J. Alexander, Youl Mawéné, J. Alexanders, J. Jeffery, D. Rhodes
BACKGROUND During half time or breaks in play cryotherapy is often applied for analgesia for minor musculoskeletal sport injury, however the effect of cryotherapy on dynamic stability is debated. A risk factor for further lower limb injury may be heightened due to a reduction in dynamic postural stability. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of wetted-ice applied for 20-minutes at the ankle on dynamic stability using the star excursion balance test, immediately-post exposure and over a rewarming period of 30-minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two healthy male athletes that regular took part in land-based sport were assessed on reach directions of Anterior (Ant), Posteromedial (PM), and Posterolateral (PL) using the modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) on the non-dominant limb. Thermal imaging quantified skin surface temperature (Tsk) over lateral and medial regions. Participants were tested pre-intervention, exposed to 15-minutes wetted-ice cryotherapy application, immediately-post and up to 30-minutes post intervention at 10-minute intervals. RESULTS Significant decreases in Tsk over the medial and lateral regions of the ankle (p < 0.05) not returning to pre-cooling temperatures at 30-minutes post. Significant decrease in reach -distance scores (ANT, PL and PM) pre-immediately post and at 10, 20 and 30-minutes post cryotherapy exposure. CONCLUSION Following wetted ice application to the non-dominant ankle, dynamic postural stability was adversely affected for up to 30-minutes post exposure demonstrated through a decrease in reach scores for ANT, PL and PM directions. Functional performance which requires stabilising mechanisms may be negatively affected and contribute to a heightened risk of injury or further injury in consideration of the findings.
{"title":"The Effects of Wetted Ice on Dynamic Stability over a Rewarming Period","authors":"J. Alexander, Youl Mawéné, J. Alexanders, J. Jeffery, D. Rhodes","doi":"10.18276/cej.2023.1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2023.1-02","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND During half time or breaks in play cryotherapy is often applied for analgesia for minor musculoskeletal sport injury, however the effect of cryotherapy on dynamic stability is debated. A risk factor for further lower limb injury may be heightened due to a reduction in dynamic postural stability. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of wetted-ice applied for 20-minutes at the ankle on dynamic stability using the star excursion balance test, immediately-post exposure and over a rewarming period of 30-minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two healthy male athletes that regular took part in land-based sport were assessed on reach directions of Anterior (Ant), Posteromedial (PM), and Posterolateral (PL) using the modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) on the non-dominant limb. Thermal imaging quantified skin surface temperature (Tsk) over lateral and medial regions. Participants were tested pre-intervention, exposed to 15-minutes wetted-ice cryotherapy application, immediately-post and up to 30-minutes post intervention at 10-minute intervals. RESULTS Significant decreases in Tsk over the medial and lateral regions of the ankle (p < 0.05) not returning to pre-cooling temperatures at 30-minutes post. Significant decrease in reach -distance scores (ANT, PL and PM) pre-immediately post and at 10, 20 and 30-minutes post cryotherapy exposure. CONCLUSION Following wetted ice application to the non-dominant ankle, dynamic postural stability was adversely affected for up to 30-minutes post exposure demonstrated through a decrease in reach scores for ANT, PL and PM directions. Functional performance which requires stabilising mechanisms may be negatively affected and contribute to a heightened risk of injury or further injury in consideration of the findings.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68049518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kaczorowska, Magdalena Dajczak, A. Mroczek, Ewelina Lepsy
Background. Short-track speed skaters who regularly participate in training are exposed to the occurrence of asymmetry in the lower limb loading. Objective. The study aimed to assess the symmetry of the lower limb loading in short track skaters and the relationship between age, training experience and anthropometric variables and symmetry of lower limb loading. Methods. The examined group consisted of 20 short-track speed skaters (12 men and 8 women), and the control group comprised 28 university students (14 men and 14 women). Two scales were used to assess the symmetry of lower limb loading, and the lower limb's loading symmetry index (LSI) was calculated. Results. In the studied groups 65% of skaters and 82% of students have LSI within the normal range. Most short-track speed skaters (85%) put weight on the right lower limb, and there was no clear trend among students (p < 0.001). In the group of skaters, the majority of men (83%) properly loaded their lower limbs, compared to 37.5% of women (p = 0.036). In short-track speed skaters, positive correlations were found between LSI and the age and length of training. Conclusions. Long-term asymmetric loading of the lower limbs in short-track speed skaters causes the advantage of the load on the right lower limb and increases the asymmetry of the load on the lower limbs, especially in women.
{"title":"Assessment of Asymmetrical Lower Limb Loading in the Short-Track Speed Skaters","authors":"A. Kaczorowska, Magdalena Dajczak, A. Mroczek, Ewelina Lepsy","doi":"10.18276/cej.2023.1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2023.1-06","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Short-track speed skaters who regularly participate in training are exposed to the occurrence of asymmetry in the lower limb loading. Objective. The study aimed to assess the symmetry of the lower limb loading in short track skaters and the relationship between age, training experience and anthropometric variables and symmetry of lower limb loading. Methods. The examined group consisted of 20 short-track speed skaters (12 men and 8 women), and the control group comprised 28 university students (14 men and 14 women). Two scales were used to assess the symmetry of lower limb loading, and the lower limb's loading symmetry index (LSI) was calculated. Results. In the studied groups 65% of skaters and 82% of students have LSI within the normal range. Most short-track speed skaters (85%) put weight on the right lower limb, and there was no clear trend among students (p < 0.001). In the group of skaters, the majority of men (83%) properly loaded their lower limbs, compared to 37.5% of women (p = 0.036). In short-track speed skaters, positive correlations were found between LSI and the age and length of training. Conclusions. Long-term asymmetric loading of the lower limbs in short-track speed skaters causes the advantage of the load on the right lower limb and increases the asymmetry of the load on the lower limbs, especially in women.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68049843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srutarshi Ghosh, A. Gupta, Dileep Kumar, Sudhir Mishra, G. Yadav, A. K. Agarwal
Objectives: To evaluate changes in Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) parameters in individuals with paraplegia following Partial Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training (PBWSTT). Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility Participants: Adults with chronic SCI (n = 42). Intervention: Patients were randomly allocated in CR group (N= 20) receiving Conventional Rehabilitation or in PBWSTT group (N=22) receiving both Conventional Rehabilitation and PBWSTT for 4 weeks. Main outcome measure(s): Changes in % predicted PFT parameter for the subject’s age, sex and BMI. Results: With PBWSTT, significant PFT changes were VC (P =.009), PEF (p = .001) and ERV (p = .032). In complete SCI, PEF (p = .026) improved, while in incomplete SCI VC (p = .005), ERV (p = .029), PEF( p = .001) improved with PBWSTT. In upper neurological level of injury (NLI) (T6-T11), PBWSTT improved PEF (p = .004) alone while in lower NLI (T12-L2), with PBWSTT both ERV (p = .016) and PEF (p = .035) improved. Conclusions: With added PBWSTT most parameters including Vital Capacity, the global measure of PFT, improved significantly, especially in Lower NLI and incomplete SCI. The positive role of this noninvasive exercise based intervention in improving lung functions comes as an added benefit to the usual benefit of locomotion. This may encourage researchers to design future larger studies to validate it aiming the inclusion of PBWSTT in routine SCI rehabilitation protocols.
{"title":"Pulmonary Function Improves in Persons with Paraplegia after Partial Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training: a Prospective Randomized Study","authors":"Srutarshi Ghosh, A. Gupta, Dileep Kumar, Sudhir Mishra, G. Yadav, A. K. Agarwal","doi":"10.18276/cej.2023.1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2023.1-05","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate changes in Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) parameters in individuals with paraplegia following Partial Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training (PBWSTT). Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility Participants: Adults with chronic SCI (n = 42). Intervention: Patients were randomly allocated in CR group (N= 20) receiving Conventional Rehabilitation or in PBWSTT group (N=22) receiving both Conventional Rehabilitation and PBWSTT for 4 weeks. Main outcome measure(s): Changes in % predicted PFT parameter for the subject’s age, sex and BMI. Results: With PBWSTT, significant PFT changes were VC (P =.009), PEF (p = .001) and ERV (p = .032). In complete SCI, PEF (p = .026) improved, while in incomplete SCI VC (p = .005), ERV (p = .029), PEF( p = .001) improved with PBWSTT. In upper neurological level of injury (NLI) (T6-T11), PBWSTT improved PEF (p = .004) alone while in lower NLI (T12-L2), with PBWSTT both ERV (p = .016) and PEF (p = .035) improved. Conclusions: With added PBWSTT most parameters including Vital Capacity, the global measure of PFT, improved significantly, especially in Lower NLI and incomplete SCI. The positive role of this noninvasive exercise based intervention in improving lung functions comes as an added benefit to the usual benefit of locomotion. This may encourage researchers to design future larger studies to validate it aiming the inclusion of PBWSTT in routine SCI rehabilitation protocols.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68049721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The assessment and comparison of the precision and frequency of movement in épée fencers representing various sport classes, and the determination of the influence of three-year symmetrical and unilateral training on dynamic asymmetry. Material and Methods: The research was conducted in 60 female épée fencers, who were divided into four groups according to the sport class they represent (n= 15). In group I there were medalists of the World and European Championships, in group II - medalist of the Polish Championships. Group III and IV consisted of players who achieved successes at the Warsaw Championships. After three years of symmetrical training, the tests were repeated in groups III and IV. The tests were carried out using the Vienna Test System with the aid of the Motor Performance Series device (S2 test), which allows the assessment of coordination skills in terms of fine motor skills. Results: In the conducted research, significant differences in the asymmetry of the upper limbs in the aiming and tapping tests were found in all data groups. The differences in the tests obtained with the dominant and non-dominant upper limb confirm the greatest dynamic asymmetry in the female fencers from the Masters Class. After three years of symmetrical training in the experimental group and unilateral training in the control group, statistically significant differences were observed in all the trials performed with the dominant and non-dominant upper limb. However, in the experimental group of épée fencers, the dynamic asymmetry in the aiming indicators was lower than in the control group. Conclusions: Dynamic asymmetry in terms of the precision and frequency of movement was recorded in all studied groups. High-class épée fencers were characterized by the most significant difference between the results obtained with the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs, which is the result of long-term unilateral training. The three-year symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive effect on the precision and frequency of movement, however, it did not prevent the occurrence of dynamic asymmetry in the participants. The unilateral training used in the control group further increased the asymmetry of movement in the sportswomen.
{"title":"The Influence of Three-Year Symmetrical Training on the Precision and Frequency of the Fencers’ Movement","authors":"Monika Johne","doi":"10.18276/cej.2023.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2023.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The assessment and comparison of the precision and frequency of movement in épée fencers representing various sport classes, and the determination of the influence of three-year symmetrical and unilateral training on dynamic asymmetry. Material and Methods: The research was conducted in 60 female épée fencers, who were divided into four groups according to the sport class they represent (n= 15). In group I there were medalists of the World and European Championships, in group II - medalist of the Polish Championships. Group III and IV consisted of players who achieved successes at the Warsaw Championships. After three years of symmetrical training, the tests were repeated in groups III and IV. The tests were carried out using the Vienna Test System with the aid of the Motor Performance Series device (S2 test), which allows the assessment of coordination skills in terms of fine motor skills. Results: In the conducted research, significant differences in the asymmetry of the upper limbs in the aiming and tapping tests were found in all data groups. The differences in the tests obtained with the dominant and non-dominant upper limb confirm the greatest dynamic asymmetry in the female fencers from the Masters Class. After three years of symmetrical training in the experimental group and unilateral training in the control group, statistically significant differences were observed in all the trials performed with the dominant and non-dominant upper limb. However, in the experimental group of épée fencers, the dynamic asymmetry in the aiming indicators was lower than in the control group. Conclusions: Dynamic asymmetry in terms of the precision and frequency of movement was recorded in all studied groups. High-class épée fencers were characterized by the most significant difference between the results obtained with the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs, which is the result of long-term unilateral training. The three-year symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive effect on the precision and frequency of movement, however, it did not prevent the occurrence of dynamic asymmetry in the participants. The unilateral training used in the control group further increased the asymmetry of movement in the sportswomen.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68049355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.48
I. Purnamasari, M. F. Febrianty, D. Mulyana, N. Hidayah, Geraldi Novian, Sanabela C. Putri
Judo is a competitive sport that requires aspects of physical condition as a determining factor for judo performance. Functional training is a training method that can support the improvement of physical condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Functional Exercise on arm muscle endurance, leg muscle endurance, aerobic capacity, and body mass index. The participants were female judoka athletes in Bogor aged 11 to 15 years and male judoka athletes aged 12 to 16 who were actively practicing and had a minimum kyu level of 5. The duration of the study was 16 meetings held 3 times a week. The method used is experimental. The instruments used were a one-minute push-up test, a one-minute sit-up test, multi-stage fitness, and measuring body weight and height. Functional training exercises have an effect on increasing arm muscle strength, there is no significant increase in leg muscle strength and aerobic capacity, and Body Mass Index Improvement using functional training methods can support judo performance from the training stage to the training stage.
{"title":"Functional Training: Effect on Arm Muscle Endurance, Leg Muscle Endurance, Aerobic Capacity and Body Mass Index at the Judoka in the Train-to-Train Stage","authors":"I. Purnamasari, M. F. Febrianty, D. Mulyana, N. Hidayah, Geraldi Novian, Sanabela C. Putri","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.48","url":null,"abstract":"Judo is a competitive sport that requires aspects of physical condition as a determining factor for judo performance. Functional training is a training method that can support the improvement of physical condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Functional Exercise on arm muscle endurance, leg muscle endurance, aerobic capacity, and body mass index. The participants were female judoka athletes in Bogor aged 11 to 15 years and male judoka athletes aged 12 to 16 who were actively practicing and had a minimum kyu level of 5. The duration of the study was 16 meetings held 3 times a week. The method used is experimental. The instruments used were a one-minute push-up test, a one-minute sit-up test, multi-stage fitness, and measuring body weight and height. Functional training exercises have an effect on increasing arm muscle strength, there is no significant increase in leg muscle strength and aerobic capacity, and Body Mass Index Improvement using functional training methods can support judo performance from the training stage to the training stage.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76540758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.50
Mikayla Thielges, Chad E. Smith
Warm-ups are an essential element of exercise and sport performance. Although research has demonstrated benefits associated with active warm-ups, research investigating the effects of a passive warm-up on subsequent performance is limited. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of an active, post-activation potentiation (PAP) warm-up to a passive warm-up on vertical jump performance. Study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each group performed both the active and passive warm-ups, in reverse order, to control for order effect. Participants in this study consisted of 20 college students (men and women) between the ages of 18 and 35 years who were well-trained and anaerobically fit. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant main effect difference in vertical jump measures (F=16.148, p<0.001). Further analysis of the results demonstrated that between the three treatments tested, control, active, passive, there was a statically significant difference between the active warm-up when compared to both the passive and control warm-ups (p=0.004; p<0.001). The results also indicated that there was practical significance between the active and passive treatment as well as the control group (partial eta squared=0.459). In conclusion, an active warm-up prior to vertical jump testing appears to be superior to a passive warm-up. Physiologically the body may perform better following dynamic movements rather than through a passive increase in intramuscular temperature. Prior to athletic events, we recommend athletes perform warm-ups utilizing dynamic movements rather than using a heating system alone.
{"title":"Comparison of an Active Warm-Up vs. Passive Warm-Up on Vertical Jump Performance","authors":"Mikayla Thielges, Chad E. Smith","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.50","url":null,"abstract":"Warm-ups are an essential element of exercise and sport performance. Although research has demonstrated benefits associated with active warm-ups, research investigating the effects of a passive warm-up on subsequent performance is limited. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of an active, post-activation potentiation (PAP) warm-up to a passive warm-up on vertical jump performance.\u0000Study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each group performed both the active and passive warm-ups, in reverse order, to control for order effect. Participants in this study consisted of 20 college students (men and women) between the ages of 18 and 35 years who were well-trained and anaerobically fit.\u0000A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant main effect difference in vertical jump measures (F=16.148, p<0.001). Further analysis of the results demonstrated that between the three treatments tested, control, active, passive, there was a statically significant difference between the active warm-up when compared to both the passive and control warm-ups (p=0.004; p<0.001). The results also indicated that there was practical significance between the active and passive treatment as well as the control group (partial eta squared=0.459).\u0000In conclusion, an active warm-up prior to vertical jump testing appears to be superior to a passive warm-up. Physiologically the body may perform better following dynamic movements rather than through a passive increase in intramuscular temperature. Prior to athletic events, we recommend athletes perform warm-ups utilizing dynamic movements rather than using a heating system alone.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"2673 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73970459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.44
P. Vinken, Lia Berneiwtz
Object’s, observer’s, and the context’s characteristics contribute to the aesthetic perception of motor skills. Whether non-biological and biological objects are perceived similarly or differently when based upon the same motor stimuli remains open. Different gradations of body angles within gymnastic body postures and their corresponding figural shapes are investigated in relation to the aesthetic perception of observers with different sensory-motor experiences. Results indicate that observers’ aesthetic perception scores of body postures increase the larger the split angle, while observers’ aesthetic perception scores of figural shapes interact with observer group and stimuli gradation. The observer’s different sensory-motor experiences seem less related to the aesthetic perception of body postures than to the aesthetic perception figural shapes. Although the overall shape of body postures and figural shapes is the same, additional perceptual and contextual information within and beyond those stimuli seem to be related to an observer’s aesthetic perception.
{"title":"On the Aesthetic Perception of Gymnastic Body Postures and Their Corresponding Figural Shapes","authors":"P. Vinken, Lia Berneiwtz","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.44","url":null,"abstract":"Object’s, observer’s, and the context’s characteristics contribute to the aesthetic perception of motor skills. Whether non-biological and biological objects are perceived similarly or differently when based upon the same motor stimuli remains open. Different gradations of body angles within gymnastic body postures and their corresponding figural shapes are investigated in relation to the aesthetic perception of observers with different sensory-motor experiences. Results indicate that observers’ aesthetic perception scores of body postures increase the larger the split angle, while observers’ aesthetic perception scores of figural shapes interact with observer group and stimuli gradation. The observer’s different sensory-motor experiences seem less related to the aesthetic perception of body postures than to the aesthetic perception figural shapes. Although the overall shape of body postures and figural shapes is the same, additional perceptual and contextual information within and beyond those stimuli seem to be related to an observer’s aesthetic perception.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"37 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72470505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.40
Thiago G. Gibson Alves, Ana P. R. Sierra, R. Moraes Ferreira, M. Brandao-Rangel, A. Silva-Reis, T. A. de Lima, L. V. D. de Oliveira, Maria F. C. Boaventura, R. Albertini, A. Bachi, R. Vieira
This study investigated the influence of the marathon on lung function, mechanics, and pulmonary inflammation. Twenty-eight male amateur marathon runners (42.1±6.2 years) were evaluated before and immediately after marathon. Pulmonary function and mechanics were assessed using spirometry and impulse oscillometry, respectively, whereas fatigue of the respiratory muscles by manovacuometry and lung inflammation by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Marathon induced a significant reduction in the lung function as compared to baseline values: FVC (4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62, p=0.0095), VC IN (4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62, p=0.009), FEV1 (3.83±0.62 vs 3.72±0.59, p=0.0232), and FEV6 (4.87±0.68 vs 4.57±0.63, p=0.0006), as well as an impairment in the lung mechanics in comparison to baseline values: reduced pulmonary impedance (Z5Hz; 2.96±1.36 vs 2.67±1.11; p=0.0305), reduced resistance of the whole respiratory system (R5Hz; 2.76±1.27 vs 2.5±1.08; p=0.0388) and pulmonary reactance (X5Hz; -1.05±0.55 vs -0.91±0.36; p=0.0101) and of resistance of proximal airways (R5Hz; 1.26±0.73 vs 1.06±0.86; p= 0.0377). In addition, maximal inspiratory (MIP; 94.14±41.88 vs 72.52±25.50; p=0.0023) and expiratory (MEP; 99.31±31.84 vs 91.29±19.94; p=0.0454) pressures, as well as FeNO levels were lower after the marathon than values pre-marathon (p=0.0359). Marathon running causes an acute disturbance in lung function and mechanics and compromises respiratory muscle strength.
本研究探讨了马拉松对肺功能、力学和肺部炎症的影响。对28名男性业余马拉松运动员(42.1±6.2岁)进行赛前和赛后评价。分别使用肺活量测定法和脉冲振荡法评估肺功能和力学，而通过压力测量法评估呼吸肌疲劳，通过分数呼气一氧化氮(FeNO)评估肺部炎症。与基线值相比，马拉松导致肺功能显著降低:FVC(4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62,p=0.0095)， VC in(4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62,p=0.009)， FEV1(3.83±0.62 vs 3.72±0.59,p=0.0232)， FEV6(4.87±0.68 vs 4.57±0.63,p=0.0006)，以及肺力学损伤与基线值相比:肺阻抗降低(Z5Hz;2.96±1.36 vs 2.67±1.11;p=0.0305)，全呼吸系统阻力降低(R5Hz;2.76±1.27 vs 2.5±1.08;p=0.0388)和肺电抗(X5Hz;-1.05±0.55 vs -0.91±0.36;p=0.0101)和近端气道阻力(R5Hz;1.26±0.73 vs 1.06±0.86;p = 0.0377)。此外，最大吸气量(MIP;94.14±41.88 vs 72.52±25.50;p=0.0023)和呼气(MEP;99.31±31.84 vs 91.29±19.94;p=0.0454)血压，马拉松后FeNO水平低于马拉松前(p=0.0359)。马拉松跑步会导致肺功能和力学的急性紊乱，并损害呼吸肌的力量。
{"title":"Acute Effects of Marathon Running on Lung Function, Lung Mechanics, and Inflammation","authors":"Thiago G. Gibson Alves, Ana P. R. Sierra, R. Moraes Ferreira, M. Brandao-Rangel, A. Silva-Reis, T. A. de Lima, L. V. D. de Oliveira, Maria F. C. Boaventura, R. Albertini, A. Bachi, R. Vieira","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of the marathon on lung function, mechanics, and pulmonary inflammation. Twenty-eight male amateur marathon runners (42.1±6.2 years) were evaluated before and immediately after marathon. Pulmonary function and mechanics were assessed using spirometry and impulse oscillometry, respectively, whereas fatigue of the respiratory muscles by manovacuometry and lung inflammation by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Marathon induced a significant reduction in the lung function as compared to baseline values: FVC (4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62, p=0.0095), VC IN (4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62, p=0.009), FEV1 (3.83±0.62 vs 3.72±0.59, p=0.0232), and FEV6 (4.87±0.68 vs 4.57±0.63, p=0.0006), as well as an impairment in the lung mechanics in comparison to baseline values: reduced pulmonary impedance (Z5Hz; 2.96±1.36 vs 2.67±1.11; p=0.0305), reduced resistance of the whole respiratory system (R5Hz; 2.76±1.27 vs 2.5±1.08; p=0.0388) and pulmonary reactance (X5Hz; -1.05±0.55 vs -0.91±0.36; p=0.0101) and of resistance of proximal airways (R5Hz; 1.26±0.73 vs 1.06±0.86; p= 0.0377). In addition, maximal inspiratory (MIP; 94.14±41.88 vs 72.52±25.50; p=0.0023) and expiratory (MEP; 99.31±31.84 vs 91.29±19.94; p=0.0454) pressures, as well as FeNO levels were lower after the marathon than values pre-marathon (p=0.0359). Marathon running causes an acute disturbance in lung function and mechanics and compromises respiratory muscle strength.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79172027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.37
Aldo F. Longo, E. Prada, Marcelo L. Cardey, Gustavo D. Aquilino
Heart rate is a conventional indicator of exercise intensity. Diverse studies have reported results of the comparison between the heart rate responses attained during running overground and on a treadmill; non-unanimous conclusions have emerged. The intention of this study was to compare the exercise intensity through heart rate between progressive running tests performed on track and level-grade treadmills. The heart rate responses of twelve highly trained male athletes were analyzed (Age = 24.3±2.7 years). The running protocol had initial and final speeds of 11 km·h−1 and 18 km·h−1, and increments of 0.5 km·h−1 every 200 m. Two tests were performed: on an outdoor 400 m track, and a level-grade motorized treadmill under laboratory conditions. An innovative data analysis approach was proposed, by using a linear mixed-effects model, with the Test and Speed stage and their interaction as fixed factors, and the Subject as a random factor; a suitable correlation structure was also specified. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. The difference between tests was not significant (F = 0.06, p = 0.81). The interaction effect between the Test and Speed stage was also not significant (F = 1.32, p = 0.19). Exercise intensity as measured by heart rate showed similar mean responses in track and level-grade treadmill running across a wide range of speeds in well-trained athletes.
心率是衡量运动强度的常规指标。不同的研究报告了在地上跑步和在跑步机上跑步时心率反应的比较结果;出现了不一致的结论。本研究的目的是通过心率比较在跑道和水平级跑步机上进行的渐进式跑步测试的运动强度。对12名高训练男性运动员(年龄= 24.3±2.7岁)的心率反应进行了分析。跑步方案的初始和最终速度分别为11 km·h−1和18 km·h−1，每200 m增加0.5 km·h−1。进行了两项试验:在室外400米跑道上进行试验，在实验室条件下在平地电动跑步机上进行试验。提出了一种创新的数据分析方法，采用线性混合效应模型，将测试阶段和速度阶段及其相互作用作为固定因素，受试者作为随机因素;并确定了合适的关联结构。差异有统计学意义，p < 0.05。两组间差异无统计学意义(F = 0.06, p = 0.81)。测试阶段与速度阶段的交互作用也不显著(F = 1.32, p = 0.19)。通过心率测量的运动强度显示，训练有素的运动员在跑道和水平级跑步机上在大范围速度下跑步时的平均反应相似。
{"title":"Exercise Intensity in Track and Level-grade Treadmill Running: A Cross-over Longitudinal Study in Well-trained Athletes","authors":"Aldo F. Longo, E. Prada, Marcelo L. Cardey, Gustavo D. Aquilino","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.6.37","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate is a conventional indicator of exercise intensity. Diverse studies have reported results of the comparison between the heart rate responses attained during running overground and on a treadmill; non-unanimous conclusions have emerged. The intention of this study was to compare the exercise intensity through heart rate between progressive running tests performed on track and level-grade treadmills. The heart rate responses of twelve highly trained male athletes were analyzed (Age = 24.3±2.7 years). The running protocol had initial and final speeds of 11 km·h−1 and 18 km·h−1, and increments of 0.5 km·h−1 every 200 m. Two tests were performed: on an outdoor 400 m track, and a level-grade motorized treadmill under laboratory conditions. An innovative data analysis approach was proposed, by using a linear mixed-effects model, with the Test and Speed stage and their interaction as fixed factors, and the Subject as a random factor; a suitable correlation structure was also specified. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. The difference between tests was not significant (F = 0.06, p = 0.81). The interaction effect between the Test and Speed stage was also not significant (F = 1.32, p = 0.19). Exercise intensity as measured by heart rate showed similar mean responses in track and level-grade treadmill running across a wide range of speeds in well-trained athletes.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91245539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.5.34
Oana-Alina Sofron, Corina Țifrea
DanceSport is a mix between art and sport as it combines an elaborate way of communicating the artistic movement fully synchronized to the character of the melodic line and the competitive character. This special activity is in a continuous transformation through the evolution of technical nature and complexity of dance elements/dance figures, with regulations that constantly adapt to the present time and society, constantly offering an amazing show. The purpose of the research is to structure the DanceSport judging systems, the problems that have arisen over the years and the changes that took place regarding the evaluation of dancers. The evolution of the judging systems and the criteria reflect the evolution of dancers over time, an evolution that became vital because of the technical/artistic nature of transformation and also, because of the complexity of the choreographies or dance routines.
{"title":"The Dancesport Judging System and Its Evolution at National and International Level","authors":"Oana-Alina Sofron, Corina Țifrea","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.5.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.5.34","url":null,"abstract":"DanceSport is a mix between art and sport as it combines an elaborate way of communicating the artistic movement fully synchronized to the character of the melodic line and the competitive character. This special activity is in a continuous transformation through the evolution of technical nature and complexity of dance elements/dance figures, with regulations that constantly adapt to the present time and society, constantly offering an amazing show.\u0000The purpose of the research is to structure the DanceSport judging systems, the problems that have arisen over the years and the changes that took place regarding the evaluation of dancers.\u0000The evolution of the judging systems and the criteria reflect the evolution of dancers over time, an evolution that became vital because of the technical/artistic nature of transformation and also, because of the complexity of the choreographies or dance routines.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78801783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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