Health Science Reports最新文献_第7页

Day-to-Day Reproducibility of Arterial Stiffness Following a Bout of Resistance Exercise in Healthy Young Females: A Reliability Study 健康年轻女性在一次阻力运动后动脉僵硬的日常再现性：一项可靠性研究

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71688

Wesley Tyler Blumenburg, Kayla M. Soave, Katharine Dianne Currie

Background and Aims

Aerobic and resistance exercise (RE) are both promoted as positive lifestyle modifications to improve cardiovascular health. While research has shown that regular aerobic exercise can improve arterial stiffness, paucity remains surrounding the vascular effects of RE. Acute RE is shown to increase and decrease arterial stiffness following exercise bouts. Additionally, the day-to-day reliability of post-RE arterial stiffness responses are currently unknown.

Purpose

To understand the day-to-day reliability of arterial stiffness following two identical bouts of acute RE in healthy young females.

Methods

Fifteen non-resistance trained females (21 ± 3 years) completed two 60-min full body RE sessions with a 7-min aerobic warm-up and cooldown on separate days. For each session, arterial stiffness (i.e., carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) was measured before and for an hour post-RE in 15-min intervals. Test-retest reliability of pre- and post-RE cfPWV from the two visits was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a linear mixed model (LMM).

Results

cfPWV revealed good reliability at rest (ICC: 0.87, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.66–0.96) and post-RE at 15 (ICC: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91), 30 (ICC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.35–0.90), and moderate reliability at 45 (ICC: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.29–0.88), and 60 min post-RE (ICC: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.33–0.90). LMM analysis demonstrated good reliability for cfPWV across visits (ICC: 0.81), with no significant main effect for visit (F (1,126) = 0.308, p = 0.580) or visit × time interaction (F (4,126) = 0.312, p = 0.869), indicating consistent temporal patterns between RE bouts. However, a significant main effect for time was observed (F (4,126) = 4.10, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that cfPWV measurements at rest and following an acute bout of RE demonstrate moderate to good day-to-day reliability in healthy young females for up to an hour, supporting the use of cfPWV in research investigating vascular responses to RE.

背景和目的：有氧运动和阻力运动（RE）都被提倡为积极的生活方式改变，以改善心血管健康。虽然研究表明，定期有氧运动可以改善动脉硬化，但RE对血管的影响周围仍然存在缺乏。急性RE被证明会在运动后增加或减少动脉硬化。此外，re后动脉僵硬反应的日常可靠性目前尚不清楚。目的：了解健康年轻女性在两次相同的急性RE发作后动脉僵硬度的日常可靠性。方法：15名无阻力训练的女性（21±3岁）分别在两天内完成两次60分钟的全身RE训练，并进行7分钟的有氧热身和冷却。在每个疗程中，动脉硬度（即颈-股脉波速度[cfPWV]）在re前和re后1小时内每隔15分钟测量一次。使用类内相关系数（ICC）和线性混合模型（LMM）评估两次就诊前和后cfPWV的重测信度。结果：cfPWV在休息（ICC: 0.87, 95%可信区间[CI]: 0.66-0.96）和re后15 （ICC: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.43-0.91）、30 （ICC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90）时显示良好的信度，在45 （ICC: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88）和re后60 min （ICC: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.33-0.90）时显示中等信度。LMM分析显示，cfPWV在各次访问中具有良好的信度（ICC: 0.81），访问（F (1,126) = 0.308, p = 0.580）或访问×时间交互作用（F (4,126) = 0.312, p = 0.869）没有显著的主效应，表明RE发作之间的时间模式一致。然而，观察到时间的显著主效应（F (4,126) = 4.10, p = 0.004）。结论：这些研究结果表明，在健康年轻女性静息和急性RE发作后的一小时内，cfPWV测量显示出中等到良好的日常可靠性，支持cfPWV用于研究血管对RE的反应。

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引用次数: 0

The Applications of Machine Learning to Prognostic Modeling for Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Protocol for a Scoping Review 机器学习在人类免疫缺陷病毒预测建模中的应用：一项范围审查方案。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71701

Sadie Gilliland, Lawrence Mbuagbaw

Background and Aims

As of late 2023, an estimated 39.9 million people are living with HIV, placing strain on healthcare systems. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, enables systems to improve performance through data-driven learning without explicit programming. HIV prognosis is influenced by clinical, epidemiological, and psychosocial factors, and ML algorithms have the potential to integrate these determinants efficiently. This can provide valuable insights into disease progression and risk assessment in terms of viral load, CD4 cell count, treatment initiation, treatment adherence, hospitalization, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis, quality of life and mental health. This protocol outlines the existing applications of ML to prognostic modeling in the context of HIV, highlighting how ML can equip physicians with rapid and accurate predictions of disease progression, thereby informing treatment decisions such as clinical prescriptions and social support plans, and optimizing patient outcomes.

Methods

The protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework. A search strategy has been developed for Medline (PubMed) and will be adapted for searches in Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library. The study selection and data extraction will be conducted in duplicate. The methods for the scoping review are prespecified to ensure transparency.

Discussion

The proposed scoping review will identify effective model types, data inputs, and applications of ML in the context of HIV prognosis. While ML has been integrated into various aspects of HIV research, few studies have focused on predicting prognosis. This review aims to synthesize current uses of ML in prognostic modeling and highlight gaps within the existing technology. The findings from this review will support the development of future ML models that can inform clinical decision-making, and, in turn, optimize patient care, improve resource allocation, and enhance public health responses to the ongoing HIV epidemic.

背景和目的：截至2023年底，估计有3990万人感染艾滋病毒，给卫生保健系统带来了压力。机器学习（ML）是人工智能的一个分支，它使系统能够通过数据驱动的学习来提高性能，而无需显式编程。HIV预后受临床、流行病学和社会心理因素的影响，ML算法有可能有效地整合这些决定因素。这可以为病毒载量、CD4细胞计数、治疗开始、治疗依从性、住院、获得性免疫缺陷综合征诊断、生活质量和精神健康等方面的疾病进展和风险评估提供有价值的见解。本协议概述了ML在HIV背景下的预后建模中的现有应用，强调了ML如何使医生能够快速准确地预测疾病进展，从而为临床处方和社会支持计划等治疗决策提供信息，并优化患者结果。方法：该方案遵循系统评价和荟萃分析扩展范围评价（PRISMA-ScR）框架的首选报告项目。已经为Medline （PubMed）开发了一个搜索策略，并将适用于Embase、Web of Science、Scopus、IEEE Xplore和ACM数字图书馆的搜索。研究选择和数据提取一式两份。范围审查的方法是预先指定的，以确保透明度。讨论：拟议的范围审查将确定有效的模型类型、数据输入和ML在HIV预后方面的应用。虽然ML已被纳入HIV研究的各个方面，但很少有研究关注于预测预后。本综述旨在综合当前机器学习在预测建模中的应用，并强调现有技术中的差距。本综述的研究结果将支持未来ML模型的开发，这些模型可以为临床决策提供信息，进而优化患者护理，改善资源分配，并加强公共卫生对正在进行的艾滋病毒流行的反应。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Adiposity and Low Total Serum Bilirubin Concentration: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study 肥胖与低血清总胆红素浓度之间的关系：一项回顾性横断面研究。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71700

Trishna Parikh, Fariha Hameed, Sumaiya Islam, Shivani Reddy, Eshani Goradia, Bhargav Vemulapalli, Aayush Visaria

Background and Aims

Bilirubin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, has been shown to negatively correlate with adiposity. However, the extent to which adiposity level influences total bilirubin (TBili) concentration remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the associations of body mass index (BMI; kg/m²) and waist circumference (WC) with low TBili concentration.

Methods

We included adults ≥ 20 years of age without elevated liver enzymes, excess alcohol use, iron overload, anemia, TBili ≥ 1.2 mg/dL, low albumin, or positive hepatitis serology from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The primary outcome was low TBili, defined as < 0.4 mg/dL. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds ratios of low TBili by BMI and WC categories, stratified by gender. We additionally explored associations between past 1-year, maximum lifetime, and non-linear continuous BMI on low TBili.

Results

Among 13,953 participants (mean age 47.3 years, 49% men, 69% non-Hispanic White), 17% were ≥ 65 years, 32% had BMI ≥ 30, and 12% had low TBili. Women with a BMI ≥ 27.5 had at least a 42% increased odds of low TBili compared to women with a BMI ≥ 23 and < 25. Women with a normal BMI but elevated WC of ≥ 88 cm had increased odds of low TBili (OR: 2.74 [1.61–4.66]) than those with a normal WC. A BMI 1 year prior to survey ≥ 35 (OR: 1.59 [1.05–2.40]) and lifetime maximum BMI ≥ 25 (OR: 1.60 [1.13–2.28]) were independently associated with low TBili in women. Similar point estimates, but no significant associations were found in men.

Conclusion

Elevated BMI and an elevated WC but normal BMI were associated with higher likelihood of low TBili in women, potentially reflecting a consequence or indirect biomarker of clinical obesity. Further studies should determine the long-term impact of low TBili on cardiometabolic disease risk and mortality.

背景和目的：胆红素是一种抗氧化剂和抗炎剂，已被证明与肥胖呈负相关。然而，肥胖水平对总胆红素（TBili）浓度的影响程度尚不清楚。我们试图评估体重指数（BMI; kg/m²）和腰围（WC）与低TBili浓度的关系。方法：我们纳入了1999-2018年全国健康与营养调查中无肝酶升高、过量饮酒、铁超载、贫血、TBili≥1.2 mg/dL、低白蛋白或肝炎血清学阳性的≥20岁的成年人。主要结局是低TBili，定义如下：在13953名参与者中（平均年龄47.3岁，49%为男性，69%为非西班牙裔白人），17%≥65岁，32% BMI≥30,12% TBili低。与BMI≥23的女性相比，BMI≥27.5的女性低TBili的几率至少增加42%。结论：BMI升高和WC升高但BMI正常与女性低TBili的可能性较高相关，可能反映了临床肥胖的后果或间接生物标志物。进一步的研究应该确定低TBili对心脏代谢疾病风险和死亡率的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

Exosome-Enhanced Injectable Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Review on Their Emerging Role in Wound Healing 外泌体增强可注射水凝胶：其在伤口愈合中的新作用的综合综述。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71694

Mohammad Ebrahim Astaneh, Lalji Baldaniya, Abhayveer Singh, Ahmad Hussen, Alireza Hashemzadeh, Narges Fereydouni

Background and Aims

The escalation of chronic wounds necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies beyond current interventions. Hydrogel dressings, particularly injectable hydrogels, offer promising solutions due to their water absorption capacity, structural resilience, and ease of application. Combining exosomes with injectable hydrogels enhances wound healing through mechanisms such as re-epithelization and tissue regeneration. This review aims to explore the synergistic effects of exosome-loaded injectable hydrogels in creating a conducive microenvironment for wound healing, emphasizing their potential as a cell-free therapeutic approach for skin regeneration.

Methods

This narrative review employed electronic databases and keyword search strategies to identify pertinent sources. Databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were utilized to retrieve relevant information. Selection criteria for sources were based on their alignment with the review's purpose, ensuring relevance and appropriateness for inclusion.

Results

This investigation delineates various avenues for sourcing exosomes to be incorporated into injectable hydrogels, with particular emphasis on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils as primary sources. Moreover, it underscores that while existing research underscores the considerable potential of combining exosomes with injectable hydrogels in advancing skin regeneration, numerous hurdles persist in effectively characterizing, isolating, facilitating large-scale production for therapeutic applications, and ensuring the optimal storage conditions for exosomes. Simultaneously, challenges abound in augmenting the mechanical robustness of injectable hydrogels, accurately assessing cytotoxicity, establishing biocompatibility, enhancing adhesion properties, and ensuring controlled release mechanisms.

Conclusion

Although exosome-loaded injectable hydrogels have shown significant effectiveness in treating various types of wounds, their synthesis and application pose significant challenges and limitations. Overcoming these hurdles comprehensively is crucial for researchers to improve the feasibility and efficacy of these advanced therapeutics. Doing so will maximize their potential in wound management practices.

背景和目的：慢性伤口的升级需要先进的治疗策略，而不是目前的干预措施。水凝胶敷料，特别是可注射水凝胶，由于其吸水能力、结构弹性和易于应用，提供了很有前途的解决方案。将外泌体与可注射水凝胶结合，通过再上皮化和组织再生等机制促进伤口愈合。本综述旨在探讨负载外泌体的可注射水凝胶在创造有利于伤口愈合的微环境中的协同作用，强调它们作为皮肤再生的无细胞治疗方法的潜力。方法：本文采用电子数据库和关键词搜索策略来识别相关来源。利用谷歌Scholar、Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库检索相关信息。来源的选择标准是基于它们与综述目的的一致性，确保纳入的相关性和适当性。结果：本研究描述了将外泌体纳入可注射水凝胶的各种途径，特别强调了脂肪来源的间充质干细胞、巨噬细胞和多形核中性粒细胞作为主要来源。此外，虽然现有的研究强调了外泌体与可注射水凝胶结合在促进皮肤再生方面的巨大潜力，但在有效表征、分离、促进治疗应用的大规模生产以及确保外泌体的最佳储存条件方面仍然存在许多障碍。同时，在增强可注射水凝胶的机械稳健性、准确评估细胞毒性、建立生物相容性、增强黏附性能和确保控释机制方面也面临着诸多挑战。结论：尽管载外泌体注射水凝胶在治疗各种类型的伤口方面显示出显著的效果，但其合成和应用仍存在重大的挑战和局限性。全面克服这些障碍对研究人员提高这些先进治疗方法的可行性和有效性至关重要。这样做将最大限度地发挥他们在伤口管理实践中的潜力。

{"title":"Exosome-Enhanced Injectable Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Review on Their Emerging Role in Wound Healing","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Astaneh, Lalji Baldaniya, Abhayveer Singh, Ahmad Hussen, Alireza Hashemzadeh, Narges Fereydouni","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71694","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71694","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The escalation of chronic wounds necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies beyond current interventions. Hydrogel dressings, particularly injectable hydrogels, offer promising solutions due to their water absorption capacity, structural resilience, and ease of application. Combining exosomes with injectable hydrogels enhances wound healing through mechanisms such as re-epithelization and tissue regeneration. This review aims to explore the synergistic effects of exosome-loaded injectable hydrogels in creating a conducive microenvironment for wound healing, emphasizing their potential as a cell-free therapeutic approach for skin regeneration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This narrative review employed electronic databases and keyword search strategies to identify pertinent sources. Databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were utilized to retrieve relevant information. Selection criteria for sources were based on their alignment with the review's purpose, ensuring relevance and appropriateness for inclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This investigation delineates various avenues for sourcing exosomes to be incorporated into injectable hydrogels, with particular emphasis on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils as primary sources. Moreover, it underscores that while existing research underscores the considerable potential of combining exosomes with injectable hydrogels in advancing skin regeneration, numerous hurdles persist in effectively characterizing, isolating, facilitating large-scale production for therapeutic applications, and ensuring the optimal storage conditions for exosomes. Simultaneously, challenges abound in augmenting the mechanical robustness of injectable hydrogels, accurately assessing cytotoxicity, establishing biocompatibility, enhancing adhesion properties, and ensuring controlled release mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although exosome-loaded injectable hydrogels have shown significant effectiveness in treating various types of wounds, their synthesis and application pose significant challenges and limitations. Overcoming these hurdles comprehensively is crucial for researchers to improve the feasibility and efficacy of these advanced therapeutics. Doing so will maximize their potential in wound management practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian Analysis of Frailty Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey 慢性肾脏疾病中衰弱危险因素的贝叶斯分析：一项全国性的横断面调查。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71698

Jiao Wang, Quan Wang, Zian Zhao, Minxin Chen, Dexter Siu-Hong Wong, James Chung-Wai Cheung, Duo Wai-Chi Wong

Introduction

Frailty in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Understanding the contributing factors to frailty in this population is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving patient care. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify potential risk factors associated with frailty in chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohorts of 2011 and 2015. A Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the relationship between selected features and frailty in chronic kidney disease.

Results

Of 1,924 participants, about one-third (n = 634) were classified as frail. Depression emerged as the strongest predictor of frailty (adjusted OR 289.49, 95%CrI 47.24–2284.82). Other significant factors included stroke (adjusted OR 18.04, 95%CrI 1.94–183.99), chronic lung disease (adjusted OR 7.96, 95%CrI 1.84–39.44), and rheumatism (adjusted OR 3.84, 95%CrI 1.12–15.14). Poor vision (adjusted OR 5.84, 95% CrI 1.68–25.25) and poor sleep quality (adjusted OR 5.12, 95% CrI 1.53–21.13), though the latter showed some instability after data imputation, were also associated with higher frailty risk. Elevated cystatin C levels showed a strong positive association (adjusted OR 52.46, 95%CrI 9.51–356.12), while higher creatinine levels were associated with lower frailty risk (adjusted OR 0.24, 95%CrI 0.07–0.81).

Conclusion

This study identified several potential contributing factors to frailty in CKD patients, with depression emerging as the strongest predictor. The counterintuitive relationship between creatinine levels and frailty underscores the complex interplay between muscle mass/quality and kidney function in frailty development, warranting further investigation.

慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者的虚弱与不良健康结局的风险增加相关。了解导致这一人群虚弱的因素对于制定有针对性的干预措施和改善患者护理至关重要。本研究的目的是确定和量化与慢性肾病患者虚弱相关的潜在危险因素。方法：我们使用2011年和2015年中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）队列的数据进行了横断面研究。采用贝叶斯混合效应logistic回归模型分析所选特征与慢性肾脏疾病衰弱之间的关系。结果：在1924名参与者中，约三分之一（n = 634）被归类为虚弱。抑郁是虚弱的最强预测因子（调整后OR为289.49,95%CrI为47.24-2284.82）。其他显著因素包括中风（调整OR 18.04, 95%CrI 1.94-183.99）、慢性肺部疾病（调整OR 7.96, 95%CrI 1.84-39.44）和风湿病（调整OR 3.84, 95%CrI 1.12-15.14）。视力差（调整后的OR 5.84， 95% CrI 1.68-25.25）和睡眠质量差（调整后的OR 5.12， 95% CrI 1.53-21.13），尽管后者在数据输入后显示出一定的不稳定性，但也与较高的衰弱风险相关。胱抑素C水平升高显示出强正相关（调整后OR为52.46,95%CrI为9.51-356.12），而较高的肌酐水平与较低的衰弱风险相关（调整后OR为0.24,95%CrI为0.07-0.81）。结论：本研究确定了CKD患者虚弱的几个潜在因素，其中抑郁症是最强的预测因子。肌酸酐水平与虚弱之间的反直觉关系强调了肌肉质量/质量和肾脏功能在虚弱发展过程中的复杂相互作用，值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Body Mass Analysis for Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study 接受外科手术患者的体重分析：一项横断面研究。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71707

Sazgar Khald Ibrahim, Rondik Khalid Mosa, Alaa Noori Sarkees, Salih M. S. Zebari

Background and Aim

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis is a reliable, noninvasive, objective, and cost-effective body composition assessment method used in clinical practice. Body composition provides information for precise nutrition intervention in the perioperative period to improve patients' postoperative outcomes. The study evaluates and estimates the nutritional status of patients undergoing surgical intervention.

Patients and Methodology

A cross-sectional survey took place from March 2024 to October 2024 to examine the body composition, muscle-fat analysis, and body-calculated data of 2368 adult patients (aged 18 years and older) from Erbil Teaching Hospital in Erbil City utilizing a convenience sampling technique from those patients who were admitted to the hospital for surgical intervention. Data were collected using the InBody machine 270, including two parts: the first was related to demographic data, while the second consisted of body composition.

Results

The analysis showed that men generally had higher levels of total body water, protein, minerals, skeletal muscle mass and fat-free mass, while women indicated higher levels of visceral fat and percent body fat, as both genders show waist-hip ratios and levels of obesity above the average.

Conclusion

The study concluded that gender differences have a significant impact on the presence of gender body composition differences.

背景与目的：生物电阻抗分析是一种可靠、无创、客观、经济的身体成分评估方法。身体成分为围手术期的精确营养干预提供信息，以改善患者的术后预后。该研究评估和估计接受手术干预的患者的营养状况。患者和方法：从2024年3月到2024年10月进行了一项横断面调查，对埃尔比勒市埃尔比勒教学医院2368名成年患者（18岁及以上）的身体组成、肌肉脂肪分析和身体计算数据进行了检查，采用方便抽样技术，从入院接受手术干预的患者中取样。使用InBody机器270收集数据，包括两部分：第一部分与人口统计数据有关，第二部分包括身体成分。结果：分析显示，男性的身体总水分、蛋白质、矿物质、骨骼肌质量和无脂质量水平普遍较高，而女性的内脏脂肪和体脂百分比水平较高，因为男女的腰臀比和肥胖水平都高于平均水平。结论：本研究得出性别差异对存在性别体成分差异有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Water Facility Type and Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-Five Children: Insights From a Hospital-Based Case-Control Study 供水设施类型与五岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染：来自医院病例对照研究的见解

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71692

Jhantu Bakchi, Subarna Ghosh, Azaz Bin Sharif

Background and Aims

When predicting the risk of childhood acute respiratory infections (ARI) among under-five children, categorizing drinking water sources remains controversial in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the impact of main two drinking water sources on childhood ARI status.

Methods

From January to April 2023, a hospital-based case-control study was carried out involving 216 cases and 216 controls among under-five children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Children with ARI symptoms were considered as cases, while controls were without ARI symptoms. Piped water sources were categorized as improved sources, while tube well/boreholes as unimproved. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the relationship between two different water source categories and childhood ARI status.

Results

Around 57% of households with cases had access to improved water sources while for controls it was 68.1%. Households with improved water sources had a 51% lower risk of having under-five children with ARIs (AOR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0, p = 0.039). Prematurity (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0, p = 0.025), delayed initiation of breastfeeding (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI:1.8–4.8, p < 0.001), exposed to in-house smoking (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.9–5.0, p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of childhood ARI. Older children had a lower risk of having ARI than infants.

Conclusion

Piped drinking water sources are associated with a lower risk of ARI among under-five children in Bangladesh. Water purification practices may act as a protective mechanism against ARI in households with piped water sources. Water supply infrastructure and behavioral strategies programs in areas with unimproved water sources could reduce the burden of ARI.

背景和目的：在孟加拉国，在预测五岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）的风险时，对饮用水源进行分类仍然存在争议。该研究旨在评估两种主要饮用水源对儿童急性呼吸道感染状况的影响。方法：从2023年1月至4月，在孟加拉国达卡开展了一项以医院为基础的病例对照研究，涉及216例病例和216例对照。有ARI症状的儿童被视为病例，而对照组没有ARI症状。管道水源被归类为改善水源，而管井/钻孔被归类为未改善水源。采用双变量和多变量logistic回归来评估两种不同水源类别与儿童急性呼吸道感染状况之间的关系。结果：大约57%的病例家庭获得了改善的水源，而对照组的这一比例为68.1%。水源改善的家庭五岁以下儿童患急性呼吸道感染的风险降低51% （AOR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-1.0, p = 0.039）。早产（AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0, p = 0.025），延迟开始母乳喂养（AOR: 3.0, 95% CI:1.8-4.8, p = 0.025）。结论：管道饮用水源与孟加拉国五岁以下儿童患急性呼吸道感染的风险较低有关。在使用管道水源的家庭中，水净化做法可作为防止急性呼吸道感染的保护机制。在水源未得到改善的地区，供水基础设施和行为策略方案可以减轻急性呼吸道感染的负担。

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引用次数: 0

Prognostic Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Cross-Sectional Study 炎症生物标志物在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤中的预后作用：一项横断面研究。

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71619

Hoda Mahdavi, Vahid Kaveh, Mahdiye Ijadi Nasrabadi, Mohammad Amin Karimi, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha

Background and Aims

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable prognoses. Inflammation-based markers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have emerged as potential prognostic indicators in various malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of NLR and PLR in g-NENs and their associations with histopathological features and survival outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients with histologically confirmed g-NENs from April 2017 to March 2019. Baseline NLR and PLR were calculated, and their relationships with tumor grade, Ki-67 proliferation index, metastatic status, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to determine independent prognostic factors.

Results

The hazard of death was approximately one-third in the low NLR group after adjusting for metastasis and tumor grade (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.80, p < 0.05). Elevated PLR was associated with poor outcomes; however, the difference between the high and low PLR groups was not statistically significant. Higher tumor grades and elevated Ki-67 indices correlated with worse survival and increased metastatic potential (p < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for CRP or ESR levels with survival.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that NLR may serve as an independent and accessible prognostic marker in g-NENs, potentially offering a cost-effective tool to support clinical decision-making. The combined assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and histopathological parameters could improve prognostic accuracy and help guide personalized management strategies in patients with g-NENs. Nevertheless, these observations should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective, single-center design and limited sample size. Future large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to confirm and expand upon these results.

背景和目的：胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤（g-NENs）是一种预后不同的异质性肿瘤。基于炎症的标志物，如中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）和血小板与淋巴细胞比率（PLR），已成为各种恶性肿瘤的潜在预后指标。本研究旨在评估NLR和PLR在g-NENs中的预后意义及其与组织病理学特征和生存结局的关系。方法：对2017年4月至2019年3月80例组织学证实的g-NENs患者进行回顾性横断面研究。计算基线NLR和PLR，并分析其与肿瘤分级、Ki-67增殖指数、转移状态和生存结果的关系。采用Cox回归和logistic回归模型确定独立预后因素。结果：在调整转移和肿瘤分级后，低NLR组的死亡风险约为三分之一（HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14-0.80, pp）。结论：我们的研究结果表明，NLR可能作为g-NENs的独立且可获得的预后标志物，可能为支持临床决策提供一种具有成本效益的工具。炎症生物标志物和组织病理学参数的联合评估可以提高g-NENs患者的预后准确性，并有助于指导个性化的治疗策略。然而，由于回顾性、单中心设计和有限的样本量，这些观察结果应谨慎解释。未来有必要进行大规模的前瞻性研究，以确认和扩展这些结果。

{"title":"Prognostic Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Hoda Mahdavi, Vahid Kaveh, Mahdiye Ijadi Nasrabadi, Mohammad Amin Karimi, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71619","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71619","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable prognoses. Inflammation-based markers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have emerged as potential prognostic indicators in various malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of NLR and PLR in g-NENs and their associations with histopathological features and survival outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients with histologically confirmed g-NENs from April 2017 to March 2019. Baseline NLR and PLR were calculated, and their relationships with tumor grade, Ki-67 proliferation index, metastatic status, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to determine independent prognostic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hazard of death was approximately one-third in the low NLR group after adjusting for metastasis and tumor grade (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.80, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Elevated PLR was associated with poor outcomes; however, the difference between the high and low PLR groups was not statistically significant. Higher tumor grades and elevated Ki-67 indices correlated with worse survival and increased metastatic potential (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for CRP or ESR levels with survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that NLR may serve as an independent and accessible prognostic marker in g-NENs, potentially offering a cost-effective tool to support clinical decision-making. The combined assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and histopathological parameters could improve prognostic accuracy and help guide personalized management strategies in patients with g-NENs. Nevertheless, these observations should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective, single-center design and limited sample size. Future large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to confirm and expand upon these results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12744923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Awareness of Obesity and Diabetes in Libya: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study 利比亚人对肥胖和糖尿病的认识：来自一项横断面研究的见解

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71654

Zinelabedin Mohamed, Eman F. A. Altarhouni, Nour El Bizri, Ezzeldin Abouelatta, Alaa Ramadan, Maged Alnajar, Nour Fakih

Background

The escalating prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide poses significant challenges to global health systems, particularly in countries such as Libya, where public health infrastructure faces various constraints. This study explores the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding obesity and DM among the Libyan population, aiming to identify factors influencing awareness and to assess the impact of this awareness on preventive healthcare practices.

Methods

Between August and September 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among Libyan citizens aged 18–75 years. A bilingual online questionnaire, validated in prior research, was employed to assess participants' knowledge of obesity and DM, along with demographic variables.

Results

Among 980 participants, knowledge of DM was significantly influenced by age (p = 0.04), socioeconomic status (p = 0.009), and education level (p = 0.03). Participants aged 20–40 years had the highest median score (14, IQR: 12–17), while having DM or a family history of DM was associated with lower scores (p < 0.0005). Multiple linear regression identified these factors, along with gender, as significant predictors (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study highlights critical gaps in the awareness and knowledge of DM and obesity among Libyan adults. Although overall awareness levels are relatively high, significant deficits in comprehensive understanding persist, particularly among older adults, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, and those with limited access to digital resources. Addressing these disparities requires multifaceted public health strategies, including tailored community-based initiatives, the integration of digital tools and traditional communication channels, enhanced training for healthcare providers, and culturally sensitive interventions.

背景：全世界肥胖和糖尿病（DM）患病率的不断上升对全球卫生系统构成了重大挑战，特别是在公共卫生基础设施面临各种限制的国家，如利比亚。本研究探讨了利比亚人口对肥胖和糖尿病的认识和知识水平，旨在确定影响认识的因素，并评估这种认识对预防性保健做法的影响。方法：在2023年8月至9月期间，对18-75岁的利比亚公民进行了横断面调查。一份在先前研究中得到验证的双语在线问卷被用来评估参与者对肥胖和糖尿病的知识，以及人口统计学变量。结果：980名被试中，年龄（p = 0.04）、社会经济地位（p = 0.009）、文化程度（p = 0.03）对糖尿病知识有显著影响。20-40岁的参与者中位数得分最高（14,IQR: 12-17），而患有糖尿病或有糖尿病家族史的参与者得分较低(p)。结论：本研究强调了利比亚成年人对糖尿病和肥胖的认识和知识存在严重差距。尽管总体意识水平相对较高，但在全面理解方面仍然存在重大缺陷，特别是在老年人、社会经济地位较低的个人和数字资源获取有限的个人中。解决这些差异需要多方面的公共卫生战略，包括量身定制的社区举措、数字工具和传统沟通渠道的整合、加强对医疗保健提供者的培训以及对文化敏感的干预措施。

{"title":"Awareness of Obesity and Diabetes in Libya: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Zinelabedin Mohamed, Eman F. A. Altarhouni, Nour El Bizri, Ezzeldin Abouelatta, Alaa Ramadan, Maged Alnajar, Nour Fakih","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71654","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71654","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The escalating prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide poses significant challenges to global health systems, particularly in countries such as Libya, where public health infrastructure faces various constraints. This study explores the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding obesity and DM among the Libyan population, aiming to identify factors influencing awareness and to assess the impact of this awareness on preventive healthcare practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between August and September 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among Libyan citizens aged 18–75 years. A bilingual online questionnaire, validated in prior research, was employed to assess participants' knowledge of obesity and DM, along with demographic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 980 participants, knowledge of DM was significantly influenced by age (<i>p</i> = 0.04), socioeconomic status (<i>p</i> = 0.009), and education level (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Participants aged 20–40 years had the highest median score (14, IQR: 12–17), while having DM or a family history of DM was associated with lower scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0005). Multiple linear regression identified these factors, along with gender, as significant predictors (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights critical gaps in the awareness and knowledge of DM and obesity among Libyan adults. Although overall awareness levels are relatively high, significant deficits in comprehensive understanding persist, particularly among older adults, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, and those with limited access to digital resources. Addressing these disparities requires multifaceted public health strategies, including tailored community-based initiatives, the integration of digital tools and traditional communication channels, enhanced training for healthcare providers, and culturally sensitive interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12745832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Infection Changed P300 Latency in Patients With Psychosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study COVID-19感染改变精神病患者P300潜伏期：一项回顾性队列研究

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71687

Xiaofeng Jiang, Shunqi Qiu, Weiwei Wang, Siwen Xu, Shengpang Wang

Background and Aims

The COVID-19 pandemic raises concerns about neurological impacts on individuals with mental health conditions, particularly cognitive function. P300 event-related potential (ERP) latency is a validated neurophysiological marker of attention and working memory. This study aimed to quantify COVID-19's effect on P300 latency in psychiatric patients and explore associations with demographic/clinical factors (gender, antipsychotic dosage).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study enrolled 19 psychiatric inpatients (13 male, 6 female; ICD-11 diagnoses: 79.2% schizophrenia). Participants underwent four auditory oddball P300 assessments: pre-infection (T1), 1 week post-infection (T2), and at ~2 months (T3), and ~3 months post-infection (T4). Latency changes were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction. Effects of gender, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose (stratified: low/medium/high) were assessed.

Results

A significant main effect of time on P300 latency was observed (F(3,12) = 8.76, p = 0.002, partial η² = 0.687). Latency peaked at T3 (338.77 ms), significantly increased from T1 (335.75 ms; mean difference [MD] = 3.02 ms, 95% CI [0.24, 5.80], p = 0.030, Cohen's d = 0.85). At T4 (337.68 ms), latency remained elevated versus T1 (MD = 1.93 ms, 95% CI [0.25, 3.62], p = 0.020). In subgroup analysis, no significant effects of gender (p = 0.184), antipsychotic dose (p = 0.947), or interactions were found. Illness duration showed potential influence, warranting further study.

Conclusion

COVID-19 infection significantly prolongs P300 latency in psychiatric patients, indicating transient impairment in attentional processing and accelerating of the progression of neurodegeneration. The effect is independent of gender or medication dose, suggesting direct neurological dysfunction mechanisms. Partial recovery by T4 supports the potential reversibility of COVID-19-related cognitive deficits, with implications for monitoring rehabilitation.

背景和目的：2019冠状病毒病大流行引发了人们对精神健康状况患者神经系统影响的担忧，特别是对认知功能的影响。P300事件相关电位（ERP）潜伏期是注意和工作记忆的神经生理标记。本研究旨在量化COVID-19对精神病患者P300潜伏期的影响，并探讨其与人口统计学/临床因素（性别、抗精神病药剂量）的关系。方法：回顾性队列研究纳入19例精神科住院患者（男性13例，女性6例；ICD-11诊断：79.2%为精神分裂症）。参与者进行了四次听觉奇球P300评估：感染前（T1），感染后1周（T2），感染后2个月（T3）和3个月（T4）。潜伏期变化分析采用重复测量方差分析与温室-盖瑟校正。评估性别、氯丙嗪当量剂量（分层：低/中/高）的影响。结果：时间对P300潜伏期有显著的主效应（F(3,12) = 8.76, p = 0.002，偏η²= 0.687）。潜伏期在T3达到峰值（338.77 ms），较T1 （335.75 ms）显著增加；平均差[MD] = 3.02 ms, 95% CI [0.24, 5.80], p = 0.030, Cohen’s d = 0.85)。在T4 （337.68 ms）时，潜伏期仍高于T1 （MD = 1.93 ms, 95% CI [0.25, 3.62], p = 0.020）。在亚组分析中，性别（p = 0.184）、抗精神病药物剂量（p = 0.947）及相互作用均无显著影响。疾病持续时间有潜在影响，值得进一步研究。结论：COVID-19感染显著延长精神病患者P300潜伏期，提示注意力加工出现一过性障碍，神经退行性疾病进展加快。该效应与性别或药物剂量无关，提示直接的神经功能障碍机制。T4的部分恢复支持与covid -19相关的认知缺陷的潜在可逆性，并对监测康复具有影响。

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引用次数: 0