Yashika Gupta, Abdul Rehman Shahid Khan, Viraj Shetty, Yeshwini Murali Krishna, Ayisha Maqsood, Muhammad Husnain Ahmad, Masab Ali, Betsy Samuel, Ali Gohar, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Bilal Afzal, Rehan Naseer Ahmad, Saqib Maqsood
Background and Aims
Heyde syndrome, a triad of anemia from gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, aortic valve stenosis, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome, primarily affects individuals over 65. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical therapy, endoscopic intervention, and valve replacement. Despite advances, many aspects remain unclear. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of Heyde syndrome while highlighting areas for future research.
Methods
A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar focused on English-language human studies, including case reports, clinical trials, reviews, and expert guidelines. Additional literature on Von Willebrand syndrome and GI angiodysplasia was reviewed. The final search was completed on April 5, 2025.
Results
Aortic valve replacement improves outcomes and hematologic abnormalities. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) showed lower rates of life-threatening bleeding, fewer perioperative complications, and reduced transfusions compared to surgical replacement. Guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 3–6 months post-TAVR, with 79%–86% of patients experiencing no recurrence of GI bleeds. Management of intestinal angiodysplasia often shows high recurrence rates due to persistent lesions and vWS-2A. Surgical valve replacement also improves bleeding control, even with anticoagulation. Aortic valve replacement should be first-line therapy in severe aortic stenosis with chronic GI bleeding.
Conclusion
Heyde syndrome remains a complex and often underrecognized condition in elderly populations. Continued research is critical to deepen understanding and improve patient outcomes, allowing for more personalized and effective care strategies.
{"title":"Heyde Syndrome: A Literature Review","authors":"Yashika Gupta, Abdul Rehman Shahid Khan, Viraj Shetty, Yeshwini Murali Krishna, Ayisha Maqsood, Muhammad Husnain Ahmad, Masab Ali, Betsy Samuel, Ali Gohar, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Bilal Afzal, Rehan Naseer Ahmad, Saqib Maqsood","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71778","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71778","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heyde syndrome, a triad of anemia from gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, aortic valve stenosis, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome, primarily affects individuals over 65. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical therapy, endoscopic intervention, and valve replacement. Despite advances, many aspects remain unclear. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of Heyde syndrome while highlighting areas for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar focused on English-language human studies, including case reports, clinical trials, reviews, and expert guidelines. Additional literature on Von Willebrand syndrome and GI angiodysplasia was reviewed. The final search was completed on April 5, 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aortic valve replacement improves outcomes and hematologic abnormalities. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) showed lower rates of life-threatening bleeding, fewer perioperative complications, and reduced transfusions compared to surgical replacement. Guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 3–6 months post-TAVR, with 79%–86% of patients experiencing no recurrence of GI bleeds. Management of intestinal angiodysplasia often shows high recurrence rates due to persistent lesions and vWS-2A. Surgical valve replacement also improves bleeding control, even with anticoagulation. Aortic valve replacement should be first-line therapy in severe aortic stenosis with chronic GI bleeding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heyde syndrome remains a complex and often underrecognized condition in elderly populations. Continued research is critical to deepen understanding and improve patient outcomes, allowing for more personalized and effective care strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matin Bidares, Borna Safari-kish, Hesam Malekzadeh-Shoushtari, Mahsa Aziz
Background
Obesity is an escalating worldwide health issue, and bariatric surgery has demonstrated efficacy as a strategy for substantial weight reduction and metabolic improvement. Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic peptide, is associated with appetite control and energy balance; nevertheless, its response following bariatric surgery is variable. This meta-analysis assesses the effects of bariatric surgery on BMI and nesfatin-1 concentrations in individuals with obesity.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, according to PRISMA criteria. Included were studies examining pre- and post-surgical alterations in BMI and nesfatin-1 levels. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate aggregated effect sizes, heterogeneity, and possible publication bias.
Results
Seven trials with a total of 237 patients were examined. Bariatric surgery resulted in a substantial decrease in BMI (−10.23, 95% CI: −13.00 to −7.46; p < 0.001), exhibiting moderate-to-high heterogeneity (I² = 84.16%). Nesfatin-1 levels demonstrated a non-significant increase following surgery (10.22, 95% CI: −3.42 to 23.86; p = 0.14) and considerable heterogeneity (I² = 99.98%). The funnel plot indicated little publication bias, however the Galbraith plot identified probable outlier research that contributed to variability.
Conclusion
Bariatric surgery markedly decreases BMI, underscoring its importance in obesity management. The impact on nesfatin-1 levels remains ambiguous due to significant variability and variances specific to each studies. Additional study employing standardized procedures and extended follow-up durations is necessary to clarify the function of nesfatin-1 in post-surgical metabolic control.
背景：肥胖是一个日益严重的全球性健康问题，减肥手术已被证明是一种有效的减肥和改善代谢的策略。Nesfatin-1是一种无氧肽，与食欲控制和能量平衡有关；然而，它在减肥手术后的反应是可变的。本荟萃分析评估了减肥手术对肥胖患者BMI和nesfatin-1浓度的影响。方法：根据PRISMA标准，在PubMed、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science中进行综合文献检索。其中包括检查手术前后BMI和巢脂素-1水平变化的研究。进行随机效应荟萃分析以评估总体效应大小、异质性和可能的发表偏倚。结果：7项试验共237例患者。减肥手术导致BMI显著下降（-10.23,95% CI: -13.00 ~ -7.46; p²= 84.16%）。Nesfatin-1水平在手术后无显著升高（10.22,95% CI: -3.42 ~ 23.86; p = 0.14），且异质性显著（I²= 99.98%）。漏斗图显示发表偏倚很小，但加尔布雷斯图确定了可能的异常研究，导致变异性。结论：减肥手术可显著降低BMI，在肥胖治疗中具有重要意义。由于每个研究都有显著的可变性和差异，因此对巢脂素-1水平的影响仍然不明确。需要采用标准化程序和延长随访时间的进一步研究来阐明nesfatin-1在术后代谢控制中的功能。
{"title":"The Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Serum Level of Nesfatin-1: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Matin Bidares, Borna Safari-kish, Hesam Malekzadeh-Shoushtari, Mahsa Aziz","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71759","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71759","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is an escalating worldwide health issue, and bariatric surgery has demonstrated efficacy as a strategy for substantial weight reduction and metabolic improvement. Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic peptide, is associated with appetite control and energy balance; nevertheless, its response following bariatric surgery is variable. This meta-analysis assesses the effects of bariatric surgery on BMI and nesfatin-1 concentrations in individuals with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, according to PRISMA criteria. Included were studies examining pre- and post-surgical alterations in BMI and nesfatin-1 levels. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate aggregated effect sizes, heterogeneity, and possible publication bias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven trials with a total of 237 patients were examined. Bariatric surgery resulted in a substantial decrease in BMI (−10.23, 95% CI: −13.00 to −7.46; <i>p</i> < 0.001), exhibiting moderate-to-high heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 84.16%). Nesfatin-1 levels demonstrated a non-significant increase following surgery (10.22, 95% CI: −3.42 to 23.86; <i>p</i> = 0.14) and considerable heterogeneity (I² = 99.98%). The funnel plot indicated little publication bias, however the Galbraith plot identified probable outlier research that contributed to variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bariatric surgery markedly decreases BMI, underscoring its importance in obesity management. The impact on nesfatin-1 levels remains ambiguous due to significant variability and variances specific to each studies. Additional study employing standardized procedures and extended follow-up durations is necessary to clarify the function of nesfatin-1 in post-surgical metabolic control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Katayoun Jalali, Mahmoudreza Peyravi, Mohammad Hasan Keshavarzi, Rita Rezaee, Mostafa Moazam Fard
Introduction
Studies on the responses of older people who have experienced disasters are contradictory, suggesting two opposing theoretical approaches: the vulnerability and resilience approaches. Therefore, this qualitative study examines the impact of the media on Iranian elderly people during the Gaza war in 2024.
Methods
This qualitative study employed purposive sampling to select 12 elderly participants aged 65 years and older. Data collection was done from September to December 2024 through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed, and the data analysis was conducted following the steps outlined by Graneheim and Lundman.
Results
Results revealed three major themes: emotional exhaustion, physical stress responses, and resilience through social connection. Participants reported symptoms such as sleep disturbances, elevated blood pressure, and persistent anxiety after prolonged exposure to war-related media. Despite these challenges, some individuals demonstrated adaptive coping strategies, including limiting media intake and engaging in community support programs. These findings highlight the dual impact of media exposure—both distressing and mobilizing—among elderly populations.
Conclusion
It is necessary to strengthen the elderly's resilience to reduce the psychological and physical stress effects of war news on them. This can be achieved by practicing stress control and management, emphasizing social connections, developing a proper understanding of the media environment, and, most importantly, monitoring the contents broadcast by the media. Implementing a violent content label to give the audience the right to choose can help prevent media-related risks. These measures are crucial for this purpose.
{"title":"The Impact of Adverse News About the Gaza War on the Health of Iranian Elderly People: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Katayoun Jalali, Mahmoudreza Peyravi, Mohammad Hasan Keshavarzi, Rita Rezaee, Mostafa Moazam Fard","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71762","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71762","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on the responses of older people who have experienced disasters are contradictory, suggesting two opposing theoretical approaches: the vulnerability and resilience approaches. Therefore, this qualitative study examines the impact of the media on Iranian elderly people during the Gaza war in 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This qualitative study employed purposive sampling to select 12 elderly participants aged 65 years and older. Data collection was done from September to December 2024 through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed, and the data analysis was conducted following the steps outlined by Graneheim and Lundman.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed three major themes: emotional exhaustion, physical stress responses, and resilience through social connection. Participants reported symptoms such as sleep disturbances, elevated blood pressure, and persistent anxiety after prolonged exposure to war-related media. Despite these challenges, some individuals demonstrated adaptive coping strategies, including limiting media intake and engaging in community support programs. These findings highlight the dual impact of media exposure—both distressing and mobilizing—among elderly populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is necessary to strengthen the elderly's resilience to reduce the psychological and physical stress effects of war news on them. This can be achieved by practicing stress control and management, emphasizing social connections, developing a proper understanding of the media environment, and, most importantly, monitoring the contents broadcast by the media. Implementing a violent content label to give the audience the right to choose can help prevent media-related risks. These measures are crucial for this purpose.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12851892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leila Modarresnia, Meysam Olfatifar, Sayed Hussain Mosawi, Abouzar Babaei, Seyyed Hamidreza Ghafelehbashi, Ioannis Adamopoulos, Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh, Mehdi Bakht, Fariba Najar Hoseini, Ali Asghari, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Milad Badri
Introduction
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide-distributed zoonotic parasite, causing latent infections in humans. Increasing evidence has suggested a possible link between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus (DM), though data from Iran are limited. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection and its association with diabetes in Qazvin province, north-western Iran.
Materials and Methods
In this case-control study, 350 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 350 non-diabetic controls were recruited from clinical laboratories in Qazvin province. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on sociodemographic variables and exposures were obtained by structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, such as χ2, t-test, and logistic regression, were performed using the STATA software version 17.
Results
Overall, 21.1% (148/700) of the participants were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Compared with the controls, diabetic patients had a significantly higher seroprevalence of infection (27.7% vs. 14.6%). Seropositivity was positively associated with older age and rural residence, whereas no association was found with respect to sex, education, occupation, or dietary habits (consumption of raw or undercooked meat, raw eggs, and unwashed vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age and residence, identified diabetes status as a significant factor associated with T. gondii seropositivity (adjusted OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.74–3.95, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The results indicated a higher seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection in diabetic patients from Qazvin province, suggesting an epidemiological association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes. Significant correlates identified included age and living environment. These findings underscore a notable epidemiological link between latent toxoplasmosis and type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for integrated public health attention to this association in endemic regions.
简介：刚地弓形虫是一种分布在世界各地的人畜共患寄生虫，可引起人类潜伏感染。尽管来自伊朗的数据有限，但越来越多的证据表明弓形虫病与糖尿病（DM）之间可能存在联系。本研究旨在确定伊朗西北部加兹温省潜伏性弓形虫感染的血清患病率及其与糖尿病的关系。材料与方法：在本病例对照研究中，从Qazvin省临床实验室招募了350例2型糖尿病患者和350例非糖尿病对照组。Anti-T。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测弓形虫IgG抗体。社会人口学变量和暴露数据通过结构化问卷获得。统计学分析，如χ 2、t检验和逻辑回归，使用STATA软件版本17进行。结果：总体而言，21.1%（148/700）的参与者血清弓形虫IgG抗体阳性。与对照组相比，糖尿病患者血清感染阳性率明显高于对照组（27.7% vs. 14.6%）。血清阳性与年龄和农村居住呈正相关，而与性别、教育、职业或饮食习惯（食用生的或未煮熟的肉、生的鸡蛋和未洗的蔬菜）没有关联。经年龄和居住地调整后的多因素logistic回归发现，糖尿病是弓形虫血清阳性的重要影响因素（校正OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.74-3.95, p）。结论：加兹温省糖尿病患者潜伏性弓形虫血清感染率较高，提示弓形虫病与糖尿病之间存在流行病学关联。确定的显著相关因素包括年龄和生活环境。这些发现强调了潜伏弓形虫病与2型糖尿病之间的显著流行病学联系，强调了在流行地区对这种关联进行综合公共卫生关注的必要性。
{"title":"Public Health Implications of Latent Toxoplasmosis and Its Association With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case–Control Study in Qazvin, North-Western Iran","authors":"Leila Modarresnia, Meysam Olfatifar, Sayed Hussain Mosawi, Abouzar Babaei, Seyyed Hamidreza Ghafelehbashi, Ioannis Adamopoulos, Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh, Mehdi Bakht, Fariba Najar Hoseini, Ali Asghari, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Milad Badri","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71782","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71782","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a worldwide-distributed zoonotic parasite, causing latent infections in humans. Increasing evidence has suggested a possible link between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus (DM), though data from Iran are limited. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of latent <i>T. gondii</i> infection and its association with diabetes in Qazvin province, north-western Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case-control study, 350 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 350 non-diabetic controls were recruited from clinical laboratories in Qazvin province. Anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on sociodemographic variables and exposures were obtained by structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, such as <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup>, <i>t</i>-test, and logistic regression, were performed using the STATA software version 17.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 21.1% (148/700) of the participants were seropositive for <i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibodies. Compared with the controls, diabetic patients had a significantly higher seroprevalence of infection (27.7% vs. 14.6%). Seropositivity was positively associated with older age and rural residence, whereas no association was found with respect to sex, education, occupation, or dietary habits (consumption of raw or undercooked meat, raw eggs, and unwashed vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age and residence, identified diabetes status as a significant factor associated with <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity (adjusted OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.74–3.95, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated a higher seroprevalence of latent <i>T. gondii</i> infection in diabetic patients from Qazvin province, suggesting an epidemiological association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes. Significant correlates identified included age and living environment. These findings underscore a notable epidemiological link between latent toxoplasmosis and type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for integrated public health attention to this association in endemic regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12851900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moein Zangiabadian, Mehrdad Jafari Tadi, Fateme Yousefimoghaddam, Ali Zangiabadian, Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
Background and Aims
One of the important complications of knee and hip replacement arthroplasty is prosthetic joint infection (PJI), which is usually accompanied by negative culture that leads to severe consequences compared to positive ones. This study aims to evaluate the arbitrary use or mistreatment of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes before the final diagnosis of PJI and its effect on the culture result and the process of diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
Method
A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus using the following keywords: “PJI,” “Antibiotic therapy,” “False negative,” and “Culture.” We included clinical trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies written in English.
Results
Among the nine reviewed studies, all mentioned the therapeutic use of antibiotics as an important reason for negative culture results in PJI. Five studies examined the minimum recommended time for discontinuing antibiotic therapy, which varied from 4 days to 3 months. Four studies evaluated the type and dosage of antibiotics, and one study discussed the effect of antibiotics on tissue-infecting microorganisms.
Conclusion
Using antibiotics for therapeutic purposes is the leading cause of false-negative cultures in joint prosthesis infections, which reduces the sensitivity of the culture in different ways, such as bacterial biofilm formation. Discontinuing antibiotics at least 2 weeks before sampling can help increase the sensitivity of the culturing. More studies should be done on other factors related to the effect of antibiotics on culture results, including the type of antibiotic and microorganism. With the available data, it can only be said that beta-lactams are the most common antibiotics used as therapeutic agents, leading to negative culture results. According to the Al-Mayahi study, therapeutic antibiotics increase the possibility of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria growth.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Therapeutic Antibiotics in Prosthetic Joint Infections Culturing: A Narrative Review","authors":"Moein Zangiabadian, Mehrdad Jafari Tadi, Fateme Yousefimoghaddam, Ali Zangiabadian, Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71799","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71799","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of the important complications of knee and hip replacement arthroplasty is prosthetic joint infection (PJI), which is usually accompanied by negative culture that leads to severe consequences compared to positive ones. This study aims to evaluate the arbitrary use or mistreatment of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes before the final diagnosis of PJI and its effect on the culture result and the process of diagnosis and treatment of these infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus using the following keywords: “PJI,” “Antibiotic therapy,” “False negative,” and “Culture.” We included clinical trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies written in English.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the nine reviewed studies, all mentioned the therapeutic use of antibiotics as an important reason for negative culture results in PJI. Five studies examined the minimum recommended time for discontinuing antibiotic therapy, which varied from 4 days to 3 months. Four studies evaluated the type and dosage of antibiotics, and one study discussed the effect of antibiotics on tissue-infecting microorganisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using antibiotics for therapeutic purposes is the leading cause of false-negative cultures in joint prosthesis infections, which reduces the sensitivity of the culture in different ways, such as bacterial biofilm formation. Discontinuing antibiotics at least 2 weeks before sampling can help increase the sensitivity of the culturing. More studies should be done on other factors related to the effect of antibiotics on culture results, including the type of antibiotic and microorganism. With the available data, it can only be said that beta-lactams are the most common antibiotics used as therapeutic agents, leading to negative culture results. According to the Al-Mayahi study, therapeutic antibiotics increase the possibility of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Legacy drug-prescribing, the practice of continuing fixed-term drug therapy indefinitely without strong evidence of long-term therapeutic benefit, is a growing concern in healthcare [<span>1</span>]. Legacy drug prescribing can contribute to polypharmacy, which is associated with adverse health outcomes [<span>2</span>]. Several studies have highlighted significant proportions of elderly patients receiving legacy drug prescriptions for antidepressants, bisphosphonates, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) [<span>1, 3, 4</span>]. In British Columbia, the provincial government operates the BC Pharmacare Drug Plan, which provides medication funding for individuals [<span>5</span>]. Within this plan, the Limited Coverage program (BCPLC) funds medications only when patients meet specific medical criteria, with coverage typically granted for defined durations [<span>5</span>].</p><p>Because such funding rules shape access, drug policy itself can influence prescribing patterns. Irish data show polypharmacy is more common among patients with subsidized coverage than those paying out-of-pocket [<span>4</span>]. Medicare Part D similarly increased both essential and low-value drug use [<span>3</span>], while British Columbia's reference pricing policy shifted patients to lower-cost equivalents without harm [<span>6</span>]. Together, this evidence suggests that funding arrangements can either reinforce problematic polypharmacy or promote more cost-effective prescribing. This study aims to assess whether BCPLC funding criteria contribute to legacy drug prescribing specifically and/or problematic polypharmacy.</p><p>We analyzed the 2022 BCPLC formulary, comprising 302 medications, focusing on the covered indications and duration of therapy (DOT) for each medication [<span>5</span>]. A multidisciplinary research group consisting of two pharmacist members of the BC Ministry of Health, a pharmacist and two research assistants developed a standardized data collection form. This form extracted the BCPLC covered indications and funding durations, as well as the listed indications and durations found in best-available evidence, such as systematic reviews, Health Canada drug monographs, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (now known as Canada's Drug Agency) reimbursement recommendations, and clinical databases like UpToDate and Lexicomp [<span>7</span>]. We compared BCPLC criteria with referenced durations and indications and identified two types of mismatches: duration of therapy mismatch (DOTM) and indication mismatches (IM) [<span>5</span>]. We looked to see if medications with mismatches were listed as potentially inappropriate according to Beer's 2019 criteria [<span>8</span>]. All analyses were descriptive only; no statistical calculations were done. No Research Ethics Board approval was required as this was a quality assurance project.</p><p>Of 286 medications analyzed, 40% exhibited at least one mismatch (see Figure 1), predominantly DOTMs,
{"title":"Drug Coverage Policy and Legacy Prescribing: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in British Columbia","authors":"Aydan Con, Ivy Thrasher, Aaron M. Tejani","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71718","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71718","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Legacy drug-prescribing, the practice of continuing fixed-term drug therapy indefinitely without strong evidence of long-term therapeutic benefit, is a growing concern in healthcare [<span>1</span>]. Legacy drug prescribing can contribute to polypharmacy, which is associated with adverse health outcomes [<span>2</span>]. Several studies have highlighted significant proportions of elderly patients receiving legacy drug prescriptions for antidepressants, bisphosphonates, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) [<span>1, 3, 4</span>]. In British Columbia, the provincial government operates the BC Pharmacare Drug Plan, which provides medication funding for individuals [<span>5</span>]. Within this plan, the Limited Coverage program (BCPLC) funds medications only when patients meet specific medical criteria, with coverage typically granted for defined durations [<span>5</span>].</p><p>Because such funding rules shape access, drug policy itself can influence prescribing patterns. Irish data show polypharmacy is more common among patients with subsidized coverage than those paying out-of-pocket [<span>4</span>]. Medicare Part D similarly increased both essential and low-value drug use [<span>3</span>], while British Columbia's reference pricing policy shifted patients to lower-cost equivalents without harm [<span>6</span>]. Together, this evidence suggests that funding arrangements can either reinforce problematic polypharmacy or promote more cost-effective prescribing. This study aims to assess whether BCPLC funding criteria contribute to legacy drug prescribing specifically and/or problematic polypharmacy.</p><p>We analyzed the 2022 BCPLC formulary, comprising 302 medications, focusing on the covered indications and duration of therapy (DOT) for each medication [<span>5</span>]. A multidisciplinary research group consisting of two pharmacist members of the BC Ministry of Health, a pharmacist and two research assistants developed a standardized data collection form. This form extracted the BCPLC covered indications and funding durations, as well as the listed indications and durations found in best-available evidence, such as systematic reviews, Health Canada drug monographs, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (now known as Canada's Drug Agency) reimbursement recommendations, and clinical databases like UpToDate and Lexicomp [<span>7</span>]. We compared BCPLC criteria with referenced durations and indications and identified two types of mismatches: duration of therapy mismatch (DOTM) and indication mismatches (IM) [<span>5</span>]. We looked to see if medications with mismatches were listed as potentially inappropriate according to Beer's 2019 criteria [<span>8</span>]. All analyses were descriptive only; no statistical calculations were done. No Research Ethics Board approval was required as this was a quality assurance project.</p><p>Of 286 medications analyzed, 40% exhibited at least one mismatch (see Figure 1), predominantly DOTMs, ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the burden of influenza, significant efforts have been made to understand its geographical and temporal patterns to advise influenza prevention. Influenza temporal patterns have been affected since the emergence of COVID-19, presumably attributed to nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs). Understanding the changes in influenza activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in different climate regions is urgently needed to inform decision-making in future influenza control measures and prevention policies.
Methods
This study analysed influenza surveillance data (2012–2022) collected from the FluNet database to compare the patterns of long-term influenza activity in nine selected temperate and tropical countries. The long-term influenza activity in each country was compared before and after the emergence of COVID-19. The level of NPI stringency was measured using the stringency index (SI). Interrupted time series (ITS) analyses were performed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 NPIs on the changes in influenza patterns before and after the stringent implementation of NPIs in the selected countries.
Results
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza activity in temperate countries appeared in winter, while the seasonality patterns in tropical countries were irregular and lasted longer than in temperate countries. During the pandemic, influenza cases decreased drastically in all selected countries, even though the amount of influenza testing remained adequate. The ITS results confirmed a significantly inverse relationship between stringency of NPIs and influenza activity. Although influenza cases have reemerged following the removal of NPIs, the patterns of influenza activity worldwide remain undergoing transitioning shifts post-pandemic. International collaboration is needed to continue monitoring future changes in influenza patterns to prevent large outbreaks.
Conclusion
There has been a change in the temporal patterns of influenza activity worldwide after the pandemic. NPIs have shown a significant effect in reducing influenza activity in all selected countries.
{"title":"How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Influenza Seasonality Patterns in Different Climate Regions?—A Time-Series Analysis","authors":"Ricardo Fonseca, Galana Mamo Ayana, Patricia Lee","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71456","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71456","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to the burden of influenza, significant efforts have been made to understand its geographical and temporal patterns to advise influenza prevention. Influenza temporal patterns have been affected since the emergence of COVID-19, presumably attributed to nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs). Understanding the changes in influenza activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in different climate regions is urgently needed to inform decision-making in future influenza control measures and prevention policies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study analysed influenza surveillance data (2012–2022) collected from the FluNet database to compare the patterns of long-term influenza activity in nine selected temperate and tropical countries. The long-term influenza activity in each country was compared before and after the emergence of COVID-19. The level of NPI stringency was measured using the stringency index (SI). Interrupted time series (ITS) analyses were performed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 NPIs on the changes in influenza patterns before and after the stringent implementation of NPIs in the selected countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Before the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza activity in temperate countries appeared in winter, while the seasonality patterns in tropical countries were irregular and lasted longer than in temperate countries. During the pandemic, influenza cases decreased drastically in all selected countries, even though the amount of influenza testing remained adequate. The ITS results confirmed a significantly inverse relationship between stringency of NPIs and influenza activity. Although influenza cases have reemerged following the removal of NPIs, the patterns of influenza activity worldwide remain undergoing transitioning shifts post-pandemic. International collaboration is needed to continue monitoring future changes in influenza patterns to prevent large outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been a change in the temporal patterns of influenza activity worldwide after the pandemic. NPIs have shown a significant effect in reducing influenza activity in all selected countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Himpe, Quentin Neuville, Taylor Frantz, Jef Vandemeulebroucke, Lieven Moke, Georges Vles, Stijn Ghijselings, Thierry Scheerlinck
Background and Aims
This study evaluated the accuracy of a standalone augmented reality (AR) navigation system using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The system integrates infrared (IR) tracking and a preoperative 3D CT model for intraoperative visualization and guidance. The aim was to assess whether this AR-based solution could achieve clinically acceptable accuracy for use as a surgical navigation tool.
Methods
A dedicated AR application was developed to perform six-degrees-of-freedom pose estimation using inside-out tracking. Registration accuracy was assessed using six femur replicas with predefined target points. The registration pipeline combined landmark-based initialization with iterative surface refinement. Target registration error (TRE) was calculated for each point, and the influence of anatomical region, axis, surgical approach (anterior vs. posterior), and user experience level was analyzed.
Results
The system achieved a mean TRE of 3.61 ± 2.18 mm. Significant variations in accuracy were observed between anatomical regions (p = 0.019) and along different axes (p < 0.001), with the highest errors noted along the anteroposterior axis and in distal femoral regions. No significant differences were found between anterior and posterior approaches or among users with varying levels of experience, indicating operator-independent performance.
Conclusion
The AR navigation system demonstrated consistent and accurate registration performance across users and approaches. With a mean TRE of ~3 mm, the system meets accuracy requirements for potential clinical application in THA. Further cadaveric validation is recommended to confirm surgical feasibility and applicability.
{"title":"Augmented Reality-Based Femur Registration With Head-Mounted Display and Infrared Tracking Device as Stand-Alone Navigation Tool: A Preclinical Validation Study","authors":"Nicolas Himpe, Quentin Neuville, Taylor Frantz, Jef Vandemeulebroucke, Lieven Moke, Georges Vles, Stijn Ghijselings, Thierry Scheerlinck","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71723","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71723","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the accuracy of a standalone augmented reality (AR) navigation system using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The system integrates infrared (IR) tracking and a preoperative 3D CT model for intraoperative visualization and guidance. The aim was to assess whether this AR-based solution could achieve clinically acceptable accuracy for use as a surgical navigation tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dedicated AR application was developed to perform six-degrees-of-freedom pose estimation using inside-out tracking. Registration accuracy was assessed using six femur replicas with predefined target points. The registration pipeline combined landmark-based initialization with iterative surface refinement. Target registration error (TRE) was calculated for each point, and the influence of anatomical region, axis, surgical approach (anterior vs. posterior), and user experience level was analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The system achieved a mean TRE of 3.61 ± 2.18 mm. Significant variations in accuracy were observed between anatomical regions (<i>p</i> = 0.019) and along different axes (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the highest errors noted along the anteroposterior axis and in distal femoral regions. No significant differences were found between anterior and posterior approaches or among users with varying levels of experience, indicating operator-independent performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The AR navigation system demonstrated consistent and accurate registration performance across users and approaches. With a mean TRE of ~3 mm, the system meets accuracy requirements for potential clinical application in THA. Further cadaveric validation is recommended to confirm surgical feasibility and applicability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12838244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HDV, a defective virus dependent on hepatitis B for assembly, can lead to severe liver diseases and an increased risk of progressing to complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the high prevalence of HDV in Gabon, especially in central Africa, understanding the epidemiology and associated risks is crucial.
Aim
This study aimed to assess the serological and molecular features of HDV among HBsAg-positive patients in the urban and rural areas of Gabon.
Method
The study was conducted from April 2019 to December 2022 in the Franceville area and from January to June 2023 in the Libreville area. We enrolled 145 newly diagnosed HBsAg-positive individuals in Franceville (101) and Libreville (44). Plasma samples were collected for serological and molecular analyses, including tests for HDV antibodies and RNA detection.
Result
The results showed an overall HDV prevalence of 26.2%, with higher rates in Libreville (18/44; 40.9%) compared to Franceville (20/101; 19.8%). Molecular analysis identified the circulation of genotypes I, VII, and VIII, with a predominance of replicative forms. The prevalence of replicative HDV RNA activity was 29.4%, indicating a need for accessible treatment options. Demographic analysis revealed a predominantly male population with an average age of 40.
Conclusion
These findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of HDV in Gabon and emphasise the importance of targeted interventions and further research to address public health challenges associated with HDV infection in the region.
{"title":"High Prevalence of Active HDV Infection Among HBsAg-Positive Patients in Urban and Rural Areas in Gabon: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study","authors":"Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba, Michelle Bignoumba, Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga, Elsa-Luce Missoni Manga, Amahani Gafou, Yann Mouanga Ndzime, Dorothée Marielle Wora, Larissa F. Akombi, Jovanie-Dawen's Lendoye Zika Olembi, Rejane Manelle Betty Ndjila, Cyrille Bisseye, Augustin Mouinga Ondeme, Richard Onanga, Pascal Pineau","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71535","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71535","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HDV, a defective virus dependent on hepatitis B for assembly, can lead to severe liver diseases and an increased risk of progressing to complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the high prevalence of HDV in Gabon, especially in central Africa, understanding the epidemiology and associated risks is crucial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the serological and molecular features of HDV among HBsAg-positive patients in the urban and rural areas of Gabon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted from April 2019 to December 2022 in the Franceville area and from January to June 2023 in the Libreville area. We enrolled 145 newly diagnosed HBsAg-positive individuals in Franceville (101) and Libreville (44). Plasma samples were collected for serological and molecular analyses, including tests for HDV antibodies and RNA detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed an overall HDV prevalence of 26.2%, with higher rates in Libreville (18/44; 40.9%) compared to Franceville (20/101; 19.8%). Molecular analysis identified the circulation of genotypes I, VII, and VIII, with a predominance of replicative forms. The prevalence of replicative HDV RNA activity was 29.4%, indicating a need for accessible treatment options. Demographic analysis revealed a predominantly male population with an average age of 40.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of HDV in Gabon and emphasise the importance of targeted interventions and further research to address public health challenges associated with HDV infection in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcio Madrid, Jesus Perez, Joseph Gomez, Salvador Diaz, Yolly Molina, Emmely Henriquez, Gisela Mejia, Margiurie Sierra, Melania Madrid, Alicia Diaz, Martha Casco, Carlos Agudelo-Santos, Jorge Valle, Jose Zablah
Background and Aims
Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, poses a growing public health challenge in low and middle-income settings. We aimed to quantify its prevalence and identify sex-specific risk factors among older adults attending a public outpatient clinic in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Methods
In a hospital-based, age-stratified random sample, we enrolled 100 participants (73 women and 27 men; mean age = 69.7 ± 6.9 years) during July 2024. Possible sarcopenia and frailty were assessed using SARC-F and FRAIL questionnaires, respectively. Body mass index was calculated under standardized conditions and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was derived from blood pressure measurements. Normality of continuous variables was evaluated with the Shapiro–Wilk test. Between-sex differences were analyzed using Welch's t-test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables (α = 0.05). Pearson's correlation was employed to assess associations between SARC-F scores and clinical variables.
Results
Possible sarcopenia (SARC‑F ≥ 4) was present in 48% of participants (95% CI = 38–58), while 40% met criteria for frailty. Women showed a significantly higher mean BMI than men (28.0 ± 5.7 kg m−2 vs. 24.9 ± 4.5 kg m−2; t = 2.8, p = 0.007) yet a comparable MAP (102 ± 13 mmHg vs. 99 ± 13 mmHg; p = 0.33). Frailty prevalence remained higher in women across all age strata (42.5% vs. 37.0%), although the sex difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.2, p = 0.9). SARC‑F scores correlated modestly with MAP (r = 0.3, p = 0.003) but not with age (r = 0.1, p = 0.3) or BMI (r = 0.1, p = 0.4).
Conclusions
Nearly half of older adults were at risk of sarcopenia and two-fifths were frail, with women more affected. Elevated blood pressure was linked to functional decline.
背景和目的：骨骼肌减少症是一种骨骼肌质量和功能的进行性损失，在低收入和中等收入环境中构成了越来越大的公共卫生挑战。我们的目的是量化在洪都拉斯特古西加尔巴一家公共门诊就诊的老年人的患病率，并确定性别特异性的危险因素。方法：在以医院为基础的年龄分层随机样本中，我们于2024年 月招募了100名参与者（73名女性和27名男性；平均 年龄= 69.7±6.9 岁）。分别使用SARC-F和虚弱问卷对可能的肌肉减少症和虚弱进行评估。体重指数在标准化条件下计算，平均动脉压（MAP）由血压测量得出。用Shapiro-Wilk检验评价连续变量的正态性。对连续变量采用Welch’st检验，对分类变量采用χ 2检验（α = 0.05）。采用Pearson相关法评估SARC-F评分与临床变量之间的相关性。结果：48%的参与者存在可能的肌肉减少症（SARC - F≥4）（95% CI = 38-58），而40%的参与者符合虚弱标准。女性的平均BMI明显高于男性（28.0±5.7 kg m-2 vs. 24.9±4.5 kg m-2; t = 2.8, p = 0.007）， MAP也相当（102±13 mmHg vs. 99±13 mmHg; p = 0.33）。尽管性别差异无统计学意义（χ 2 = 0.2, p = 0.9），但在所有年龄段的女性中，虚弱患病率仍然较高（42.5% vs. 37.0%）。SARC - F评分与MAP （r = 0.3, p = 0.003）有一定相关性，但与年龄（r = 0.1, p = 0.3）或BMI （r = 0.1, p = 0.4）无关。结论：近一半的老年人有肌肉减少症的风险，五分之二的人身体虚弱，女性受影响更大。血压升高与功能衰退有关。
{"title":"Evaluation of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Possible Sarcopenia Based on SARC-F in Adults Over 60 in Tegucigalpa, Honduras: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Marcio Madrid, Jesus Perez, Joseph Gomez, Salvador Diaz, Yolly Molina, Emmely Henriquez, Gisela Mejia, Margiurie Sierra, Melania Madrid, Alicia Diaz, Martha Casco, Carlos Agudelo-Santos, Jorge Valle, Jose Zablah","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71761","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71761","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, poses a growing public health challenge in low and middle-income settings. We aimed to quantify its prevalence and identify sex-specific risk factors among older adults attending a public outpatient clinic in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a hospital-based, age-stratified random sample, we enrolled 100 participants (73 women and 27 men; mean age = 69.7 ± 6.9 years) during July 2024. Possible sarcopenia and frailty were assessed using SARC-F and FRAIL questionnaires, respectively. Body mass index was calculated under standardized conditions and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was derived from blood pressure measurements. Normality of continuous variables was evaluated with the Shapiro–Wilk test. Between-sex differences were analyzed using Welch's <i>t</i>-test for continuous variables and <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> test for categorical variables (<i>α</i> = 0.05). Pearson's correlation was employed to assess associations between SARC-F scores and clinical variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Possible sarcopenia (SARC‑F ≥ 4) was present in 48% of participants (95% CI = 38–58), while 40% met criteria for frailty. Women showed a significantly higher mean BMI than men (28.0 ± 5.7 kg m<sup>−2</sup> vs. 24.9 ± 4.5 kg m<sup>−2</sup>; <i>t</i> = 2.8, <i>p</i> = 0.007) yet a comparable MAP (102 ± 13 mmHg vs. 99 ± 13 mmHg; <i>p</i> = 0.33). Frailty prevalence remained higher in women across all age strata (42.5% vs. 37.0%), although the sex difference was not statistically significant (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.2, <i>p</i> = 0.9). SARC‑F scores correlated modestly with MAP (<i>r</i> = 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.003) but not with age (<i>r</i> = 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.3) or BMI (<i>r</i> = 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.4).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nearly half of older adults were at risk of sarcopenia and two-fifths were frail, with women more affected. Elevated blood pressure was linked to functional decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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