Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound of the uterosacral ligaments: A reliability study for diagnosing endometriosis in Australian non-specialised medical imaging and radiology settings","authors":"Shae Maple,&nbsp;Eva Bezak,&nbsp;K Jane Chalmers,&nbsp;Nayana Parange","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.12420","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction/Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Uterosacral ligaments (USL) are the most common sites of endometriosis. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for endometriosis of the USLs using standardised technique and characterisations. While high accuracy and reproducibility is established with these techniques by well-trained professionals, the question still remains if these techniques are reproducible in general settings. This study aims to assess the intra and interobserver agreement of TVS characteristics of USLs, between experienced and less experienced examiners in an Australian general ultrasound imaging practice, where sonographers are required to perform ultrasound for endometriosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-two patients, with and without known endometriosis, underwent ultrasound imaging of the USLs. Images were obtained of uterosacral ligaments and collated for interobserver survey. Six professional observers independently reviewed the images, classifying characteristics such as echogenicity, echotexture, contour, thickness, and presence of nodules. Interobserver reliability was assessed using Gwet's agreement coefficients (<i>AC1</i>), and the correlation between USL thickness and endometriosis was analyzed using Spearman's correlation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interobserver agreement for detecting USL endometriosis was substantial (<i>AC1</i> = 0.63), with an overall agreement of (0.65) for the seven USL characteristics. Intraobserver agreement ranged from moderate (0.60) to almost perfect (0.96). Experience did not significantly affect intraobserver reliability. A strong positive correlation was found between USL thickness and endometriosis (r = 0.7965, P &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates high inter and intraobserver agreement among sonographers and radiologists in a general imaging department for identifying USL characteristics and diagnosing USL endometriosis. Both experienced and less experienced operators can reliably assess USLs Consistency was shown in identifying thickened uterosacral ligaments however, there is no consensus on where uterosacral ligament be measured. Even so, a thickened USL can prompt further extension of the pelvic scan to look for other endometriosis markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.12420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic abscess caused by foreign body ingestion: A case report","authors":"Qingqing Li,&nbsp;Yujiang Liu","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.12422","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver abscess is a common clinical condition caused by bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, usually due to immunosuppression. In contrast, secondary liver abscesses are caused by specific factors such as foreign bodies, tumours, or appendicitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We admitted a patient with secondary liver abscess and found an intrahepatic foreign body after interventional drainage. Initially, a foreign body of medical origin was suspected, but after a multidisciplinary consultation, it was determined to be caused by a foodborne foreign body. Laparoscopic surgery was then chosen as the treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The liver abscess was caused by an alimentary foreign body, and the intrahepatic foreign body was identified as a fish bone measuring approximately 2.5 cm in length.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upon diagnosing either primary or secondary liver abscess, aggressive treatment of the abscess focus is essential. However, in cases of secondary liver abscess, addressing and removing the underlying cause is necessary for complete resolution. For patients with a previously healthy liver, comprehensive history-taking is crucial, and imaging studies play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians and radiologists should be vigilant for the possibility of foreign bodies, tumours, or unexpected intra-abdominal inflammation, regardless of the patient's history. When dealing with food-borne foreign bodies, endoscopic intervention should be considered first, followed by laparoscopy, and as a last resort, open surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnosis and treatment of liver abscess in clinical practice require a complete medical history and thorough imaging examinations. Ultrasound, as the initial imaging modality, allows real-time and dynamic observation of lesions. It is essential for ultrasonologists to consider the possibility of foreign body-induced liver abscess when diagnosing patients with liver abscess.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative hybrid training method for ultrasound in giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica and large vessel vasculitis","authors":"Li-Ching Chew,&nbsp;Cassandra Hong,&nbsp;Bhaskar Dasgupta","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.12417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a novel hybrid physical and virtual training method, complemented by online learning, as an effective method to teach and acquire ultrasound skills. We aim to illustrate this through our experience with a remote ultrasound training module for giant cell arteritis scanning. The significance of this innovation is the ability to mitigate the challenges faced by ultrasound training during pandemic-times, including the need for physical distancing, group size limitation and overseas travel restrictions. Furthermore, the hybrid training provides an invaluable access to distant specialist cognitive and procedural expertise when conventional means may not be feasible. Although this form of ultrasound training has limitations, such as diminished face-to-face contact, we were able to resume training despite the unfavourable circumstances. By harnessing virtual technology for hands-on training, we can strive to reduce worldwide training inequalities, particularly in areas requiring highly specialised skills where expertise may not be available locally. Even as the world has moved out of ‘lockdown’, the pandemic has serendipitously provided novel ways of doing things; the lessons learnt here can be utilised for future hybrid training models, especially where hands-on experience is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic view of fluid bronchogram secondary to endobronchial obstruction: A case report","authors":"Yash Kedia,&nbsp;Nitesh Gupta,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12418","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12418","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound has become an important aspect of emergency medicine due to its wide availability and portability for bedside investigations. Understanding some important ultrasound findings can aid in diagnosis and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a case of a 65-year-old smoker who presented with shortness of breath and hemoptysis and was in respiratory failure upon arrival in the emergency department. Bedside ultrasound demonstrated a fluid bronchogram, aiding the diagnosis of lung collapse secondary to endobronchial obstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluid bronchograms are seen on CT chest and ultrasonography as linear images corresponding to dilated bronchus, filled with mucus, distal to an endobronchial obstruction. They are characterised by anechoic, tubular structures, suggestive of fluid filled bronchi, over the hypoechogenic pulmonary parenchyma, and can be differentiated from blood vessels by the lack of Doppler signal. Ultrasonographic image of fluid bronchogram is very unique and can help to detect collapse secondary to endobronchial obstruction using point-of-care ultrasonography in emergency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the 2023 World Heart Federation guidelines for the echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease","authors":"Jacqueline Williamson,&nbsp;Amelia McLeod,&nbsp;James Marangou,&nbsp;Bo Remenyi,&nbsp;Peter Morris,&nbsp;Gillian Whalley","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12421","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rheumatic heart disease remains prevalent in some regions of Australia and New Zealand. Echocardiography is the gold standard for detection and diagnosis using the 2023 World Heart Federation guidelines. The guidelines describe specific features of mitral and aortic valve morphology and define pathological regurgitation associated with RHD. The aim of this education piece was to assist cardiac sonographers and reporting specialists in the accurate detection, diagnosis, and classification of RHD findings. We present the echocardiographic features of RHD as defined by the 2023 WHF guidelines, including a poster summarising the individual criteria for diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy – The foundation of ultrasound imaging","authors":"Gillian Whalley","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12416","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12416","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Ultrasound is &lt;i&gt;the&lt;/i&gt; most accessible, and the most utilised, of all medical imaging. Miniaturisation has reduced the cost and the portability such that anatomical imaging is now available in places we would never have ventured in the past. Today, it is possible to image a growing fetus in the middle of desert with no wired electricity; or to image the chest of a sailor on a yacht in the middle of the ocean to identify whether they have a ruptured aortic aneurysm; or to determine the extent of internal bleeding of an injured soldier in the middle of a warzone; or to identify a child in a remote location that is suffering from rheumatic heart disease and needs life-preserving penicillin treatment. Diagnostic ultrasound should be available to everyone, and everywhere, but the image quality may not be the same, and we may be restricted to simple black and white anatomy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since my career with ultrasound began, we have moved from being able to image the anatomy in two dimensions with limited functional assessment, to three-dimensional moving images with blood flow measurement and tissue motion detection, to name but a few innovations. We use ultrasound beyond diagnosis, to predict prognosis and to plan treatment strategies, but the new wave of handheld transducers has brought us back to the beginning and reminds me that anatomy is key. The so much clinical information can be obtained from simple grey scale anatomical pictures. Anatomy remains the foundation of ultrasound imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue of AJUM, we are reminded that underlying anatomical knowledge is key to important clinical decisions. Ward &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; use ultrasound to document the migration of the placental cord insertion during pregnancy and suggest that this should be routinely reported on antenatal ultrasound examinations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fenech &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; present a detailed review article about anatomy and ultrasound appearances of femoral and saphenous veins, and their branches, and advocate for users to become familiar with the normal appearances in order that we may accurately identify abnormalities. The imaging of nerves is increasingly being utilised as a tool for nerve blockade. Ultrasound anatomical imaging is frequently used to assist procedures. and Zanfini &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; present a series of over 500 intrathecal injections where ultrasound was used to help identity the injection site. Although intravenous access can be done without ultrasound imaging, would you want to ignore the benefits of improved precision with anatomical image guidance?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I, like many student sonographers, learned and refined my anatomical knowledge while looking at ultrasound images. I watch as newly qualified doctors remembering their anatomy as they look at an ultrasound screen. And increasingly, ultrasound is being applied in medical schools to supplement medical students' anatomy learning. Anatomy is the heart of ","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"27 4","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying enablers and barriers to teleultrasound use for remote settings: A scoping review","authors":"Aubree Anderson,&nbsp;Rebecca G Theophanous","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12415","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction/Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Teleultrasound connects expert point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) users with remote community and rural sites. Evolving technologies including handheld devices, upgraded image quality, and the ability to transmit over low bandwidth connections increase POCUS education, accessibility, and clinical integration. Potential teleultrasound venues include low-resource settings, prehospital care, and austere environments (high altitudes, microgravity, conflict zones, etc.). This scoping review assesses current teleultrasound uses and identifies implementation enablers and barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the PRISMA-ScR checklist, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched on 16 August 2024 for teleultrasound studies. Two reviewers independently screened results and abstracted data using a data collection table. 165 articles met the following inclusion criteria: research studies describing teleultrasound, involving humans, including healthcare workers, with remote point-of-care or medical ultrasound use, in any setting, and in English.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Teleultrasound studies were reported in most specialties and across all continents. Most were prospective (100 studies), review articles (27), or case studies (14). Study quality was variable, with 28 high quality, 77 moderate, 54 low, and 6 very low (GRADE assessment tool). Common themes that emerged include (1) type of image transmission method utilised, (2) remote provider training and curriculum development, (3) feedback methods between expert and novice users, (4) technologies and devices used, and (5) enablers and barriers to guide future teleultrasound implementation and training strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, the teleultrasound literature is heterogeneous in setting, design, and quality outcomes. As teleultrasound technology evolves and the use expands, future studies should standardise protocols and ensure image quality fidelity to optimise remote patient care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound evaluation of peripheral intravenous catheter thrombus formation associated with intravenous flucloxacillin administration: A prospective observational pilot study","authors":"Andrew C. Bulmer,&nbsp;Rachael Nightingale,&nbsp;Wenu Hewage,&nbsp;Gerben Keijzers,&nbsp;Peter J. Snelling","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12414","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12414","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to sonographically evaluate whether intravenous (IV) flucloxacillin administration was associated with an increased risk of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) thrombus formation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational study included participants enrolled as a convenience sample from a larger prospective study of patients with cellulitis receiving IV antibiotics in the emergency department. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to evaluate the PIVCs for thrombus formation after insertion and at specified timepoints after IV administration of antibiotic or saline solution through to discharge. The primary endpoint included the presence and length of the thrombus in proximity of the catheter tip.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between May 2021 and June 2022, 25 participants were enrolled and received either IV flucloxacillin (n = 10), other IV antibiotics (n = 8) or no IV antibiotics (control; n = 7). PIVC thrombus formation was sonographically detected in 100%, 67% and 17% of patients in flucloxacillin, other and control groups at 6–12 h (flucloxacillin vs. control; P = 0.015), with a mean length of 17.4 ± 8.1 (flucloxacillin vs. control; P = 0.46), 15.5 ± 13.4 (other vs. control; P = 0.73) and 7.3 ± 17.9 mm (control), respectively. Thrombus formation increased significantly in the flucloxacillin group over time (0–&gt;12 h; P = 0.03) but did not increase in the other or control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The administration of IV flucloxacillin appears to promote the formation of a PIVC thrombus visible on ultrasound, but the clinical implications are uncertain. Although the vast majority appear to be asymptomatic, they have the potential to become a precursor to thrombophlebitis and lead to early PIVC failure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was feasible to identify and measure PIVC thrombus sonographically. Ultrasound showed that IV flucloxacillin administration appeared to be associated with more frequent formation of PIVC thrombus, with these increasing in length over time. Further research is required to confirm these findings in larger studies and to identify any clinical implications of the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of musculoskeletal ultrasound learning methodologies","authors":"Amber J. Vogt,&nbsp;Robert Samuel Mayer","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12413","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction/Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the frequency and morbidity of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders increase, the use of MSK ultrasound has become an important diagnostic and procedural tool. This has amplified the importance of quality MSK ultrasound training for medical professionals. This systematic review evaluated and compared peer-reviewed journal articles on learning methodologies for MSK ultrasound training.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed a lack of randomised studies that compared learning methodologies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was wide variability of methodology used based on educational and institutional needs. Further randomised control trials need to be conducted to ascertain best educational practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound measurement of perirenal adipose tissue indicates cardiovascular disease, but standardisation is needed: A systematic review","authors":"Victoria J. A. Baumann,&nbsp;Richard Banati,&nbsp;Jillian L. Clarke","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In both highly industrialised and developing countries, obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and increasingly becoming a critical indicator of general morbidity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal dysfunction. A promising trend in detection and management of obesity is the measurement of perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), increasingly recognised as a metabolically active endocrine organ in itself. Its measurement by ultrasound is used increasingly to indicate visceral obesity and its clinical management. This review synthesises current techniques for measuring PRAT and its potential use as an indicator of CVD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included clinical studies published between 2010 and 2023, investigating the current practice and use of specific ultrasonographic techniques and assessed the reliability and accuracy of included papers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist, and the methodological quality examined using the Grade of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It found, PRAT measures are predictive of CVD risk factors and the accuracy of ultrasound is comparable to CT and MRI, but there is no consistency in ultrasound technique. The lack of any randomised control trials and the use of 20 different non-standardised ultrasound techniques across the 21 studies resulted in inconsistent and imprecise clinical observations and interpretations, which decreased the overall quality of the studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review found the inclusion of ultrasound measures in routine abdominal imaging potentially invaluable but demonstrates the need for standardisation of the perirenal fat ultrasound measuring technique to improve reproducibility and reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}