Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.6.97
Upendra K. D. C. Wijayasiri, Savithri W. Wimalasekere, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Himansu Waidyasekara, Sivaygurunathan Sivayogan
Poorly organized training schedules that are not focused on optimizing the cardiopulmonary fitness of the runner may lead to negative outcomes in their performance. Further, reduced cardiopulmonary fitness of a distance runner may lead to an imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs of cardiac autonomic regulation. This altered balance of the regulation of the heart may recur as a vicious cycle, further hampering the runner's performance. The study assessed the effects of specialized training programs on the remodeling of cardiac autonomic regulation in relation to improving cardiopulmonary fitness and running performance of Sri Lankan male distance runners (N = 22). Before the intervention, runners were found to have more sympathetic dominancy on cardiac autonomic regulation along with suboptimal cardiopulmonary fitness level and suboptimal performance. After the intervention, more parasympathetic dominancy in cardiac autonomic regulation and improved cardiopulmonary fitness parameters were achieved. Post-intervention race timing of long-distance runners was significantly improved (p < 0.05) compared to the pre-intervention race timing irrespective of lower VO2peak level. The specialized training program used in this study optimized the parasympathetic dominancy of the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system of the Sri Lankan national long-distance runners. The runners were able to record significantly improved race timing after the specialized training intervention even though their VO2peak level was dropped. Thus, it is concluded that achieving parasympathetic dominant cardiac autonomic regulation is a better indicator than achieving higher VO2max levels given the performance of distance runners.
{"title":"Physiological Approach to Cardio-endurance Training: Indicators of Optimal Parasympathetic Input on Cardiovascular Regulation are Better Predictors of Running Performance of Distance Runners","authors":"Upendra K. D. C. Wijayasiri, Savithri W. Wimalasekere, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Himansu Waidyasekara, Sivaygurunathan Sivayogan","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.6.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.6.97","url":null,"abstract":"Poorly organized training schedules that are not focused on optimizing the cardiopulmonary fitness of the runner may lead to negative outcomes in their performance. Further, reduced cardiopulmonary fitness of a distance runner may lead to an imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs of cardiac autonomic regulation. This altered balance of the regulation of the heart may recur as a vicious cycle, further hampering the runner's performance. The study assessed the effects of specialized training programs on the remodeling of cardiac autonomic regulation in relation to improving cardiopulmonary fitness and running performance of Sri Lankan male distance runners (N = 22). Before the intervention, runners were found to have more sympathetic dominancy on cardiac autonomic regulation along with suboptimal cardiopulmonary fitness level and suboptimal performance. After the intervention, more parasympathetic dominancy in cardiac autonomic regulation and improved cardiopulmonary fitness parameters were achieved. Post-intervention race timing of long-distance runners was significantly improved (p < 0.05) compared to the pre-intervention race timing irrespective of lower VO2peak level. The specialized training program used in this study optimized the parasympathetic dominancy of the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system of the Sri Lankan national long-distance runners. The runners were able to record significantly improved race timing after the specialized training intervention even though their VO2peak level was dropped. Thus, it is concluded that achieving parasympathetic dominant cardiac autonomic regulation is a better indicator than achieving higher VO2max levels given the performance of distance runners.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"15 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary goal of the current study was to determine how coaches’ transformational leadership philosophies affected player contentment on the selected Ethiopian Super League and National League football teams. A transformational leader encourages and inspires others to step outside of their comfort zones and find creative solutions to issues. A key factor in creating and sustaining player performance and athlete satisfaction is the coaching approach. The goal of the study was to ascertain how soccer players’ contentment with their particular football teams was impacted by coaches’ transformational leadership approaches. The study design was a correlational research design. The study subjects in the sample consisted of 227 soccer players. SPSS version 20.0 was used in this study for data entry, computation, and processing. The study results of independent t-tests and multiple linear regression models were revealed to be fit. Athlete satisfaction predicted by the regression model was significant and fit. The present study revealed that the national league’s mean score was lower than the super league’s mean in the independent t-test results. The study showed that the most crucial coach behavior to improve athletes’ satisfaction is transformational coaching leadership style. Because of this, the Ethiopian Football Federation and other regional football federations may consider how transformative leaders’ leadership philosophies affect athlete satisfaction.
{"title":"Impact of Coaches’ Transformational Leadership on Soccer Players’ Satisfaction in Selected Ethiopian Super and National League Football Clubs","authors":"Melesse Lachore, Getachew Tesema Bayeta, Abdeta Bayissa Mekesa","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.102","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of the current study was to determine how coaches’ transformational leadership philosophies affected player contentment on the selected Ethiopian Super League and National League football teams. A transformational leader encourages and inspires others to step outside of their comfort zones and find creative solutions to issues. A key factor in creating and sustaining player performance and athlete satisfaction is the coaching approach. The goal of the study was to ascertain how soccer players’ contentment with their particular football teams was impacted by coaches’ transformational leadership approaches. The study design was a correlational research design. The study subjects in the sample consisted of 227 soccer players. SPSS version 20.0 was used in this study for data entry, computation, and processing. The study results of independent t-tests and multiple linear regression models were revealed to be fit. Athlete satisfaction predicted by the regression model was significant and fit. The present study revealed that the national league’s mean score was lower than the super league’s mean in the independent t-test results. The study showed that the most crucial coach behavior to improve athletes’ satisfaction is transformational coaching leadership style. Because of this, the Ethiopian Football Federation and other regional football federations may consider how transformative leaders’ leadership philosophies affect athlete satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"27 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.86
Lianna Abrahamyan
The sports sector is often liable for illegal activities, such as money laundering. Football, the most popular sport in the world, is one of several places where illegal money might enter, with the UNODC estimating that the sport facilitates the laundering of roughly USD 140 billion annually. The aim of this paper is to identify the main money laundering schemes used in the sports industry and to provide a complete plan for mitigating these risks. Key methods of money laundering in the sports sector, such as football example, are considered. Key cases of illicit activities in football are considered in the context of money laundering and other criminal offences. A comprehensive strategy is proposed to prevent money laundering in professional sports, including anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism funding (CTF) legislation and regulations, due diligence, transparency, sanctions, whistleblower protection, international collaboration, training and education, and the use of cutting-edge technology such as AI and machine learning. These preventative measures require constant awareness and innovation to be successful and include establishing a regulatory organization with responsibility for regulating money dealings in the sports industry, due diligence, transparency, sanctions, whistleblower protection, international collaboration, training and education, and the use of cutting-edge technology. This paper’s results may be used by researchers and analysts, professional associations, non-governmental organizations, legislators, and the general public.
{"title":"Major International Competition Funding and Money Laundering Risks","authors":"Lianna Abrahamyan","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.86","url":null,"abstract":"The sports sector is often liable for illegal activities, such as money laundering. Football, the most popular sport in the world, is one of several places where illegal money might enter, with the UNODC estimating that the sport facilitates the laundering of roughly USD 140 billion annually. The aim of this paper is to identify the main money laundering schemes used in the sports industry and to provide a complete plan for mitigating these risks. Key methods of money laundering in the sports sector, such as football example, are considered. Key cases of illicit activities in football are considered in the context of money laundering and other criminal offences. A comprehensive strategy is proposed to prevent money laundering in professional sports, including anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism funding (CTF) legislation and regulations, due diligence, transparency, sanctions, whistleblower protection, international collaboration, training and education, and the use of cutting-edge technology such as AI and machine learning. These preventative measures require constant awareness and innovation to be successful and include establishing a regulatory organization with responsibility for regulating money dealings in the sports industry, due diligence, transparency, sanctions, whistleblower protection, international collaboration, training and education, and the use of cutting-edge technology. This paper’s results may be used by researchers and analysts, professional associations, non-governmental organizations, legislators, and the general public.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.100
Veerle De Bosscher, Kari Descheemaeker, Simon Shibli
Talent development models are the frameworks that guide sports stakeholders in developing potential athletes, within which early specialisation and diversification remain contradictory strategies. This paper presents new insights into the starting and specialisation ages of world-class athletes in various Olympic sports. A total of 2,838 athletes from 13 nations and 44 Olympic sports were included in this study. The results show that world-class athletes started with their current sport at the age of 10.6 (±5.3) and decided to focus on this sport at the age of 15.6 (±5.0), with obvious variations in these ages across different sports. The study showed a moderate relationship between athletes’ starting and specialisation ages (r = 0.639), which demonstrates the variable duration of the multiple sport sampling period. This period, during which athletes pursue a variety of sports, lasts 4.9 years on average. There is a high degree of variation among different athletes in starting and specialisation ages, even within the same sport. All sports in the study can be classified into five categories based on a combination of their starting ages (early/intermediate/late) and specialisation ages (early/intermediate/late). The Developmental Model of Sports Participation provides the age guidelines for the categories. The five categories contain (I) early specialisation sports, (II) intermediate starting and specialisation sports, (III) late specialisation sports, (IV) late starting sports, and (V) late starting and late specialisation sports. The study concludes by proposing that there is a need for sport-specific talent development models with increased attention to each sport’s starting age, sampling period, and specialisation age.
{"title":"Starting and Specialisation Ages of Elite Athletes across Olympic Sports: An International Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Veerle De Bosscher, Kari Descheemaeker, Simon Shibli","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.100","url":null,"abstract":"Talent development models are the frameworks that guide sports stakeholders in developing potential athletes, within which early specialisation and diversification remain contradictory strategies. This paper presents new insights into the starting and specialisation ages of world-class athletes in various Olympic sports. A total of 2,838 athletes from 13 nations and 44 Olympic sports were included in this study. The results show that world-class athletes started with their current sport at the age of 10.6 (±5.3) and decided to focus on this sport at the age of 15.6 (±5.0), with obvious variations in these ages across different sports. The study showed a moderate relationship between athletes’ starting and specialisation ages (r = 0.639), which demonstrates the variable duration of the multiple sport sampling period. This period, during which athletes pursue a variety of sports, lasts 4.9 years on average. There is a high degree of variation among different athletes in starting and specialisation ages, even within the same sport. All sports in the study can be classified into five categories based on a combination of their starting ages (early/intermediate/late) and specialisation ages (early/intermediate/late). The Developmental Model of Sports Participation provides the age guidelines for the categories. The five categories contain (I) early specialisation sports, (II) intermediate starting and specialisation sports, (III) late specialisation sports, (IV) late starting sports, and (V) late starting and late specialisation sports. The study concludes by proposing that there is a need for sport-specific talent development models with increased attention to each sport’s starting age, sampling period, and specialisation age.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foam rolling (FR) is an easy-to-perform self-care activity to improve the range of motion in patients with injuries. However, even if FR is performed at the same intensity, the feeling differs depending on the patient. In addition, FR affects the contralateral side. This phenomenon is called cross education. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between FR sensitivities and FR efficacy. The secondary purpose was to determine how FR intensity perception influences cross education. In this study, FR sensitivity was calculated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The difference in the effect of FR sensitivity was evaluated using the correlation between the amount of change in PRE-test to POST- test ROM and VAS. The experimental procedure in this study first measures ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) on the left and right leg. Immediately after measurement, 3sets of FR were performed on one random leg. Participants wrote the VAS of FR for each set during the rest period of each FR intervention set. Immediately after 3 sets of FR, the ROM was measured in the left and right legs. Statistical analysis performed Two-way repeated measures ANOVA in group comparison. As a result, two-way ANOVA did not show a significant effect of group (F = 0.003, P = 0.95) or interaction effect (F = 2.28, P = 0.14). In contract, time had a significant effect (F = 39.65, P = 0.001). Post hoc result in [Dominant leg] PRE: 19.7 ± 7.6° POST: 22.2 ± 7.3° P = 0.001 Δ = 0.33. [Non-dominant leg] PRE: 20.0 ± 7.8° POST: 21.6 ± 7.8° P = 0.01, Δ = 0.21). On the other hand, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for the correlation between the amount of change in ROM and VAS. As a result, a dominant leg significant negative correlation was observed between the 3dr set of FR VAS score and the amount of change in ROM (r = -0.38, P = 0.04). Non-dominant leg significant correlations were observed third set of FR VAS score and amount of change in ROM (r = 0.41, P = 0.03). The result of this study suggested that it is necessary to perform FR with a comfortable stimulus on the dominant leg to maximize the effect of FR.
泡沫滚动(FR)是一种易于执行的自我保健活动，可改善受伤患者的活动范围。然而，即使FR在相同的强度下进行，感觉也因患者而异。此外，FR影响对侧。这种现象被称为交叉教育。因此，本研究的主要目的是研究FR敏感性与FR疗效之间的关系。次要目的是确定FR强度感知如何影响交叉教育。本研究采用视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)计算FR敏感性。使用测试前到测试后ROM和VAS变化量之间的相关性来评估FR敏感性影响的差异。本研究的实验程序首先测量左腿和右腿的踝关节背屈活动范围(ROM)。测量后立即随机选取一条腿进行3组FR。参与者在每个FR干预组的休息期间为每组FR填写VAS。3组FR后立即测量左、右腿的ROM。组间比较采用双向重复测量方差分析。因此，双因素方差分析未显示组间效应(F = 0.003, P = 0.95)或交互效应(F = 2.28, P = 0.14)。在合同中，时间有显著影响(F = 39.65, P = 0.001)。[优势腿]PRE: 19.7±7.6°Post: 22.2±7.3°P = 0.001 Δ = 0.33。[非优势腿]PRE: 20.0±7.8°POST: 21.6±7.8°P = 0.01， Δ = 0.21)。另一方面，使用Pearson相关系数对ROM变化量与VAS之间的相关性进行分析。结果，3dr组FR VAS评分与ROM变化量呈显著负相关(r = -0.38, P = 0.04)。第三组FR VAS评分与ROM变化量呈非优势腿显著相关(r = 0.41, P = 0.03)。本研究结果表明，有必要在主腿上进行舒适的刺激，以最大限度地发挥FR的效果。
{"title":"Effect of Different Foam Rolling Sensitivities on the Amount of Change in Range of Motion: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Hiroto Kobune, Yoshiaki Kubo, Yasushi Fukuda, Yuto Matsuura, Takeyuki Kato, Koji Koyama","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.3.5.93","url":null,"abstract":"Foam rolling (FR) is an easy-to-perform self-care activity to improve the range of motion in patients with injuries. However, even if FR is performed at the same intensity, the feeling differs depending on the patient. In addition, FR affects the contralateral side. This phenomenon is called cross education. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between FR sensitivities and FR efficacy. The secondary purpose was to determine how FR intensity perception influences cross education. In this study, FR sensitivity was calculated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The difference in the effect of FR sensitivity was evaluated using the correlation between the amount of change in PRE-test to POST- test ROM and VAS. The experimental procedure in this study first measures ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) on the left and right leg. Immediately after measurement, 3sets of FR were performed on one random leg. Participants wrote the VAS of FR for each set during the rest period of each FR intervention set. Immediately after 3 sets of FR, the ROM was measured in the left and right legs. Statistical analysis performed Two-way repeated measures ANOVA in group comparison. As a result, two-way ANOVA did not show a significant effect of group (F = 0.003, P = 0.95) or interaction effect (F = 2.28, P = 0.14). In contract, time had a significant effect (F = 39.65, P = 0.001). Post hoc result in [Dominant leg] PRE: 19.7 ± 7.6° POST: 22.2 ± 7.3° P = 0.001 Δ = 0.33. [Non-dominant leg] PRE: 20.0 ± 7.8° POST: 21.6 ± 7.8° P = 0.01, Δ = 0.21). On the other hand, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for the correlation between the amount of change in ROM and VAS. As a result, a dominant leg significant negative correlation was observed between the 3dr set of FR VAS score and the amount of change in ROM (r = -0.38, P = 0.04). Non-dominant leg significant correlations were observed third set of FR VAS score and amount of change in ROM (r = 0.41, P = 0.03). The result of this study suggested that it is necessary to perform FR with a comfortable stimulus on the dominant leg to maximize the effect of FR.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88693786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.90
J. O Brien, Declan Browne, Des Earls, C. Lodge
The aim of this study was to investigate the desired number of repetitions required to maintain a consistent maximum power output of concentric, eccentric, and eccentric overload in a flywheel Romanian deadlift (FW RDL). Fourteen male recreational athletes (27.9 ± 6.4 years old, 90 ± 10.7 kg, 180.7 ± 5.5 cm tall) participated in the study. They had a minimum of two years resistance training experience, but none of them had any experience in flywheel inertia training (FIT). The participants performed FW RDL on an FW device (kBox 3, Exxentric, ABTM, Bromma, Sweden). Each participant attended a single test session. The testing session consisted of four sets of 14 repetitions of the RDL. Both the first and second repetitions of each set were used to ‘increase momentum’ and were excluded from data analysis. Each set incorporated different inertial loads. The order of inertial load settings was randomised for each participant. A five-minute inter-set rest period was given to allow the cessation of any fatigue effects and to enable adequate recovery. During the repetition analysis, a ≥ 20% drop in value from the preceding repetition was used as a cut-off point and recorded. The optimal number of repetitions required to maintain peak concentric and eccentric power was between 10 and 11, whereas 6 to 8 repetitions is advised to maintain eccentric overload.
{"title":"Investigation into the Optimal Number of Repetitions Needed to Maintain Power Output in the Flywheel Romanian Deadlift Exercise","authors":"J. O Brien, Declan Browne, Des Earls, C. Lodge","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.90","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the desired number of repetitions required to maintain a consistent maximum power output of concentric, eccentric, and eccentric overload in a flywheel Romanian deadlift (FW RDL). Fourteen male recreational athletes (27.9 ± 6.4 years old, 90 ± 10.7 kg, 180.7 ± 5.5 cm tall) participated in the study. They had a minimum of two years resistance training experience, but none of them had any experience in flywheel inertia training (FIT). The participants performed FW RDL on an FW device (kBox 3, Exxentric, ABTM, Bromma, Sweden). Each participant attended a single test session. The testing session consisted of four sets of 14 repetitions of the RDL. Both the first and second repetitions of each set were used to ‘increase momentum’ and were excluded from data analysis. Each set incorporated different inertial loads. The order of inertial load settings was randomised for each participant. A five-minute inter-set rest period was given to allow the cessation of any fatigue effects and to enable adequate recovery. During the repetition analysis, a ≥ 20% drop in value from the preceding repetition was used as a cut-off point and recorded. The optimal number of repetitions required to maintain peak concentric and eccentric power was between 10 and 11, whereas 6 to 8 repetitions is advised to maintain eccentric overload.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83572228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.91
W. Tokarski, Antonis Tosounidis, Georgios F. Zarotis
Health is at the top of the social value hierarchies in western industrialized countries. It enables people to actively participate in social processes. In the course of industrialization, humans have been formally educated to be sedentary. The trend towards passivity and predominantly sedentary activities during working hours has resulted in an increase in health problems in the chronic-degenerative field. Curative medicine is reaching its limits with these diseases. In order to achieve an improvement in the health situation, it is necessary to make personal lifestyles more health oriented. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the need for health and the prevention through fitness sports in today's society, in order to create recommendations for action. The methodology used in this study was a review of the relevant literature. In analysing various research findings, it was discovered that essential to health promotion is preventive orientation and turning towards health instead of focusing on disease. The concept of health promotion complements the previously dominant concept of disease prevention, with the goal of increased prevention and active mobilization of all health-supporting influencing factors. The importance of health promotion is emphasized in the sense of moving away from a perspective of health education and prevention oriented only to pathogenesis and to risks and risk factors. Health promotion includes all strategies and measures that positively influence health and this in turn also includes prevention in all its stages as well as disease treatment. There is sufficient evidence that exercise and sport have positive effects on health and well-being; this goes as far as living longer, but at least leads to a better quality of life in old age. Prevention through exercise and sport therefore needs to be brought more into awareness, at all levels: among politicians, among employers and employees, among families, teachers, and caregivers, among younger and older people. Modern fitness sports can play an important and central role in this context for the future. Fitness facilities represent ideal venues for prevention in this regard. One of the most striking features of the fitness market is the permanent development and renewal of fitness sport and its framework conditions - and thus of sport in general. Last but not least, this also sets lifestyle standards that influence value schemes and health behaviour: health, body behaviour and prevention.
{"title":"Need for Health and Prevention through Fitness Sports","authors":"W. Tokarski, Antonis Tosounidis, Georgios F. Zarotis","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.91","url":null,"abstract":"Health is at the top of the social value hierarchies in western industrialized countries. It enables people to actively participate in social processes. In the course of industrialization, humans have been formally educated to be sedentary. The trend towards passivity and predominantly sedentary activities during working hours has resulted in an increase in health problems in the chronic-degenerative field. Curative medicine is reaching its limits with these diseases. In order to achieve an improvement in the health situation, it is necessary to make personal lifestyles more health oriented. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the need for health and the prevention through fitness sports in today's society, in order to create recommendations for action. The methodology used in this study was a review of the relevant literature. In analysing various research findings, it was discovered that essential to health promotion is preventive orientation and turning towards health instead of focusing on disease. The concept of health promotion complements the previously dominant concept of disease prevention, with the goal of increased prevention and active mobilization of all health-supporting influencing factors. The importance of health promotion is emphasized in the sense of moving away from a perspective of health education and prevention oriented only to pathogenesis and to risks and risk factors. Health promotion includes all strategies and measures that positively influence health and this in turn also includes prevention in all its stages as well as disease treatment. There is sufficient evidence that exercise and sport have positive effects on health and well-being; this goes as far as living longer, but at least leads to a better quality of life in old age. Prevention through exercise and sport therefore needs to be brought more into awareness, at all levels: among politicians, among employers and employees, among families, teachers, and caregivers, among younger and older people. Modern fitness sports can play an important and central role in this context for the future. Fitness facilities represent ideal venues for prevention in this regard. One of the most striking features of the fitness market is the permanent development and renewal of fitness sport and its framework conditions - and thus of sport in general. Last but not least, this also sets lifestyle standards that influence value schemes and health behaviour: health, body behaviour and prevention.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86871638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.88
C. Losty, S. Sreenivas
Purpose: Horse racing is one of the only sports in the world where males and females complete alongside each other, however female jockeys represent a small minority with the horse racing community. Insight into the unique stressors female jockeys encounter may provide sport science specialists and researchers with a greater awareness of the influencing aspects towards their stressors and specific supports they need. The primary aim of this study was to explore the unique stressors and coping strategies of female jockeys. Design: Semi-structured interviewed were conducted with ten female jockeys. Findings: The results found distinctive female stressors, such as a perceived limited timeframe for careers, lack of momentum, lack of control over their career and males being chosen over females to race ride. Bespoke female coping strategies were also identified, such as social support, wellbeing strategies and reflection on stressful experiences. No single coping strategy was identified. Practical implications: A valuable recommendation should be to interpret new data into applied, bespoke, best practice guidelines, and thus educate jockeys and service providers to enable, educate and support female jockeys to cope with performance and environmental stressors. Originality/value: This study fills a significant gap in the existing literature. Research relating to female jockeys is incredibly limited.
{"title":"Jump Girls-Female Jockey's Unique Stressors and Coping Strategies","authors":"C. Losty, S. Sreenivas","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.88","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Horse racing is one of the only sports in the world where males and females complete alongside each other, however female jockeys represent a small minority with the horse racing community. Insight into the unique stressors female jockeys encounter may provide sport science specialists and researchers with a greater awareness of the influencing aspects towards their stressors and specific supports they need. The primary aim of this study was to explore the unique stressors and coping strategies of female jockeys.\u0000Design: Semi-structured interviewed were conducted with ten female jockeys.\u0000Findings: The results found distinctive female stressors, such as a perceived limited timeframe for careers, lack of momentum, lack of control over their career and males being chosen over females to race ride. Bespoke female coping strategies were also identified, such as social support, wellbeing strategies and reflection on stressful experiences. No single coping strategy was identified.\u0000Practical implications: A valuable recommendation should be to interpret new data into applied, bespoke, best practice guidelines, and thus educate jockeys and service providers to enable, educate and support female jockeys to cope with performance and environmental stressors.\u0000Originality/value: This study fills a significant gap in the existing literature. Research relating to female jockeys is incredibly limited.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77796882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.87
S. Senanayake, R. Maddumage, K. G. D. A. Karunanayake, Shiromi P. P. DeAlwis, Kershana Ganeshamurthi, Shani A. Goonesekera
Rowing requires high physiological demand with metabolic contribution from both aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways. Hence VO2 Maxmeasurement is the most important physiological factor affecting rowing performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary fitness states of National rowers, National youth rowers, and rowers from General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU), Sri Lanka who are at three different age categories and thereby to get a glimpse into the prospects of rowing in Sri Lanka. Twenty male and twenty-seven female rowers from the three groups were recruited and all the subjects performed incremental exercise tests on a Concept II rowing ergometer. All three groups achieved a heart rate of more than 90% of predicted. The best oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) was achieved by male youth rowers (15.52 L/min) followed by KDU rowers (14.53 L/min) and national rowers (11.48 L/min). Youth male rowers had the best delivery of oxygen which is 97.6% predicted. The highest average VO2 Max value obtained by male youth rowers was 43.84 ml/min/kg (87.5 % of the prediction of VO2). KDU male rowers achieved a VO2 Max of 40.33 ml/min/kg which is higher, than the national rowers with a VO2 Max of 36.23 ml/min/kg. The highest mean VO2 Max among females was 30.43 ml/min/kg (76% of the predicted) achieved by national rowers. Female KDU rowers achieved the lowest VO2 Max at 27.03 ml/min/kg (69% of the predicted) and female youth rowers achieved a VO2 Max value of 29.1 ml/min/kg. KDU male rowers had the lowest VO2 at anaerobic threshold (AT) indicating capacity to improve (27.34 ml/min/kg). The highest VO2 at AT among females, (21.65 ml/min/kg) was achieved by youth rowers. National female rowers also showed a VO2 AT of 21.02 ml/min/kg and The KDU female rowers achieved 19.49 ml/min/kg, indicating the need for improvement. Considering the age of national youth rowers and their respective VO2 Max and VO2 AT values, our finding suggests the national rowing federation of Sri Lanka should focus more on youth rowers to improve the future chances to bring international victories to Sri Lanka.
{"title":"A Glimpse into the Future of Rowing in Sri Lanka Through Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)","authors":"S. Senanayake, R. Maddumage, K. G. D. A. Karunanayake, Shiromi P. P. DeAlwis, Kershana Ganeshamurthi, Shani A. Goonesekera","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.87","url":null,"abstract":"Rowing requires high physiological demand with metabolic contribution from both aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways. Hence VO2 Maxmeasurement is the most important physiological factor affecting rowing performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary fitness states of National rowers, National youth rowers, and rowers from General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU), Sri Lanka who are at three different age categories and thereby to get a glimpse into the prospects of rowing in Sri Lanka. Twenty male and twenty-seven female rowers from the three groups were recruited and all the subjects performed incremental exercise tests on a Concept II rowing ergometer. All three groups achieved a heart rate of more than 90% of predicted. The best oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) was achieved by male youth rowers (15.52 L/min) followed by KDU rowers (14.53 L/min) and national rowers (11.48 L/min). Youth male rowers had the best delivery of oxygen which is 97.6% predicted. The highest average VO2 Max value obtained by male youth rowers was 43.84 ml/min/kg (87.5 % of the prediction of VO2). KDU male rowers achieved a VO2 Max of 40.33 ml/min/kg which is higher, than the national rowers with a VO2 Max of 36.23 ml/min/kg. The highest mean VO2 Max among females was 30.43 ml/min/kg (76% of the predicted) achieved by national rowers. Female KDU rowers achieved the lowest VO2 Max at 27.03 ml/min/kg (69% of the predicted) and female youth rowers achieved a VO2 Max value of 29.1 ml/min/kg. KDU male rowers had the lowest VO2 at anaerobic threshold (AT) indicating capacity to improve (27.34 ml/min/kg). The highest VO2 at AT among females, (21.65 ml/min/kg) was achieved by youth rowers. National female rowers also showed a VO2 AT of 21.02 ml/min/kg and The KDU female rowers achieved 19.49 ml/min/kg, indicating the need for improvement. Considering the age of national youth rowers and their respective VO2 Max and VO2 AT values, our finding suggests the national rowing federation of Sri Lanka should focus more on youth rowers to improve the future chances to bring international victories to Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82818409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.89
Yi-Kun Peng, Shih-Chung Cheng
Purpose: was to explore critical determinant factors for beach volleyball winning in elite men's and women's teams. Methods: Python web crawler were implemented to collect attack & defense records of the world beach volleyball world championships for elite men & women beach volleyball games during 2015~2022, including 839 sets from 366 men's matches as well as 840 sets from 367 women's matches. By using classification and regression tree referring to decision tree, binary logistic regression, characteristics of the scoring effectiveness and model of critical determinant winning skills were built accordingly. Findings: (1) attack points, opponent errors and breakpoints were ranked the top 3 determinant skills for winning; (2) breakpoints, attack errors and opponent errors were identified as top 3 crucial factors affecting winning of the games; and (3) results of the decision tree showed that the most critical game winning skills was breakpoints which cover connecting actions of service and block as well as back defense, set and counter attack followed which were collectively called “counter attack”. It is implied that the higher successful rate of counter attacks was secured, the more likely the winning rate to be improved.
{"title":"Analysis of Critical Determinant Factors for Beach Volleyball Winning in Elite Men and Women Teams","authors":"Yi-Kun Peng, Shih-Chung Cheng","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.4.89","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: was to explore critical determinant factors for beach volleyball winning in elite men's and women's teams. Methods: Python web crawler were implemented to collect attack & defense records of the world beach volleyball world championships for elite men & women beach volleyball games during 2015~2022, including 839 sets from 366 men's matches as well as 840 sets from 367 women's matches. By using classification and regression tree referring to decision tree, binary logistic regression, characteristics of the scoring effectiveness and model of critical determinant winning skills were built accordingly. Findings: (1) attack points, opponent errors and breakpoints were ranked the top 3 determinant skills for winning; (2) breakpoints, attack errors and opponent errors were identified as top 3 crucial factors affecting winning of the games; and (3) results of the decision tree showed that the most critical game winning skills was breakpoints which cover connecting actions of service and block as well as back defense, set and counter attack followed which were collectively called “counter attack”. It is implied that the higher successful rate of counter attacks was secured, the more likely the winning rate to be improved.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88488411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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