Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Gallstones increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver: A case-control study","authors":"Abdolreza Sheibani,&nbsp;Hamid Reihani,&nbsp;Ahmad shoja,&nbsp;Mohammad M. Gharibvand,&nbsp;Mohammad G. Hanafi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstones are generally seen together, and many of the risk factors for fatty liver and gallstones are common and similar. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and gallstones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case-control study was conducted in patients referred to Imam Khomeini and Golestan hospitals of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2023, whose ultrasound showed fatty liver. Patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasound were considered as the case group, and patients who did not have diagnostic findings of fatty liver in ultrasound were considered as the control group. Finally, the information recorded in the checklists was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 26 (SPSS Inc.).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three hundred patients were included in our study, 150 as cases and 150 as controls. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender and age (gender <i>P</i>-value: 0.817/age P-value: 0.102). A statistically significant relationship was found between obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), the presence of gallstones, and NAFLD (weight <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001/DM <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001/gallstones <i>P</i>-value: 0.03). In addition, based on binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of gallstones increases the odds of NAFLD by 2.33 times (<i>P</i>-value: 0.035). Furthermore, having DM and increasing each BMI unit increases the odds of NAFLD by 16 times and 30%, respectively (BMI <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001/DM <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the results of our study, gallstones are an important risk factor for NAFLD. The possible mechanisms are the existence of common risk factors between gallstones and NAFLD and the reduction of motility and flow of bile in the bile ducts with the presence of gallstones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the Fall Risk Assessment Scale for patients in rehabilitation hospitals: A methodological study","authors":"Shoeleh Rahimi,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Khankeh,&nbsp;Abbas Ebadi,&nbsp;Batol Mohammadian,&nbsp;Narges Arsalani,&nbsp;Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab,&nbsp;Nazila Akbarfahimi,&nbsp;Elham Loni","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Falling is a serious threat for patient safety in hospitals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of fall amongst rehabilitation patients and to use them for developing and validating the Persian version of Fall Risk Assessment Scale (FRAS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current methodological study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, based on the review of the literature and investigation of the medical records of 251 patients selected via purposive sampling, the risk factors of fall were extracted and the FRAS was developed accordingly. In the second phase, the face and content validities of the designed scale were determined by cognitive interview and Content Validity Index (CVI) and to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison was performed. Its inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the <i>weighted</i> Kappa Coefficient (<i>κ*</i>). The study adhered to COSMIN guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fall was significantly associated with disease diagnosis, used medications, history of fall, cognitive impairments, and three items of the Functional Independence Measure (toilet transfer, bed transfer, and shoer transfer). The CVI of the scale was 0.94. The risk for falls group had a significantly higher perceived fall risk than the no risk for falls group, thus establishing known-group validity. Its weighted kappa coefficient was &gt;0.85, its sensitivity was 73%, and its specificity was 82%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The valid and reliable FRAS may accurately assess the level of Fall Risk patients in Rehabilitation wards, helping to predict fall during hospitalization. So, enabling the planning and implementation of effective caring interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Thorough Navigation of miRNA's Blueprint in Crafting Cardiovascular Fate","authors":"Abubakar Nazir,&nbsp;Olivier Uwishema,&nbsp;Sanobar Shariff,&nbsp;William Xochitun Gopar Franco,&nbsp;Noha El Masri,&nbsp;Nitsuh Dejene Ayele,&nbsp;Isabelle Munyangaju,&nbsp;Fatima Esam Alzain,&nbsp;Magda Wojtara","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular diseases contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs are crucial in the development and progression of these diseases by regulating gene expression in various cells and tissues. Their roles in conditions like atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias have been widely researched.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study provides an overview of existing evidence regarding miRNAs' role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the study examines current state-of-the-art technologies used in the study of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease. As a final point, we examine how miRNAs may serve as disease biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and prognostic indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In cardiology, microRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules, are crucial to the posttranscriptional regulation of genes. Their role in regulating cardiac cell differentiation and maturation is critical during the development of the heart. They maintain the cardiac function of an adult heart by contributing to its electrical and contractile activity. By binding to messenger RNA molecules, they inhibit protein translation or degrade mRNA. Several cardiovascular diseases are associated with dysregulation of miRNAs, including arrhythmias, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. miRNAs can be used as biomarkers to diagnose and predict diseases as well as therapeutic targets. A variety of state-of-the-art technologies have aided researchers in discovering, profiling, and analyzing miRNAs, including microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing, and others.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Developing new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches is becoming more feasible as researchers refine their understanding of miRNA function. Ultimately, this will reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease around the world.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Telehealth Needs for Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study","authors":"Marsha Treadwell,&nbsp;Lisa Du,&nbsp;Yemi Lawrence,&nbsp;Maxine Gaspar,&nbsp;Kathryn Hassell,&nbsp;Sanjay Shah,&nbsp;Moses Akpan,&nbsp;Nicole Crook,&nbsp;Marcia Taylor,&nbsp;Srila Gopal,&nbsp;For the Pacific Sickle Cell Regional Collaborative","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pervasive disparities characterize sickle cell disease (SCD) care, including limited access to SCD specialists. Rapid deployment of remote healthcare provision and support during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to understand telehealth barriers/facilitators for SCD. We aimed to evaluate telehealth experiences and satisfaction for routine visits among adults and caregivers of children with SCD within a US regional collaborative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>151 adults ≥ 18 [median (IQR) = 36 (28, 43) years], and 94 caregivers [median child age (IQR) = 12 (7, 14) years] completed a 30-item online survey in 2021 assessing systems issues such as reliable Internet; health information sharing; and consumer focus (e.g., visit started on time). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate relations between independent variables and the outcome overall satisfaction with telehealth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were primarily diagnosed with sickle cell anemia (60.8%) and prescribed hydroxyurea (57.6%). Satisfaction with telehealth was high (&gt; 90%), but 60.6% of caregivers gave the highest rating compared with 44.9% of adults (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Few accessibility/technical issues were cited, however, caregivers reported more often having home support for telehealth (80.9% vs. 63.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). In multivariable analyses, participants seen in large centers (&gt; 200) were more likely to give the highest satisfaction ratings compared with those in smaller centers (&lt; 100, aOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.48, <i>p</i> = 0.01); however, those who needed help from a telehealth navigator were less likely to give the highest telehealth experience rating versus those who did not need help (aOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.003).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Views of telehealth were favorable, although caregivers reported greater satisfaction and resources compared with adults with SCD. It remains important to identify factors related to telehealth utilization and efficacy for SCD populations in varied geographies and settings, to ensure equity in access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Updates on Variants of SARS-CoV- 2: Systematic Review","authors":"Mulat Erkihun,&nbsp;Bayu Ayele,&nbsp;Zelalem Asmare,&nbsp;Kirubel Endalamaw","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has become a pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an enveloped, unsegmented, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this review is to conduct a qualitative analysis of the current updates on epidemiology, evolution, and vaccine variants for SARS-CoV-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search strategy was done from the database based on the PRISMA criteria for qualitative analysis of this review. Literature on variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, published in English in the last 5 years (2019–2023), were included. From 179 a total of 105 articles were reviewed, searched, and retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed. The search was done using keywords like COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, variants, mutations, and vaccines, and articles were managed using EndNote X8 software. The scope of view for this review was the course of the pandemic by emerging variants and how man is struggling to overcome this sudden pandemic through vaccines. The narrative skeleton was constructed based on the article's scope of view.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the parent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, many variants emerged during the course of this pandemic. They are mainly categorized into two variants: variants of interest and variants of concern based on the impact on public health. The World Health Organization leveled five variants: Alpha (strain B.1.1.7), Beta (strain B.1.351), Gamma (strain P.1), Delta (strain B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is crucial to stay informed about the latest developments in the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 variants, as new variants can emerge and impact the course of the pandemic. Health authorities and researchers continuously have to monitor and study these variants to assess their characteristics, transmissibility, severity, and the effectiveness of vaccines against them. One has to always refer to the latest information from reputable health journals or organizations for the most up-to-date and accurate details on COVID-19 variants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Laser Therapy and Phototherapy in Cicatricial and NonCicatricial Alopecia: A Systematic Review Study","authors":"Mohammad Amin Jafari,&nbsp;Ghazal Bazgir,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini-Baharanchi,&nbsp;Alireza Jafarzadeh,&nbsp;Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, the application of various light and laser devices in the treatment of different types of alopecia has been established. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of laser therapy and phototherapy in cicatricial and non-cicatricial alopecia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles were evaluated across four subgroups: alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and cicatricial alopecia. Included studies were published in English or Persian between January 2010 and September 2023, focusing on interventional, cohort, or case series research that achieved a minimum score of 75% on the EBL checklist. Exclusion criteria encompassed animal and in vitro studies, review articles, case reports, duplicated or irrelevant research, as well as studies that did not meet the designated EBL score. Editorial letters and case studies were also excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initially, 965 records were collected, resulting in the inclusion of 58 studies in the final review: 26 on alopecia areata, 26 on androgenic alopecia, five on cicatricial alopecia, and one on telogen effluvium. Narrow-band ultraviolet B, 308-nm excimer laser, and psoralen ultraviolet A therapy showed varying effectiveness; specifically, the excimer laser was notably effective for patients with shorter disease duration. In androgenic alopecia, erbium-glass and thulium lasers effectively increased hair density but showed a gradual decline posttreatment. Low-level light/laser therapy also increased hair density and diameter and exhibited potential benefits when used alongside minoxidil, but did not significantly enhance outcomes in telogen effluvium treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Light/laser therapy can serve as an additive treatment for cicatricial alopecia, particularly lichen planopilaris, but has limited efficacy in treating telogen effluvium. Overall, light/laser therapies exhibit a significant positive effect on increasing hair density and diameter across various alopecia types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different minimally invasive surgical methods to hysterectomy for benign gynecological disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Meijun Guan,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Tian Tian,&nbsp;Jirong Peng,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Li He","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the perioperative efficacy of various minimally invasive hysterectomy procedures for treating benign gynecological diseases and to assess whether vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic hysterectomy (VNOTEH), a recently emerging procedure, is inferior to traditional laparoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), Wanfang Data, and China VIP Database from inception to August 2022 and updated in June 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different minimally invasive hysterectomy techniques in patients with benign gynecological conditions. The intervention measures included nine minimally invasive hysterectomies. The two researchers used the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool for study appraisal. All statistical analyses and drawings were performed using STATA 17.0 and R 4.4.1. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the effectiveness of minimally invasive hysterectomy and rank its relative impact probabilistically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 78 RCTs involving 7640 patients and nine minimally invasive hysterectomy methods with 16 intervention combinations were included in this study. Among these, 2, 63, and 13 studies were deemed to have a low, medium, and high risk of bias, respectively. Based on the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probability ranking results of NMA, laparoendoscopic single-site surgery-laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LESS-LAVH) demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of complications, infections, and 24-h postoperative pain scores. LAVH exhibited better performance in injuries and hospital stays, total laparoscopic hysterectomy showed the least blood loss, and vaginal hysterectomy had the shortest operation time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LESS-LAVH and LAVH are recommended options, if feasible. Meanwhile, VNOTEH can achieve comparable results to traditional laparoscopy but requires careful attention to the risk of injury and infection. Future research should aim to broaden the search scope by including high-quality, large-scale, multicenter RCTs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from nosocomial urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran during 2022–2023: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohammad Yousef Memar,&nbsp;Masoud Vosughi,&nbsp;Yalda Rahbar Saadat,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Ardalan,&nbsp;Mina Yekani,&nbsp;Bahram Niknafs,&nbsp;Sepideh Zununi Vahed","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among hospitalized patients, constituting the most frequent health-care infections. Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) is leading causative agent of UTIs. The present study was aimed to examine the susceptibility of UPEC isolates obtained from nosocomial cases to antibiotics, as well as their biofilm formation capability and frequency of virulence genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 100 UPEC isolates were collected from nosocomial UTIs at Imam Reza Hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, spanning from April 2022 to January 2023. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were evaluated using the disk diffusion method, along with the detection of broad-spectrum β-lactam enzymes (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. The ability of isolates to form biofilms was assessed using the microtiter-plate method, while the PCR method was employed to identify the presence of virulence genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highest resistance was observed toward piperacillin (82%), followed by aztreonam and ciprofloxacin (81%), while the lowest resistance was found against piperacillin/tazobactam (12%) and meropenem (9%). ESBLs were detected in 62% of the isolates. The microtiter-plate results revealed strong, moderate, and weak biofilm formation abilities in 32%, 33%, and 24% of the isolates, respectively. The most prevalent virulence gene was <i>fimA</i> (74%) followed by <i>hlyF</i> (68%), <i>papA</i> (44%), <i>papC</i> (32%), <i>iroN</i> (26%), and <i>cnf</i> (20%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The elevated levels of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, coupled with the co-presence of virulence genes and biofilm formation abilities, contribute to the persistence of UPEC-related infections, particularly in hospitalized patients. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing an effective program to control nosocomial UTIs caused by UPEC in the healthcare centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Poor Sleep Quality Among Psychiatry Physicians in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Najim Z. Alshahrani,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Alarifi,&nbsp;Wejdan Saqer Alotaibi,&nbsp;Afnan Abdulrahman Alsayed,&nbsp;Khalid Sultan Latif Alwasm,&nbsp;Alaa Abdulkarim Alhunti,&nbsp;Lana Alaa AlDahleh,&nbsp;Meaad Mohammed A Alshahrani,&nbsp;Abdalrhman M. Albeshry,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Aljunaid","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sleep issues pose a significant burden to public health and well-being in Saudi Arabia. However, research evidence on sleep health among psychiatry physicians in this territory is limited. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and predictors of poor sleep quality among psychiatry physicians in the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 554 psychiatry physicians in Saudi Arabia from March to August 2023. Data were collected via online through a structured questionnaire (Google survey form). Sleep quality, the outcome variable of our study, was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; 19 items). Independent variables included sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, sleep habits, major depression (assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (measured with Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) symptoms. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the correlates of poor sleep quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the PSQI, 61.3% of the study participants had poor-quality sleep (age range: 24–56 years, male: 48.0%). The adjusted model revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.70–4.61) and those who had on-call duties ≥ 2 times per week (for three/four per week: AOR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.89–6.14) were at higher risk of developing poor sleep quality compared to their respective counterparts. Participants with depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60–7.48) and smoking habits (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.32–9.08) had higher odds of developing poor sleep quality than their counterparts. Moreover, participants who always used their smartphone/laptop before going to bed were more likely to have poor sleep quality than those who never used such (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.31–7.60).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor sleep quality is extremely prominent among psychiatry physicians in Saudi Arabia. Male sex, higher on-call duty, smoking habits, depression, and smartphone/laptop use before bedtime were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. These findings emphasize the need for sleep-health promotion interventions for Saudi psychiatry physicians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News Media Reports of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Canada and the United States During the 2022–2023 Respiratory Virus Season: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sherilyn K. D. Houle,&nbsp;Silvia Luk","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The 2022/2023 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season was marked by early and above-average case counts, at least partially attributed to the lifting of public health measures such as masking and physical distancing implemented during the early years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Uniquely, it was also the last season before the availability of vaccines. In May 2023, two recombinant subunit vaccines were approved by the US Food &amp; Drug Administration for use in adults aged 60 years and older (Arexvy and ABRYSVO), with ABRYSVO also indicated for maternal immunization [&lt;span&gt;2, 3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While hospitalization rates for RSV-related causes is highest among young children [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;], mortality is most marked among older adults [&lt;span&gt;6-8&lt;/span&gt;]. Healthcare professionals also have greater awareness of RSV among pediatric patients than among older adults. In Italy, 21.7% of surveyed general practitioners correctly associated the majority of RSV-related deaths with older adults, and only 38.9% of participants understood RSV infection as not limited to infants and children [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. Among US physicians in primary care, 57% reported rarely considering RSV as a potential pathogen in their patients ≥ 50 years old with respiratory disease [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. Regarding maternal vaccination, a survey of obstetricians and midwives in England reported that 66% of midwives had no or very little awareness of RSV in contrast to 14% of obstetricians, and that routine maternal vaccination against RSV would be recommended by 79% and 89% of midwives and obstetricians, respectively [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]. Research gaps remain related to knowledge and attitudes of other health professionals involved with recommending and administering vaccines (such as nurses and pharmacists) and the public, with one study reporting that 60% of surveyed adults with diabetes in the US had never heard of RSV [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;], and 88% of surveyed pregnant women in South England reported having little or no knowledge of RSV [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we report on the frequency and content of news media publications related to RSV over the 2022/2023 season in Canada and the United States, hypothesizing that coverage focused on the impact of RSV among the pediatric population with the potential to subsequently contribute to complacency around vaccination of older adults and those who are pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the study period, 928 unique publications were identified across 29 outlets (Table 1). Of these, 899 (96.9%) discussed RSV among the pediatric population, 310 (33.4%) among older adults, and 104 (11.2%) mentioned maternal immunization. HuffPost was excluded as an eligible outlet as a search function was not available online, and no publications were identified from CNN over the study period. Over this same period, 194,095 positive tests for RSV were reported in the United States and 39,484 in Canada; however, RSV case dat","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}