Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859928
S. Constantine
ABSTRACT This article examines the role that a discriminatory application of the German Trade Code (Gewerbeordnung) played in the ‘Gypsy’ policy of the German Second Empire. It argues that the Code became central to the legalistic and bureaucratic form that their persecution assumed in this period, serving to criminalise the itinerant lifestyle of the Sinti and Roma and contributing greatly to their social and economic marginalisation.
{"title":"Denying the right to work. German trade regulation and anti-Gypsy policy 1871–1914","authors":"S. Constantine","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the role that a discriminatory application of the German Trade Code (Gewerbeordnung) played in the ‘Gypsy’ policy of the German Second Empire. It argues that the Code became central to the legalistic and bureaucratic form that their persecution assumed in this period, serving to criminalise the itinerant lifestyle of the Sinti and Roma and contributing greatly to their social and economic marginalisation.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46185506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2021.1879493
Erika D. Rappaport
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"Erika D. Rappaport","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2021.1879493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2021.1879493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2021.1879493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859925
Massimiliano Papini
ABSTRACT In the second half of the nineteenth century, many European countries and North America were hit by a great wave of interest in all things Japanese. This article examines how local retailers played a central role in spreading this transcultural phenomenon in a peripheral region, namely the North East of England. Through more or less specialist shops, Japanese decorative articles such as textiles, ceramics, lacquerware, and fans became accessible in the North East at the same time as many other parts of the United Kingdom. By drawing upon newspaper advertisements, it has been possible to demonstrate that local retailers promoted the same idealised vision of pre-modern Japan that was intertwined with the countrywide desire for cosmopolitanism. The Mikado Bazaar in Sunderland exploited this new pattern of consumption by arranging a multifaced shopping experience through which customers could virtually travel to an idealised Japan without leaving Sunderland. Such a reassuring and desirable image of Japan was instrumental in reducing Japanese culture to the state of a commodifiable set of objects.
{"title":"A ‘veritable fairyland’: Mikado Bazaar in Sunderland and the commodification of Japanese culture in the North East of England, 1861–1900","authors":"Massimiliano Papini","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859925","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the second half of the nineteenth century, many European countries and North America were hit by a great wave of interest in all things Japanese. This article examines how local retailers played a central role in spreading this transcultural phenomenon in a peripheral region, namely the North East of England. Through more or less specialist shops, Japanese decorative articles such as textiles, ceramics, lacquerware, and fans became accessible in the North East at the same time as many other parts of the United Kingdom. By drawing upon newspaper advertisements, it has been possible to demonstrate that local retailers promoted the same idealised vision of pre-modern Japan that was intertwined with the countrywide desire for cosmopolitanism. The Mikado Bazaar in Sunderland exploited this new pattern of consumption by arranging a multifaced shopping experience through which customers could virtually travel to an idealised Japan without leaving Sunderland. Such a reassuring and desirable image of Japan was instrumental in reducing Japanese culture to the state of a commodifiable set of objects.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2020.1719327
Iryna Skubii
ABSTRACT In the 1920s the Soviet government decided to focus on women as principal movers in the creation of a new social order based on everyday life. The object of this investigation is to revisit this period in early Soviet history to better understand the interconnection between the motives of the government policymakers and the behaviour of urban women consumers. It focuses on questions about the persistence of the old order alongside the new in the assortment of women's goods, the part played by hand-made items, cosmetics and the individualization of clothes. Special attention is paid to the attitudes of Ukrainian women as the consumers of everyday items and their interaction with Soviet ideology. The elucidation of the role of consumerism with special emphasis on the crucial part played by women provides a novel window into the period and an opportunity to reconstruct social practices and everydayness of the 1920–30s Soviet era.
{"title":"Women consumers in urban Soviet Ukraine in the 1920–30s: between ideology and everyday life","authors":"Iryna Skubii","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2020.1719327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1719327","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the 1920s the Soviet government decided to focus on women as principal movers in the creation of a new social order based on everyday life. The object of this investigation is to revisit this period in early Soviet history to better understand the interconnection between the motives of the government policymakers and the behaviour of urban women consumers. It focuses on questions about the persistence of the old order alongside the new in the assortment of women's goods, the part played by hand-made items, cosmetics and the individualization of clothes. Special attention is paid to the attitudes of Ukrainian women as the consumers of everyday items and their interaction with Soviet ideology. The elucidation of the role of consumerism with special emphasis on the crucial part played by women provides a novel window into the period and an opportunity to reconstruct social practices and everydayness of the 1920–30s Soviet era.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1719327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2020.1755936
R. Regev
ABSTRACT WWII ushered in an era of economic growth in the United States, which enshrined consumption as an integral part of liberal citizenship. Black Americans were often excluded from the benefits of this ‘affluent society,’ due to the prevalence of segregation and discrimination in the name of white supremacy. Still, throughout the 1940s and 1950s, a network of black intellectuals and business leaders promoted their own vision of economic abundance. By emphasizing the power of the ‘black market,’ the Afro-American economic elite advocated for a black consumer society, in which black shoppers used their buying power to promote racial uplift. Following the full contours of the African American consumer discourse reveals that the preoccupation with the black shopper helped turn this quotidian identity into a political category and marked the commercial realm as a viable arena in the struggle for civil rights.
{"title":"‘We want no more economic islands': the mobilization of the black consumer market in post war U.S.","authors":"R. Regev","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2020.1755936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1755936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT WWII ushered in an era of economic growth in the United States, which enshrined consumption as an integral part of liberal citizenship. Black Americans were often excluded from the benefits of this ‘affluent society,’ due to the prevalence of segregation and discrimination in the name of white supremacy. Still, throughout the 1940s and 1950s, a network of black intellectuals and business leaders promoted their own vision of economic abundance. By emphasizing the power of the ‘black market,’ the Afro-American economic elite advocated for a black consumer society, in which black shoppers used their buying power to promote racial uplift. Following the full contours of the African American consumer discourse reveals that the preoccupation with the black shopper helped turn this quotidian identity into a political category and marked the commercial realm as a viable arena in the struggle for civil rights.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1755936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2019.1646034
Rosalía Guerrero Cantarell
ABSTRACT This article explores the establishment of the banana trade in Sweden, from the founding of the first import company in 1906 to the outbreak of World War II. The Swedish banana trade was consolidated in the space of a few short years despite the fact that optimal conditions for success were not obviously present from the beginning. The Swedish banana market, characterized by the dominance of one import company for the most part of the period, matured rapidly. This outcome was driven by a combination of technological advances, the creation of a corporate structure, effective advertising as well as a popular and scientifically backed view of bananas as a source of wellness for the Swedish people. The case of the establishment of the banana trade in Sweden is an example of how a global product was adapted and embraced by a remote market, while it also reveals interesting features of Swedish business and food cultures.
{"title":"Lovely bananas! An exploration of the banana trade in Sweden 1906–1939","authors":"Rosalía Guerrero Cantarell","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2019.1646034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1646034","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the establishment of the banana trade in Sweden, from the founding of the first import company in 1906 to the outbreak of World War II. The Swedish banana trade was consolidated in the space of a few short years despite the fact that optimal conditions for success were not obviously present from the beginning. The Swedish banana market, characterized by the dominance of one import company for the most part of the period, matured rapidly. This outcome was driven by a combination of technological advances, the creation of a corporate structure, effective advertising as well as a popular and scientifically backed view of bananas as a source of wellness for the Swedish people. The case of the establishment of the banana trade in Sweden is an example of how a global product was adapted and embraced by a remote market, while it also reveals interesting features of Swedish business and food cultures.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1646034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518x.2020.1772580
Vicki Howard, J. Stobart
{"title":"Issue 6.1: Introduction","authors":"Vicki Howard, J. Stobart","doi":"10.1080/2373518x.2020.1772580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518x.2020.1772580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518x.2020.1772580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46655632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703322
D. Fallon
ABSTRACT This article reconstructs the London bookshops run by Thomas Payne and his son, Thomas Payne Junior, first at the Mews Gate and then at Schomberg House, Pall Mall. As well as retailing and publishing, the shops became venues for sociable gatherings and served a public function akin to the coffee house in Jürgen Habermas’s influential account of the public sphere. Indeed, Payne’s shop at the Mews Gate gained a reputation as the first ‘literary coffee-house’. The article recovers important connections between the print production, retail, and sociability in the Paynes’ shops, exemplifying changes in the market for rare books and the bookseller’s rising respectability from the mid-eighteenth century to the early decades of the nineteenth century.
{"title":"‘Stuffd up with books’: the bookshops and business of Thomas Payne and Son, 1740–1831","authors":"D. Fallon","doi":"10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reconstructs the London bookshops run by Thomas Payne and his son, Thomas Payne Junior, first at the Mews Gate and then at Schomberg House, Pall Mall. As well as retailing and publishing, the shops became venues for sociable gatherings and served a public function akin to the coffee house in Jürgen Habermas’s influential account of the public sphere. Indeed, Payne’s shop at the Mews Gate gained a reputation as the first ‘literary coffee-house’. The article recovers important connections between the print production, retail, and sociability in the Paynes’ shops, exemplifying changes in the market for rare books and the bookseller’s rising respectability from the mid-eighteenth century to the early decades of the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41535952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703326
J. Davidson
ABSTRACT Fairs were widely visited in this period for both business and entertainment, and yet their place in the histories of retailing and consumption has been limited. This article presents a renewed analysis of the commercial role of fairs in England in the long eighteenth century. Using a case study of Bristol’s St James’s Fair, from which a particular wealth of archival evidence remains, it explores how fairs were organised, who traded at these events, and what strategies were used to attract potential customers. Fairs emerge as enduring places of trade whose activities made a significant impact on the businesses of both itinerant traders and those who otherwise traded out of shops. A study of fairs opens avenues of renewed enquiry into the patterns and practices of distribution and the way in which the market for goods was linked to the market for services, entertainment, or agricultural products.
{"title":"‘Here mirth and merchandise are mix’d’: buying and selling at the English provincial fair reconsidered","authors":"J. Davidson","doi":"10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703326","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fairs were widely visited in this period for both business and entertainment, and yet their place in the histories of retailing and consumption has been limited. This article presents a renewed analysis of the commercial role of fairs in England in the long eighteenth century. Using a case study of Bristol’s St James’s Fair, from which a particular wealth of archival evidence remains, it explores how fairs were organised, who traded at these events, and what strategies were used to attract potential customers. Fairs emerge as enduring places of trade whose activities made a significant impact on the businesses of both itinerant traders and those who otherwise traded out of shops. A study of fairs opens avenues of renewed enquiry into the patterns and practices of distribution and the way in which the market for goods was linked to the market for services, entertainment, or agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518x.2019.1703326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47418702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2019.1703325
J. Albrecht
ABSTRACT In the second half of the eighteenth century, a larger socioeconomic struggle about society, the market, and food occurred in Vienna, the capital of the Habsburg Empire. As in Paris two decades earlier and New York City some decades later, in Vienna food was reconceptualised from a public to a private good. This paper argues that in all three cities, surprisingly similar attempts were made to commodify food and to make it a ‘fictitious commodity’. As this triggered resistance, the process can be described as a double movement between embedded and disembedded markets coined by Karl Polanyi that significantly affected how food was sold and bought. By using heretofore-disregarded archive material of the capital’s Bakers’ Guild, the contribution traces the double movement around bread between 1775 and 1791 and introduces Vienna into the internal debate on the political economy of food and the city.
{"title":"The struggle for bread. The Emperor, the city and the bakers between moral and market economies of food in Vienna, 1775–1791","authors":"J. Albrecht","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2019.1703325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1703325","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the second half of the eighteenth century, a larger socioeconomic struggle about society, the market, and food occurred in Vienna, the capital of the Habsburg Empire. As in Paris two decades earlier and New York City some decades later, in Vienna food was reconceptualised from a public to a private good. This paper argues that in all three cities, surprisingly similar attempts were made to commodify food and to make it a ‘fictitious commodity’. As this triggered resistance, the process can be described as a double movement between embedded and disembedded markets coined by Karl Polanyi that significantly affected how food was sold and bought. By using heretofore-disregarded archive material of the capital’s Bakers’ Guild, the contribution traces the double movement around bread between 1775 and 1791 and introduces Vienna into the internal debate on the political economy of food and the city.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1703325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44303397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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