with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 breast cancer patients who were referred to a specialized medical clinic and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the EORTC QLQ-br23 questionnaire, Communication and Attitudinal Self-efficacy Scale for Cancer (19-item), Perceived Social Support Scale, NCCN Distress Thermometer, and PHE Scale. The statistical methods used in this study were linear regression, ANOVA, CATREG (Categorical regression with optimal scaling using alternating least squares), and descriptive statistics. Results: The most commonly reported problem was tingling in hands and/or feet (43.3%). The median PHE score was 2. Additionally, 29.45% and 16.27% of the patients reported moderate and severe distress, respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that the PHE scale could predict social support, self-efficacy, quality of life and all of its dimensions (P<0.001). However, it is the strongest predictor of understanding and participating in care (P<0.001, r=0.485). Conclusion: Given that the model can predict factors effective in improving cancer and interventions based on this model have not been performed in Iran, it is recommended that health interventions based on this model should be designed and implemented.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic spans all aspects of life. This study aimed to investigate the mental health situation of Jordanian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study on 1000 university students from April to May 2020. A web-based survey that investigates students' psychological distress and anxiety was conducted. Google Form was used to create the survey, and it was published using Facebook and WhatsApp applications over university students' groups. SPSS 19 software was used for analysis. Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) were used to examine the significant associations between psychological distress and anxiety;an ordinal regression analysis was also performed. Findings: Of the 1000 students who filled the questionnaire, 39.3% were male, and 60.7% were female. The Mean..SD age of the student was 22..3.8 years old. 42.1% suffer from distress, and 72.6% suffer from anxiety. Furthermore, male gender and family income stability were protective factors against psychological distress and anxiety. Regions (Irbid, Balqa, Jerash, Ajloun, Alzarqa, Tafila, Amman, Aqaba, Karak, Maan) were considered as a risk factor.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Mental Health: A Case Study of Jordanian Universities","authors":"M. Nuser, W. Alrashdan, Q. Banibaker","doi":"10.52547/jech.8.4.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jech.8.4.229","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic spans all aspects of life. This study aimed to investigate the mental health situation of Jordanian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study on 1000 university students from April to May 2020. A web-based survey that investigates students' psychological distress and anxiety was conducted. Google Form was used to create the survey, and it was published using Facebook and WhatsApp applications over university students' groups. SPSS 19 software was used for analysis. Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) were used to examine the significant associations between psychological distress and anxiety;an ordinal regression analysis was also performed. Findings: Of the 1000 students who filled the questionnaire, 39.3% were male, and 60.7% were female. The Mean..SD age of the student was 22..3.8 years old. 42.1% suffer from distress, and 72.6% suffer from anxiety. Furthermore, male gender and family income stability were protective factors against psychological distress and anxiety. Regions (Irbid, Balqa, Jerash, Ajloun, Alzarqa, Tafila, Amman, Aqaba, Karak, Maan) were considered as a risk factor.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44151550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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