Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.68
S. Iwamoto, Masako Ohta, Ayako Ito
This case study presented information on a female athlete who did not match the trends observed (anthropometry and energy intake) in previous female athlete triad studies. The participant had amenorrhea and joined our research project at 19 years of age. This case study focused on the participant’s personal history related to diet and practice since she started long-distance running until this study through interviews. It explored her approach to decision-making and her behavior regarding running during her high-school days. The response to oral medication treatment for menarche, which started in her first year of college, was also examined. This practical case study observed the participant in detail to obtain easily comprehensible real-life health-related data on female athletes and the significance of proper athletic conditioning education from a young age.
{"title":"Case Study on the Long-Term Recovery Process of a Woman Experiencing Amenorrhea in Long-Distance Running","authors":"S. Iwamoto, Masako Ohta, Ayako Ito","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.68","url":null,"abstract":"This case study presented information on a female athlete who did not match the trends observed (anthropometry and energy intake) in previous female athlete triad studies. The participant had amenorrhea and joined our research project at 19 years of age. This case study focused on the participant’s personal history related to diet and practice since she started long-distance running until this study through interviews. It explored her approach to decision-making and her behavior regarding running during her high-school days. The response to oral medication treatment for menarche, which started in her first year of college, was also examined. This practical case study observed the participant in detail to obtain easily comprehensible real-life health-related data on female athletes and the significance of proper athletic conditioning education from a young age.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76682294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.53
Dimitrios Kyritsopoulos, Ioannis Athanailidis, N. Digelidis
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Reciprocal Teaching Style (hereinafter R.T.S.), in basic strokes of tennis, such as forehand, backhand and service, and at the same time to investigate whether it affects the development of motor skills. The first part of the research consisted of 102 children aged 14-15 years with no previous experience in Tennis. There were held 12 lessons for the first two strokes (forehand and backhand) and then 8 lessons for the service to students in 6 classes of third -grade Junior High School students in 2 different schools. The sample members were divided into two groups (experimental and control), and the data were processed in the statistical program IBM SPSS 24 using the t-test for independent samples before and after the intervention with a significance level of (p <.05). The survey showed that the performance of the participants was improved in tennis in the forehand, backhand and service in both teams (especially in the E.G.), after finding a statistically significant difference in the scores (increasing the mean of consecutive strokes and accuracy). In the second part of the research, the sample consisted of 408 students aged 12-15, 204 students in High Schools of the Municipalities of Tanagra and Chalkida, as well as 204 from tennis clubs of the Municipalities of Larissa, Chalkida and Thebes. A detailed plan of one hour reciprocal teaching was applied to the 3 main aforementioned tennis strokes and at the end the participants were given as a measuring tool, anonymously and confidentially the questionnaire of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) by McAuley et al. (1989). Data processing in IBM SPSS 24 via one-way variance analysis (One-Way Anova) gave the results: There is a statistically significant difference between the first-grade and second-grade High School classes in the effort which is due to a systematic factor and the pleasure, the perceived ability, the pressure, the attitude / opinion towards tennis, the intention to try tennis and the physical activity are influenced by the highest level of education completed by the father.
{"title":"Evaluation of the reciprocal teaching style in tennis","authors":"Dimitrios Kyritsopoulos, Ioannis Athanailidis, N. Digelidis","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.53","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Reciprocal Teaching Style (hereinafter R.T.S.), in basic strokes of tennis, such as forehand, backhand and service, and at the same time to investigate whether it affects the development of motor skills. The first part of the research consisted of 102 children aged 14-15 years with no previous experience in Tennis. There were held 12 lessons for the first two strokes (forehand and backhand) and then 8 lessons for the service to students in 6 classes of third -grade Junior High School students in 2 different schools. The sample members were divided into two groups (experimental and control), and the data were processed in the statistical program IBM SPSS 24 using the t-test for independent samples before and after the intervention with a significance level of (p <.05). The survey showed that the performance of the participants was improved in tennis in the forehand, backhand and service in both teams (especially in the E.G.), after finding a statistically significant difference in the scores (increasing the mean of consecutive strokes and accuracy). In the second part of the research, the sample consisted of 408 students aged 12-15, 204 students in High Schools of the Municipalities of Tanagra and Chalkida, as well as 204 from tennis clubs of the Municipalities of Larissa, Chalkida and Thebes. A detailed plan of one hour reciprocal teaching was applied to the 3 main aforementioned tennis strokes and at the end the participants were given as a measuring tool, anonymously and confidentially the questionnaire of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) by McAuley et al. (1989). Data processing in IBM SPSS 24 via one-way variance analysis (One-Way Anova) gave the results: There is a statistically significant difference between the first-grade and second-grade High School classes in the effort which is due to a systematic factor and the pleasure, the perceived ability, the pressure, the attitude / opinion towards tennis, the intention to try tennis and the physical activity are influenced by the highest level of education completed by the father.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85330849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-11DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.58
R. Pilz-Burstein, Hilla Klein-Grufi, Dina Yakobian, M. Arnon
The growing evidence favoring the positive effect of exercise on cognition is mostly based on men participants (75%). We therefore exposed females and males to acute exercise and evaluated gender cognitive response to this intervention. Thirty- two adults (M=17; F=15) ages 18-34 participated in the study. The exercise consisted of ten repetitions: 10 seconds sprints at maximal speed, followed by 50 seconds active recovery. Stroop test (ST) 1-3; Trail-making test (TMT) 1-2; Word fluency were evaluated prior to; immediately post exercise; and at 45’ recovery. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (three test points X 2 gender groups) was used to test the effect of exercise on cognitive performance. All participants reached close to maximal heart rates at the end of the 10th sprint round. Stroop 1- 2 results improved for both males and females from pre to post exercise (p<0.01). After 45’ males returned to pre-exercise while females retained high values. For Stroop 3 both genders improved from pre to post (p<0.01) and retained high values after 45’. For TMT-1 males showed no response while females’ results improved immediately and at 45’ post intervention (p<0.01). For TMT-2 both genders improved after exercise (p<0.01); however, only females continued improving at 45’ recovery. Word fluency was positively affected by exercise in males only. Acute bout of exercise has a positive immediate effect on cognitive performance both in males and females; whereas males returned to pre-intervention values at 45’ min recovery, females retained the positive effect of exercise also after 45 minutes.
{"title":"Cognitive Function in Response to an Acute, High Intensity Exercise-Does Gender Plays a Role?","authors":"R. Pilz-Burstein, Hilla Klein-Grufi, Dina Yakobian, M. Arnon","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.58","url":null,"abstract":"The growing evidence favoring the positive effect of exercise on cognition is mostly based on men participants (75%). We therefore exposed females and males to acute exercise and evaluated gender cognitive response to this intervention.\u0000Thirty- two adults (M=17; F=15) ages 18-34 participated in the study. The exercise consisted of ten repetitions: 10 seconds sprints at maximal speed, followed by 50 seconds active recovery. Stroop test (ST) 1-3; Trail-making test (TMT) 1-2; Word fluency were evaluated prior to; immediately post exercise; and at 45’ recovery. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (three test points X 2 gender groups) was used to test the effect of exercise on cognitive performance.\u0000All participants reached close to maximal heart rates at the end of the 10th sprint round. Stroop 1- 2 results improved for both males and females from pre to post exercise (p<0.01). After 45’ males returned to pre-exercise while females retained high values. For Stroop 3 both genders improved from pre to post (p<0.01) and retained high values after 45’. For TMT-1 males showed no response while females’ results improved immediately and at 45’ post intervention (p<0.01). For TMT-2 both genders improved after exercise (p<0.01); however, only females continued improving at 45’ recovery. Word fluency was positively affected by exercise in males only.\u0000Acute bout of exercise has a positive immediate effect on cognitive performance both in males and females; whereas males returned to pre-intervention values at 45’ min recovery, females retained the positive effect of exercise also after 45 minutes.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85859918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.49
S. Ogoh, A. Oue, Hironori Watanabe, Shotaro Saito, Kento Dora, N. Ogoh, Maki Osuga, Tetsuya Hasegawa, K. Katayama
This study evaluated the time-to-time aerobic and anaerobic exercise intensities, calculated using the Global Positioning System (GPS), using laboratory measurements of individual physical fitness throughout the game in each female youth football player. In addition, we examine if the anaerobic exercise index calculated by only GPS data presents this evaluation to examine its validity. In the laboratory, the oxygen uptake (V̇O2) matched with moving speed was identified during an incremental exercise test on the treadmill, and the ventilatory (anaerobic) threshold was also analysed to identify individual aerobic and anaerobic exercise intensities. Using these laboratory data, time-to-time changes in individual relative running intensity (aerobic and anaerobic) were visualised from individual GPS data during a football game, and an individual’s sprint output (ability) during the game was evaluated. An index of running intensity and the percentage of anaerobic exercise over the game provided by the GPS software (equivalent distance index [%EDI] and anaerobic index [AI]) did not present the actual individual exercise intensity (ICC(2,1), absolute agreement=−0.031; P=0.596) and percentage of anaerobic exercise (ICC(2,1), absolute agreement=−0.003; P=0.698) values during the game, respectively. These findings suggest that only GPS measurement cannot present the individual actual exercise intensity during a football game because of different individual fitness levels to the same running speed.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Change in the Physical Output in Female Youth Football Players During a Game","authors":"S. Ogoh, A. Oue, Hironori Watanabe, Shotaro Saito, Kento Dora, N. Ogoh, Maki Osuga, Tetsuya Hasegawa, K. Katayama","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the time-to-time aerobic and anaerobic exercise intensities, calculated using the Global Positioning System (GPS), using laboratory measurements of individual physical fitness throughout the game in each female youth football player. In addition, we examine if the anaerobic exercise index calculated by only GPS data presents this evaluation to examine its validity. In the laboratory, the oxygen uptake (V̇O2) matched with moving speed was identified during an incremental exercise test on the treadmill, and the ventilatory (anaerobic) threshold was also analysed to identify individual aerobic and anaerobic exercise intensities. Using these laboratory data, time-to-time changes in individual relative running intensity (aerobic and anaerobic) were visualised from individual GPS data during a football game, and an individual’s sprint output (ability) during the game was evaluated. An index of running intensity and the percentage of anaerobic exercise over the game provided by the GPS software (equivalent distance index [%EDI] and anaerobic index [AI]) did not present the actual individual exercise intensity (ICC(2,1), absolute agreement=−0.031; P=0.596) and percentage of anaerobic exercise (ICC(2,1), absolute agreement=−0.003; P=0.698) values during the game, respectively. These findings suggest that only GPS measurement cannot present the individual actual exercise intensity during a football game because of different individual fitness levels to the same running speed.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72965074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.61
S. Senanayake, Attanayake M. D. K. Attanayake, K. G. D. A. Karunanayake, Shiromi P. P. DeAlwis, R. S. P. Fernando, R. Maddumage
Measurement of maximum oxygen consumption at tissue level (VO2 max) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard in evaluating physiological fitness of an athlete. No such testing had been conducted on Sri Lankan national level rowers up to date. With this background the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological profile of national rowers of Sri Lanka to assess the state of their cardiopulmonary fitness. Anthropometrical and physiological profiles were created for 22 rowers (10 males and 11 females). The Shapiro-Wilcoxon test was used to check the normal distribution. Means and standard deviations of the parameters were calculated. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Twenty rowers achieved more than 90% of their predicted HR and one achieved a HR of more than 85% indicating a maximum effort by the entire group. The average work rate achieved by oarsmen were 231 W, which is an average of 82% of the predicted. The average HR achieved was 187 BPM, which corresponds to an achievement of 96% of the predicted. The average respiratory exchange ratio achieved by oarsmen were 0.96, an indication of anaerobic glycolysis at peak exercise. Oarswomen achieved a peak workload of 235 which is slightly more than oarsmen. This is an achievement of 81% of the predicted. The group average HR achieved by oarswomen was 95 BPM, which is an achievement of 95% of the predicted. The group average RER was 0.84 which indicates a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis at peak exercise. The VO2 values obtained by Sri Lankan rowers are low compared to international standards. Despite the overall lower VO2 max obtained by male rowers, their VO2 at AT was at a higher percentage of their peak VO2, indicating better cardiovascular fitness. Cardiovascular exercise can be improved to achieve a higher VO2 with a lower HR through threshold training in order to improve performance and uplift the stranded of rowing in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Assessment of Physiological Profiles in Developing Norms for Cardiopulmonary Fitness for Sri Lankan Rowers","authors":"S. Senanayake, Attanayake M. D. K. Attanayake, K. G. D. A. Karunanayake, Shiromi P. P. DeAlwis, R. S. P. Fernando, R. Maddumage","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of maximum oxygen consumption at tissue level (VO2 max) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard in evaluating physiological fitness of an athlete. No such testing had been conducted on Sri Lankan national level rowers up to date. With this background the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological profile of national rowers of Sri Lanka to assess the state of their cardiopulmonary fitness.\u0000Anthropometrical and physiological profiles were created for 22 rowers (10 males and 11 females). The Shapiro-Wilcoxon test was used to check the normal distribution. Means and standard deviations of the parameters were calculated. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. \u0000Twenty rowers achieved more than 90% of their predicted HR and one achieved a HR of more than 85% indicating a maximum effort by the entire group. The average work rate achieved by oarsmen were 231 W, which is an average of 82% of the predicted. The average HR achieved was 187 BPM, which corresponds to an achievement of 96% of the predicted. The average respiratory exchange ratio achieved by oarsmen were 0.96, an indication of anaerobic glycolysis at peak exercise. Oarswomen achieved a peak workload of 235 which is slightly more than oarsmen. This is an achievement of 81% of the predicted. The group average HR achieved by oarswomen was 95 BPM, which is an achievement of 95% of the predicted. The group average RER was 0.84 which indicates a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis at peak exercise.\u0000The VO2 values obtained by Sri Lankan rowers are low compared to international standards. Despite the overall lower VO2 max obtained by male rowers, their VO2 at AT was at a higher percentage of their peak VO2, indicating better cardiovascular fitness. Cardiovascular exercise can be improved to achieve a higher VO2 with a lower HR through threshold training in order to improve performance and uplift the stranded of rowing in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.15
Penina W. Mwenda, E. Rintaugu, F. Mwangi
Sports participation is hailed as one of the effective ways of nurturing positive character among the youth. However, some studies have also indicated that sports may lead to undesirable behavior when conducted under certain uncontrolled conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of selected contextual factors on character changes related to sports participation among secondary school students. The study focused on level of sports participation, gender, age, type of sport, school category, school status, school type, and class level of students as independent variables with potential to influence character changes related to sports participation. A Quasi-experimental research design was utilized, with the dependent variable of character traits assessed at the pre and post three months competitive games season. Purposive sampling was used to select 336 student-athletes from 24 (9.3%) of secondary schools in Nairobi city county. A close-ended questionnaire on character which was adapted from Individual and Team Character in Sport Questionnaire (ITCSQ) and Arizona Sport Summit Accord (ASSA) was utilized for data collection at the pre-and posttests. Matched Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed significant negative change in honest /integrity character component scores between pre-test and post-test (p=0.006). Multinomial Logistic Regression Analyses showed that boarding status, school category and type of sport can significantly (p<0.05) influence character changes among competitive student-athletes. Therefore it is concluded that boarding status, school category and type of sport can influence outcomes of sports experiences leading to positive or negative character change. It is therefore recommended that curriculum developers and implementers should consider contextual factors to optimize sports experiences and outcomes to promote desirable character changes and development.
{"title":"Character Changes Related to Sports Participation and Contextual Factors Among Secondary School Students","authors":"Penina W. Mwenda, E. Rintaugu, F. Mwangi","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Sports participation is hailed as one of the effective ways of nurturing positive character among the youth. However, some studies have also indicated that sports may lead to undesirable behavior when conducted under certain uncontrolled conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of selected contextual factors on character changes related to sports participation among secondary school students. The study focused on level of sports participation, gender, age, type of sport, school category, school status, school type, and class level of students as independent variables with potential to influence character changes related to sports participation. A Quasi-experimental research design was utilized, with the dependent variable of character traits assessed at the pre and post three months competitive games season. Purposive sampling was used to select 336 student-athletes from 24 (9.3%) of secondary schools in Nairobi city county. A close-ended questionnaire on character which was adapted from Individual and Team Character in Sport Questionnaire (ITCSQ) and Arizona Sport Summit Accord (ASSA) was utilized for data collection at the pre-and posttests. Matched Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed significant negative change in honest /integrity character component scores between pre-test and post-test (p=0.006). Multinomial Logistic Regression Analyses showed that boarding status, school category and type of sport can significantly (p<0.05) influence character changes among competitive student-athletes. Therefore it is concluded that boarding status, school category and type of sport can influence outcomes of sports experiences leading to positive or negative character change. It is therefore recommended that curriculum developers and implementers should consider contextual factors to optimize sports experiences and outcomes to promote desirable character changes and development.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83081871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.60
Aris Fajar Pambudi, Hendra Setyawan, Willy Ihsan Rizkyanto, Ismail Gani, Muhammad Sigit Antoni
This study explores the decrease in mental toughness due to the frequency of seated synchronous online learning among BAPOMI DIY athletes. This study is a combined study of simultaneously embedded models, with quantitative methods as the primary method and qualitative methods as the secondary method. Fifty BAPOMI athletes from various sports statuses as students at DIY were recruited through purposive sampling with the consideration that they were implementing synchronous learning. This research also enrolled six coaches and trainers in BAPOMI DIY. Quantitative data was collected using a 1–5 scale questionnaire, and qualitative data using semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics analyze quantitative data, and qualitative data is analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the quantitative study show that the decrease in the mental strength of self-confidence of BAPOMI DIY athletes due to synchronous online learning is included in the high category. In the decline of mental toughness, fatigue is included in the moderate category. Decreased mental toughness is included in the high category. Decreased mental endurance motivation (training/competition) is included in the high category. Decreasing mental strength symptoms of depression are included in the high category. The results of this quantitative data are also in line with the statements of coaches and parents of students who stated that: during online learning, athletes are tired because there are more tasks, the interest in training is reduced compared to offline learning, less focus and less. from enthusiasm, tiredness from sitting in front of the laptop, and reduced concentration due to many lecture assignments. Athletes feel bored, are often late for practice, sometimes get permission to do college assignments, come, often ask for permission, decrease training motivation, decrease fitness, and don't look fit. It can be concluded that synchronous online learning takes too long and sits a lot that is not matched with regular physical activity among athletes, which can cause a decrease in mental toughness from various aspects at a high level. However, there is one aspect that is included in the level category low but still conditional. The role of the coach is becoming more and more critical because they can diligently control the physical and psychological development of the athlete.
{"title":"Exploration of Student-Athletes’ Mental Toughness Due to Frequency of Synchronous Online Learning","authors":"Aris Fajar Pambudi, Hendra Setyawan, Willy Ihsan Rizkyanto, Ismail Gani, Muhammad Sigit Antoni","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the decrease in mental toughness due to the frequency of seated synchronous online learning among BAPOMI DIY athletes. This study is a combined study of simultaneously embedded models, with quantitative methods as the primary method and qualitative methods as the secondary method. Fifty BAPOMI athletes from various sports statuses as students at DIY were recruited through purposive sampling with the consideration that they were implementing synchronous learning. This research also enrolled six coaches and trainers in BAPOMI DIY. Quantitative data was collected using a 1–5 scale questionnaire, and qualitative data using semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics analyze quantitative data, and qualitative data is analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the quantitative study show that the decrease in the mental strength of self-confidence of BAPOMI DIY athletes due to synchronous online learning is included in the high category. In the decline of mental toughness, fatigue is included in the moderate category. Decreased mental toughness is included in the high category. Decreased mental endurance motivation (training/competition) is included in the high category. Decreasing mental strength symptoms of depression are included in the high category. The results of this quantitative data are also in line with the statements of coaches and parents of students who stated that: during online learning, athletes are tired because there are more tasks, the interest in training is reduced compared to offline learning, less focus and less. from enthusiasm, tiredness from sitting in front of the laptop, and reduced concentration due to many lecture assignments. Athletes feel bored, are often late for practice, sometimes get permission to do college assignments, come, often ask for permission, decrease training motivation, decrease fitness, and don't look fit. It can be concluded that synchronous online learning takes too long and sits a lot that is not matched with regular physical activity among athletes, which can cause a decrease in mental toughness from various aspects at a high level. However, there is one aspect that is included in the level category low but still conditional. The role of the coach is becoming more and more critical because they can diligently control the physical and psychological development of the athlete.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81956284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-29DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.51
Elaine T. Santos-Maciel, M. Brandao-Rangel, A. Silva-Reis, Renilson Moares-Ferreira, V. H. Souza-Palmeira, C. Frison, H. Aquino-Santos, R. P. Vieira, R. Albertini
Objective: The present study investigated the possible changes in respiratory function and mechanics in paralympic cyclists in comparison with cyclists. Design: Lung function (spirometry) and mechanics (impulse oscillometry) pre- and post-bronchodilator, the levels of FeNO and the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated in paralympic cyclists [spinal injury from C5 (incomplete injury) until T11 (complete injury); (n=8)] and cyclists (n=12). Results: Paralympic cyclists presented reduced FVC, FEV1, PEF, VC In and MEF75%. Of note, only athletes presented response to bronchodilator, as observed for FEV and for FVC/FEV1. Respiratory impedance (Z5Hz), total respiratory system resistance (R5Hz) was impaired in paralympic cyclists. No differences were found hand grip and respiratory muscle strength and for FeNO comparing paralympic cyclists with cyclists. Conclusion: We conclude that para-cyclists present impaired lung function and mechanics and that such impairments are not correlated with reduction in the respiratory or peripheral muscle strength or with pulmonary inflammation.
{"title":"Para-Cyclists Present Impaired Lung Function and Mechanics Independent of Peripheral and Respiratory Muscle Strength","authors":"Elaine T. Santos-Maciel, M. Brandao-Rangel, A. Silva-Reis, Renilson Moares-Ferreira, V. H. Souza-Palmeira, C. Frison, H. Aquino-Santos, R. P. Vieira, R. Albertini","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study investigated the possible changes in respiratory function and mechanics in paralympic cyclists in comparison with cyclists. Design: Lung function (spirometry) and mechanics (impulse oscillometry) pre- and post-bronchodilator, the levels of FeNO and the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated in paralympic cyclists [spinal injury from C5 (incomplete injury) until T11 (complete injury); (n=8)] and cyclists (n=12). Results: Paralympic cyclists presented reduced FVC, FEV1, PEF, VC In and MEF75%. Of note, only athletes presented response to bronchodilator, as observed for FEV and for FVC/FEV1. Respiratory impedance (Z5Hz), total respiratory system resistance (R5Hz) was impaired in paralympic cyclists. No differences were found hand grip and respiratory muscle strength and for FeNO comparing paralympic cyclists with cyclists. Conclusion: We conclude that para-cyclists present impaired lung function and mechanics and that such impairments are not correlated with reduction in the respiratory or peripheral muscle strength or with pulmonary inflammation.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89229164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.54
Derry Ambardi, S. Sugiyanto, Febriani F Ekawati
The growth of physical freshness gradually, stratified, and continually so that physical fitness coaching may be implemented might be one of the implementers of the personnel strength coaching function. Particularly in the physical development of Air Force members as a benchmark for carrying out obligations to uphold the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and obligations as international representatives. A soldier protecting the curse of the Republic of Indonesia must be physically fit to assist with training implementation and promote physical exercise in daily life. The study’s sample and population in this study, the frequency of training were divided into two portions, namely three and five times per week, and the Tabata training method and basic military training were both applied. This study was carried out in 2022 at Lanud Adi Soemarmo’s Skadron Educator (Skadik) 404 Military Police Corps. The pseudo-experimental method makes use of the 2x2 factorial design. 44 Military Police Corps members, divided into 4 groups of 11 each, made up the sample. The samapta A test, which is a continuous 12-minute run, is used in the military physical fitness exam, provided that the offender receives a 15- to 30-minute rest period and is permitted to drink mineral water after passing the physical fitness test. A. The shuttle run, pull-up, sit-up, and push-up portions of the Samapta B exam are all completed for a total of 60 seconds. Between each test item in the physical fitness B sequence is a five-minute rest break with a predefined time interval. The data were analyzed using bidirectional variance analysis (ANOVA), after which a Tukey test was run with a 0.05 significant level. For the entire data analysis procedure, SPSS software version 25 is employed. The study’s findings support the notion that the frequency and mode of exercise used to increase military physical fitness interact. However, further research on psychological, psychosocial, gender, and other factors connected to enhancing military physical fitness are required.
逐步、分层、持续地培养体能新鲜度，从而实施体能训练，可能是人员力量训练功能的实现方式之一。特别是在空军成员的实际发展方面，作为履行维护印度尼西亚共和国统一国家主权的义务和作为国际代表的义务的基准。保护印度尼西亚共和国诅咒的士兵必须身体健康，以协助执行训练并在日常生活中促进体育锻炼。本研究以样本和人群为研究对象，训练频率分为每周3次和5次两部分，采用Tabata训练法和基础军事训练。这项研究于2022年在Lanud Adi Soemarmo的Skadron教育家(Skadik) 404宪兵队进行。伪实验方法采用2x2因子设计。44名宪兵队成员被分成4组，每组11人。“samapta A”是一种连续12分钟的跑步测试，是在军队体能测试中使用的，但前提是要有15 ~ 30分钟的休息时间，通过体能测试后可以喝矿泉水。答:在Samapta B考试中，跑腿、引体向上、仰卧起坐和俯卧撑部分的完成时间为60秒。在体能B序列的每个测试项目之间，有一个预先设定的休息时间，休息五分钟。数据分析采用双向方差分析(ANOVA)，方差分析后采用Tukey检验，显著水平为0.05。整个数据分析过程采用SPSS软件25版。这项研究的发现支持了一种观点，即用于提高军人身体素质的锻炼频率和方式是相互作用的。然而，需要进一步研究与增强军人身体素质有关的心理、社会心理、性别和其他因素。
{"title":"Whether the Tabata Training Method and Basic Military Training Had Different Effects on Improving Military Physical Fitness: An Experimental Study","authors":"Derry Ambardi, S. Sugiyanto, Febriani F Ekawati","doi":"10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of physical freshness gradually, stratified, and continually so that physical fitness coaching may be implemented might be one of the implementers of the personnel strength coaching function. Particularly in the physical development of Air Force members as a benchmark for carrying out obligations to uphold the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and obligations as international representatives. A soldier protecting the curse of the Republic of Indonesia must be physically fit to assist with training implementation and promote physical exercise in daily life. The study’s sample and population in this study, the frequency of training were divided into two portions, namely three and five times per week, and the Tabata training method and basic military training were both applied. This study was carried out in 2022 at Lanud Adi Soemarmo’s Skadron Educator (Skadik) 404 Military Police Corps. The pseudo-experimental method makes use of the 2x2 factorial design. 44 Military Police Corps members, divided into 4 groups of 11 each, made up the sample. The samapta A test, which is a continuous 12-minute run, is used in the military physical fitness exam, provided that the offender receives a 15- to 30-minute rest period and is permitted to drink mineral water after passing the physical fitness test. A. The shuttle run, pull-up, sit-up, and push-up portions of the Samapta B exam are all completed for a total of 60 seconds. Between each test item in the physical fitness B sequence is a five-minute rest break with a predefined time interval. The data were analyzed using bidirectional variance analysis (ANOVA), after which a Tukey test was run with a 0.05 significant level. For the entire data analysis procedure, SPSS software version 25 is employed. The study’s findings support the notion that the frequency and mode of exercise used to increase military physical fitness interact. However, further research on psychological, psychosocial, gender, and other factors connected to enhancing military physical fitness are required.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78182278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crossminton is a sport that combines elements of squash, badminton and tennis, creating a new sport, which is currently being played all over the world. The aim of our study was to identify and compare the bilateral differences in the internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint of crossminton players. The subject of our study were 13 crossminton players from Slovak Republic (25.1±9.3 years; 172.8±9.1 cm; 71.8±16.1 kg). The range of motion of internal (IR-ROM) and external rotation (ER-ROM) of the glenohumeral joint was measured bilaterally using a standard two-arm goniometer. Bilateral comparison, decimal and sport age pairwise comparisons were carried using the T-test for independent samples. Results point to the occurrence of glenohumeral joint adaptation. Given the bilateral differences, the dominant shoulder has lower IR-ROM (p < 0.05) and higher ER-ROM (p < 0.05) than the non-dominant shoulder. GIRD (IR difference > 13 °) was observed in 4 players. The decimal age of the players did not have a significant impact on the rotation values of the glenohumeral joint. Only IR-ROM of the dominant upper limb was lower with the growing sport age of the players (p < 0.05). Given the fact that adaptations in ROM of glenohumeral joint promote an increased injury risk, the present study reveals the relevance of monitoring and finding differences between upper limbs in crossminton players.
{"title":"Glenohumeral Joint Range of Motion in Crossminton Players","authors":"T. Lukáčová, R. Lenková","doi":"10.18276/cej.2023.1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2023.1-03","url":null,"abstract":"Crossminton is a sport that combines elements of squash, badminton and tennis, creating a new sport, which is currently being played all over the world. The aim of our study was to identify and compare the bilateral differences in the internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint of crossminton players. The subject of our study were 13 crossminton players from Slovak Republic (25.1±9.3 years; 172.8±9.1 cm; 71.8±16.1 kg). The range of motion of internal (IR-ROM) and external rotation (ER-ROM) of the glenohumeral joint was measured bilaterally using a standard two-arm goniometer. Bilateral comparison, decimal and sport age pairwise comparisons were carried using the T-test for independent samples. Results point to the occurrence of glenohumeral joint adaptation. Given the bilateral differences, the dominant shoulder has lower IR-ROM (p < 0.05) and higher ER-ROM (p < 0.05) than the non-dominant shoulder. GIRD (IR difference > 13 °) was observed in 4 players. The decimal age of the players did not have a significant impact on the rotation values of the glenohumeral joint. Only IR-ROM of the dominant upper limb was lower with the growing sport age of the players (p < 0.05). Given the fact that adaptations in ROM of glenohumeral joint promote an increased injury risk, the present study reveals the relevance of monitoring and finding differences between upper limbs in crossminton players.","PeriodicalId":36509,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68049537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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