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Current Economic Performance and Export Potentialities of Fisheries Sector in Bangladesh 孟加拉国渔业部门目前的经济表现和出口潜力
Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.34104/bjah.02201220137
Bangladesh is endowed with extensive and highly diversified fisheries resources. More than 60% of animal-based food protein in Bangladesh comes from fish, which is an essential source of micronutrients and plays a significant part in the country's diet. This paper reviews the effectuation of the fisheries sector in the economic development of Bangladesh using data collected from secondary sources. Bangladesh is the world’s 5th largest producer of fish-culture products, outranked by China, Indonesia, India, and Vietnam. In FY 2018-19, the fisheries sector contributed 3.5% to Bangladesh’s national GDP. More than 18 million people are directly and indirectly involved in the fisheries sector. Fish is the most significant source of protein for the mass population and the per capita consumption was 21.8 kg in 2019. The fisheries sector has been growing steadily in the recent decade with a 5.3% growth over the period from 2009 to 2019. In FY 2018-19, 56.76% (2.49 million MT) of aquaculture fish was cultivated in closed water bodies. Out of the fisheries production, the majority (1.97 million MT) is cultivated in ponds, particularly carp, pangaus, and tilapia fish which jointly account for 93% of freshwater fish production. The average growth rate of fish production in ponds is 5.7%, while this is 8.9% for intensive production. Shrimp production from culture farms contributes 51.34%. This study also found that fish-culture has a profound impact on the income level, food security, and employment generation of the farming community. Bangladesh furthermore recognizes the shrimp sector as an important source of foreign trade contributing 75.8% of total agriculture trade. The majorly export markets are the EU, USA, and UK. Although, China is the chief importer of crabs there exists a potential market for shrimp (Bagda). Pangas and tilapia also possess relative advantages in export. Therefore, with the sustainable use of available resources with proper technological assistance, fish produced from fish-culture would efficiently meet the protein demand of the growing population and thus alleviating poverty with significant employment opportunities for the country.
孟加拉国拥有广泛和高度多样化的渔业资源。孟加拉国60%以上的动物性食物蛋白质来自鱼类,鱼类是微量营养素的重要来源,在该国的饮食中占有重要地位。本文利用从二手来源收集的数据回顾了渔业部门在孟加拉国经济发展中的作用。孟加拉国是世界第五大鱼类养殖产品生产国,排在中国、印度尼西亚、印度和越南之后。在2018-19财年,渔业部门对孟加拉国国民生产总值的贡献为3.5%。1 800多万人直接或间接参与渔业部门的工作。鱼类是大众最重要的蛋白质来源,2019年人均消费量为21.8公斤。近十年来,渔业部门一直在稳步增长,2009年至2019年期间增长了5.3%。2018-19财年,封闭水体养殖鱼量达56.76%(249万吨)。在渔业产量中,大部分(197万吨)是在池塘中养殖的,特别是鲤鱼、鲶鱼和罗非鱼,它们合计占淡水鱼产量的93%。池塘养殖的平均生长率为5.7%,集约化养殖的平均生长率为8.9%。养殖场对虾产量贡献了51.34%。该研究还发现,养鱼对农业社区的收入水平、粮食安全和就业产生深远影响。此外,孟加拉国认识到虾类部门是对外贸易的重要来源,占农业贸易总额的75.8%。主要出口市场是欧盟、美国和英国。虽然中国是螃蟹的主要进口国,但虾(Bagda)也有潜在市场。鲶鱼和罗非鱼在出口上也具有相对优势。因此,在适当的技术援助下可持续地利用现有资源,养鱼生产的鱼将有效地满足不断增长的人口对蛋白质的需求,从而减轻贫穷,并为该国提供大量就业机会。
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引用次数: 0
Does Socioeconomic Status of Students Influence Their Career Choice? A Study on the Tertiary Level Students 学生的社会经济地位会影响他们的职业选择吗?高等教育学生的研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01120121
In the Indian subcontinent, students pay utmost importance to choosing a career as it determines people’s status in society. The notion of the research was to explore the influence of socioeconomic status on students’ career choices. A survey was administered among tertiary level students of Bangladesh and the respondents were found through convenient sampling. A structured questionnaire consisting of 24 items based on Social Cognitive Career Theory was developed. The questionnaire was uploaded through Google form and eventually, 563 valid responses were obtained. The results revealed that age, religion, place of residence, residing while studying, parents’ education, and parents’ occupation have positive impacts on students’ career choices. Besides, it also indicated that family members have an influence on the overall career decision-making process of the students. Oppositely, fathers’ income has little bearing, whereas mothers’ monthly income has a positive impact. Again, gender differences were found to have a negative impact. The findings are in line with previous studies and parties involved with career guidance and counseling may utilize the findings.
在印度次大陆,学生们非常重视职业的选择,因为它决定了人们在社会中的地位。本研究旨在探讨社会经济地位对学生职业选择的影响。在孟加拉国的高等教育学生中进行了一项调查,通过方便的抽样找到了受访者。基于社会认知职业理论,编制了一份包含24个项目的结构化问卷。问卷通过Google表单上传,最终获得563份有效回复。结果显示,年龄、宗教信仰、居住地、在校居住、父母受教育程度和父母职业对学生的职业选择有正向影响。此外,家庭成员对学生的整体职业决策过程也有影响。相反,父亲的收入几乎没有影响,而母亲的月收入有正影响。同样,性别差异也会产生负面影响。研究结果与先前的研究一致,从事职业指导和咨询的各方可以利用这些研究结果。
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引用次数: 1
White-Collar Crimes: How to Combat the Offence of Bribery 白领犯罪:如何打击贿赂犯罪
Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.01060111
In the era of globalization, where nations struggle and aspire to modernize themselves, a good social order becomes sine qua non; whatever may be the nature of the given state and its government. Bangladesh, as a sovereign country, has its goal to “realize through the democratic process a socialist society, free from exploitation…” It has been observed when government officials start to receive bribes in exchange for their statutory service it brings serious anarchy to the state and its regular operation. In recent times the citizens of Bangladesh are in dire need to be reminded of what constitutes the offense of bribery per the laws of the land. A bribe is an additional benefit given; whether financial in nature or not, that encourages the individual receiving such benefits to execute a relevant function or activity in an improper manner. This research proposal’s key goal is to formulate the information gathered to increase background knowledge on the subject matter for its readers as well as provide recommendations to enhance the legislation focusing on anti-corruption practices. The paper will further address what amounts to an additional benefit and how can a relevant function or activity be performed in an improper manner by the relevant authority or concerned person. The research methodology relied on the author solely for the purpose of collecting and analyzing the data by applying open-ended and conversational communication. The author relies on comparative legal research methodology to better analyze how similar matters are dealt with differently based on their mode of interpretation and convenience in different jurisdictions.
在全球化时代,各国都在努力实现现代化,良好的社会秩序成为必不可少的条件;无论这个国家及其政府的性质如何。孟加拉国作为一个主权国家,其目标是“通过民主程序实现一个没有剥削的社会主义社会……”人们观察到,当政府官员开始接受贿赂以换取他们的法定服务时,它会给国家及其正常运作带来严重的无政府状态。最近,孟加拉国的公民迫切需要被提醒,根据该国的法律,什么构成了贿赂罪。贿赂是一种额外的利益;无论是否具有财务性质,这都鼓励接受此类利益的个人以不正当的方式执行相关职能或活动。本研究计划的主要目标是整理所收集的资料,为读者增加有关主题的背景知识,并提供建议,以加强以反腐败实践为重点的立法。该文件将进一步讨论什么构成额外利益,以及有关当局或有关人员如何以不当方式履行有关职能或活动。研究方法完全依靠作者,通过开放式和对话式的交流来收集和分析数据。笔者运用比较法学研究方法,更好地分析了不同法域对类似事项的解释方式和便利性的不同处理方式。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment of the Legal Framework Regulating Waste Management in Bangladesh 对孟加拉国废物管理法律框架的评估
Pub Date : 2022-06-18 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.0940105
In Bangladesh, the difficulties associated with waste management have taken on a major dimension during the past several decades. The high population growth rate and rise in economic activity in Bangladesh's metropolitan regions, along with a lack of waste management training, make attempts to enhance waste management services difficult. In Bangladesh, per capita, trash output in urban residential areas is much greater than in rural residential areas. The nations' capacity to collect, handle, dispose of, or recycle the trash in a cost-effective way is severely constrained. Bangladesh, like the rest of the globe, has seen a considerable increase in environmental threats. Attackers in the atmosphere represent an overwhelming danger to humans and other living things. Wetlands, aquatic bodies, coral reefs, and the seas are all threatened by the dumping of hazardous waste and pollution from land-based sources. There is also rising worry about the negative socioeconomic, public health, and environmental effects of e-waste toxicity. Standard technology, infrastructure, skilled staff, and budgetary constraints are significant problems for private business owners. They now require e-waste management standards and guidelines in order to do business in an environmentally sustainable manner. Whereas many developed and developing nations have established a scientific method for efficient garbage disposal, Bangladesh has yet to formulate a "Comprehensive National Strategy" to effectively manage the problem of trash disposal. Some laws and regulations, such as the Environment Conservation Act of 1995, contain measures for the reduction and control of waste emissions from diverse sources, as well as their disposal. The goal of this study is to look into and evaluate how useful Bangladesh's current laws are for managing waste.
在孟加拉国,与废物管理有关的困难在过去几十年里已成为一个重大问题。孟加拉国大都市地区人口增长率高,经济活动增加,再加上缺乏废物管理培训,使加强废物管理服务的努力变得困难。在孟加拉国,城市居民区的人均垃圾产生量远远大于农村居民区。各国以经济有效的方式收集、处理、处置或回收垃圾的能力受到严重限制。与全球其他地区一样,孟加拉国的环境威胁也在显著增加。大气中的攻击者对人类和其他生物构成了巨大的危险。湿地、水生生物、珊瑚礁和海洋都受到倾倒危险废物和陆源污染的威胁。人们也越来越担心电子垃圾毒性对社会经济、公共卫生和环境的负面影响。标准技术、基础设施、熟练员工和预算限制是私营企业主面临的重大问题。他们现在需要电子废物管理标准和指导方针,以便以环境可持续的方式开展业务。虽然许多发达国家和发展中国家已经建立了有效的垃圾处理的科学方法,但孟加拉国还没有制定一个“综合国家战略”来有效地管理垃圾处理问题。一些法律和条例,例如1995年的《环境养护法》载有减少和控制各种来源的废物排放及其处置的措施。这项研究的目的是调查和评估孟加拉国现行法律对废物管理的有用程度。
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引用次数: 1
Social Interaction between 'Host' and 'Guest': Rohingya Refugee Context in Bangladesh “主人”和“客人”之间的社会互动:孟加拉国罗兴亚难民背景
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.085093
The juxtaposition of Rohingya refugees and the host community will be explored in this article, where two parties are not only in a hostile situation but also create an amicable situation through their social interactions. This relationship will be examined using the theoretical concepts of conflict and cultural assimilation. Though the two groups did not originate from the same place, they today have a common socio-cultural heritage. That is why, to function in society, the host community and Rohingya refugees are involved in new social interactions over time and in flourishing mixed kinds of kin networks like marriage and patron-client relations. It is noted that the host community is becoming hostile, but at the beginning of the influx, they were not unsympathetic. Both groups (Rohingya refugees and host community) also have social communication with working aid agencies. On the other hand, through capitalizing on the current situation, a new economic class has emerged in the host community. It is also significant to recognize the ongoing social pattern. So, to understand the relationship profoundly between the host community and Rohingya refugees, those kinds of social interactions should count in similar social research.
本文将探讨罗兴亚难民和收容社区的并置,其中双方不仅处于敌对状态,而且通过他们的社会互动创造了一个友好的局面。这种关系将使用冲突和文化同化的理论概念进行检查。虽然这两个群体不是来自同一个地方,但他们今天拥有共同的社会文化遗产。这就是为什么,为了在社会中发挥作用,收容社区和罗兴亚难民会随着时间的推移参与新的社会互动,参与婚姻和恩宠关系等蓬勃发展的混合亲属网络。值得注意的是,收容社区正变得充满敌意,但在难民涌入之初,他们并非毫无同情心。这两个群体(罗兴亚难民和收容社区)也与工作中的援助机构进行社会沟通。另一方面,通过利用当前的形势,在东道国出现了一个新的经济阶层。认识到正在进行的社会模式也很重要。因此,要深刻理解收容社区和罗兴亚难民之间的关系,这些社会互动应该纳入类似的社会研究。
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引用次数: 2
User’s Perception of Application-Based-Ride-Sharing-Services in Dhaka City: A Study on Uber 达卡市用户对基于应用的拼车服务的感知——基于Uber的研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.076084
22nd November 2016, a historic date on the horizon of the transportation system of Bangladesh. ‘Uber’ Bangladesh has launched its operation in Dhaka, the capital city. Uber is a growing - application-based ride-sharing service and popular transportation media, known worldwide as of late. Dhaka, Chattogram, and Sylhet, people living in these three big cities have been availing of this innovative ride-sharing service. This study attempts to interpret the context of consumer behavior of this service i.e., why people do prefer Uber services over other existing public transport and post evaluation of that service offered by Uber. A short-range questionnaire survey has been undertaken. Secondary sources of data were also collected for literature. For this study, 100 respondents were surveyed following the purposive sampling method in different areas of Dhaka city. The equal Male-Female ratio of data size has been maintained. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-16 version maintaining the standard of research ethics and validity. The perception of users has been found positive towards this ride-sharing service. 77% of respondents said they are happy availing service from Uber and 23% of them are unhappy with the Uber service. Data concludes that the sense of being unhappy derived from some service problems like high costing for short distances, accidents, and lack of commitment of Uber drivers. To attain the goal of ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ of SDG-11 further includes the target of ‘providing access to the affordable and sustainable transport system for all by 2030’, this sort of innovation in the transportation sector is sure of blessing for this ‘Mega City’ like Dhaka as well as for Bangladesh. It will help step forward on the ladder of Development for the country.
2016年11月22日,是孟加拉国交通运输系统的历史性日子。“优步”孟加拉国公司已在首都达卡开展业务。优步是一种基于应用程序的乘车共享服务和流行的交通媒体,最近享誉全球。Dhaka, Chattogram和Sylhet,这三个大城市的人们一直在利用这种创新的拼车服务。本研究试图解释这项服务的消费者行为背景,即为什么人们更喜欢优步服务而不是其他现有的公共交通工具,以及优步提供的服务的后评估。进行了一项短期问卷调查。文献资料也收集了二手资料来源。在本研究中,采用有目的的抽样方法,在达卡市的不同地区调查了100名受访者。数据大小的男女比例保持不变。数据分析采用SPSS-16版本,保持研究伦理和效度标准。用户对这项拼车服务的看法是积极的。77%的受访者表示他们很高兴使用优步的服务,23%的人对优步的服务不满意。数据得出的结论是,不开心的感觉源于一些服务问题,比如短距离的高成本、事故、优步司机缺乏责任感。为了实现可持续发展目标11中“可持续城市和社区”的目标,进一步包括“到2030年为所有人提供负担得起的可持续交通系统”的目标,交通运输领域的这种创新肯定会为达卡这样的“特大城市”以及孟加拉国带来福音。这将有助于该国在发展的阶梯上更进一步。
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引用次数: 0
The Success Factors for Growing Health Tech Startups in Thailand 泰国健康科技创业公司成长的成功因素
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.068075
Startups have served as one of the Thai government’s mechanisms for promoting economic stability and growth. The health tech startup is a global trend toward new innovative industries. In Thailand, there are many health tech startups born each year. However, the healthcare business characteristic and business model differing from other businesses urge the need to understand the relevant factors of success. This knowledge can help you lower your chances of failing and enhance your chances of succeeding. The success elements that influence success, as well as the ones that are most crucial for health tech firms, were investigated in this study. This research used quantitative methodologies to create a systemic approach. The researchers used data from 240 samples to assess basic statistics and confirmatory second-order factor analysis based on the idea of latent variables in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It was found that health tech startups in Thailand can be successful because of 6 elements, which are government policy, startup support, human capital, market, finance, and culture. Culture is the most influential factor, followed by startup support, human capital, market, government policy, and finance. It's worth noting that tax relief and low-interest financing aren't high on the priority list. Internal elements such as entrepreneurial inspiration or knowledge, experience, and product prominence, on the other hand, take precedence.
创业公司一直是泰国政府促进经济稳定和增长的机制之一。这家健康科技创业公司是全球走向新创新产业的趋势。在泰国,每年都有许多健康科技初创公司诞生。然而,医疗保健业务的特点和不同于其他业务的商业模式迫切需要了解成功的相关因素。这些知识可以帮助你降低失败的几率,增加成功的几率。本研究调查了影响成功的成功因素,以及那些对健康科技公司最重要的成功因素。这项研究使用了定量方法来创建一个系统的方法。研究人员使用来自240个样本的数据来评估基本统计数据和基于结构方程模型(SEM)中潜在变量的验证性二阶因子分析。研究发现,泰国医疗科技创业公司能够成功的原因有6个因素,即政府政策、创业支持、人力资本、市场、金融和文化。文化是影响最大的因素,其次是创业支持、人力资本、市场、政府政策和金融。值得注意的是,减税和低息融资并不是优先考虑的事项。另一方面,内部因素,如创业灵感或知识、经验和产品突出性,则优先考虑。
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引用次数: 0
The Legal Aspect of Rape: A Review of the 2020 Amendment of Nari O Shishu Ain (Act No VIII of 2000) 强奸的法律层面:对2020年《Nari O Shishu Ain》修正案(2000年第VIII号法)的回顾
Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.058067
Syed Menhazul
The detriment of rape even with the upsurge is received by the general mass with shock and the trauma enveloping the inflicted is incomprehensible. In a developing country like Bangladesh, the chastity of a woman is her ultimate pride and possession and when such is violated, considering the social predicament, the victim is usually humiliated in lieu of availing the much-required moral support to disposal. Falsely implicating an innocent is also evident in the trend. In the recent amendment, incarceration for life was substituted by the death penalty. Such incorporation endeavors toward the deterrent aspect of the penalty warning future perpetrators to avert from committing such mischief. This article aspires to illuminate the unexpanded idea of consent, extract the constitutional and legal justification of the recent amendment, the ends of statutory justice provided to the protected and sabotage of the very protective law, i.e., misapplication of it falsely incriminating an innocent.
强奸的危害即使在高潮中也被普通大众震惊地接受,而受害者的创伤是无法理解的。在像孟加拉国这样的发展中国家,女人的贞操是她最大的骄傲和财产,当贞操被侵犯时,考虑到社会困境,受害者通常会受到羞辱,而不是利用急需的精神支持来处理。在这种趋势中,错误地牵连无辜者也很明显。在最近的修正案中,无期徒刑被死刑取代。这种结合的努力是为了惩罚的威慑方面,警告未来的犯罪者避免犯下这样的恶作剧。本文旨在阐明未扩展的同意概念,提取最近修正案的宪法和法律理由,法定正义的目的提供保护和破坏非常保护性的法律,即误用它错误地使无辜者入罪。
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引用次数: 2
Kamala Das: Tragedy of Contrast between Childhood and Adulthood 卡玛拉·达斯:童年与成年反差的悲剧
Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.051057
This paper attempts to focus on Kamala Das’s vision of her secure and happy childhood and her frustrating adulthood exploring her poems critically. Her innocent past is juxtaposed with her sexually experienced present life in many of her poems. Her nostalgia is enrooted in her exhaustion from the current situation of life. Her loneliness and dissatisfaction compel her to fall back on her childhood memories which provide her with momentary relief but at the same time make her present predicament more pathetic. It seems that her nostalgia for childhood is the outcome of her realization of the lovelessness of this cruel world of adulthood. In a very confessional tone, Mrs. Das describes the autobiographical elements of her personal life in her poems. Her ancestral house, Nalapat House, and her grandmother are one of the central themes of her poems. She compares the selfless unconditional true love of her grandmother to the sexual selfish lust of her life partner in her poems. The vivid picture of her childhood incidents in her nostalgic poem is actually a retreat for her which helps her to get some relief from her present tortured self.
本文试图以卡玛拉·达斯对自己安全快乐的童年和沮丧的成年的看法为中心,对她的诗歌进行批判性的探索。在她的许多诗中,她天真的过去与她性生活丰富的现在并列。她的怀旧之情源于她对现状的厌倦。她的孤独和不满迫使她回到童年的记忆中,这给了她短暂的解脱,但同时也使她现在的困境更加可悲。她对童年的怀念似乎是她意识到这个残酷的成年世界的无爱的结果。达斯夫人以一种非常自白的语气,在她的诗中描述了她个人生活中的自传体元素。她的祖屋,那拉帕特屋和她的祖母是她诗歌的中心主题之一。她在诗中将祖母无私、无条件的真爱比作人生伴侣的性私欲。在她的怀旧诗中,她对童年事件的生动描绘实际上是她的一种退避,帮助她从现在痛苦的自我中得到一些解脱。
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引用次数: 0
The Legal Journey from Legal Education to Lawyering in Bangladesh: A Boon or A Menace 孟加拉国从法律教育到律师行业的法律之旅:是福还是祸
Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.34104/ajssls.022.039050
Adversarial System of Courts within the legal realm of the Common Law such as in Bangladesh designates lawyers to high social prominence as professionals of law are the primary interpreters of various laws of the land. Lawyers being social engineers principally act as the consciousness and voice of the citizens of the state. These two characteristics are naturally inherited as energizers by lawyers in the early stages of student-hood. However, how long does that very enthusiasm last, and are there any catalysts to further it? Is the question to reckon with? The profession of law like any other occupation circumnavigates a set of etiquettes that dictates the natural course of the profession. The prime rationale of this paper is to contemplate the etiquettes of the profession, the uncompromisable duties of a practitioner, the grounds that coherently result in either suspension or revocation of practitioners’ licenses along with justifying to its readers the social necessity for ethical lawyers.
在普通法的法律领域内,如在孟加拉国,法院的对抗性制度指定律师具有很高的社会地位,因为法律专业人士是该国各种法律的主要解释者。律师作为社会工程师,主要是作为国家公民的意识和声音。在学生时代的早期阶段,律师们自然继承了这两个特点,成为他们的动力。然而,这种热情能持续多久?是否有进一步推动这种热情的催化剂?这个问题需要考虑吗?法律职业和其他任何职业一样,都要遵循一套规定该职业自然发展过程的礼节。本文的基本原理是考虑职业礼仪,从业者的不可妥协的职责,连贯地导致从业者执照暂停或撤销的理由,以及向读者证明道德律师的社会必要性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies
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