Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.02540271
This is a settled rule in international commercial arbitration where parties have agreed to resolve their dispute through arbitration, there is inevitably the right and expectation to have any reference to the court to have stayed in favour of arbitration. This rule, however, may not necessarily be the case in a jurisdiction that is less exposed to arbitration practice. Settling disputes through arbitration in Bangladesh is not a new method but this practice had been in place for many years and was previously governed by the Arbitration Act of 1940. After 1971 the same Act continued to be the applicable law in Bangladesh till the Arbitration Act was enacted in 2001. When the Arbitration Act 2001 was enacted many expected a major change in the court’s approach to dealing with a stay of proceedings in favour of Arbitration. Previously, upon the applicant fulfilling certain conditions, the court had the discretion whether to grant stay proceedings. However, under Arbitration Act 2001 granting the stay proceedings are now authorized upon the fulfillment of certain conditions. This paper will discuss the provisions under the Arbitration Act 1940 in relation to staying proceedings followed by examining the efficacy of stay proceeding in the Arbitration Act 2001.
{"title":"Stay of Proceedings in Favour of International Commercial Arbitration in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis between Arbitration Act 1940 and 2001","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.02540271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.02540271","url":null,"abstract":"This is a settled rule in international commercial arbitration where parties have agreed to resolve their dispute through arbitration, there is inevitably the right and expectation to have any reference to the court to have stayed in favour of arbitration. This rule, however, may not necessarily be the case in a jurisdiction that is less exposed to arbitration practice. Settling disputes through arbitration in Bangladesh is not a new method but this practice had been in place for many years and was previously governed by the Arbitration Act of 1940. After 1971 the same Act continued to be the applicable law in Bangladesh till the Arbitration Act was enacted in 2001. When the Arbitration Act 2001 was enacted many expected a major change in the court’s approach to dealing with a stay of proceedings in favour of Arbitration. Previously, upon the applicant fulfilling certain conditions, the court had the discretion whether to grant stay proceedings. However, under Arbitration Act 2001 granting the stay proceedings are now authorized upon the fulfillment of certain conditions. This paper will discuss the provisions under the Arbitration Act 1940 in relation to staying proceedings followed by examining the efficacy of stay proceeding in the Arbitration Act 2001.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117003096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.02330247
Mirza Farzana, I. Chowdhury
‘Right to equality’ is the crucial right of every human being, well-recognized in the international instruments and in the national constitutions of a plethora of countries including Bangladesh. Against that backdrop, Hermaphrodites, popularly known as ‘Hijras’, being born as human as well as being citizens of this country are franchised to the ‘right to equality, as they got sanctioned by the Government of Bangladesh in 2013. Notwithstanding that, it is regrettably perceived that the current status of the right to equality of the Hijra populace is not even close to a decent scenario, especially with regard to education, employment and inheritance; rather they are living a horrendous life in Bangladesh. The policy-makers do not seem to be concerned about their plight. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to traverse into the extent of actualization of the right to equality of this group with regard to education, employment, and inheritance, to discern the impediments in the way of materializing these rights, and to put forward a number of recommendations to ameliorate the scenario in order to place them with the common mass on the basis of proportionate equality regarding these rights. For this research, several research questions have been investigated. With a view to exploring the answers, a qualitative approach has been adopted and secondary data have been accumulated from diverse sources including books, research articles, newspaper articles, published interviews, focused group discussions, questionnaires, internet sources, etc.
{"title":"A Critical Analysis of the Right to Equality of the Hermaphrodites in Bangladesh: Rights Based Approach","authors":"Mirza Farzana, I. Chowdhury","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.02330247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.02330247","url":null,"abstract":"‘Right to equality’ is the crucial right of every human being, well-recognized in the international instruments and in the national constitutions of a plethora of countries including Bangladesh. Against that backdrop, Hermaphrodites, popularly known as ‘Hijras’, being born as human as well as being citizens of this country are franchised to the ‘right to equality, as they got sanctioned by the Government of Bangladesh in 2013. Notwithstanding that, it is regrettably perceived that the current status of the right to equality of the Hijra populace is not even close to a decent scenario, especially with regard to education, employment and inheritance; rather they are living a horrendous life in Bangladesh. The policy-makers do not seem to be concerned about their plight. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to traverse into the extent of actualization of the right to equality of this group with regard to education, employment, and inheritance, to discern the impediments in the way of materializing these rights, and to put forward a number of recommendations to ameliorate the scenario in order to place them with the common mass on the basis of proportionate equality regarding these rights. For this research, several research questions have been investigated. With a view to exploring the answers, a qualitative approach has been adopted and secondary data have been accumulated from diverse sources including books, research articles, newspaper articles, published interviews, focused group discussions, questionnaires, internet sources, etc.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124758678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.02230232
Sumon Matubbar, Md. Arifuzzaman
Bangladesh is a very densely populated country in southern Asia. It is a small country but its population is about 160 million. But half of the population of Bangladesh is under the age of 18 and is considered children. Twenty million of them are under the age of 5 and about 73% of the child lives in village/ rural areas and 27% in urban areas. However, one-third of these children spend their life below the international poverty line. The violation of the human rights of a child is a common affair in Bangladesh. The children have basic rights to education, health and nutrition, a balanced diet, protection, safe water, participation, recreation, sanitation, and hygiene. Many of the children of Bangladesh are deprived of these basic rights. The government of Bangladesh with UNICEF has taken many steps for schooling of the children and decreasing child labor and abuses. This paper scrutinized the scenario of child rights in Bangladesh from a legal perspective to create a child-friendly environment. This paper also reviewed the existing relating to the human rights of children. There are different statistics between 2001 to 2021 in Bangladesh. This paper provides recommendations on how to protect the rights of children in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Human Rights Violation of the Child and the Legal Protection in Bangladesh","authors":"Sumon Matubbar, Md. Arifuzzaman","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.02230232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.02230232","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a very densely populated country in southern Asia. It is a small country but its population is about 160 million. But half of the population of Bangladesh is under the age of 18 and is considered children. Twenty million of them are under the age of 5 and about 73% of the child lives in village/ rural areas and 27% in urban areas. However, one-third of these children spend their life below the international poverty line. The violation of the human rights of a child is a common affair in Bangladesh. The children have basic rights to education, health and nutrition, a balanced diet, protection, safe water, participation, recreation, sanitation, and hygiene. Many of the children of Bangladesh are deprived of these basic rights. The government of Bangladesh with UNICEF has taken many steps for schooling of the children and decreasing child labor and abuses. This paper scrutinized the scenario of child rights in Bangladesh from a legal perspective to create a child-friendly environment. This paper also reviewed the existing relating to the human rights of children. There are different statistics between 2001 to 2021 in Bangladesh. This paper provides recommendations on how to protect the rights of children in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"53 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113977136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.02090216
Child labor is one of the alarming and concerning issues throughout the world. The child labor issue is a major challenge for developing countries like Bangladesh the country has been facing poverty, high population growth, rising unemployment, and so on. The objective of this paper is to find out the vulnerabilities of child laborers in Bangladesh in terms of their victimization at the workplace as well as their involvement in anti-social activities. The data have been collected from child workers aged between 10-18 years working in various workplaces in Tangail town, Bangladesh. This study shows that most of the respondents have been involved in child labor due to poverty (95%). About 68.3% of respondents are aged between 15-18 years and 91.7% of them have joined in child labor at the age of 10-14 years. In terms of education, about 83.3% of respondents left school at the primary level. Most of the respondents (75%) have experienced different types of torture and exploitation in the workplace while 60% experienced mental torture. The study finds that 93% of respondents have been involved in delinquent activities and 61.7% of them have informed that they have learned about drug abuse from their peer groups. The child laborers are mostly very poor and get fewer opportunities and support from the government and even from their own families. Their family status is too low to stop them from working as they are one of the important earning members in their family. Therefore, a well-organized plan should be taken where the government and society will play the prime roles to ensure a child-friendly working atmosphere, and fair salary, reduce exploitation and provide other types of opportunities to enrich their educational, social, familial, and professional condition.
{"title":"Victims of Child Labor and Delinquency: An Empirical Study in Tangail City","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.02090216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.02090216","url":null,"abstract":"Child labor is one of the alarming and concerning issues throughout the world. The child labor issue is a major challenge for developing countries like Bangladesh the country has been facing poverty, high population growth, rising unemployment, and so on. The objective of this paper is to find out the vulnerabilities of child laborers in Bangladesh in terms of their victimization at the workplace as well as their involvement in anti-social activities. The data have been collected from child workers aged between 10-18 years working in various workplaces in Tangail town, Bangladesh. This study shows that most of the respondents have been involved in child labor due to poverty (95%). About 68.3% of respondents are aged between 15-18 years and 91.7% of them have joined in child labor at the age of 10-14 years. In terms of education, about 83.3% of respondents left school at the primary level. Most of the respondents (75%) have experienced different types of torture and exploitation in the workplace while 60% experienced mental torture. The study finds that 93% of respondents have been involved in delinquent activities and 61.7% of them have informed that they have learned about drug abuse from their peer groups. The child laborers are mostly very poor and get fewer opportunities and support from the government and even from their own families. Their family status is too low to stop them from working as they are one of the important earning members in their family. Therefore, a well-organized plan should be taken where the government and society will play the prime roles to ensure a child-friendly working atmosphere, and fair salary, reduce exploitation and provide other types of opportunities to enrich their educational, social, familial, and professional condition.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127956162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01990208
The accelerating economic growth has assisted rapid urban development and expansion of construction sites into the landslide-vulnerable zones in Malaysia. Thus landslide susceptibility mapping has now become an important part of project designing work for landslide zone areas. There are several models that are used for susceptibility mapping, especially in the peninsular region. Every model has its own set of selected computing variables and characteristics to generate a map. To date, there is no single method applicable to assess and predict all landslides, as there are variations of geomorphological conditions set by the nature. This paper has reviewed recent research publications on landslide susceptibility mapping in Malaysia. Results show that there are 16 models that are being used to describe landslide risk mapping and among them, the Fuzzy model, Neural Network combined with Fuzzy logic, evidential belief function model, probability analysis (e.g. Weights-of-Evidence, and regression), and Support Vector Machine models are proved to be effective even in the areas with limited information. It is observed that most of the susceptible models use curvature, slope angles, distance from drainage, altitude, slope gradient, road distance, aspects as variable factors, and prolonged rainfall as the prime triggering factors. Furthermore, it is observed that the maximum number of research has been conducted in Cameron Highlands (28%) and Penang (20%), because of their high frequencies of landslide occurring and vulnerabilities. Sabah and Sarawak are covered by a negligible number of susceptibility research. Further, a comparison study between the selected models presents the limitations of each model and their benefits and some suggestions are also made based on the author's recommendations works.
{"title":"A Review on Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Malaysia: Recent Trend and Approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.01990208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.01990208","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerating economic growth has assisted rapid urban development and expansion of construction sites into the landslide-vulnerable zones in Malaysia. Thus landslide susceptibility mapping has now become an important part of project designing work for landslide zone areas. There are several models that are used for susceptibility mapping, especially in the peninsular region. Every model has its own set of selected computing variables and characteristics to generate a map. To date, there is no single method applicable to assess and predict all landslides, as there are variations of geomorphological conditions set by the nature. This paper has reviewed recent research publications on landslide susceptibility mapping in Malaysia. Results show that there are 16 models that are being used to describe landslide risk mapping and among them, the Fuzzy model, Neural Network combined with Fuzzy logic, evidential belief function model, probability analysis (e.g. Weights-of-Evidence, and regression), and Support Vector Machine models are proved to be effective even in the areas with limited information. It is observed that most of the susceptible models use curvature, slope angles, distance from drainage, altitude, slope gradient, road distance, aspects as variable factors, and prolonged rainfall as the prime triggering factors. Furthermore, it is observed that the maximum number of research has been conducted in Cameron Highlands (28%) and Penang (20%), because of their high frequencies of landslide occurring and vulnerabilities. Sabah and Sarawak are covered by a negligible number of susceptibility research. Further, a comparison study between the selected models presents the limitations of each model and their benefits and some suggestions are also made based on the author's recommendations works.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132921842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01890189
Leovigildo Lito, D. Mallillin, L. GiovanniCarlo, Atendido, Paul Anthony, L. Tecson
The study identifies mental and emotional well-being awareness toward healthy behavior and expectation. It focuses on challenges of awareness in mental and emotional well-being for healthy behavior and expectation that will be maintained. The research design employs a mixed method using a quantitative and qualitative approach which is appropriate for the study. Purposive sampling is also utilized in the study. This is based on a set of criteria and the selection of the sample size of the study. The study comprised ninety (90) respondents only. Results show that respondents are realizing and thinking clearly about life, especially for ups and downs challenges, show that they are feeling relaxed when behavior and expectation reached satisfaction to the fullest, show that they are emotionally aware, felt being loved by people around them, and show that they set a good example and feeling good about their personality towards other people and are stressing the love of themselves. Findings show that there is a significant correlation between mental and emotional well-being awareness towards healthy behavior and expectation as observed by the respondents.
{"title":"Mental and Emotional Well-Being Awareness: Towards a Healthy Behaviour and Expectation","authors":"Leovigildo Lito, D. Mallillin, L. GiovanniCarlo, Atendido, Paul Anthony, L. Tecson","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.01890189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.01890189","url":null,"abstract":"The study identifies mental and emotional well-being awareness toward healthy behavior and expectation. It focuses on challenges of awareness in mental and emotional well-being for healthy behavior and expectation that will be maintained. The research design employs a mixed method using a quantitative and qualitative approach which is appropriate for the study. Purposive sampling is also utilized in the study. This is based on a set of criteria and the selection of the sample size of the study. The study comprised ninety (90) respondents only. Results show that respondents are realizing and thinking clearly about life, especially for ups and downs challenges, show that they are feeling relaxed when behavior and expectation reached satisfaction to the fullest, show that they are emotionally aware, felt being loved by people around them, and show that they set a good example and feeling good about their personality towards other people and are stressing the love of themselves. Findings show that there is a significant correlation between mental and emotional well-being awareness towards healthy behavior and expectation as observed by the respondents.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126113960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01780188
Shanjeeda Sultana Khanam, Md. Mokter Ali
Foreign policy, in essence, indicates how the government of one country interacts with the government of another. It is important to maintain a positive foreign policy with other countries, especially with neighboring countries. The image of a country is created through its foreign policy in the global arena. A government that pursues a liberal approach will inevitably have a good impact on other states, and those nations will see that country positively or refrain from forming an unfavorable opinion of it. This research paper focuses on concerning the Rohingya problem and attempts to analyze a comparative study of the foreign policies of two neighboring countries, Bangladesh and Myanmar, which demonstrates that a local problem (the Rohingya issue) in one country (Myanmar) has become a major problem in the other country (Bangladesh), resulting in a hostile relationship. In addition, this study aims to understand the present state of Bangladesh-Myanmar foreign policy in regard to the Rohingya crisis and to look into the Rohingya community's current situation in Bangladesh. According to this study, Myanmar must modify its foreign policy toward its neighbors and be flexible on the Rohingya issue.
{"title":"Foreign Policies towards Rohingya Refugees: A Comparative Study of Bangladesh and Myanmar","authors":"Shanjeeda Sultana Khanam, Md. Mokter Ali","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.01780188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.01780188","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign policy, in essence, indicates how the government of one country interacts with the government of another. It is important to maintain a positive foreign policy with other countries, especially with neighboring countries. The image of a country is created through its foreign policy in the global arena. A government that pursues a liberal approach will inevitably have a good impact on other states, and those nations will see that country positively or refrain from forming an unfavorable opinion of it. This research paper focuses on concerning the Rohingya problem and attempts to analyze a comparative study of the foreign policies of two neighboring countries, Bangladesh and Myanmar, which demonstrates that a local problem (the Rohingya issue) in one country (Myanmar) has become a major problem in the other country (Bangladesh), resulting in a hostile relationship. In addition, this study aims to understand the present state of Bangladesh-Myanmar foreign policy in regard to the Rohingya crisis and to look into the Rohingya community's current situation in Bangladesh. According to this study, Myanmar must modify its foreign policy toward its neighbors and be flexible on the Rohingya issue.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129493492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01600177
Climate change has severe impacts on cities in many countries. This review covered climate change sources, consequences, and options for mitigation and adaptation in cities. The global rate of urbanization rose from13% in 1900 to 52% in 2011. However, the links between urbanization and greenhouse gas emissions remain complicated, influenced by factors such as demographic structure, economic growth, individual income and lifestyles, the nature of urban systems, urban form, and geographical location. These drivers cause climate-induced vulnerabilities in cities, such as drinking water shortages, health impacts, and severe extreme events. Population, urban form, and infrastructure might increase these vulnerabilities. In cities, efficient energy consumption, multi-modal transportation, hydroelectrically powered transportation, land use planning, building direction, height-spacing densification of structures, multiple centers, mass transportation, and non-motorized transportation are found as the main mitigation measures. Likewise, adaptation measures include space greening, green infrastructure, ventilation and air-conditioning, blue spaces, flood protection embankments, polders, dams, etc. Spatial planning is crucial for executing local, regional, and international mitigation and adaptation policies and agreements. To make cities and communities less vulnerable to climate change, these policies and agreements might include: how land is used and developed; how non-fossil fuel energy is promoted; and how buildings and transportation systems use less energy.
{"title":"Climate Change Drivers, Effects, and Mitigation-Adaptation Measures for Cities","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.01600177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.01600177","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has severe impacts on cities in many countries. This review covered climate change sources, consequences, and options for mitigation and adaptation in cities. The global rate of urbanization rose from13% in 1900 to 52% in 2011. However, the links between urbanization and greenhouse gas emissions remain complicated, influenced by factors such as demographic structure, economic growth, individual income and lifestyles, the nature of urban systems, urban form, and geographical location. These drivers cause climate-induced vulnerabilities in cities, such as drinking water shortages, health impacts, and severe extreme events. Population, urban form, and infrastructure might increase these vulnerabilities. In cities, efficient energy consumption, multi-modal transportation, hydroelectrically powered transportation, land use planning, building direction, height-spacing densification of structures, multiple centers, mass transportation, and non-motorized transportation are found as the main mitigation measures. Likewise, adaptation measures include space greening, green infrastructure, ventilation and air-conditioning, blue spaces, flood protection embankments, polders, dams, etc. Spatial planning is crucial for executing local, regional, and international mitigation and adaptation policies and agreements. To make cities and communities less vulnerable to climate change, these policies and agreements might include: how land is used and developed; how non-fossil fuel energy is promoted; and how buildings and transportation systems use less energy.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134623203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01480159
Innovation and technological advancement are crucial for the apparel industry, particularly in manufacturing, made-to-order items, and customer requirements. This industry has become one of the most critical aspects of Bangladesh's industrialization process. However, businesses now strategically drive a series of changes, both from an organizational productivity perspective and a technologically supportive one. Industry 4.0 has significant potential to swap the business and manufacturing processes. Although perceptible advancement has been made in the practice of Industry 4.0 technologies and innovation in the manufacturing industries in industrialized countries, there is hesitation about the readiness of competitive businesses and manufacturing industries in developing countries like Bangladesh to adopt Industry 4.0. This study investigates the Bangladeshi apparel Industry's preparedness to implement Industry 4.0. A mixed-methods strategy has been implemented to evaluate the Bangladesh garment sector's readiness. The quantitative information was gathered through an online survey backed by a questionnaire instrument and quantitative methods of the Impulse Foundation of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Association (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau-VDMA). Furthermore, the qualitative data was taken through key informant interviews (KIIs). This exploratory research focused on how companies use technological tools and methodologies and how prepared to adopt the massive changes brought forward by IR 4.0. Based on this study's findings, apparel companies should use technologies such as ERP, Big Data, Cloud, M2M Communication to boost Bangladesh's global competitiveness. In addition, respondents believed that digital transformation could create a smart factory to optimize the manufacturing system, which has a very substantial impact on industry 4.0. Moreover, this exploratory study revealed that Bangladesh's garment companies face significant difficulties in IR 4.0 strategy design and equipment organization to meet IR 4.0 expectations. It is also revealed in this research that skills related to Industry 4.0 exist in hands in Bangladesh. Therefore, further research is needed to discover more features of Industry 4.0 adoption and skilled employee prerequisites.
创新和技术进步对服装行业至关重要，特别是在制造、定制产品和客户需求方面。该行业已成为孟加拉国工业化进程中最关键的方面之一。然而，从组织生产力的角度和技术支持的角度来看，企业现在在战略上推动了一系列变化。工业4.0具有将业务和制造流程交换的巨大潜力。尽管工业化国家在工业4.0技术的实践和制造业创新方面取得了明显的进步，但孟加拉国等发展中国家的竞争性企业和制造业是否准备好采用工业4.0仍存在犹豫。本研究调查孟加拉服装产业为实施工业4.0所做的准备。实施了一项混合方法战略，以评估孟加拉国服装部门的准备情况。定量信息是通过在线调查收集的，该调查由机械工程工业协会(Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und anlagenbauu - vdma)脉冲基金会的问卷调查工具和定量方法支持。此外，通过关键线人访谈(KIIs)获得定性数据。这项探索性研究的重点是公司如何使用技术工具和方法，以及如何准备好接受工业4.0带来的巨大变化。根据这项研究的结果，服装公司应该利用ERP、大数据、云、M2M通信等技术来提高孟加拉国的全球竞争力。此外，受访者认为数字化转型可以创建智能工厂来优化制造系统，这对工业4.0具有非常实质性的影响。此外，本探索性研究显示，孟加拉国服装公司在工业革命4.0战略设计和设备组织方面面临重大困难，以满足工业革命4.0的期望。这项研究还揭示了与工业4.0相关的技能在孟加拉国存在。因此，需要进一步的研究来发现工业4.0采用的更多特征和熟练员工的先决条件。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01380147
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) have been witnessing recurring clashes between the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and the Bengali Settlers (BSs) over a long period of time. However, being a relatively new term, social capital provides a critical lens through which this paper might evaluate the nature of violent conflicts in the CHTs. A thorough consideration of the notion of social capital and its application to a conflict analysis allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how violent conflict occurs and impacts social cohesion in the region. The consequence is twofold: first, a better knowledge of how violent conflicts allows for the creation of conflict prevention techniques that not only reduce the chances of violent conflicts but also make use of existing networks to boost social capital. Second, a thorough grasp of social capital aids in the planning and implementation of post-conflict reconstruction. This study aims to examine the literature on social capital and conflicts, as well as to present a critical analysis of how social capital influences violent conflicts in CHTs.
{"title":"Social Capital and its Transformative Influence in Relation to Violent Conflicts: An Interpretative Study on Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) in Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajssls.022.01380147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.01380147","url":null,"abstract":"The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) have been witnessing recurring clashes between the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and the Bengali Settlers (BSs) over a long period of time. However, being a relatively new term, social capital provides a critical lens through which this paper might evaluate the nature of violent conflicts in the CHTs. A thorough consideration of the notion of social capital and its application to a conflict analysis allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how violent conflict occurs and impacts social cohesion in the region. The consequence is twofold: first, a better knowledge of how violent conflicts allows for the creation of conflict prevention techniques that not only reduce the chances of violent conflicts but also make use of existing networks to boost social capital. Second, a thorough grasp of social capital aids in the planning and implementation of post-conflict reconstruction. This study aims to examine the literature on social capital and conflicts, as well as to present a critical analysis of how social capital influences violent conflicts in CHTs.","PeriodicalId":365081,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115528644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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