Health Science Reports最新文献_第2页

Explaining Faculty Members' Experiences of Clinical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study 新冠肺炎大流行期间教师临床教育经历的定性研究

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71704

Fazlollah Ahmadi, Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad, Bita Sadeghi, Meysam Heidari, Mehran Tahrekhani, Mohammad Abdi

Background and Aims

Clinical education is a fundamental component of medical training that faced numerous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding faculty members' experiences and strategies can inform plans for enhancing educational quality during future health crises. This study aimed to explore faculty members' experiences in delivering clinical education during the pandemic.

Methods

This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews employing purposive sampling. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. In total, 14 participants were interviewed. The credibility of the findings was assessed using the criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln.

Results

The analysis yielded three main themes. The first theme, challenge-based experience, consisted of subcategories including intrapersonal psychological challenges, environmental misinformation, and systemic management deficiencies. The second theme, change-based experience, comprised subcategories such as shifts in protective roles, modifications in clinical education environments, changes in patient collaboration, heightened attention to professionalism, and strengthened role modeling. The third theme, problem-solving-based experience, encompassed subcategories such as an emphasis on feedback, clinical education strategies, educational equity approaches, systemic solutions, exploration of international approaches, and comprehensive assessment strategies.

Conclusion

The study delineates a three-phase adaptation trajectory—through confronting challenges, navigating changes, and implementing problem-solving strategies—that enabled faculty to sustain clinical education during the pandemic. These experiences yield critical, actionable recommendations for future crisis preparedness. We recommend that institutions integrate hybrid clinical training models and develop formal faculty development programs focused on digital pedagogy and crisis management. Embedding these evidence-based strategies into medical education policy is crucial for building a resilient and equitable clinical education system capable of withstanding future disruptions.

背景和目的临床教育是医学培训的基本组成部分，在COVID-19大流行期间面临着许多挑战。了解教师的经验和策略可以为未来健康危机期间提高教育质量的计划提供信息。本研究旨在探讨教师在大流行期间提供临床教育的经验。方法采用常规的含量分析方法进行定性研究。数据收集通过半结构化访谈采用目的抽样。访谈一直持续到数据饱和为止。总共有14名参与者接受了采访。研究结果的可信度是用Guba和Lincoln提出的标准来评估的。结果分析得出三个主要主题。第一个主题是基于挑战的体验，包括个人心理挑战、环境错误信息和系统管理缺陷等子类别。第二个主题是基于变化的经验，包括保护角色的转变、临床教育环境的改变、患者协作的变化、对专业精神的高度关注和角色塑造的加强等子类别。第三个主题，基于问题解决的经验，包含了诸如强调反馈、临床教育策略、教育公平方法、系统解决方案、探索国际方法和综合评估策略等子类别。该研究描绘了一个三阶段的适应轨迹——通过面对挑战、驾驭变化和实施解决问题的策略——使教师能够在大流行期间维持临床教育。这些经验为今后的危机防范提供了关键的、可操作的建议。我们建议机构整合混合临床培训模式，并制定正式的教师发展计划，重点关注数字教学法和危机管理。将这些循证战略纳入医学教育政策对于建立一个能够承受未来干扰的有弹性和公平的临床教育系统至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Mortality in Children Receiving Chronic Dialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study 接受慢性透析的儿童血清维生素D水平与死亡率之间的关系：一项回顾性队列研究

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71804

Sima Shamshiri Khamene, Izat Mohammad Khawajah, Mastaneh Moghtaderi

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children on regular dialysis, affecting approximately 90% of patients. This deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is associated with various complications, including skeletal problems, increased infection risk, arterial stiffness, vascular calcification, and higher cardiovascular mortality. Severe deficiency (< 30 nmol/L) particularly increases mortality risks.

Method

In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we examined 53 pediatric patients (28 boys, 25 girls) undergoing regular dialysis (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) at a children's medical center from 2018 to 2020. The mean age was 8.21 years, with 71.7% aged 2–12 years, 20.8% adolescents, and 7.5% under 2 years. The mean vitamin D level was 23.51 ng/mL.

Results

Results showed that 26.41% of patients died, with mortality analysis revealing a hazard ratio of 3.2 for patients with vitamin D levels below 15 ng/mL. The mortality rate was 64.7% in severe deficiency (< 15 ng/mL), 18.8% in moderate deficiency (15–30 ng/mL), while patients with sufficient levels (> 30 ng/mL) recorded no deaths. Additionally, 11.32% developed skeletal disorders, including two cases of spinal fracture. Vitamin D levels showed significant positive correlations with calcium (r = 0.6) and years under dialysis (r = 0.52) (p > 0.05). Associations were found between vitamin D levels and phosphorus, PTH, and mortality rates. However, no significant relationships were observed with dialysis frequency, age, weight, gender, underlying disease, dialysis type, or hypertension.

Conclusion

In conclusion, children with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis face increased risks of vitamin D deficiency due to impaired kidney function. This deficiency significantly impacts survival rates and contributes to poor outcomes. Regular monitoring and management of vitamin D levels are crucial for improving survival in pediatric dialysis patients.

背景：维生素D缺乏症在定期透析的儿童中非常普遍，影响了大约90%的患者。在这项横断面回顾性研究中，我们调查了2018年至2020年在儿童医疗中心接受常规透析（血液透析和腹膜透析）的53名儿童患者（28名男孩，25名女孩）。平均年龄8.21岁，2-12岁占71.7%，青少年占20.8%，2岁以下占7.5%。平均维生素D水平为23.51 ng/mL。结果：结果显示26.41%的患者死亡，死亡率分析显示维生素D水平低于15 ng/mL的患者的风险比为3.2。严重缺乏（30 ng/mL）的死亡率为64.7%，无死亡记录。此外，11.32%的患者出现骨骼疾病，包括2例脊柱骨折。维生素D水平与钙（r = 0.6）和透析时间（r = 0.52）呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）。研究发现，维生素D水平与磷、甲状旁腺素和死亡率之间存在关联。然而，与透析频率、年龄、体重、性别、潜在疾病、透析类型或高血压没有显著关系。结论：接受透析治疗的终末期肾病患儿由于肾功能受损，维生素D缺乏的风险增加。这一缺陷严重影响了生存率，并导致预后不良。定期监测和管理维生素D水平对于提高儿童透析患者的生存率至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A Comprehensive Review of Acne Treatments: Unpacking the Chemical Structures and Effective Bioactive Compounds 痤疮治疗的综合综述：揭示化学结构和有效的生物活性化合物。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71803

Mobina Tajdari, Setare Abolghasemi, Elham Khanniri, Maryam Bayanati, Rahil Hakimimofrad, Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani

Background and Aims

Acne vulgaris is a frequent skin disorder, affecting a large part of the population worldwide, and strongly influencing not only the physical but also the mental aspects of health. The choice of therapy for acne vulgaris is a very difficult one because the multifactorial causality of the disease and interindividual variability in response to treatment should be considered. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the drugs used in the treatment of acne vulgaris, along with their chemical structure.

Methods

A comprehensive search of relevant databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted using keywords such as “acne vulgaris”, “chemical structure”, “mode of action”, and “structure–activity relationship”. We reviewed articles published up to 2025. The authors reviewed articles that discussed the chemical structure and structure–activity relationships of drugs used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In addition, articles on acne vulgaris pharmacotherapy were also reviewed.

Results

In this review, all the current modalities for the management of acne vulgaris are presented and grouped according to their chemical nature, including topical applications and systemic administration. In this light, we go further into the mechanism of action of each treatment, its efficacy and safety, and possible side effects. New therapeutic agents targeting the skin microbiome, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance are also a focus. We finally propose one step for choosing an optimum therapy based on the subject's constitution, the severity of post-acne scarring, and associated comorbidities.

Conclusion

The present review would benefit general physicians in adapting their management to treat zits and pimples for the improvement of their patients, with particular importance given to the knowledge of the chemical structures of various drugs.

背景与目的：寻常痤疮是一种常见的皮肤疾病，影响着世界上很大一部分人口，不仅对身体健康，而且对心理健康也有很大的影响。寻常痤疮的治疗选择是一个非常困难的，因为疾病的多因素因果关系和个体间对治疗反应的变异性必须考虑。本文旨在对目前治疗寻常性痤疮的药物及其化学结构进行综述。方法：以“痤疮”、“化学结构”、“作用方式”、“构效关系”等关键词，综合检索相关数据库（PubMed、谷歌Scholar、Web of Science、Scopus）。我们回顾了截至2025年发表的文章。本文综述了国内外治疗寻常性痤疮药物的化学结构和构效关系。此外，本文还对寻常痤疮的药物治疗进行了综述。结果：本文综述了目前治疗寻常痤疮的所有方法，并根据其化学性质进行了分类，包括局部应用和全身给药。据此，我们进一步探讨每种治疗的作用机制、疗效和安全性以及可能的副作用。针对皮肤微生物群、炎症和激素失衡的新治疗剂也是一个焦点。我们最后提出了一个步骤，根据受试者的体质，痤疮后疤痕的严重程度和相关的合并症来选择最佳的治疗方法。结论：本综述将有助于普通医生调整治疗丘疹和丘疹的管理方法，以改善患者的病情，特别重视了解各种药物的化学结构。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Massage With Verbal Contact by Mothers of Premature Infants on Maternal Attachment and Infant's Motor Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial 早产儿母亲言语接触按摩对母亲依恋和婴儿运动表现的影响：一项随机对照试验。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71697

Ava Monfared, Malek Amini, Jamileh Abolghasemi, Ali Mazouri, Zahra Darabi Boroujeni

Background and Aims

An infant born before 37 weeks of gestation is called a preterm infant. In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), occupational therapists provide essential therapeutic interventions, including those for social-emotional development, the promotion of parent-infant attachment and interactions, and the developmental assessment of preterm infants. This research aimed to explore the effects of maternal massage training combined with verbal contact with preterm infants on maternal attachment and infant motor performance.

Methods

84 preterm infants in the NICU were assigned to intervention and control groups. The infants in the control group underwent standard interventions, while the mothers of the infants in the intervention group gave their babies a massage for 15 min daily over 5 days and talked to their babies during the massage. Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) and the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) were utilized for assessment and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.

Results

In both groups, MPAS and TIMP post-test scores increased compared to pre-test scores, although the increase in scores was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (95% CI [−6.96, −1.73], p = 0.001% and 95% CI [−0.93, −0.14], p = 0.009, respectively). However, no statistically significant weight gain was observed in either the intervention or control groups (95% CI [−186.14, −129.14], p = 0.720).

Conclusion

Massage along with verbal contact by mothers of premature infants enhances maternal attachment and the infants' motor performance, yet it does not significantly affect the infants' weight gain. Consequently, given the difficulties these babies and their caregivers encounter, massage and verbal contact may serve as a safe and economical approach.

背景和目的：妊娠37周前出生的婴儿称为早产儿。在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU），职业治疗师提供必要的治疗干预，包括社会情感发展，促进亲子依恋和互动，以及早产儿的发育评估。本研究旨在探讨母亲按摩训练结合早产儿言语接触对母亲依恋和婴儿运动表现的影响。方法：将84例新生儿重症监护病房早产儿分为干预组和对照组。对照组婴儿接受标准干预，干预组婴儿的母亲在5天内每天给婴儿按摩15分钟，并在按摩过程中与婴儿交谈。采用母亲产后依恋量表（MPAS）和婴儿运动能力测试（TIMP）进行评估，数据采用SPSS 27版进行分析。结果：两组患者的MPAS和TIMP测试后评分均较测试前评分升高，但干预组的评分升高幅度明显大于对照组（95% CI [-6.96, -1.73], p = 0.001%; 95% CI [-0.93, -0.14], p = 0.009）。然而，干预组和对照组均未观察到有统计学意义的体重增加（95% CI [-186.14, -129.14], p = 0.720）。结论：早产儿母亲在言语接触的同时进行按摩可以增强母亲依恋和婴儿的运动表现，但对婴儿体重的增加没有显著影响。因此，考虑到这些婴儿和他们的照顾者遇到的困难，按摩和口头接触可能是一种安全和经济的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Computer Vision-Guided Automated External Defibrillator System Improves Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Accuracy: A Randomized Crossover Trial 计算机视觉引导的自动体外除颤器系统提高心肺复苏的准确性：一项随机交叉试验。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71797

Li Liu, Hua Huang, Pengcheng Zhao, Yan Chen, Sixing Liu, Qun Wu, Wei Jing, Mingjie Yin, Yongyuan Li, Jiahuan Lu, Xicheng Zhang, He Xu, Yimu Ji

Background and Aims

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) remain a critical challenge in emergency care, as CPR effectiveness heavily relies on precise chest compressions. We propose a novel CPR guidance system using computer vision to track rescuer motion in real time. This study aims to evaluate the system's efficacy in improving CPR performance, particularly its adaptability to both adult and pediatric populations.

Methods

We evaluated a novel CPR navigation system integrated into an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), termed HeartSave M650, which utilizes computer vision to guide CPR quality. A prospective, randomized, crossover trial was conducted comparing HeartSave M650 against the traditional HeartSave M600. In total, 81 volunteers (41 CPR-trained; 40 untrained) stratified into adult (n = 61) and pediatric (n = 20) cohorts were assigned via computer-generated block randomization (block size = 4; stratified by training status) to perform simulated CPR using either: (1) Experimental intervention: HeartSave M650 AED; (2) Control intervention: Conventional HeartSave M600 AED. Participants crossed over after a 15-min washout period. Outcome assessors were masked to device assignment. Participants were not blinded due to visible device differences. The primary outcome was the proportion of compressions within guideline-recommended depth, measured by manikin sensors with video validation.

Results

The primary outcome demonstrated that the M650 significantly improved optimal-depth compressions in adults (60.38% vs. 29.54%, p < 0.001) and pediatric (73.44% vs. 40.96%, p < 0.001), while reducing excessive depth compressions in adults (17.60% vs. 53.97%, p < 0.001) and in pediatric (13.96% vs. 26.11%, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

HeartSave M650 improves compression depth accuracy, more than doubling correct performance compared to conventional AEDs. Its ability to reduce over-depth compressions further supports its clinical value in standardizing CPR quality.

背景和目的：院外心脏骤停（ohca）仍然是急诊护理的一个关键挑战，因为心肺复苏术的有效性严重依赖于精确的胸部按压。我们提出了一种利用计算机视觉实时跟踪救援者运动的新型心肺复苏引导系统。本研究旨在评估该系统在提高心肺复苏术表现方面的有效性，特别是其对成人和儿童人群的适应性。方法：我们评估了一种集成到自动体外除颤器（AED）中的新型心肺复苏导航系统，称为HeartSave M650，该系统利用计算机视觉来指导心肺复苏质量。一项前瞻性、随机、交叉试验对HeartSave M650和传统的HeartSave M600进行了比较。共有81名志愿者（41名接受过心肺复苏术训练，40名未接受过心肺复苏术训练）被分为成人（n = 61）和儿科（n = 20）队列，通过计算机生成的分组随机化（分组大小= 4，按训练状态分层）进行模拟心肺复苏术：(1)实验干预：HeartSave M650 AED；(2)控制干预：常规HeartSave M600 AED。参与者在15分钟的洗脱期后完成了测试。结果评估者被屏蔽到设备分配。由于可见的设备差异，参与者没有失明。主要结果是指南推荐深度内的压缩比例，由带有视频验证的人体传感器测量。结果：主要结果显示M650显著改善了成人最佳深度按压（60.38% vs 29.54%, p p p p = 0.007）。结论：HeartSave M650提高了按压深度的准确性，比传统aed的准确率提高了一倍以上。其减少过深按压的能力进一步支持了其在标准化心肺复苏术质量方面的临床价值。

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引用次数: 0

First Evidences of the Point-Light Display Observation Methodology in Multi-Pathology Care: A Retrospective Analysis 多点光显示观察法在多病理护理中的初步证据：回顾性分析。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71800

Victor Francisco, Wejdene Abidi, Zeineb Mnif, Romain David, Maxime Billot, Christel Bidet-Ildei

Background and Aim

This study aims to retrospectively assess the point-light display (PLD) action observation methodology, in order to explore the effect of action observation treatment (AOT) for locomotion rehabilitation in aged patients at risk of falling.

Methods

The results of 30 patients were assessed with 10 patients benefiting from conventional rehabilitation program, 10 patients receiving an AOT program involving the observation of PLD representing a young actor, and 10 patients receiving an AOT program involving the observation of PLD representing an old actor (PLD-O).

Results

The analysis revealed more progress for patients who benefited from AOT observation compared to conventional therapy on standardized tests measuring daily life actions (Bartel index) and disability in the lower limbs (Short Physical Performance Battery) but only when PLD represented an old actor.

Discussion

These results suggest that an AOT program involving the observation of PLDs is a promising approach for rehabilitating patients at risk of falling in a clinical context but matching the motor repertoire seems a crucial factor for optimizing the effects.

背景与目的：本研究旨在回顾性评价点光显示（PLD）动作观察方法，探讨动作观察治疗（AOT）对老年跌倒风险患者运动康复的效果。方法：对30例患者的结果进行评估，其中10例患者采用常规康复方案，10例患者采用以观察PLD为代表的年轻行为者的AOT方案，10例患者采用以观察PLD为代表的老年行为者的AOT方案（PLD- o）。结果：分析显示，与常规治疗相比，受益于AOT观察的患者在测量日常生活活动（巴特尔指数）和下肢残疾（短物理性能电池）的标准化测试方面取得了更多进展，但仅当PLD代表老演员时。讨论：这些结果表明，在临床环境中，包括观察pld的AOT计划是一种有希望的方法，可以帮助有跌倒风险的患者康复，但匹配运动功能似乎是优化效果的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值与2型糖尿病血糖控制的关系：一项最新的系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71784

Maryam Mohammadi, Parsa Panahiyan, Faizan Bashir, Shayesteh Haghighi, Sara Ahmadi, Ensiyeh Olama, Yasaman Ghodsi Boushehri, Elnaz Olama, Alaleh Alizadeh, Zahra Sadat Hoseini Nasab, Mahdyieh Naziri, Niloofar Deravi, Neda Fakhrghasemi, Danyal Yarahmadi

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly seen as a chronic inflammatory state, with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) studied as a new biomarker of systemic inflammation. Evidence links NLR to glycemic control, but its consistency and strength vary. This review summarizes data on NLR's relationship with glycemic indicators, such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), across different T2DM glycemic states.

Methods

A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase through November 2025 to find studies that reported both NLR and glycemic control indicators in adults with T2DM. Data were systematically extracted based on predefined criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was measured using the I² statistic, and robustness was assessed using sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was investigated using Begg's and Egger's tests, trim-and-fill analysis, and funnel plot examination. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 18 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).

Results

The meta-analysis consisted of 27 studies (37 comparisons) with a total of 48,714 individuals from 11 nations. NLR demonstrated a stepwise gradient with deteriorating glycemic control: poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1c >  7%) had higher NLR than well-controlled T2DM (HbA1c ≤  7%) (p <  0.001), prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) (p <  0.001), and normoglycemia (HbA1c ≤  5.7%) (p =  0.037).

Conclusions

NLR rises progressively with deteriorating glycemic control and is markedly raised in poorly controlled T2DM. These observations endorse NLR as an inexpensive, widely available inflammatory biomarker that can augment conventional glycemic measures in the clinical setting.

背景： 2型糖尿病（T2DM）越来越被视为一种慢性炎症状态，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）被研究作为全身性炎症的新生物标志物。有证据表明NLR与血糖控制有关，但其一致性和强度各不相同。本文综述了不同T2DM血糖状态下NLR与血糖指标（如血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c)）之间的关系。方法：系统检索PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase的文献，检索截至2025年11月报告T2DM成人NLR和血糖控制指标的研究。根据预先确定的标准系统地提取数据。标准化平均差异（SMDs）与95%置信区间（ci）采用随机效应模型相结合。采用I²统计量测量异质性，采用敏感性分析评估稳健性。采用Begg’s和Egger’s检验、补边分析和漏斗图检验来调查发表偏倚。所有统计分析均使用STATA 18 （StataCorp, College Station， TX， USA）进行。结果：荟萃分析包括27项研究（37个比较），共有来自11个国家的48,714人。NLR随血糖控制的恶化呈逐步梯度：控制不良的T2DM （HbA1c > 7%）的NLR高于控制良好的T2DM (HbA1c≤ 7%)（p p p = 0.037）。结论：NLR随着血糖控制的恶化而逐渐升高，在控制不良的T2DM中显著升高。这些观察结果支持NLR作为一种廉价的、广泛可用的炎症生物标志物，可以在临床环境中增加传统的血糖测量。

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引用次数: 0

Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Older Adult Lifestyle Scale 波斯语版老年人生活方式量表的翻译与心理测量特征。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71785

Fatemeh Mehriyan, Neda Ahmadzadeh Tori, Hamid Sharif-Nia, Samaneh Pourhadi, Mina Galeshi, Mostafa maleki

<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>The global increase in older adults necessitates reliable tools to assess lifestyle factors that influence healthy aging. Existing Western lifestyle assessment instruments often lack cultural relevance for non-Western populations, including Iran. This study aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Older Adult Lifestyle Scale (P-OALS) among community-dwelling older adults in Iran.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>In this cross-sectional methodological study, for construct validity assessment, a total of 397 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited from the city of Babol, Iran. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. The P-OALS was translated using the Forward-Backward method and rigorously evaluated for psychometric properties. The translation process followed WHO guidelines. Face and content validity were evaluated through a panel review conducted by 10 subject matter experts. Additionally, it was further assessed through interviews with a sample of 10 older adults. Construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was tested through internal consistency and test–retest stability, while convergent/discriminant validity was analyzed using composite reliability and average variance extracted. The questionnaires were administered by trained researchers through structured face-to-face sessions with participants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Face validity showed that 90% of items were rated as clear. Expert panel evaluation confirmed acceptable content validity (CVI > 0.79; CVR > 0.62). EFA revealed a robust four-factor structure—Quality of Relationships (6 items), Preventive Behaviors (5 items), Nutrition (4 items), and Physical Activity (4 items)—accounting for 55.4% of the total variance. CFA confirmed excellent model fit (comparative fit index = 0.923, root mean square error of approximation = 0.064, parsimony normed fit index = 0.712). The P-OALS demonstrated strong reliability (<i>α</i> = 0.86, ICC = 0.859) and validity, with all subscales meeting psychometric benchmarks.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The P-OALS is a valid, reliable, and culturally adapted instrument for assessing the lifestyle of older persons residing in Babol, Iran. Its concise format and contextual relevance make it valuable for research and clinical practice. Future studies should explore its applicability in broader popu

背景：全球老年人的增加需要可靠的工具来评估影响健康老龄化的生活方式因素。现有的西方生活方式评估工具对包括伊朗在内的非西方人群往往缺乏文化相关性。本研究旨在翻译和评估波斯语版老年人生活方式量表（P-OALS）在伊朗社区居住的老年人中的心理测量特性。方法：采用横断面方法学研究，从伊朗巴博勒市招募了397名60岁及以上的社区老年人进行结构效度评估。采用方便抽样的方法选择参与者。P-OALS使用前向-后向方法进行翻译，并严格评估心理测量特性。翻译过程遵循世卫组织的指导方针。面孔效度和内容效度是通过由10名主题专家进行的小组审查来评估的。此外，还通过对10名老年人的访谈进一步进行了评估。采用探索性因子分析（EFA）和验证性因子分析（CFA）检验结构效度。信度通过内部一致性和重测稳定性进行检验，而收敛/判别效度采用复合信度和提取平均方差进行分析。调查问卷由训练有素的研究人员通过结构化的面对面会议与参与者进行管理。结果：面部效度显示90%的题目被评为清晰。专家小组评估确认了可接受的内容效度（CVI > 0.79; CVR > 0.62）。EFA显示了一个稳健的四因素结构-关系质量（6项），预防行为（5项），营养（4项）和体育活动（4项）-占总方差的55.4%。CFA证实模型拟合良好（比较拟合指数= 0.923，近似均方根误差= 0.064，简约归一拟合指数= 0.712）。P-OALS具有较强的信度（α = 0.86, ICC = 0.859）和效度，所有分量表均符合心理测量标准。结论：P-OALS是评估伊朗巴博勒老年人生活方式的有效、可靠和文化适应的工具。其简洁的格式和上下文相关性使其对研究和临床实践有价值。未来的研究应探索其在更广泛的人群和纵向设置的适用性，以进一步建立普遍性。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Antifungal Drugs in Candida Species Isolated From Diaper Rash of Neonates 新生儿尿布疹念珠菌的分子鉴定及耐药性评价。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71767

Fariba Shirvani, Mahsa Fattahi, Abdollah Karimi, Shahnaz Armin, Seyed Alireza Fahimzad, Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Roxana Mansour Ghanaei, Fatemeh Fallah, Alireza Firooz, Shahrzad Tabatabaee, Mitra Radfar, Dorsa Kalani, Hossein Foroozan, Afagh firoozgaeean Galoogah, Pegah Tamimi

Background

Diaper dermatitis, also recognized as diaper rash, is one of the most frequent skin conditions in neonates.

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 babies participated in the study. Eligibility included neonates aged 5–28 days and full-time diaper wearers. Participants were categorized into two groups: those who received systemic antibiotics for at least 1 week and those who did not, in order to assess the impact of antibiotic use on diaper rash. The antifungal susceptibility was determined based on the reference method M60 CLSI.

Results

Among 100 specimens, 50 cases suffered from Candida infection. The Candida albicans (34, 68%) was reported as the most frequent species, followed by C. kefyer (10, 20%), C. tropicalis (4, 8%), and C. glabrata (2; 4%). Nystatin, posaconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and clotrimazole showed high activity against all species (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ≤ 0.125 µg/mL). The resistance frequency of C. albicans to itraconazole and fluconazole was 65.5% and 12.7%, respectively (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 16 and minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 64, respectively). The allele with the K143R and Y132F replacements displayed the strongest characterized combination effect, with 14-fold and 18-fold increased itraconazole and fluconazole MICs, respectively.

Conclusion

The selection of itraconazole and fluconazole-resistant isolates of candida among pediatric population may be a concern because C. albicans can be involved in invasive infections. The treatment of recurrent invasive candidiasis, needing repeated course of fluconazole or itraconazole, could be a risk factor for selecting resistant isolates. In addition, as the liposomal amphotericin B is no more commercialized in our country, a higher drug selection pressure for azoles may be expected in the future.

背景：尿布皮炎，又称尿布疹，是新生儿最常见的皮肤病之一。材料与方法：共有100名婴儿参与研究。研究对象包括5-28天的新生儿和全职穿纸尿裤的人。为了评估抗生素使用对尿布疹的影响，参与者被分为两组：接受全身抗生素治疗至少一周的组和未接受全身抗生素治疗的组。采用参考方法M60 CLSI进行药敏试验。结果：100例标本中，念珠菌感染50例。白色念珠菌（34.68%）是最常见的菌种，其次是凯夫氏念珠菌（10.20%）、热带念珠菌（4.8%）和光秃念珠菌（2.4%）。制霉菌素、泊沙康唑、伏立康唑、两性霉素B、酮康唑和克霉唑对所有菌种均有较高的抑菌活性（最低抑菌浓度≤0.125µg/mL）。白色念珠菌对伊曲康唑和氟康唑的耐药率分别为65.5%和12.7%（最小抑制浓度分别≥16和64）。替换K143R和Y132F的等位基因表现出最强的特化组合效应，伊曲康唑和氟康唑的mic分别增加了14倍和18倍。结论：由于白色念珠菌可能涉及侵袭性感染，因此在儿童人群中选择伊曲康唑和氟康唑耐药念珠菌可能是一个值得关注的问题。复发性侵袭性念珠菌病的治疗需要反复使用氟康唑或伊曲康唑，这可能是选择耐药菌株的危险因素。此外，由于两性霉素B脂质体在我国尚未商品化，未来唑类药物的选择压力可能会更大。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the Long-Term Emotional Trauma Experiences of Mothers With a History of Preeclampsia: A Qualitative Study 探讨有子痫前期病史的母亲的长期情绪创伤经历：一项定性研究。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71733

Shahnaz Kohan, Sara Faghihi, Ziba Farajzadegan, Negin Rezavand, Mastaneh Kamravamanesh

Background

Mothers with preeclampsia may experience severe mental health problems during both the prenatal and postnatal periods. Therefore, it is essential to address their psychological needs, particularly after childbirth. This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers with a history of preeclampsia within the Iranian socio-cultural context using a qualitative approach.

Materials and Methods

This study employed a qualitative content analysis design. Eleven women with a history of preeclampsia and 21 maternal healthcare providers and policymakers were selected through purposive sampling in Kermanshah, Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews until data saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using conventional content analysis, during which codes, subcategories, and main categories were identified through an inductive process.

Results

Data analysis resulted in four main categories: (1) mothers' mental trauma following preeclampsia, (2) neglect of mothers' mental health by families and professionals, (3) mothers' and families' need for support in coping with preeclampsia complications, and (4) the need for long-term mental health follow-up.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of preventing emotional trauma in women with preeclampsia. Early screening for psychological distress and implementing appropriate interventions—such as family-centered care, education for mothers and families about preeclampsia and its consequences, and preparation for coping with related complications—can significantly improve the mental health and long-term quality of life of these women.

背景：患有先兆子痫的母亲在产前和产后可能会经历严重的心理健康问题。因此，解决她们的心理需求是至关重要的，尤其是在分娩后。本研究旨在利用定性方法探讨伊朗社会文化背景下具有先兆子痫史的母亲的经历。材料与方法：本研究采用定性内容分析设计。通过有目的抽样，在伊朗克尔曼沙阿选择了11名有子痫前期病史的妇女和21名孕产妇保健提供者和政策制定者。通过半结构化访谈收集数据，直到达到数据饱和。访谈被逐字记录下来，并使用传统的内容分析进行分析，在此过程中，通过归纳过程确定代码，子类别和主要类别。结果：数据分析得出四个主要类别：(1)子痫前期母亲的心理创伤；(2)家庭和专业人员对母亲心理健康的忽视；(3)母亲和家庭在应对子痫前期并发症方面的支持需求；(4)长期心理健康随访需求。结论：研究结果强调了预防子痫前期女性情绪创伤的重要性。早期筛查心理困扰并实施适当的干预措施，如以家庭为中心的护理，对母亲和家庭进行先兆子痫及其后果的教育，以及为应对相关并发症做好准备，可以显著改善这些妇女的心理健康和长期生活质量。

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引用次数: 0