Health Science Reports最新文献_第10页

The Magnitude and Factors for Early Discontinuation of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Use Among Clients at Marie Stopes Maternal and Child Health Center, Adama, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study 埃塞俄比亚阿达玛Marie Stopes妇幼保健中心客户早期停止使用宫内节育器的幅度和因素：一项横断面研究。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71889

Daniel Girma, Haji Aman, Daba Ejara

Background and Aims

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are cost-effective, convenient, safe, and highly effective methods designed to be used for 10–12 years. However, early discontinuation, defined as removal before 12 months after insertion, is becoming a public health concern in Ethiopia. The practices may lead to program failures that cause significant health and economic impacts. The study aimed to assess the magnitude of early discontinuation of IUCDs and associated factors among clients who received the method at Marie Stopes Maternal and Child Center in Adama town in Ethiopia, 2024.

Methods

Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 clients who received the service from January 1, 2017, to March 2022. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected from medical records and telephone interviews. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The associations between dependent and independent variables were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI was used to estimate the strength of associations. p-value < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.

Results

The magnitude of early discontinuation of IUCDs accounts for 20.6% (95% CI: 16.7–24.9). In multivariate analysis, lack of formal education [AOR = 12.5, 95% CI: 4.9, 31.5] and primary level of education [AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 7.9], giving birth to a male child in the last delivery [AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.55], having two and lower number of children [AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.8, 8.9], not counseled on methods [AOR = 16.5, 95% CI: 5.8, 47.1], having pelvic pain [AOR = 7.4, 95% CI: 2.7, 20.3], pelvic infection [AOR = 8.7, 95% CI: 2.7, 27.7], heavy bleeding [AOR = 15.5, 95% CI: 3.3, 73.7], and history of vaginal discharge [AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 2.1, 16.9] were associated with early discontinuation of IUCDs.

Conclusion

The magnitude of early discontinuation of IUCDs was 20.6%. Lack of counseling was the strongest factor associated with early discontinuation of IUCDs.

背景与目的：宫内节育器（IUCDs）是一种经济、方便、安全、高效的避孕方法，可使用10-12年。然而，早期停药（定义为在插入后12个月内拔出）正在成为埃塞俄比亚的一个公共卫生问题。这些做法可能导致项目失败，造成重大的健康和经济影响。该研究旨在评估2024年在埃塞俄比亚Adama镇Marie Stopes妇幼中心接受该方法的客户中宫内节育器早期终止的程度及其相关因素。方法：对2017年1月1日至2022年3月期间接受该服务的413名客户进行基于机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选择研究对象。数据收集自医疗记录和电话访谈。收集的数据输入Epi Info 7.1版本，使用SPSS 25版本进行分析。因变量和自变量之间的关联使用二元逻辑回归分析进行评估。校正优势比及其95% CI用于估计关联的强度。p值结果：早期终止iucd的比例为20.6% （95% CI: 16.7-24.9）。在多变量分析中,缺乏正规教育(优势比= 12.5,95% CI: 4.9, 31.5)和初级教育水平(优势比= 3.5,95% CI: 1.6, 7.9),生下一个男孩在最后交付(优势比= 0.32,95% CI: 0.18, 0.55),有两个和较低的儿童数量(优势比= 3.9,95% CI: 1.8, 8.9),不建议方法(优势比= 16.5,95% CI: 5.8, 47.1),在骨盆疼痛(优势比= 7.4,95% CI: 2.7, 20.3),盆腔炎(优势比= 8.7,95% CI: 2.7, 27.7),沉重的出血(优势比= 15.5,95%置信区间CI:3.3, 73.7]和阴道分泌物史[AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 2.1, 16.9]与宫内节育器早期停药相关。结论：宫内节育器早期停药比例为20.6%。缺乏咨询是导致宫内节育器早期终止的最重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-Sectional Assessment of Medication Adherence and Its Association With Community Pharmacy Experience and Patients' Satisfaction and Characteristics: Findings From the IMPHACT-LB Project 药物依从性的横断面评估及其与社区药房经验、患者满意度和特征的关系：来自IMPHACT-LB项目的研究结果。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71821

Fouad Sakr, Chadia Haddad, Jihan Safwan, Aline Hajj, Hala Sacre, Rony M. Zeenny, Marwan Akel, Pascale Salameh

Background and Aims

While pharmacists undoubtedly exert considerable influence over medication adherence and the patient experience with healthcare, a complex interplay of factors should also be considered, encompassing the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, the pharmacist-related factors, patient satisfaction, and the nature of the community pharmacy experience. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of these factors and examine their association with the adherence of patients to medications.

Methods

An online cross-sectional study was undertaken from April 11 to April 27, 2023, to assess the association between community pharmacy-related experiences and patient medication adherence in a sample of 865 Lebanese adults using the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (LMAS-14).

Results

Of all participants, 38.5% were regular visitors to the community pharmacy, and 57.7% visited the community pharmacy to obtain nonprescription medications. Almost half of the participants stated that the counseling time by the pharmacist is between 5 and 10 min (47.6%). The majority of the participants perceive the pharmacist as a medication expert (94.2%), a health counselor (81.0%), a health promoter (66.2%), and a practitioner who is patient-centered (73.3%). Older patient age (Beta = 0.08), always visiting the community pharmacy to obtain nonprescription medications (Beta = 3.63), having public health coverage (Beta = 2.37), and spending more than 10 min on counseling about a medication and/or medical condition (Beta = 3.10) were significantly associated with better medication adherence. Visiting a pharmacy to obtain chronic and nonprescription medications (Beta = −2.98) and having irregular health coverage (Beta = −2.60) were significantly associated with lower medication adherence. However, overall satisfaction with pharmacy experience was not associated with medication adherence (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Pharmacists are seen as experts in medication and holistic healthcare providers. Sociodemographic attributes and specific community pharmacy experience items influence medication adherence. While recognizing that the effects of age and health coverage can guide interventions, emphasizing the role of pharmacists, including extended counseling, could enhance medication adherence and, thus, health outcomes.

背景和目的：虽然药剂师无疑对药物依从性和患者的医疗保健体验具有相当大的影响，但还应考虑各种因素的复杂相互作用，包括患者的社会人口统计学特征、药剂师相关因素、患者满意度和社区药房体验的性质。本研究旨在评估这些因素的动态，并检查它们与患者药物依从性的关系。方法：于2023年4月11日至4月27日进行了一项在线横断面研究，使用黎巴嫩药物依从性量表（LMAS-14）评估865名黎巴嫩成年人的社区药房相关经历与患者药物依从性之间的关系。结果：38.5%的参与者定期到社区药房就诊，57.7%的参与者到社区药房领取非处方药。几乎一半的参与者表示药剂师的咨询时间在5 - 10分钟之间（47.6%）。大多数参与者认为药剂师是药物专家（94.2%），健康顾问（81.0%），健康促进者（66.2%）和以患者为中心的从业者（73.3%）。患者年龄较大（Beta = 0.08）、经常去社区药房获取非处方药（Beta = 3.63）、拥有公共健康保险（Beta = 2.37）、在药物和/或医疗状况咨询上花费超过10分钟（Beta = 3.10）与更好的药物依从性显著相关。去药店购买慢性病和非处方药（Beta = -2.98）和不规律的健康保险（Beta = -2.60）与较低的药物依从性显著相关。然而，对药房体验的总体满意度与药物依从性无关（p < 0.05）。结论：药师被视为药物专家和整体医疗服务提供者。社会人口学属性和特定的社区药房经验项目影响药物依从性。虽然认识到年龄和健康覆盖的影响可以指导干预措施，但强调药剂师的作用，包括延长咨询，可以提高服药依从性，从而提高健康结果。

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引用次数: 0

Blood PCSK9 Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Risk in an APOE Genotype-Dependent Manner: A Prospective Cohort Study 血液PCSK9以APOE基因型依赖的方式影响阿尔茨海默病的风险：一项前瞻性队列研究

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71810

Qiushan Tao, Ting Fang Alvin Ang, Jinghan Huang, Indira Swetha Itchapurapu, Jesse Mez, Michael Alosco, Rhoda Au, Lindsay A. Farrer, Xiaoling Zhang, Wei Qiao Qiu, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Background and Aims

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) are both lipid proteins and related to immunity/inflammation. We hypothesized that PCSK9 impacts on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in an APOE genotype dependent manner.

Methods

We used the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort (Gen 2), with data on plasma PCSK9 protein concentration, as the baseline exposure for 1,704 study subjects. Using Cox regression models, the outcomes were incidents of AD or all-cause dementia. Using another FHS dataset with 3,048 individuals with genetic data, we examined the association between PCSK9 genotypes and the incidence of AD/dementia, stratifying the analysis based on APOE ε4 status. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study was used to validate some of the main findings.

Results

Higher plasma PCSK9 protein levels were associated with a lower risk of AD (HR [95%CI]: 0.74 [0.58, 0.94]; p = 0.01) in APOE ε4 noncarriers; in contrast, PCSK9 levels were not significantly associated with AD risk in APOE ε4 carriers, after adjusting for common confounders, lipid profile, and lipid treatment. Using the three SNPs (rs502576, rs529787, rs676297) of the PCSK9 gene associated with PCSK9 levels in blood, we consistently found that the genotypes, which determine a low concentration of PCSK9, were associated with AD risk only in APOE ε4 noncarriers. These findings were validated by the ADNI study, which showed that the PCSK9 genotypes were associated with AD risk and with the AD biomarker—a low concentration of Aβ42 in CSF, only in APOE ε4 noncarriers.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that high blood PCSK9 levels are protective against AD risk in APOE ε4 noncarriers, potentially through mechanisms related to lipid metabolism. The findings may highlight the importance of considering APOE genotype when prescribing the drugs targeting PCSK9.

背景与目的：载脂蛋白E （APOE）和9型枯草素转化酶（PCSK9）都是脂质蛋白，与免疫/炎症相关。我们假设PCSK9以APOE基因型依赖的方式影响阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险。方法：我们使用弗雷明汉心脏研究（FHS）后代队列（Gen 2）的血浆PCSK9蛋白浓度数据，作为1704名研究对象的基线暴露。使用Cox回归模型，结果是AD或全因痴呆的发生率。利用另一个包含3048个个体遗传数据的FHS数据集，我们研究了PCSK9基因型与AD/痴呆发病率之间的关系，并根据APOE ε4状态对分析进行了分层。阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议（ADNI）研究被用来验证一些主要发现。结果：APOE ε4非携带者血浆PCSK9蛋白水平升高与AD发病风险降低相关（HR [95%CI]: 0.74 [0.58, 0.94]; p = 0.01）；相比之下，在调整了常见混杂因素、脂质谱和脂质治疗后，APOE ε4携带者的PCSK9水平与AD风险没有显著相关性。利用与血液中PCSK9水平相关的PCSK9基因的三个snp (rs502576, rss529787, rs676297)，我们一致发现，决定低浓度PCSK9的基因型仅在APOE ε4非携带者中与AD风险相关。这些发现得到了ADNI研究的证实，该研究表明PCSK9基因型与AD风险和AD生物标志物（脑脊液中低浓度的Aβ42）相关，仅在APOE ε4非携带者中存在。结论：我们的研究表明，APOE ε4非携带者的高血PCSK9水平可能通过与脂质代谢相关的机制对AD风险有保护作用。这些发现可能强调了在处方针对PCSK9的药物时考虑APOE基因型的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Anti-Adhesive Barriers on Outcomes Following Pediatric Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 抗黏附屏障对小儿腹部手术后预后的影响：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71892

Khang Duy Ricky Le, Shasha Haycock, Annie Jiao Wang

Background and Aims

The efficacy of anti-adhesive barriers in preventing clinically significant adhesional small bowel obstruction (ASBO) in the pediatric population is poorly defined. This review seeks to evaluate the utility of anti-adhesive barriers in pediatric populations undergoing abdominopelvic surgery.

Methods

A literature search was performed on Embase, Medline, Cochrane Centra,l and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 20 August 2024. Our main outcome measures included ASBO, total complications, return to theater and surgical site infection.

Results

A total of three studies were included in this review; however, two studies were published from the same group and institution. Separate analyses were performed due to the potential for overlapping cohorts. Analysis of two studies involving 912 patients comparing anti-adhesive barriers (n = 462) to control (n = 440) suggested that anti-adhesive barriers reduced the risk of ASBO compared with control (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19–0.84, p = 0.02). There is insufficient evidence to suggest that anti-adhesive barriers were superior to control in reducing overall postoperative complications (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.41–1.58, p = 0.63), surgical site infection (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.35–2.57, p = 0.09).

Conclusion

Anti-adhesive barriers may have a role in the prevention of ASBO in pediatric populations undergoing open abdominopelvic surgery. However, this occurs on the background of moderate to high risk of bias, small sample size, and high clinical heterogeneity with poor control for confounders. Further prospective research is required to further validate these effects.

背景和目的：在儿童人群中，抗粘连屏障预防临床显著粘连性小肠梗阻（ASBO）的疗效尚不明确。这篇综述旨在评估抗粘剂屏障在接受腹部骨盆手术的儿科人群中的应用。方法：于2024年8月20日在Embase、Medline、Cochrane Centra和世界卫生组织（WHO）国际临床试验注册平台（ICTRP）上进行文献检索。我们的主要结局指标包括ASBO、总并发症、返回手术室和手术部位感染。结果：本综述共纳入3项研究；然而，同一小组和机构发表了两项研究。由于可能存在重叠队列，因此进行了单独的分析。对两项涉及912例患者的研究（n = 462）和对照组（n = 440）的分析表明，与对照组相比，抗粘附屏障降低了ASBO的风险（OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.84, p = 0.02）。没有足够的证据表明抗粘剂屏障在减少总体术后并发症（OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.41-1.58, p = 0.63）和手术部位感染（OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.35-2.57, p = 0.09）方面优于对照组。结论：抗粘剂屏障可能在儿童开腹骨盆手术中预防ASBO的发生中起作用。然而，这发生在中等至高度偏倚风险、小样本量和高临床异质性以及混杂因素控制不良的背景下。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来进一步验证这些影响。

{"title":"Efficacy of Anti-Adhesive Barriers on Outcomes Following Pediatric Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Khang Duy Ricky Le, Shasha Haycock, Annie Jiao Wang","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The efficacy of anti-adhesive barriers in preventing clinically significant adhesional small bowel obstruction (ASBO) in the pediatric population is poorly defined. This review seeks to evaluate the utility of anti-adhesive barriers in pediatric populations undergoing abdominopelvic surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was performed on Embase, Medline, Cochrane Centra,l and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 20 August 2024. Our main outcome measures included ASBO, total complications, return to theater and surgical site infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of three studies were included in this review; however, two studies were published from the same group and institution. Separate analyses were performed due to the potential for overlapping cohorts. Analysis of two studies involving 912 patients comparing anti-adhesive barriers (<i>n</i> = 462) to control (<i>n</i> = 440) suggested that anti-adhesive barriers reduced the risk of ASBO compared with control (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19–0.84, <i>p</i> = 0.02). There is insufficient evidence to suggest that anti-adhesive barriers were superior to control in reducing overall postoperative complications (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.41–1.58, <i>p</i> = 0.63), surgical site infection (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.35–2.57, <i>p</i> = 0.09).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-adhesive barriers may have a role in the prevention of ASBO in pediatric populations undergoing open abdominopelvic surgery. However, this occurs on the background of moderate to high risk of bias, small sample size, and high clinical heterogeneity with poor control for confounders. Further prospective research is required to further validate these effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12927938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Among Healthcare Workers at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, in 2023–2024, A Cross-Sectional Descriptive-Analytical Study 2023-2024年德黑兰伊玛目霍梅尼医院医护人员对人类t淋巴细胞嗜型病毒（HTLV-1）的认知和知识评估：一项横断面描述分析研究

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71860

Arash Letafati, Yasaman Goudarzi, Mohsen Sheikhi, Mahsa Afzali, Mehdi Norouzi, Kasra Allaei Rouzbahani, Marjan Ghasemi, Ahmadreza Sadeghi, Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani

<div> <section> <h3> Background and Aim</h3> <p>Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1), is responsible for serious diseases such as Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). This research aimed to explore the level of awareness and knowledge of HTLV-1 among healthcare professionals working at Imam Khomeini hospital complex in Tehran to compare their knowledge in different aspects of this virus including basic knowledge, transmission, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted among healthcare personnel at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, during 2023–2024. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire designed to assess knowledge and attitudes about HTLV-1. The questionnaire underwent expert review for validity and reliability testing, including a 2-week test-retest process with Cohen's kappa coefficient calculation. It included demographic data, binary knowledge questions about HTLV-1 transmission, symptoms, complications, prevention, and treatment.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>A total of 220 healthcare workers and students (63.6% female, 36.4% male) from medical, paramedical, and service fields participated in the study. Participants' attitude and knowledge levels were assessed using correct response rates, revealing significantly higher attitude scores (64.81%) compared to knowledge scores (42.61%) based on the Wilcoxon test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Gender-based comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in attitudes (<i>p</i> = 0.30) or knowledge (<i>p</i> = 0.95). Age-group analyses using Kruskal–Wallis tests identified significant differences in knowledge performance (<i>p</i> = 0.00015), with the 26–35 age group outperforming others. Job position comparisons showed no significant differences in attitude or knowledge scores (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The study highlights a notable gap in knowledge about HTLV-1 among healthcare professionals at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, despite relatively positive attitudes. Significant differences in knowledge were observed across age groups, with the 26–35 age group demonstrating better awareness. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs to improve HTLV-1 knowledge, particularly among younger and less experienced staff, to enhance preventive and diagnostic capabilities.</p> </section> </d

背景和目的：人类嗜t淋巴病毒1型（HTLV-1）是导致成人t细胞白血病/淋巴瘤（ATLL）和HTLV-1相关脊髓病/热带痉挛性截瘫（HAM/TSP）等严重疾病的原因。本研究旨在探讨德黑兰伊玛目霍梅尼医院医护人员对HTLV-1的认知和知识水平，比较他们对该病毒的基本知识、传播、发病机制、预防和治疗等不同方面的知识。方法：这项横断面描述性分析研究于2023-2024年间在德黑兰伊玛目霍梅尼医院综合医院的医护人员中进行。数据收集使用有效的问卷，旨在评估HTLV-1的知识和态度。问卷经过专家评审进行效度和信度检验，包括用Cohen's kappa系数计算2周的重测过程。它包括人口统计数据、关于HTLV-1传播、症状、并发症、预防和治疗的二元知识问题。结果：共有220名来自医疗、辅助医疗和服务领域的卫生工作者和学生（女性63.6%，男性36.4%）参与了研究。采用正确反应率评估被试的态度和知识水平，结果显示态度得分（64.81%）显著高于基于Wilcoxon检验的知识得分（42.61%）（p = 0.30）或知识得分（p = 0.95）。使用Kruskal-Wallis测试进行的年龄组分析发现，知识表现存在显著差异（p = 0.00015）， 26-35岁年龄组的表现优于其他年龄组。工作岗位比较，态度和知识得分无显著差异（p < 0.05）。结论：该研究突出了伊玛目霍梅尼医院综合医院的医疗保健专业人员对HTLV-1的知识存在显着差距，尽管态度相对积极。各年龄组在认知方面存在显著差异，26-35岁年龄组表现出更好的认知。这些发现强调需要有针对性的教育项目来提高HTLV-1的知识，特别是在年轻和经验不足的工作人员中，以提高预防和诊断能力。

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引用次数: 0

Food Hygiene Practices and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working at Public Food and Drink Establishments in Mizan-Aman Town, Bench-Sheko Zone, Ethiopia, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study Design 埃塞俄比亚Bench-Sheko区Mizan-Aman镇公共食品和饮料场所食品处理人员的食品卫生习惯和相关因素：一项横断面研究设计

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71847

Abel Girma, Smegnew Gichew, Rahel Dereje, Ermias Ayelew, Buzayehu Alemayehu

Background and Aims

Foodborne illnesses are widespread in both developed and developing countries. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data about food hygiene practices among food handlers in public catering establishments in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Consequently, this research seeks to evaluate the extent of food hygiene practices and the associated factors among food handlers in public food and beverage establishments in Mizan-Aman town, Southwest Ethiopia, in 2023.

Methodology

This study employed an institution-based cross-sectional design involving 372 food handlers. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique from individuals employed at randomly chosen public food catering establishments. The data were subsequently entered into Epi Data Version 3.02 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for further analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were included in a multiple binary logistic regression model. Significant factors were ultimately determined based on a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of good food hygiene practices among food handlers working in public food and drink establishments in the study area was 64.6%. An average monthly income of ≥ 1100 ETB (AOR = 5.22; 95% CI = 2.40–11.34, p-value < 0.001), attendance at training (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.74–10.17, p-value = 0.001), and the availability of a separate dressing room (AOR = 4.89; 95% CI = 1.88, 12.72, p-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with good food hygiene practices.

Conclusion

This study showed the prevalence of good food hygiene practices among food handlers who work in public food and drink establishments in Mizan-Aman town was low. The variables such as average monthly income of ≥ 1100 ETB, ever attended training on food hygiene, and having a separate dressing room in the facility were significantly associated factors for good food hygiene practice in the study area.

背景和目的：食源性疾病在发达国家和发展中国家都很普遍。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚公共餐饮机构食品处理人员的食品卫生做法的数据缺乏，特别是在研究地区。因此，本研究旨在评估2023年埃塞俄比亚西南部Mizan-Aman镇公共食品和饮料场所食品处理人员的食品卫生实践程度和相关因素。方法：本研究采用基于机构的横断面设计，涉及372名食品处理人员。参与者采用简单的随机抽样技术，从随机选择的公共食品餐饮场所的雇员中选择。随后将数据输入Epi data Version 3.02，导出到SPSS Version 20进行进一步分析。进行二元逻辑回归分析。p值小于0.25的变量被纳入多元二元逻辑回归模型。最终根据95%置信区间（CI）和p值小于0.05确定显著性因素。结果：研究区公共餐饮场所食品操作人员良好食品卫生习惯检出率为64.6%。平均月收入≥1100 ETB （AOR = 5.22; 95% CI = 2.40-11.34， p值p值= 0.001）和单独更衣室的可用性（AOR = 4.89; 95% CI = 1.88, 12.72， p值= 0.001）与良好的食品卫生习惯显著相关。结论：本研究表明，在米赞安曼镇公共食品和饮料场所工作的食品处理人员中，良好食品卫生习惯的患病率较低。平均月收入≥1100 ETB、是否参加过食品卫生培训、工厂是否有单独的更衣室等变量是研究区域良好食品卫生规范的显著相关因素。

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引用次数: 0

The Comparison of the Effect of Childbirth Preparation Classes and Spirituality-Based Counseling on Childbirth Fear Among Nulliparous Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study 准实验研究：分娩准备班与灵性辅导对未产孕妇分娩恐惧的影响。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71879

Fatemeh Golnazari, Sousan Heydarpour, Aliakbar Foroughi, Fatemeh Heydarpour

Background and Aims

Fear of childbirth is a common issue during pregnancy. This study aimed to compare the effects of childbirth preparation classes and spirituality-based counseling on the levels of childbirth fear in primiparous pregnant women.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study involved 90 primiparous pregnant women. Participants were randomly selected and were subsequently divided into three groups: (A) childbirth preparation classes (n = 30), (B) spirituality-based counseling (n = 30), and (C) a control group (n = 30). Group A participated in 8 weekly sessions of childbirth preparation classes in addition to routine care. Group B attended 8 weekly sessions of spirituality-based counseling in addition to routine care, and Group C received only routine care. Three groups completed the delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire before, 1 week after, and 5 weeks after the intervention.

Results

Before the intervention, the mean scores of fear of childbirth were 50.97 ± 4.75, 53.23 ± 4.87, and 53.03 ± 5.12 in the A, B, and C groups, respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of fear of childbirth among the three groups. One week after the intervention, the mean scores for fear of childbirth were significantly lower in the A and the B groups compared with the C group (40.20 ± 4.97 and 43.06 ± 10.14 vs. 54.66 ± 5.60, p < 0.001) and no significant statistical difference was seen between the A and B groups. Five weeks after the intervention, the mean scores for fear of childbirth were significantly lower in the A and the B groups compared with the C group (35.26 ± 4.20, 30.50 ± 6.13, p < 0.001), and a significant statistical difference was seen between group A and B (p = 0.001) with a greater reduction in group B.

Conclusion

Both spirituality-based counseling and childbirth preparation classes reduced levels of fear of childbirth in pregnant women.

背景和目的：害怕分娩是怀孕期间的一个常见问题。本研究旨在比较分娩准备课程与灵性辅导对初产妇分娩恐惧程度的影响。方法：对90例初产孕妇进行准实验研究。参与者被随机选择，随后被分为三组：(A)分娩准备课程（n = 30）， (B)基于灵性的咨询（n = 30）， (C)对照组（n = 30）。A组孕妇除常规护理外，每周参加8次分娩准备班。B组除常规护理外，每周参加8次以灵性为基础的咨询，C组只接受常规护理。三组在干预前、干预后1周和干预后5周分别填写分娩预期/体验问卷。结果：干预前，A、B、C组分娩恐惧得分均值分别为50.97±4.75、53.23±4.87、53.03±5.12，三组分娩恐惧得分均值比较，差异均无统计学意义。干预1周后，A组和B组分娩恐惧平均得分明显低于C组（40.20±4.97和43.06±10.14比54.66±5.60,p p p = 0.001）， B组下降幅度更大。结论：以精神为基础的咨询和分娩准备课程均降低了孕妇的分娩恐惧水平。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of a Collaborative Learning Intervention on Nurses' Knowledge and Practice in Hemodialysis Vascular Access Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial 协作学习干预对血液透析血管通路护理护士知识和实践的影响：一项随机对照试验。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71696

Azizi Negin, Alilu Leyla, Alinejad Vahid, Jafarizadeh Hossein

Background and Aim

Hemodialysis vascular access is a critical requirement for patients with End Stage Kidney Disease. Hemodialysis nurses play a crucial role in maintaining the quality and efficiency of vascular access care. Structured educational interventions are crucial for enhancing nurses' knowledge and practice in providing safe care. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Collaborative Approach and Learning Cooperatives (CALC) Model on nurses' knowledge and practice in hemodialysis vascular access care.

Methods

This single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 2021 at two major teaching hospitals affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences. In this study, a total of 50 hemodialysis nurses were recruited using convenience sampling and randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 25). Data were collected at three time points: before, 1 month and 2 months after the intervention using a demographic questionnaire, a nurses' knowledge of vascular access questionnaire and a checklist of vascular access care techniques. The intervention group received education based on the CALC model. The chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

Results

Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the mean practice scores 1 month and 2 months after the educational intervention based on the CALC model between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, a significant difference was found in the mean knowledge scores at 1 month and 2 months after the intervention between the two groups (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences in average practice and knowledge scores were observed between the two groups before the intervention.

Conclusion

This study highlights the efficacy of the CALC model as an educational intervention in enhancing nurses' knowledge and practice regarding to hemodialysis vascular access care. Consequently, the implementation of this approach in clinical nursing education is recommended to promote evidence-based practice and support continuous professional development.

背景和目的：血液透析血管通路是终末期肾病患者的关键要求。血液透析护士在维持血管通路护理的质量和效率方面起着至关重要的作用。有组织的教育干预对于提高护士在提供安全护理方面的知识和实践至关重要。本研究旨在评估基于协作方法和学习合作社（CALC）模式的教育干预对护士血液透析血管通路护理知识和实践的影响。方法：单盲随机对照试验（RCT）于2021年在乌尔米亚医科大学附属两家大型教学医院进行。本研究采用方便抽样的方法，共招募了50名血液透析护士，随机分为干预组（n = 25）和对照组（n = 25）。采用人口统计问卷、护士血管通路知识问卷和血管通路护理技术清单，在干预前、干预后1个月和干预后2个月三个时间点收集数据。干预组按CALC模型进行教育。采用卡方检验、独立t检验、配对t检验和重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析。结果：方差分析显示，在基于CALC模型的教育干预后1个月和2个月，干预组与对照组的平均实践得分有显著差异(p)。结论：本研究突出了CALC模型作为教育干预在提高护士对血液透析血管通路护理的知识和实践方面的有效性。因此，建议在临床护理教育中实施这种方法，以促进循证实践和支持持续的专业发展。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology and Burden of Gallbladder and Biliary Diseases and the Socioeconomic Factors in the Region of Middle East and North Africa, 1990–2021: Estimates From the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study 1990-2021年中东和北非地区胆囊和胆道疾病的流行病学和负担以及社会经济因素：来自2021年全球疾病负担研究的估计

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71829

Zahra Isari, Melika Azizi Ghiasabadi, Mohammad Amin Gharihe, Amir Mashayekhi, Ali Khashaveh, Esmaeil Dabiri, Saeed Bahrampour, Arman Farsi, Kamiar Izadpanah, Hossein Pourghadamyari, Hamid Sharifi, Omid Eslami, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi

Background and Aims

As common disorders affecting the digestive system, gallbladder and biliary diseases present a significant health issue. This research aimed to assess the burden of these conditions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period of 1990 to 2021. Furthermore, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of these diseases in relation to age, sex, and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).

Methods

Drawing from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021, we extracted data on the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked with gallbladder and biliary disease for 21 countries in the MENA region from 1990 to 2021. The results were presented as both absolute numbers and rates per 100,000 people, accompanied by their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The association between disease burden and SDI was evaluated using smoothing spline models.

Results

In 2021, the MENA region documented 4.8 million new cases of gallbladder and biliary diseases, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 808.9 per 100,000 population, which represents a 5.0% reduction since 1990. The prevalence increased to 15.4 million cases, with an age-standardized rate of 2807.5 per 100,000, marking a 7.9% decrease. The overall disease burden, quantified in DALYs, reached 437.1 thousand, with an age-standardized rate of 85.7 per 100,000, signifying a 16.6% decline. Afghanistan estimated the highest DALY rates, while Oman had the lowest. A more pronounced burden was observed in females across all age brackets. An inverse correlation was identified between disease burden and SDI.

Conclusion

Gallbladder and biliary diseases continue to be a public health challenge, particularly affecting women, the elderly, and nations with lower SDI levels. It is imperative for each country to develop healthcare systems and preventive measures that are tailored to its specific context.

背景和目的：胆囊和胆道疾病是影响消化系统的常见疾病，是一个重要的健康问题。本研究旨在评估1990年至2021年期间中东和北非（MENA）地区这些疾病的负担。此外，我们还调查了这些疾病的流行病学特征与年龄、性别和社会人口指数（SDI）的关系。方法：根据2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究，我们提取了1990年至2021年中东和北非地区21个国家与胆囊和胆道疾病相关的患病率、发病率和残疾调整生命年（DALYs）的数据。结果显示为绝对数字和每10万人的比率，并附有相应的95%不确定区间（UIs）。使用平滑样条模型评估疾病负担与SDI之间的关系。结果：2021年，中东和北非地区记录了480万例胆囊和胆道疾病新病例，年龄标准化发病率为每10万人808.9例，自1990年以来下降了5.0%。患病率上升至1540万例，年龄标准化率为2807.5 / 10万，下降7.9%。以DALYs量化的总体疾病负担达到43.71万，年龄标准化率为85.7 / 10万，下降16.6%。阿富汗估计的DALY率最高，而阿曼则最低。在所有年龄段的女性中都观察到更明显的负担。疾病负担与SDI呈负相关。结论：胆囊和胆道疾病仍然是一个公共卫生挑战，特别是影响妇女、老年人和SDI水平较低的国家。每个国家都必须发展适合其具体情况的卫生保健系统和预防措施。

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引用次数: 0

Baseline Measurement of Grip Strength in a Sample of Nepali Nursing Staff and Students: A Cross-Sectional Study 尼泊尔护理人员和学生样本握力基线测量：一项横断面研究。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71862

Tara Jung Gurung, Lisa R. Roberts, Safiye Sahin, Dibyaswori Lakhe, Rubi Pradhan, Neha Shrestha, Uma Thapa Magar, Sangita Shrestha, Radha Pandey Acharya

Background and Aims

Musculoskeletal (MSK) problems are common among nurses and nursing students. Grip strength is a key indicator of physical health, yet there is a gap in examining grip strength and its correlates in the Nepalese nursing population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between grip strength and sample characteristics, such as MSK problems, perceived stress, exercise habits, and anthropometric measures, among Nepalese staff nurses and nursing students. Additionally, the study compared the sample's grip strength with Nepali and Indian normative values.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of Nepalese staff nurses and nursing students. Data on grip strength, MSK complaints, perceived stress levels, exercise habits, and anthropometric measures (weight, height, and BMI) were collected. Grip strength results were compared with Nepali and Indian normative values. Correlations between grip strength and sample characteristics were analyzed.

Results

The results revealed that MSK problems were prevalent, and perceived stress scores were low to moderate in the sample. Comparisons with normative values indicated that only 4.6% of participants met Nepali norms, while 37.6% met Indian norms. Grip strength showed a positive correlation with body weight, BMI, and height, but no significant correlations with age, exercise hours, MSK complaints, meditation days, and perceived stress.

Conclusion

This study underscores the significant burden of MSK problems among nurses and the importance of understanding grip strength as an indicator of physical health. Moreover, the discrepancy between Nepali and Indian grip strength norms suggests that further investigation is needed to determine which values are most appropriate for the Nepalese population. Therefore, future research should include larger samples to explore the differences in Indian and Nepalese hand grip strength normative values and reassess the Nepalese normative values.

背景与目的：肌肉骨骼（MSK）问题在护士和护生中很常见。握力是身体健康的一项关键指标，但在检查尼泊尔护理人员的握力及其相关因素方面存在差距。本研究旨在探讨尼泊尔护理人员和护生握力与样本特征（如MSK问题、感知压力、运动习惯和人体测量指标）之间的关系。此外，该研究还将样本的握力与尼泊尔和印度的标准值进行了比较。方法：采用横断面研究方法，对尼泊尔护工和护生进行抽样调查。收集握力、MSK投诉、感知压力水平、运动习惯和人体测量数据（体重、身高和BMI）。握力结果与尼泊尔和印度的标准值进行了比较。分析了握力与样品特性之间的相关性。结果：结果显示，MSK问题普遍存在，并且在样本中感知压力得分低至中等。与规范值的比较表明，只有4.6%的参与者符合尼泊尔规范，而37.6%的参与者符合印度规范。握力与体重、BMI和身高呈正相关，与年龄、运动时间、MSK抱怨、冥想天数和感知压力无显著相关。结论：本研究强调了护士MSK问题的显著负担，以及理解握力作为身体健康指标的重要性。此外，尼泊尔和印度握力标准之间的差异表明，需要进一步调查，以确定哪种值最适合尼泊尔人口。因此，未来的研究应该包括更大的样本来探索印度和尼泊尔的握力规范值的差异，并重新评估尼泊尔的规范值。

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引用次数: 0