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Comparing first and second language reading: the use of metacognitive strategies among Norwegian students 比较第一语言和第二语言阅读:挪威学生元认知策略的使用
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-05 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.5579
Nicole Louise Busby
Metacognitive awareness is one of the key predictors of successful reading, in particular for second language and academic reading. This article presents a study that investigated Norwegian university students’ metacognitive awareness when reading academic texts in Norwegian (L1) and English (L2). 316 students answered a questionnaire which included a 30-item survey of reading strategies and self-ratings of reading proficiency in both languages. The analysis reveals a surprisingly similar awareness of reading strategies in L1 and L2. The main differences found were in the use of two specific reading strategies: reading more slowly and using resources such as dictionaries. Despite overall similarities in the approach to L1 and L2 reading, participants rated their own proficiency as much higher in L1 reading than L2. Regression models show significant associations between self-ratings of proficiency and the number and type of reading strategies reported, particularly in the L2, demonstrating that there is an important connection between these. Research on other populations has shown a much higher use of reading strategies in L2. However, the similarity in approaches to L1 and L2 reading among the university students in this study may reflect a higher level of L2 proficiency among these students, as well as high expectations of proficiency, meaning they do not feel a need to use reading strategies for decoding L2 text. Instead, these students may benefit from additional training in the use of higher level reading strategies to improve their comprehension of L2 academic texts.Keywords: metacognitive awareness, academic reading, L2 reading, English as a second language, reading strategiesSammenligning av første- og andrespråkslesing: bruk av metakognitive strategier blant norske universitetsstudenterSammendragMetakognitiv bevissthet er avgjørende for gode leseferdigheter, spesielt når det gjelder leseferdigheter i andrespråk og akademisk lesing. Denne artikkelen presenterer sentrale funn fra en studie som undersøkte norske universitetsstudenters metakognitive bevissthet ved lesing av akademiske tekster på norsk (L1) og engelsk (L2). 316 studenter ble bedt om å fylle ut et spørre-skjema med 30 spørsmål om lesestrategier, samt å vurdere egne leseferdigheter i begge språk. Deltakerne viser en overraskende lik bevissthet omkring bruken av lesestrategier i L1 og L2. De største forskjellene som ble funnet, angår bruken av to spesifikke lesestrategier: det å lese sakte og det å bruke ressurser som ordbøker. Til tross for generelle likheter i studentenes tilnærming til lesing i L1 og L2, vurderer deltakerne sine egne leseferdigheter som mye bedre i L1 enn i L2. Regresjonsmodeller viser signifikante sammenhenger mellom egenvurderingen av leseferdigheter og antall og type rapporterte lesestrategier, særlig i L2, noe som viser at det er en viktig relasjon mellom disse. Forskning på andre populasjoner har vist en mye høyere bruk av lesestrategier i L2. Likheten i
元认知意识是成功阅读的关键预测因素之一,尤其是在第二语言和学术阅读中。本文调查了挪威大学生在阅读挪威语(L1)和英语(L2)学术文本时的元认知意识。316名学生回答了一份问卷,其中包括一项关于阅读策略的30项调查和对两种语言阅读能力的自我评分。该分析揭示了L1和L2在阅读策略方面惊人的相似意识。发现的主要差异在于使用两种特定的阅读策略:慢读和使用字典等资源。尽管一级和二级阅读的方法总体上相似,但参与者对自己一级阅读的熟练程度的评价远高于二级阅读。回归模型显示,熟练程度的自我定量与所报告的阅读策略的数量和类型之间存在显著关联,尤其是在二语中,这表明这些之间存在重要联系。对其他人群的研究表明,二语阅读策略的使用率要高得多。然而,本研究中大学生在一级和二级阅读方法上的相似性可能反映出这些学生的二级语言熟练程度更高,以及对熟练程度的高期望,这意味着他们觉得没有必要使用阅读策略来解码二级文本。相反,这些学生可能会从使用更高水平阅读策略的额外培训中受益,以提高他们对二语学术文本的理解。关键词:元认知意识,学术阅读,二语阅读,英语作为第二语言,阅读策略第一反应阅读和第二反应阅读的比较:挪威大学生元认知策略的使用摘要元认知意识对良好的阅读技能至关重要,尤其是在第二语言阅读和学术阅读方面。本文通过阅读挪威语(L1)和英语(L2)的学术文本,介绍了一项调查挪威大学生元认知意识的研究的核心发现。316名学生被要求填写一份包含30个关于阅读率问题的问卷,并评估他们自己的两种语言阅读情况。参与者对L1和L2中lese比率的使用表现出了令人惊讶的意识核心。发现的最大区别是使用两种特定的阅读方式:慢速阅读和将资源用作单词。尽管与L1和L2进行了一般比较,但参与者认为他们自己在L1中的读数比在L2中的要好得多。回归模块揭示了女同性恋尊严的自我评估与报告的女同性恋者数量和类型之间的显著关系,特别是在L2中,这表明这些之间存在重要关系。对其他人群的研究表明,在L2中,lese的使用率要高得多。在这项研究中,对大学生的一级和二级阅读的比较可能表明,这些学生的二级语言准备程度更高,期望技能也更高,这意味着他们觉得没有必要使用lese比率来编码二级文本。相反,这些学生可能会从使用更高水平的lese率来提高对二语学术文本的理解的培训中受益。关键词:元认知意识、学术损伤、第二反应阅读、英语为第二语言、女同性恋率
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引用次数: 6
Arbeid med argumenterende tekst på 3. trinn. En delstudie fra prosjektet Innføring av sjangerpedagogikk i tre trondheimsskoler 处理3的争论文本。步“挑战日企业”项目的一项部分研究对三所毒品高中进行了调查。
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-05 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.4726
Ann Sylvi Larsen, Marit O. Brujordet, Ingunn Ofte, Anne Charlotte Torvatn
Temaet for denne artikkelen er skriveopplæring i grunnskolens barnetrinn. Artikkelen studerer en skriveprosess over to uker i sjangeren argumenterende tekst i en tredjeklasse hvor læreren kurses i den australske sjanger pedagogikken. Klassen har en stor andel av minoritetsspråklige elever og elever fra områder med sosioøkonomiske utfordringer. Intensjonen har vært å studere hvordan sjangerpedagogikkens skriveundervisning i fire faser gir unge elever et redskap for å skrive argumenterende tekster, og om sjangerskolens pedagogikk fører til utjevning mellom sterke og svake elever. Datamaterialet vårt er observasjoner av undervisning, lærerens modelltekst, klassens fellestekst, individuelle tekster, samt semistrukturert intervju med lærer.  Fire elevtekster fra høytpresterende og lavtpresterende elever blir analysert. Analysen viser at elevene får godt utbytte av den systematiske undervisningen som sjangerpedagogikken tilbyr, og at det blir mindre forskjeller mellom elever som karakteriseres som høyt- eller lavtpresterende. Funnet samsvarer med andre internasjonale studier. Et interessant funn i denne studien er at selv om elevene bruker skriverammer og modelltekster, er hovedvekten av tekstene originale og selvstendige.Nøkkelord: sjangerpedagogikk, eksplisitt skriveundervisning, den australske sjangerskolen, Sydneyskolen, minoritetspedagogikk, argumenterende tekst, skriverammer, modellteksterWorking with argumentative texts in 3rd grade. A partial study from the project Introducing genre pedagogy in three schools in TrondheimAbstractThe topic of this article is writing development among primary school pupils through the use of the genre pedagogy approach developed by the Sydney School, Australia. The study presented here followed a third-grade class over two weeks, in which the class worked with the genre argumentative text. The teacher also received training in the use of genre pedagogy in writing instruction. Many of the pupils are of minority background, and many are from areas with socio-economic challenges. The purpose of the study was twofold: First of all, it intended to investigate how the four stages of genre pedagogy writing instruction provide pupils with a tool for writing argumentative texts, and secondly, whether using genre pedagogy contributes to minimizing the gap in writing competence between strong and weak pupils. Our data material comprise class observation notes, the teacher’s model text, the target text and the students’ individual texts, as well as semi-structured interviews with the teacher. Four texts written by high-performing and low-performing pupils are analyzed. The analysis reveals that the pupils benefit from the systematic writing instruction that the genre pedagogy approach provides, and that the gap in writing competence between high-performing and low-performing pupils becomes smaller. These findings reflect other international studies in the field. One interesting finding in this study is that even if the pupils
本文的主题是小学时期的写作训练。这篇文章研究了三年级教师在奥地利机会教育学课程中两周多的机会辩论文本的写作过程。该班有很大一部分少数民族语言学生和来自社会经济挑战地区的学生。Intensity一直在研究教会日分四个阶段进行的写作训练如何为年轻学生提供写议论文的工具,以及学校的教学法是否有可能区分强弱学生。我们的数据材料是对教学的观察、教师模式、课堂一致性、个人文本以及对教师的半结构化访谈。¶正在分析四名声望高和声望低的学生。分析表明,gog提供的机会时间提供的系统教学能很好地交换学生,并且具有高声望或低声望的学生之间的差异较小。发现与其他国际研究一致。本研究中一个有趣的发现是,即使学生使用脚本和模型文本,原始文本和独立文本的主要权重也是如此。关键词:挑战日、明确处方教育、澳大利亚挑战学校、悉尼学校、少数民族语法、议论文、脚本、三年级议论文示范文本。“在特隆德海姆的三所学校引入类型教育法”项目的部分研究摘要本文的主题是通过使用澳大利亚悉尼学校开发的类型教育法在小学生中进行写作。这项研究是在三年级的一节课上进行的,为期两周。在这节课上,学生们学习了类型议论文。该教师还接受了在写作教学中使用体裁教学法的培训。许多学生是少数民族背景,许多学生来自社会经济面临挑战的地区。本研究的目的有两个:首先,它旨在调查体裁教育法写作教学的四个阶段如何为学生提供写议论文的工具;其次,使用体裁教育法是否有助于最大限度地缩小强弱学生之间的写作能力差距。我们的数据材料包括课堂观察笔记、教师的示范文本、目标文本和学生的个人文本,以及对教师的半结构化访谈。本文分析了表现优秀和表现不佳学生的四篇作文。分析表明,类型教学法提供的系统写作教学使学生受益,表现优秀和表现不佳的学生之间的写作能力差距缩小。这些发现反映了该领域的其他国际研究。在这项研究中,一个有趣的发现是,即使学生使用写作框架和示范文本,他们的大多数文本也揭示了学生作者的真实性和独立性。关键词:体裁教育学,显性写作教学,澳大利亚体裁教育学学派,悉尼学派,多元文化教育学,议论文,写作框架,目标文本
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引用次数: 1
Promoting metalinguistic awareness in a classroom to improve reading comprehension: Examples from Roald Dahl’s novel The BFG 在课堂上提高元语言意识以提高阅读理解:以罗尔德·达尔的小说《好心眼巨人》为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-04 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.5605
Beck Sinar
It is widely recognised that successful reading involves the interaction of a number of different cognitive skills and strategies in order to achieve compre-hension of the text (Baker, 2002). These skills and strategies are generally considered to be controlled by a global process called ‘metacognition’ (Kuhn & Dean, 2004). In this paper, I suggest that a large part of metacognition when reading has a (meta)linguistic component and hence time should be devoted to raising (meta)linguistic awareness when teaching and honing reading skills and strategies. Tasks based around a short extract from Roald Dahl’s (1982[2013]) novel The BFG are presented and discussed in order to illustrate how metalinguistic awareness might be raised in a classroom. Such tasks not only help to improve reading comprehension but have a number of additional benefits: they enhance and support the metacognitive toolkit, improve vocabulary acquisition and growth, and can bring a love of language and the fun of language play into the classroom.Keywords: metalinguistic awareness, reading comprehension, vocabulary, classroom activities, Roald DahlÅ fremme metalingvistisk bevissthet i et klasserom for å forbedre leseforståelse: eksempler fra Roald Dahls roman The BFGSammendragDet er bred enighet om at vellykket lesing trekker veksler på flere forskjellige kognitive ferdigheter og strategier tilknyttet tekstforståelse (Baker, 2002). Disse ferdighetene og strategiene hører inn under den globale prosessen ‘metakog-nisjon’ (Kuhn & Dean, 2004). I denne artikkelen argumenterer jeg for at en stor del av metakognisjonen i lesing har en (meta)lingvistisk komponent, og følgelig at tid bør vies til å utvikle (meta)lingvistisk bevissthet i undervisningen av leseferdigheter og strategier. Arbeidsoppaver basert på et kort utdrag fra Roald Dahls (1982[2013]) The BFG (The Big Friendly Giant / SVK – Store Vennlige Kjempe) presenteres og diskuteres for å illustrere hvordan metalingvistisk bevissthet kan utvikles i klasserommet. Slike arbeidsoppgaver hjelper ikke bare med å forbedre leseforståelsen, men har også flere andre fordeler: de forsterker og støtter den metakognitive verktøykassen, forbedrer både innlæring og utvidelse av ordforrådet, kan øke språkgleden og oppmuntre til lek med språk i klasserommet.Nøkkelord: metalingvistisk bevissthet, leseforståelse, vokabular, klasseroms-aktiviteter, Roald Dahl
人们普遍认为,成功的阅读涉及到许多不同的认知技能和策略的相互作用,以实现对文本的理解(Baker, 2002)。这些技能和策略通常被认为是由一个被称为“元认知”的全球过程控制的(Kuhn & Dean, 2004)。在本文中,我认为阅读时的元认知有很大一部分具有(元)语言成分,因此在教学和磨练阅读技巧和策略时应该花时间来提高(元)语言意识。本文围绕罗尔德·达尔(Roald Dahl, 1982[2013])的小说《好心眼儿巨人》(The BFG)中的一段短文提出并讨论了一些任务,以说明如何在课堂上提高元语言意识。这样的任务不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力,而且还有许多额外的好处:它们增强和支持元认知工具包,促进词汇的习得和增长,并能把对语言的热爱和语言游戏的乐趣带入课堂。关键词:元语言意识、阅读理解、词汇、课堂活动、Roald DahlÅ freremme metalingvistisk bevisset et klserom for forforforstastelse(贝克,2002)。Disse ferdietenne和strategy ører inn under den globale prosessen ' metakog-nisjon ' (Kuhn & Dean, 2004)。如果将单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置为单个数据集的参数设置。[2013] BFG (The Big Friendly Giant / SVK - Store Vennlige Kjempe)提出了一种新的方法,用于研究金属材料的结构和结构。就像arbeidsoppgaver hjelper ikke bare med - forforbedre - leseforstelsen一样,男性也有svefrere andre - fordeler: de forsterker og stosterter den元认知verktøykassen, forbederer de innlæring og utvidelse of ordforratdet, kan øke spratleden og oppmuntre - lek med spratek i klasserommet。Nøkkelord: metalingvistisk bevissthet, leseforstastelse, vokabular, klassserm - aktivitter, Roald Dahl
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引用次数: 4
“Reading for pleasure, reading for understanding: Reading and metacognition in the English language classroom” 为乐趣而阅读,为理解而阅读:英语课堂中的阅读与元认知
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.6227
J. Ekstam, Karen Patrick Knutsen
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引用次数: 7
An Intertextual Approach to Reading Literary Texts in English in Teacher Education 教师教育中阅读英语文学文本的语篇间研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.5578
A. Larsen
AbstractThis article discusses how an increased focus on intertextuality may contribute to the development of reading skills among ESL/EFL student teachers. When we read literary texts, there is often an element of recognition and intertextuality involved. By working with what the students already know, we may facilitate the development of their aptitude for reading. The rationale for approaching literature in this way is to suggest answers to the underlying question: How can we work with literature in the classroom to make it worthwhile and stimulating for more students to read literary texts? A group of teacher training students of English and their teacher studied excerpts from an example novel, When Jays Fly to Bárbmo, and its intertexts. The data were collected through a single-case study of a teacher/researcher’s observation log and field notes of the teaching scheme and group discussions in class. The students saw how narrative formulas are repeated. For instance, the students identified the Bildungsroman – portraying a young character’s identity quest – as an important genre of children and young adults’ literature. The article argues that the identification of intertextual references will help them and serve as scaffolding in the reading process. An enhanced knowledge of such intertextual traits may facilitate the development of metacognitive strategies for reading. A raised awareness among the students about the phenomenon of intertextuality is important when developing strategies for reading narrative literary texts.Keywords: ESL/EFL in Teacher Training, reading novels, intertextuality, metacognition, When Jays Fly to BárbmoEn intertekstuell tilnærming til lærerstudenters lesing av  engelskspråklig skjønnlitteraturSammendragDenne artikkelen diskuterer hvordan et større fokus på intertekstualitet kan bidra til utviklingen av leseferdigheter hos engelskstudentene i lærerutdanningen. Når vi leser litterære tekster, innebærer det ofte et element av gjenkjennelse og intertekstualitet. Ved å arbeide med det studentene allerede kjenner til, kan vi legge til rette for utvikling av deres leseferdigheter. Begrunnelsen for denne tilnærmingen til litteraturundervisningen er å søke svar på det underliggende spørsmålet: Hvordan arbeide med skjønnlitterære tekster i klasserommet slik at flere engelskstudenter oppfatter lesing som verdifullt og stimulerende. En engelskklasse i lærerutdanningen og læreren deres leste utdrag av en eksempelroman, When Jays Fly to Bárbmo, med vekt på intertekstuelle referanser. Datagrunnlaget for studien består av en enkel casestudie av lærerens/forskerens observasjonslogg, feltnotater fra selve undervisningsøkten og gruppediskusjonene som læreren/forskeren og studentene hadde. Studentene oppdaget hvordan narrative formler gjentas. De identifiserte Bildungsromanen, som omhandler en ung hovedpersons søken etter identitet, som en sentral sjanger i barne- og ungdomslitteraturen. Artikkelen argumenterer for at identifiseringe
摘要本文讨论了对互文性的日益关注如何有助于ESL/EFL学生教师阅读技能的发展。当我们阅读文学文本时,往往会涉及到一种认知和互文性的因素。通过研究学生已经知道的知识,我们可以促进他们阅读能力的发展。以这种方式对待文学的理由是为以下根本问题提供答案:我们如何在课堂上处理文学,让更多的学生阅读文学文本变得有价值和有刺激性?一群受过英语教师培训的学生和他们的老师学习了一本示例小说《当Jays Fly to Bárbmo》的节选及其互文。数据是通过教师/研究人员的观察日志、教学方案的现场笔记和课堂小组讨论的单一案例研究收集的。学生们看到了叙事公式是如何重复的。例如,学生们认为成长小说——描绘了一个年轻角色的身份追求——是儿童和年轻人文学的一个重要流派。文章认为,互文参考文献的识别将有助于互文参考,并在阅读过程中起到支架的作用。增强对互文特征的了解可能有助于阅读元认知策略的发展。在制定叙事文学文本阅读策略时,提高学生对互文性现象的认识是很重要的。关键词:教师培训中的ESL/EFL,阅读小说,互文性,元认知,当Jays Fly to Bárbmo教师阅读英语可理解作文的跨技术方法本文讨论了在英语教育学校中,更多地关注跨技术如何有助于女同性恋技能的发展。当我们阅读文学文本时,它往往涉及到认知和技术间的因素。通过研究学生已经知道的内容,我们可以为他们阅读的发展做准备。对文学中介采取这种方法的原因是为了寻求潜在问题的答案,即如何在课堂上处理智力文本,让一些英国学生认为阅读是有价值和有刺激性的。教育部的一间英语教室和他们的老师阅读了一本示例小说《当Jays Fly to Bárbmo》,其中强调了跨技术参考。研究数据库由教师/科学家观察日志的单一案例研究、教育层面的现场剧场以及教师/科学家和学生的小组讨论组成。学生们发现了叙事形式是如何重复的。他们将比尔当的小说确定为儿童和青少年的一个中心机会,该小说涉及年轻人对身份的主要探索。文章认为,技术间参考文献的识别将有助于他们,并成为女同性恋过程中的一种风格。更多地了解语篇中的跨技术动作可以支持元认知语言的发展。在制定阅读叙事美文本的策略时,学生对跨技术现象有更大的认识是很重要的。关键词:在教学、阅读小说、跨技术、元认知、当Jays飞到Bárbmo时训练英语
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引用次数: 6
Metacognition and Reader Response: the use of reading logs in the envisionment-building classroom 元认知与读者反应:阅读日志在情境建构课堂中的运用
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.5617/adno.6093
J. Ekstam
AbstractMy article discusses the advantages of reading logs in teacher training programmes, and more specifically in connection with teaching literature and the Reader Response theory. This is an effective pedagogical method for enabling pre-service teachers to explore what they can discover in a literary text, and assess how deeply they can read. The study is based on a course in British culture and literature for student teachers at the middle- and secondary-school levels. It was given at a university college in Norway in the autumn term 2016. The students were in their second and third years and had completed a short, introductory course in literary analysis the previous year. I analyse the students’ reading logs from an “envisionment” perspective. Envisionment refers to the picture of the world that one has at a particular point in time and how it affects reading comprehension. Judith Langer argues that there are five reading stances. The students’ reading- log comments have been categorized according to these five levels. This makes it possible to ascertain if, and to what extent, the students’ reading has become deeper. The students themselves can also see how their comments have changed. Such a process promotes metacognitive thinking. In my follow-up research, I shall develop the project by giving the students more time to discuss one another’s reading logs in class, and reflect on how the method could be applied in the school classroom. The increased self-reflection will benefit both the students themselves and their future pupils.Keywords: reading, reading logs, metacognition, Judith Langer, Reader ResponseMetakognition och “Reader Response”: läslogböcker i Judith Langers “envisionment” klassrumSammanfattningMin artikel diskuterar fördelarna med att använda läslogböcker i lärarutbildning, och mer specifikt i samband med litteraturundvisning där “Reader Response” är huvudmetod. Detta är en effektiv pedagogisk metod för att uppmuntra lärarkandidater att fundera på hur de läser, vad de kan se i en litterär text, och hur djupt de kan läsa. Studiet baseras på en kurs i brittisk kultur och litteratur för blivande mellanstadie- och högstadielärare som gavs vid en mindre högskola i Norge höstterminen 2016. Studenterna var andra, respektive tredje årsstudenter och hade genomgått en kort introduktionskurs i litteraturanalys året innan.  Jag analsyerar studenternas läslogböcker utifrån Judith Langers teori om “envisionment”, dvs. den världsbild som man har vid ett specifikt tillfälle och hur denna påverkar läsförståelse. Langer menar att det finns fem möjliga läsnivåer. Läslogböckerna har lästs utifrån dessa fem nivåer. På det sättet kan läraren se om och i så fall i vilken mån studenterna har utvecklat sin läsning samt om denna har blivit djupare. Minst lika viktigt är att studenterna kan se hur djupet på sina kommentarer har ändrats. Detta främjar en metakognitivistik syn på uppgifter. I nästa forskningsprojekt vill jag utveckla metoden för att g
摘要我的文章讨论了阅读日志在教师培训计划中的优势,更具体地说,与文学教学和读者反应理论有关。这是一种有效的教学方法,使职前教师能够探索他们在文学文本中能发现什么,并评估他们的阅读深度。这项研究基于一门针对中学和中学教师的英国文化和文学课程。它于2016年秋季学期在挪威的一所大学学院颁发。这些学生在二年级和三年级,前一年完成了一门简短的文学分析入门课程。我从“志向”的角度来分析学生的阅读日志。远景是指一个人在特定时间点所拥有的世界图景,以及它如何影响阅读理解。朱迪斯·兰格认为有五种阅读立场。学生的阅读日志评论已根据这五个级别进行了分类。这就有可能确定学生的阅读是否以及在多大程度上变得更深。学生们自己也可以看到他们的评论发生了怎样的变化。这样的过程促进了元认知思维。在我的后续研究中,我将通过给学生更多的时间在课堂上讨论彼此的阅读日志来开发该项目,并反思如何在学校课堂上应用该方法。增加自我反思将使学生自己和他们未来的学生都受益。关键词:阅读,阅读日志,元认知,朱迪斯·兰格,读者反应元认知和“读者反应”:朱迪斯·兰格尔“雄心”课堂中的阅读日志摘要我的文章讨论了在教师教育中使用阅读日志的优势,更具体地说,与文献之旅有关,在文献之旅中,“读者响应”是主要方法。这是一种有效的教育方法,可以鼓励教师候选人思考他们是如何阅读的,他们能在文学文本中看到什么,以及他们能读得有多深。这项研究基于2016年秋季在挪威一所较小的大学为未来的中小学教师开设的英国文化和文学课程。这些学生分别是二年级和三年级的学生,并在前一年完成了文学分析的简短入门课程。我根据朱迪斯·兰格的“野心”理论分析了学生的阅读日志,即一个人在特定时间的世界观,以及这如何影响阅读理解。兰格认为有五种可能的阅读水平。读取日志是基于这五个级别读取的。通过这种方式,老师可以看到学生的阅读能力是否以及在多大程度上得到了发展,以及这一点是否变得更深。至少同样重要的是,学生们可以看到他们评论的深度是如何变化的。这促进了对任务的元认知观。在下一个研究项目中,我想开发一种方法,让学生有更多的机会在课堂上阅读和讨论他们的阅读日志,相互批评,并思考如何将该方法应用于学生。这使学生能够提高自我反思的程度,这对学生和他们未来的学生都有好处。关键词:阅读,阅读日志,元认知,Judith Langer,读者反应
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引用次数: 4
Understanding the Psychological Reading Process: Preparing Pre-service ESL Teachers to Become Reading Teachers 理解心理阅读过程:让职前ESL教师成为阅读教师
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.5617/adno.6144
Karen Patrick Knutsen
AbstractThis article addresses the metacognitive skills of pre-service ESL teachers in terms of their future role as reading teachers for intermediate and advanced pupils. Reading is a basic skill in all subjects in the Norwegian National Curriculum and involves engaging in texts, understanding, applying and reflecting on what is read – activities requiring higher level thinking. My research questions are: 1) How can “narrative transportation theory” (Gerrig, 1993) help pre-service ESL teachers understand the psychological reading process? and 2) How can insight into this theory motivate them to become better reading teachers, able to faciliate deep learning through literature? I use Julie Bertagna’s science fiction trilogy (Exodus 2002; Zenith 2007; Aurora 2011) to illustrate how narrative transportation works, highlighting the literary qualities that trigger pleasurable reading through immersion into the storyworld. This choice is based on Sections 1.5 and 2.5.3 in the new “Overarching section – values and principles for mandatory education” (2017) of the national curriculum, which instructs schools to teach pupils about their responsibility in contributing to an ecologically sustainable world order. The trilogy thematizes climate change and can affect behavior and attitudes toward this issue positively; it activates a wide spectrum of emotions, facilitating persuasion. Teachers must, however, remember that reading for pleasure is not enough; they must use metacognitve reading strategies in their teaching of literature to ensure deep learning and reach curricular goals.  Keywords: teenage literature, narrative transportation theory, metacogniton, metacognitive reading strategies, Julie Bertagna’s Exodus Trilogy, ecological sustainability, ESL, teaching readingÅ forstå psykologiske leseprosesser: Lærerstudenten som leselærer i engelskfagetSammendragDenne artikkelen handler om lærerstudenters metakognitive ferdigheter i sammenheng med leseundervisningen i engelskfaget. Lesing er en av de grunnleggende ferdighetene i alle fag i Kunnskapsløftet. Dette innebærer å være engasjert i, forstå, bruke og reflektere over det som leses, samt bruk av lesestrategier – dette krever metakognitiv tenkning. Forskningsspørsmålene er: 1) Hvordan kan “narrativ transport-teori” (Gerrig, 1993) hjelpe lærerstudenter i engelskfaget til å forstå den psykologiske leseprosessen? og 2) Hvordan kan kunnskap om denne teorien motivere dem til å utvikle seg som lærere i lesing, med evnen til å fostre dybdelæring gjennom litteratur? Jeg bruker Julie Bretagnas ungdomstrilogi i sjangeren science-fiction (Exodus 2002; Zenith 2007; Aurora 2011), for å illustrere hvordan narrativ transport fungerer, og belyser litterære kvaliteter som setter det i gang. Valget baseres hovedsakelig på Overordnet del av læreplanen (2017) som omtaler “Respekt for naturen og miljøbevissthet” (1.5) og “Bærekraftig utvikling” (2.5.3), der skolen får i oppdrag å lære elever om ansvaret de har for å skape en
本文探讨了职前ESL教师的元认知技能,以及他们未来作为中高级学生阅读教师的角色。阅读是挪威国家课程中所有科目的基本技能,包括参与文本、理解、应用和反思阅读内容——这些活动需要更高水平的思维。我的研究问题是:1)“叙事运输理论”(Gerrig,1993)如何帮助职前ESL教师理解心理阅读过程?2)对这一理论的深入了解如何激励他们成为更好的阅读老师,能够通过文学促进深度学习?我用Julie Bertagna的科幻三部曲(Exodus 2002;Zenith 2007;Aurora 2011)来说明叙事运输是如何运作的,突出了通过沉浸在故事世界中引发愉快阅读的文学品质。该选项基于国家课程新的“总体部分-义务教育的价值观和原则”(2017年)中的第1.5节和第2.5.3节,该节指示学校向学生传授他们在促进生态可持续的世界秩序方面的责任。三部曲以气候变化为主题,可以积极影响人们对这一问题的行为和态度;它激活了广泛的情绪,促进了说服。然而,老师们必须记住,仅仅为了快乐而阅读是不够的;他们必须在文学教学中使用元认知阅读策略,以确保深入学习并达到课程目标。↑关键词:青少年文学、叙事运输理论、元认知阅读策略、Julie Bertagna《出埃及记三部曲》、生态可持续性、ESL、,教阅读理解心理读者:在英语大学峰会上阅读的老师本文是关于教师在英语学习中的元认知技能。阅读是所有科学誓言中的基本技能之一。这意味着参与、理解、使用和反思所读内容,以及使用lestragics——这需要元认知思维。研究问题是:1)“叙事运输理论”(Gerrig,1993)如何帮助英语学者理解女同性恋的心理过程?以及2)这一理论的知识如何激励他们在阅读方面发展成为教师,并有能力通过文学培养抑郁情绪?我用Julie Bretagna在科幻小说中的青少年形象(Exodus 2002;Zenith 2007;Aurora 2011)来说明叙事运输是如何运作的,以及建立叙事运输的文学质量。该选择主要基于教育计划的监督方(2017年),该计划涉及“尊重自然和环境良知”(1.5)和“谨慎发展”(2.5.3),学校被指派向学生传授他们创造经济发展的责任。三部曲描述了气候变化,并可能影响读者的行为和态度。故事可以引发很多情绪,这些情绪可以强化或改变读者的信念。但老师们必须记住,仅仅把阅读当作娱乐是不够的。他们需要在教学中使用元认知语言,以确保他们的学习和实现教育目标。
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引用次数: 1
Reading in the second language classroom: Consideration of first language approaches in second language contexts 第二语言课堂中的阅读:对第二语言语境中第一语言方法的思考
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.5570
Ion Drew
AbstractThis article reviews research on how three first language (L1) approaches designed to promote reading and other literacy skills have been applied to second language (L2) classrooms in Norway: The Early Years Literacy Programme (EYLP), Reading and Writing Workshops, and Readers Theatre (RT). Key ways that L2 readers differ from L1 readers are initially addressed, high-lighting the needs of L2 readers. Following Grabe (2009), L2 readers would benefit from a balanced approach to developing their reading skills, one that incorporates both implicit and explicit teaching and learning. Implicit learning involves plenty and frequent reading input, for example through extensive reading. Explicit learning involves, for example, the development of learners’ metacognitive and metalinguistic awareness, and an understanding of what it means to be a strategic reader. Benefits and challenges involved in the implementation of the three approaches are addressed. With the exception of RT, no research is known to exist at present on how these approaches have been adapted to L2 contexts outside of Norway. The research in Norway shows that each approach can help English as a foreign language (EFL) learners to develop their reading skills both implicitly and explicitly, as well as their metacognition, but that there are challenges, especially of a practical nature, involved in their implementation. Of the three, RT is arguably the easiest to apply to an L2 context.Keywords: L1/L2 reading approaches, implicit/explicit learning, metacognitionLesing i andrespråksklasser: Overveielser over førstespråkstilnærminger i andrespråkskonteksterSammendragDenne artikkelen går gjennom forskning på hvordan tre tilnærminger til lese- og skriveopplæring i førstespråket er blitt anvendt i andrespråksundervisning i Norge: The Early Years Literacy Programme (EYLP), lese- og skriveverksted, og leseteater. Innledningsvis diskuteres viktige forskjeller mellom førstespråkslesing og andrespråkslesing, med vekt på andrespråksleseres behov. Med utgangspunkt i Grabe (2009), vil andrespråkslesere dra fordel av en balansert tilnærming til å utvikle leseferdigheter, en tilnærming som inkluderer både implisitt og eksplisitt læring. Implisitt læring innebærer mye og hyppig lesing, for eksempel gjennom ekstensiv lesing. Eksplisitt læring innebærer for eksempel utvikling av elevenes metalingvistiske og metakognitive bevissthet og en forståelse av hva det betyr å være en strategisk leser. Fordeler og utfordringer ved å implementere disse tre tilnærmingene blir omtalt. Med unntak av leseteater, kjennes det ikke til forskning på hvordan disse tilnærmingene har blitt tilpasset andrespråkskontekster utenfor Norge. Forskning i Norge viser at hver av de tre tilnærmingene, både implisitt og eksplisitt, kan hjelpe elever til å utvikle sine leseferdigheter og metakognisjon, men at det fins utfordringer, særlig av en praktisk art, når de skal anvendes i andrespråkssammenheng. Av de tre tilnær-mingsmåtene s
摘要二级读者与一级读者不同的主要方式最初得到了解决,充分满足了二级读者的需求。继Grabe(2009)之后,二语读者将受益于一种平衡的方法来发展他们的阅读技能,这种方法包括内隐和外显的教学。内隐学习包括大量和频繁的阅读输入,例如通过广泛的阅读。例如,外显学习涉及到学习者元认知和元语言意识的发展,以及对成为战略读者意味着什么的理解。讨论了实施这三种方法的好处和挑战。除了RT,目前还没有关于这些方法如何适应挪威以外的二语环境的研究。挪威的研究表明,每种方法都可以帮助英语作为外语(EFL)学习者发展他们的隐性和显性阅读技能,以及他们的元认知,但在实施这些方法时也存在挑战,尤其是实践性的挑战。在这三者中,RT可以说是最容易应用于L2上下文的。关键词:二年级的L1/L2阅读方法、内隐/外显学习、元认知研究:二年级第一语言可及性综述本文研究了挪威如何使用三种第一语言读写训练方法:早期扫盲计划(EYLP),阅读和写作讲习班以及阅览室。首先,我们讨论了第一语言阅读和第二语言损伤之间的重要区别,并强调了对第二语言损害的需求。根据Grabe(2009)的研究,第二反应型读者将受益于培养准备能力的平衡方法,这种方法包括隐含性和显性学习。隐词研究包含大量且频繁的阅读,例如通过额外阅读。例如,外显学习涉及学生元语言和元认知意识的发展,以及对成为战略读者意味着什么的理解。实施这三种方法的优势和挑战是全面的。除了病变,在关于如何将这些方法适应挪威以外的第二责任的研究中,没有认识到这一点。挪威的研究表明,这三种方法中的每一种,包括内隐和外显,都可以帮助学生发展他们的准备状态和稳定状态,但在二级环境中使用时也存在挑战,尤其是在实际物种中。在附近的三个混合环节中,女同性恋似乎是最容易使用的。关键词:第一语言阅读、第二语言损伤、内隐/外显学习、元认知
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引用次数: 5
Reading and the Profession: On the Literary Education of English School Teachers 阅读与职业——论英语教师的文学教育
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.5575
Katherina Dodou
AbstractThe article addresses the question of how English departments best can teach literature and literary reading to future upper secondary school teachers of English. It approaches the question in terms of the literary scholar’s contribution to the professional education and practice of school teachers in Sweden. The article combines metacognitive analyses of disciplinary ways of thinking with profession theory to reflect on the literary content knowledge upper secondary school teachers need for their teaching practice. It outlines key differences between the understanding of what reading literature entails in academia and in upper secondary education, respectively, and it points out that current academic practices for teaching literature rely on a narrow understanding of what school teachers need to know about literature and literary reading to exercise their professional judgement concerning literature in the language classroom. Advocating a change in our academic teaching practices, the article proposes that literary debates over reading also be incorporated and that the principles and procedures underpinning professional modes of reading literature be explicitly articulated. This means verbalising underlying theoretical assumptions about the value of literature and of reading it and explicating interpretative conventions and tools, alongside the skills involved in literary reading. Such a teaching practice, the article posits, is not merely key to developing school teachers’ content knowledge regarding literature and reading. It is also a prerequisite for the development of their pedagogical reasoning when it comes to the uses of literature and to the affordances and limitations of literary reading in the school classroom.Keywords: literary reading, teacher education, metacognition, professional practice, disciplinary thinking, content knowledge, upper secondary schoolLäsning och professionen:Om litteraturutbildningen för skollärare i engelskaSammanfattningArtikeln tar sig an frågan om hur akademiska engelskämnen bäst kan undervisa litteratur och litteraturläsning för gymnasielärarstudenter i engelska. Den närmar sig frågan i termer av litteraturvetarens bidrag till gymnasielärares professionsutbildning och -utövande i Sverige. Artikeln kombinerar metakognitiva analyser av ämnesspecifika tankesätt med professionsteori för att resonera kring de ämneskunskaper som framtida gymnasielärare behöver för sin lärargärning. Artikeln belyser viktiga skillnader i förståelsen av vad litteraturläsning innebär inom akademin respektive i gymnasieskolan, och den granskar kritiskt förhärskande akademiska praktiker för litteraturstudier inom ämnet. Den påpekar att rådande praktiker bygger på en snäv syn av de ämneskunskaper gymnasielärare behöver och föreslår ett förnyat fokus på ämneskunskaperna som krävs för att gymnasielärare ska kunna utöva sitt professionella omdöme om den engelskspråkiga litteraturens plats i språkundervisningen. Artikeln förordar at
本文探讨了英语系如何最好地向未来的高中英语教师教授文学和文学阅读的问题。它从文学学者对瑞典学校教师专业教育和实践的贡献来探讨这个问题。本文将学科思维方式的元认知分析与专业理论相结合,反思高中教师在教学实践中所需的文学内容知识。它概述了学术界和高中教育中对阅读文学的理解之间的主要差异,指出当前文学教学的学术实践依赖于对学校教师需要了解的文学知识和文学阅读的狭隘理解,以在语言课堂上行使他们对文学的专业判断。文章主张改变我们的学术教学实践,建议也纳入关于阅读的文学辩论,并明确阐述支撑文学阅读专业模式的原则和程序。这意味着用语言表达关于文学价值和阅读价值的基本理论假设,并解释解释惯例和工具,以及文学阅读所涉及的技能。文章认为,这样的教学实践不仅是培养学校教师文学和阅读内容知识的关键。当涉及到文学的使用以及学校课堂上文学阅读的可供性和局限性时,这也是他们发展教学推理的先决条件。关键词:文学阅读、教师教育、元认知、专业实践、学科思维、内容知识、高中阅读与专业:关于学校英语教师的文学教育摘要本文探讨了学术英语科目如何最好地用英语教授高中教师的文学和文学阅读的问题。它从文学科学家对瑞典高中教师专业教育和实践的贡献来探讨这个问题。本文将特定学科思维的元认知分析与专业理论相结合,对未来高中教师教学所需的学科知识进行推理。这篇文章强调了学术界和高中在理解文学阅读意味着什么方面的重要差异,并考察了该学科文学研究的主流学术实践。它指出,目前的做法是基于对高中教师所需学科知识的狭隘看法,并建议重新关注高中教师所需要的学科知识,以便能够对英语文学在语言教学中的地位进行专业判断。文章建议,学术文献研究还应包括对教育中文学阅读的文学科学讨论,并明确制定构成专业阅读文学方式基础的原则和方法。这意味着阐述理论对文学和文学阅读价值的基本假设,以及在主题领域进行文本解读的原则和工具,以及文学阅读所需的技能。这样的教学实践将有助于为高中教师的学科知识奠定更坚实的基础。这也是师范生在高中英语教育中培养关于文学和文学阅读的可能性和局限性的教学思维的先决条件。关键词:文学阅读、学科教师教育、元认知、职业实践、学科思维、学科知识、高中
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引用次数: 1
The Visual, the Verbal, and the Very Young: A Metacognitive Approach to Picturebooks 视觉、语言和幼儿:绘本的元认知方法
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.5617/ADNO.5642
Björn Sundmark
AbstractThe article draws on recent research into emergent literacy and metacognition, and charts a developmental trajectory from early concept books to picturebooks aimed at children and young teenagers. Methodologically, the study is a research synthesis, where the aim is to systematize current research findings and offer an overview of different types of picturebooks, and how they build literary and metacognitive competence. My thesis is that picturebooks are crucial in that process. The analysis focuses on the metacognitive affordances that can be found in picturebooks directed at different age groups/competence levels. Both the verbal and visual dimensions of the text are analyzed with the help of picturebook and comic book theory (iconotext, sequentiality). The results show that early concept books are surprisingly abstract; they stimulate the child’s aesthetic-affective response by using clear colours and easily discernible shapes. In the next stage, things (nouns) from the child’s close environment are represented. Naming and identifying are crucial activities at this stage. Verb-oriented concept books follow; these typically focus on simple actions from the child’s lifeworld, such as getting dressed, or eating. Next, we find narrative picturebooks, in which the fundamentals of story, plot, and characterization are introduced. Finally, the potential for advanced storytelling is explored with regard to symbolism, irony, and character development.Keywords: picturebooks, early concept books, metacognition, iconotext, narrative picturebooksBilderbokens berättelser: Ett metakognitivt perspektiv på bilderböckerSammanfattningDen här artikeln bygger på nyare forskning om literacyutveckling och metacognition, och kartlägger utvecklingslinjer från tidiga begreppsböcker riktade till spädbarn till bilderböcker som vänder sig till barn och tonåringar. Metodologiskt är arbetet ett forskningssyntes, där målet är att systematisera forskningsrön, erbjuda en ålders- och/eller utvecklingsindelad bilderboksöversikt, samt påvisa hur dessa böcker kan bygga litterär och metakognitiv kompetens. Min tes är att bilderböcker spelar en avgörande roll i den processen. Analysen sätter fokus på de metakognitiva meningserbjudanden som kan återfinnas i olika bilderböcker. Såväl bild och skrift analyseras med hjälp av bilderboks- och serieteori. Resultaten visar att tidiga begreppsböcker är förvånansvärt abstrakta; de syftar främst till at stimulera barnets estetisk-affektiva respons genom användande av klara primärfärger och tydliga kontraster. I nästa skede återges saker och ting (substantiv) från barnets närmiljö. Verb-orienterade bilderböcker följer; dessa visar framför allt aktiviteter som barnet kan känna igen, som att äta, klä sig, eller gå och lägga sig. I nästa steg återfinns berättande bilderböcker. Där hittar vi berättandets grundbegrepp såsom handling, karaktär, konflikt. Till sist, i de mest sofistikerade bilderböckerna hittar vi symbolik, ironi, fördjupad ka
摘要本文通过对新兴读写能力和元认知的研究,描绘了从早期概念书到面向儿童和青少年的绘本的发展轨迹。在方法上,本研究是一项综合研究,其目的是将当前的研究成果系统化,并概述不同类型的绘本,以及它们如何构建文学和元认知能力。我的论点是,绘本在这个过程中至关重要。分析的重点是在针对不同年龄组/能力水平的绘本中发现的元认知启示。通过绘本和漫画理论(iconotext, sequentiality)对文本的语言和视觉维度进行分析。结果表明,早期的概念书是惊人的抽象;他们通过使用清晰的颜色和容易辨认的形状来刺激孩子的审美情感反应。在下一个阶段,来自孩子的亲密环境的事物(名词)被表示出来。命名和识别是这个阶段的关键活动。以动词为导向的概念书遵循;这些通常集中在孩子生活世界的简单动作上,比如穿衣服或吃饭。接下来,我们找到叙事绘本,其中介绍了故事,情节和人物塑造的基本原理。最后,探讨了关于象征主义、反讽和角色发展的高级故事叙述的潜力。关键词:picturebooks、早期概念书籍、元认知、iconotext,叙述picturebooksBilderbokens berattelser: Ett metakognitivt perspektiv pa bilderbockerSammanfattningDen har artikeln bygger pa nyare forskning om literacyutveckling och元认知,och kartlagger utvecklingslinjer弗兰tidiga begreppsbocker riktade直到spadbarn直到bilderbocker som范德直到谷仓och tonaringar团体。metoologiskt är arbetet et forskningssyntes, där matlet är att systematisera forskningsrön, erbjuda en lders- och/eller utvecklingsindelad bilderboksöversikt, samt visa hur dessa böcker kan bygga litterär och mettakogogtiv comppetens。Min: är at bilderböcker spar en avgörande滚压工艺。分析sätter集中于脑膜后认知,并与最终结果分析]bilderböcker。Såväl bild每个草稿分析器和hjälp av手册-每个系列。结果:签证签证签证签证begreppsböcker är förvånansvärt摘要;该系统främst直到刺激barnets的评价-情感反应基因组användande和klara primärfärger或tydliga对照者。我nästa斜面,斜面,臀部,臀部,臀部(实质上),臀部närmiljö。动词导向bilderböcker följer;dessa visar framför allt activitter som barnet kan känna igen, som att äta, klä sig, eller g och lägga sig. I nästa steg terfinns berättande bilderböcker。Där hittar vi berättandets grundbegrepp samatsom handling, karaktär, konfllikt。到目前为止,我已经完成了最复杂的结构,如:bilderböckerna hittar vi symbolik, ironi, fördjupad karaktärsteckning等等。nickelord: bilderböcker, begreppsböcker,元认知,文本,bilderboksnarrativ
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引用次数: 4
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Acta Didactica Norge
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