Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.53-60
A. Iswantari, Kurniawan Kurniawan, V. A. Prakoso, D. Radona, Deni Irawan, F. P. Putri, W. Cahyanti, O. Z. Arifin, J. Subagja, R. Gustiano, I. I. Kusmini, A. Wibowo, A. Kristanto
Hypoxia is one of the critical issues in aquaculture production systems as it can lead to physiological disturbances in cultured fish. This research aimed to evaluate the tolerance level and physiological responses of domesticated Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus reared in various hypoxia conditions. A total of 12 fish/treatment were acclimated to gradually decreased dissolved oxygen treatments until fish experienced aquatic surface respiratory (ASR) and loss of equilibrium (LOE). Cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose levels were detected in the blood plasma to evaluate the stress response of the fish to hypoxia. The result showed that ASR of H. nemurus was identified at 2.17 ± 0.14 ppm of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration with the percentage of ASR was 77.67 ± 9.53%, while LOE critical of H. nemurus happened at 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm of DO where 55.56 ± 4.81% of the fish experienced LOE. There were significant differences in the values of physiological parameters (blood cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose) between control and treatments as fish experienced LOE (P<0.05). In the present study, it was found that the Asian redtail catfish is classified as a hypoxia-sensitive fish group. Tehis finding is valuable information for the rearing and growing of the fish to provide an optimal DO concentration for their growth and survival.
{"title":"RESILIENCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THE DOMESTICATED ASIAN REDTAIL CATFISH Hemibagrus nemurus TO HYPOXIA CONDITION","authors":"A. Iswantari, Kurniawan Kurniawan, V. A. Prakoso, D. Radona, Deni Irawan, F. P. Putri, W. Cahyanti, O. Z. Arifin, J. Subagja, R. Gustiano, I. I. Kusmini, A. Wibowo, A. Kristanto","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.53-60","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia is one of the critical issues in aquaculture production systems as it can lead to physiological disturbances in cultured fish. This research aimed to evaluate the tolerance level and physiological responses of domesticated Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus reared in various hypoxia conditions. A total of 12 fish/treatment were acclimated to gradually decreased dissolved oxygen treatments until fish experienced aquatic surface respiratory (ASR) and loss of equilibrium (LOE). Cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose levels were detected in the blood plasma to evaluate the stress response of the fish to hypoxia. The result showed that ASR of H. nemurus was identified at 2.17 ± 0.14 ppm of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration with the percentage of ASR was 77.67 ± 9.53%, while LOE critical of H. nemurus happened at 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm of DO where 55.56 ± 4.81% of the fish experienced LOE. There were significant differences in the values of physiological parameters (blood cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose) between control and treatments as fish experienced LOE (P<0.05). In the present study, it was found that the Asian redtail catfish is classified as a hypoxia-sensitive fish group. Tehis finding is valuable information for the rearing and growing of the fish to provide an optimal DO concentration for their growth and survival.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42641871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.27-35
B. Heltonika, A. Sudrajat, M. Z. Junior, W. Widanarni, M. Suprayudi, W. Manalu, Y. Hadiroseyani
One of the obstacles in Asian redtail catfish hatchery is the high cannibalism incidence. Cannibalism is associated with aggressive behavior caused by hormonal metabolism especially of testosterone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of testosterone administration on the cannibalism incidence in the Asian redtail catfish juveniles. The experiment was conducted by rearing fish with initial length of 4.09±0.19 cm in 16 of 20 L aquariums with a density of 2 fish L-1. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments which were different level of 17α-methyltestosterone supplementation in feed, i.e., 0 mg kg-1 feed (A) as control, 7.5 mg kg-1 feed (B), 15 mg kg-1 feed (C), and 30 mg kg-1 feed (D). Each treatment has 4 replications. Fish fed experimental diet (40% protein) 4 times a day to satiation for 30 days. The parameters observed were type and index of cannibalism, aggressive behavior, survival rate, normal mortality, growth performance, hormones concentrations (estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol), and water quality. The results showed that cannibalism type II (the fish eaten completely or missing) and cannibalism index increased with the increasing doses of testosterone administration in the feed with the highest cannibalism incidence was 40.63%. The highest survival rate was found in treatment B (73.75±2.50%) and was not significantly different from the control treatment (69.38±2.39%). No differences in testosterone concentration and in the growth performance among the treatments. However, there was a trend of decrease in the estradiol concentration of Asian redtail catfish juveniles fed ration supplemented with the increasing doses of 17α-methyltestosterone. Based on the results obtained in this research, estradiol changed in the body's plasma, it appears that there was a role for plasma estradiol concentration in controlling cannibalism of Asian redtail catfish juveniles. It concluded that the testosterone administration affected the cannibalism incidence in the Asian redtail Catfish.
{"title":"CANNIBALISM PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN REDTAIL CATFISH (Hemibagrus nemurus) FED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT DOSES OF 17α-METHYLTESTOSTERONE","authors":"B. Heltonika, A. Sudrajat, M. Z. Junior, W. Widanarni, M. Suprayudi, W. Manalu, Y. Hadiroseyani","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.27-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.27-35","url":null,"abstract":"One of the obstacles in Asian redtail catfish hatchery is the high cannibalism incidence. Cannibalism is associated with aggressive behavior caused by hormonal metabolism especially of testosterone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of testosterone administration on the cannibalism incidence in the Asian redtail catfish juveniles. The experiment was conducted by rearing fish with initial length of 4.09±0.19 cm in 16 of 20 L aquariums with a density of 2 fish L-1. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments which were different level of 17α-methyltestosterone supplementation in feed, i.e., 0 mg kg-1 feed (A) as control, 7.5 mg kg-1 feed (B), 15 mg kg-1 feed (C), and 30 mg kg-1 feed (D). Each treatment has 4 replications. Fish fed experimental diet (40% protein) 4 times a day to satiation for 30 days. The parameters observed were type and index of cannibalism, aggressive behavior, survival rate, normal mortality, growth performance, hormones concentrations (estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol), and water quality. The results showed that cannibalism type II (the fish eaten completely or missing) and cannibalism index increased with the increasing doses of testosterone administration in the feed with the highest cannibalism incidence was 40.63%. The highest survival rate was found in treatment B (73.75±2.50%) and was not significantly different from the control treatment (69.38±2.39%). No differences in testosterone concentration and in the growth performance among the treatments. However, there was a trend of decrease in the estradiol concentration of Asian redtail catfish juveniles fed ration supplemented with the increasing doses of 17α-methyltestosterone. Based on the results obtained in this research, estradiol changed in the body's plasma, it appears that there was a role for plasma estradiol concentration in controlling cannibalism of Asian redtail catfish juveniles. It concluded that the testosterone administration affected the cannibalism incidence in the Asian redtail Catfish. ","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.37-44
N. N. Kovalev, S. Leskova, E. V. Mikheev
The research of the effect of gibberellic (0.4 - 3.8x 10-8 mol.L-1) and salicylic (0.4 - 3.8 x 10-5 mol.L-1) acids, in a wide range of their concentrations, on the growth indicators and biochemical composition of the cumulative culture of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum was carried out. It was determined that salicylic acid in a concentration of 0.4 x 10-5 mol stimulated cell growth by 184.6%, and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 0.39 x 10-8 mol by 181%, compared to the control. The effect of gibberellic acid during the experiment was expressed in the inhibition of protein accumulation in the culture, compared with the control. The use of salicylic acid led to a greater accumulation of protein in the culture than when using gibberellic acid. It was shown that salicylic acid had a positive effect on the accumulation of carbohydrates on day 9 and gibberellic acid on day 14 of culture. Gibberellic acid had no effect on the accumulation of lipids in the culture of microalgae. Under the action of salicylic acid for 14 days of cultivation, the lipid content increased by 18.5%, compared with the control. There were no quantitative differences in the content of chlorophyll when using two phytohormones. In this study, the optimal concentrations of gibberellic and salicylic acids for linear growth rate and the highest production of protein and carbohydrates for Phaeodactylum tricornutum were determined. Position, depending on the stage of microalgae growth, is noted.
研究了不同浓度的赤霉素（0.4-3.8x10-8 mol.L-1）和水杨酸（0.4-3.8 x10-5 mol.L-1。经测定，与对照相比，0.4 x 10-5 mol浓度的水杨酸刺激细胞生长184.6%，0.39 x 10-8 mol浓度的赤霉酸刺激细胞生长181%。与对照相比，赤霉素在实验期间的作用表现为抑制培养物中的蛋白质积累。与使用赤霉酸相比，水杨酸的使用导致培养物中蛋白质的积累更多。结果表明，水杨酸对培养第9天的碳水化合物积累和第14天的赤霉酸积累有积极影响。赤霉素对微藻培养物中脂质的积累没有影响。在水杨酸的作用下，培养14天，脂质含量比对照增加18.5%。当使用两种植物激素时，叶绿素含量没有定量差异。在本研究中，确定了赤霉素和水杨酸对三角褐指藻线性生长速率和最高蛋白质和碳水化合物产量的最佳浓度。根据微藻生长的阶段，注意位置。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC AND SALICYLIC ACIDS ON THE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"N. N. Kovalev, S. Leskova, E. V. Mikheev","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.37-44","url":null,"abstract":"The research of the effect of gibberellic (0.4 - 3.8x 10-8 mol.L-1) and salicylic (0.4 - 3.8 x 10-5 mol.L-1) acids, in a wide range of their concentrations, on the growth indicators and biochemical composition of the cumulative culture of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum was carried out. It was determined that salicylic acid in a concentration of 0.4 x 10-5 mol stimulated cell growth by 184.6%, and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 0.39 x 10-8 mol by 181%, compared to the control. The effect of gibberellic acid during the experiment was expressed in the inhibition of protein accumulation in the culture, compared with the control. The use of salicylic acid led to a greater accumulation of protein in the culture than when using gibberellic acid. It was shown that salicylic acid had a positive effect on the accumulation of carbohydrates on day 9 and gibberellic acid on day 14 of culture. Gibberellic acid had no effect on the accumulation of lipids in the culture of microalgae. Under the action of salicylic acid for 14 days of cultivation, the lipid content increased by 18.5%, compared with the control. There were no quantitative differences in the content of chlorophyll when using two phytohormones. In this study, the optimal concentrations of gibberellic and salicylic acids for linear growth rate and the highest production of protein and carbohydrates for Phaeodactylum tricornutum were determined. Position, depending on the stage of microalgae growth, is noted.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49528893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.17-25
E. Supriyono, K. Nirmala, K. Sabilu, Wa Iba Wa Iba, Murni Sabilu
Solid organic waste (PSW) in shrimp ponds contains relatively high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus and can endanger the ecological balance of the waters. This study evaluates the ability of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra to remove nitrogen and phosphorus loads from shrimp pond sediment waste in water and sediment. Sea cucumbers were reared for 40 days with a density of 20 individuals/m2 (average body weight 2.65±0.09 g) and a double-bottom recirculation system. Five levels of PSW accumulation were inserted into the aquarium substrate and were the sole source of nutrition for sea cucumbers without additional feeding: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (with three replications). The results showed that increasing the PSW content in the aquarium research substrate significantly increased the substrate's TOC, TN, and TP content and increased the concentrations of TOM, DOC, NH3, NO2, and PO4 in the water column. The activity of sea cucumbers in utilizing PSW nutrients in all treatments up to a PSW level of 50% significantly reduced TOC, TN, and TP in sediments. This activity also substantially removes the concentration of TOM, DOC, NH3, NO2, and PO4 in the water. It is estimated that every kilogram of H. scabra can remove up to 12.65-12.73 g of nitrogen/day and 2.57-2.60 g of phosphorus/day contained in the solid organic waste of shrimp ponds. Therefore, this study concluded that H. scabra has great potential to be used as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) species, especially to remove nitrogen and phosphorus loads from shrimp pond sediment waste in waters.
{"title":"CAPABILITY OF SEA CUCUMBER Holothuria scabra TO REMOVE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOR WASTE FROM SHRIMP PONDS CULTURE","authors":"E. Supriyono, K. Nirmala, K. Sabilu, Wa Iba Wa Iba, Murni Sabilu","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.17-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.17-25","url":null,"abstract":"Solid organic waste (PSW) in shrimp ponds contains relatively high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus and can endanger the ecological balance of the waters. This study evaluates the ability of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra to remove nitrogen and phosphorus loads from shrimp pond sediment waste in water and sediment. Sea cucumbers were reared for 40 days with a density of 20 individuals/m2 (average body weight 2.65±0.09 g) and a double-bottom recirculation system. Five levels of PSW accumulation were inserted into the aquarium substrate and were the sole source of nutrition for sea cucumbers without additional feeding: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (with three replications). The results showed that increasing the PSW content in the aquarium research substrate significantly increased the substrate's TOC, TN, and TP content and increased the concentrations of TOM, DOC, NH3, NO2, and PO4 in the water column. The activity of sea cucumbers in utilizing PSW nutrients in all treatments up to a PSW level of 50% significantly reduced TOC, TN, and TP in sediments. This activity also substantially removes the concentration of TOM, DOC, NH3, NO2, and PO4 in the water. It is estimated that every kilogram of H. scabra can remove up to 12.65-12.73 g of nitrogen/day and 2.57-2.60 g of phosphorus/day contained in the solid organic waste of shrimp ponds. Therefore, this study concluded that H. scabra has great potential to be used as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) species, especially to remove nitrogen and phosphorus loads from shrimp pond sediment waste in waters.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48817504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.61-69
Rizky Regina Kawirian, R. Affandi, A. Mashar, I. Effendi
Ekas Bay is the largest bay on the island of Lombok which is the location for catching and cultivating spiny lobsters. This research was conducted from May to July 2021 on the Scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus). This study aims to identify the types of natural foods consumed and determine the preferred types of food, as well as the early juvenile feeding time of Scalloped spiny lobster located in Ekas Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB). Puerulus samples were collected in the last week of May 2021, enlarged puerulus was performed in submerged cages measuring 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm, mesh size <3 mm, with a density of 4 puerulus/m2. The cages are placed at a location 70 m to the sea from the shoreline, at a depth of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m. After reaching the juvenile phase, lobsters are collected during the new and full moon phases (06.00 am, 06.00 pm and 12.00 am, respectively) in June to July 2021. A total of 60 individual juvenile lobsters (algal phase) were analyzed for their stomach contents. The average percentage of the total Index of Relative Important (IRI) obtained for the identified taxa were bivalves (22.32%), copepods (23.64%), demosponges (24.98%), while digestibdle material was 29.06%. The electivity index data (Ei) shows that lobsters prefer bivalves over other taxa. Lobster samples taken in the morning had a stomach fullness rate of 50%, indicating active feeding at night.
{"title":"FOOD PREFERENCES OF EARLY JUVENILE SCALLOPED SPINY LOBSTER IN EKAS BAY, LOMBOK, INDONESIA","authors":"Rizky Regina Kawirian, R. Affandi, A. Mashar, I. Effendi","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.61-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.61-69","url":null,"abstract":"Ekas Bay is the largest bay on the island of Lombok which is the location for catching and cultivating spiny lobsters. This research was conducted from May to July 2021 on the Scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus). This study aims to identify the types of natural foods consumed and determine the preferred types of food, as well as the early juvenile feeding time of Scalloped spiny lobster located in Ekas Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB). Puerulus samples were collected in the last week of May 2021, enlarged puerulus was performed in submerged cages measuring 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm, mesh size <3 mm, with a density of 4 puerulus/m2. The cages are placed at a location 70 m to the sea from the shoreline, at a depth of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m. After reaching the juvenile phase, lobsters are collected during the new and full moon phases (06.00 am, 06.00 pm and 12.00 am, respectively) in June to July 2021. A total of 60 individual juvenile lobsters (algal phase) were analyzed for their stomach contents. The average percentage of the total Index of Relative Important (IRI) obtained for the identified taxa were bivalves (22.32%), copepods (23.64%), demosponges (24.98%), while digestibdle material was 29.06%. The electivity index data (Ei) shows that lobsters prefer bivalves over other taxa. Lobster samples taken in the morning had a stomach fullness rate of 50%, indicating active feeding at night.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49664265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.71-77
Ananda Ghifari Leying, V. A. Prakoso, O. Z. Arifin, J. Subagja, Kurniawan Kurniawan, Deni Irawan, W. Cahyanti, F. P. Putri, Ofan Bosman, A. Wibowo, A. Kristanto, T. B. Pramono
Tor soro is one of the most economically important native freshwater fish species in Indonesia. Nonetheless, the insufficient data regarding its salinity tolerance makes a thorough investigation of this issue imperative. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on the growth and physiological response of Tor soro juveniles at optimum salinity levels. This study used Tor soro (total length: 5.0±0.08 cm; initial weight: 2.0 ± 0.06 g) with five salinity level treatments of, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppt, and the stocking density of 15 fish per aquarium (three replications). Fish were maintained for 30 days and fed with commercial aquafeed. In this study, the best growth was found in 2 ppt (length gain: 0.37 ± 0.05 cm; weight gain: 0.23 ± 0.01 g; specific growth rate in length: 1.38 ± 0.16 % day-1; specific growth rate in weight: 0.78 ± 0.05% day-1) which is significantly higher than 4, 6, and 8 ppt (p<0.05), but it is not significantly different from 0 ppt (p>0.05). The results of the physiological response showed that there were no significant stress responses in Tor soro juvenile for all salinity treatments (p>0.05). there was no effect of 2 ppt salinity on the growth parameters compared to controls, but salinities above ppt had a significant detrimental effect. Exposure to salinities did not have any stress effect as shown by physiological indicators.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF Tor soro JUVENILE","authors":"Ananda Ghifari Leying, V. A. Prakoso, O. Z. Arifin, J. Subagja, Kurniawan Kurniawan, Deni Irawan, W. Cahyanti, F. P. Putri, Ofan Bosman, A. Wibowo, A. Kristanto, T. B. Pramono","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.71-77","url":null,"abstract":"Tor soro is one of the most economically important native freshwater fish species in Indonesia. Nonetheless, the insufficient data regarding its salinity tolerance makes a thorough investigation of this issue imperative. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on the growth and physiological response of Tor soro juveniles at optimum salinity levels. This study used Tor soro (total length: 5.0±0.08 cm; initial weight: 2.0 ± 0.06 g) with five salinity level treatments of, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppt, and the stocking density of 15 fish per aquarium (three replications). Fish were maintained for 30 days and fed with commercial aquafeed. In this study, the best growth was found in 2 ppt (length gain: 0.37 ± 0.05 cm; weight gain: 0.23 ± 0.01 g; specific growth rate in length: 1.38 ± 0.16 % day-1; specific growth rate in weight: 0.78 ± 0.05% day-1) which is significantly higher than 4, 6, and 8 ppt (p<0.05), but it is not significantly different from 0 ppt (p>0.05). The results of the physiological response showed that there were no significant stress responses in Tor soro juvenile for all salinity treatments (p>0.05). there was no effect of 2 ppt salinity on the growth parameters compared to controls, but salinities above ppt had a significant detrimental effect. Exposure to salinities did not have any stress effect as shown by physiological indicators.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49038277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.79-86
I. Koesharyani, P. E. Sudaryatma, L. Gardenia, Y. Aryati, K. Mahardika, T. Mufidah
The multiple-pathogen infection causes severe economic impact to shrimp industry in Indonesia and worldwide due to mass mortality and multiple abnormalities of the survived infected shrimps. However, multiple-pathogen detection tools in shrimp diseases have not yet widely used. The purpose in this study was to develop and applied simultaneous detection system using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay from natural infections caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and monodon baculovirus (MBV) in Black tiger shrimp culture. To analyze multiple-pathogen infections in the shrimp, the study designed and used three pairs of specific primers targeting DNA virus from the shrimp diseases. All amplifications used a specific master mix for multiplex PCR assay and standardized extracted nucleic acid from the samples. This mPCR assay successfully amplified the DNA of three viruses in a single tube-run by multiplex PCR for each virus. Based on the results, the study confirms that multiple-pathogen infection contributes the highest mass mortality rather than from single infection by either WSSV, IHHNV or MBV. This study also confirms that the mPCR assay is a faster, cheaper, and efficient method to detect and subsequently prevent the spreading of multi-pathogen shrimp diseases.
{"title":"SIMULTANEOUS PATHOGEN DETECTION OF SHRIMP VIRUSES ON CULTURED TIGER SHRIMPS (Penaeus monodon) IN INDONESIA","authors":"I. Koesharyani, P. E. Sudaryatma, L. Gardenia, Y. Aryati, K. Mahardika, T. Mufidah","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.79-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.79-86","url":null,"abstract":"The multiple-pathogen infection causes severe economic impact to shrimp industry in Indonesia and worldwide due to mass mortality and multiple abnormalities of the survived infected shrimps. However, multiple-pathogen detection tools in shrimp diseases have not yet widely used. The purpose in this study was to develop and applied simultaneous detection system using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay from natural infections caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and monodon baculovirus (MBV) in Black tiger shrimp culture. To analyze multiple-pathogen infections in the shrimp, the study designed and used three pairs of specific primers targeting DNA virus from the shrimp diseases. All amplifications used a specific master mix for multiplex PCR assay and standardized extracted nucleic acid from the samples. This mPCR assay successfully amplified the DNA of three viruses in a single tube-run by multiplex PCR for each virus. Based on the results, the study confirms that multiple-pathogen infection contributes the highest mass mortality rather than from single infection by either WSSV, IHHNV or MBV. This study also confirms that the mPCR assay is a faster, cheaper, and efficient method to detect and subsequently prevent the spreading of multi-pathogen shrimp diseases.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46709995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.1-15
Noor Syazwani Omar, S. Emilia, M. Danish-Daniel, Shumpei Iehata, Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan
Quorum sensing (QS) is the interaction of bacteria cell-to-cell to regulate various bacterial functions, including bacterial virulence. It has been suggested that QS interruption is an anti-infective strategy to combat diseases in aquaculture. This research was conducted to isolate the potential probiotics bacteria as QS degrader from the fish gut and investigate its efficiency in reducing Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenicity by in vitro and in vivo assay. In this study, three isolates from the fish gut were able to degrade N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), one of the QS signals of A. hydrophila. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, isolate CPi12 was identified as Klebsiella sp., CBa5 and CBa7 were identified as Enterobacter tabaci. These isolates were co-cultured with A.hydrophila for five days. Results revealed that all isolates could decrease the AHL production of A. hydrophila but did not affect the growth of the pathogen. In vivo assay results showed that isolate CPi12 reduced the pathogenicity of A.hydrophila against tilapia with a significantly higher survival rate (p<0.05) of fish in the CPi12-fed group than the control group. Meanwhile, isolate CBa7 was significant (p<0.05) for growth performance, including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mean weight gain (MWG), and average daily growth (ADG) among whole treatment and control group. These results displayed that the probiotics bacteria as QS degrader isolated from the fish gut could control the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila. It has been proposed that QS degrader bacteria might be an alternative solution for disease control.
{"title":"PROBIOTICS BACTERIA AS QUORUM SENSING DEGRADER CONTROL Aeromonas hydrophila PATHOGENICITY IN CULTURED RED HYBRID TILAPIA","authors":"Noor Syazwani Omar, S. Emilia, M. Danish-Daniel, Shumpei Iehata, Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan","doi":"10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.1-15","url":null,"abstract":"Quorum sensing (QS) is the interaction of bacteria cell-to-cell to regulate various bacterial functions, including bacterial virulence. It has been suggested that QS interruption is an anti-infective strategy to combat diseases in aquaculture. This research was conducted to isolate the potential probiotics bacteria as QS degrader from the fish gut and investigate its efficiency in reducing Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenicity by in vitro and in vivo assay. In this study, three isolates from the fish gut were able to degrade N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), one of the QS signals of A. hydrophila. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, isolate CPi12 was identified as Klebsiella sp., CBa5 and CBa7 were identified as Enterobacter tabaci. These isolates were co-cultured with A.hydrophila for five days. Results revealed that all isolates could decrease the AHL production of A. hydrophila but did not affect the growth of the pathogen. In vivo assay results showed that isolate CPi12 reduced the pathogenicity of A.hydrophila against tilapia with a significantly higher survival rate (p<0.05) of fish in the CPi12-fed group than the control group. Meanwhile, isolate CBa7 was significant (p<0.05) for growth performance, including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mean weight gain (MWG), and average daily growth (ADG) among whole treatment and control group. These results displayed that the probiotics bacteria as QS degrader isolated from the fish gut could control the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila. It has been proposed that QS degrader bacteria might be an alternative solution for disease control.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Shahzad Kuli Khan, K. Salin, A. Yakupitiyage, T. Tsusaka, L. T. Nguyen, M. Siddique
Severe cannibalism can result in a significant loss of productivity during the nursery phase of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The present study aimed to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan on growth, feed utilization, cannibalism, survival, and muscle proximate composition of Asian seabass juveniles (initial size, 2.77 ± 0.04 cm in length and 0.29 ± 0.01 g in weight) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) at different stocking densities. The tryptophan levels were set at 0.41% (control diet, standard dosage for normal growth and survival of Asian seabass), 1.00% (Diet 1), and 1.50% (Diet 2), while the stocking densities were set at 0.5 ind./L and 1.5 ind./L. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with L-tryptophan (TRP) and fish stocking density had a significant effect on fish growth parameters, feed utilization, cannibalism, survival, and muscle lipid content (p < 0.05) over the 45-day trial. The maximum length, weight, WG, and SGR were 11.64 ± 0.35 cm, 22.93 ± 2.67 g, 22.64 ± 2.67 g, and 9.63 ± 0.27%, respectively, in the fish fed Diet 2, and 11.35 ± 0.22 cm, 24.38 ± 1.28 g, 24.09 ± 1.28 g, and 9.82 ± 0.11% at a 1.5 ind./L stocking density. The lower FCR (0.81 ± 0.04) and higher PER (2.98 ± 0.16) ensured better utilization of Diet 1 than the other diets. Moreover, significant interaction effects between diet and stocking density were observed in total yield, cannibalism, and survival of the Asian seabass. Significantly higher survival rates of 76.11 ± 3.90% in the Diet 1 group and 76.28 ± 2.88% in 0.5 ind./L stocking density were obtained, which is promising. The study concludes that dietary supplementation with 1.00% TRP was effective in reducing cannibalism and increasing the survival of the Asian seabass nursery reared in RAS at a lower stocking density (i.e., 0.5 ind./L), whereas 1.50% supplemental TRP at a higher stocking density (i.e., 1.5 ind./L) significantly increased the cannibalism and growth, which in turn reduced the survival rate.
{"title":"L-Tryptophan Mitigates Cannibalism and Improves Growth of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer Reared in a RAS System","authors":"Md. Shahzad Kuli Khan, K. Salin, A. Yakupitiyage, T. Tsusaka, L. T. Nguyen, M. Siddique","doi":"10.3390/aquacj3030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj3030014","url":null,"abstract":"Severe cannibalism can result in a significant loss of productivity during the nursery phase of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The present study aimed to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan on growth, feed utilization, cannibalism, survival, and muscle proximate composition of Asian seabass juveniles (initial size, 2.77 ± 0.04 cm in length and 0.29 ± 0.01 g in weight) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) at different stocking densities. The tryptophan levels were set at 0.41% (control diet, standard dosage for normal growth and survival of Asian seabass), 1.00% (Diet 1), and 1.50% (Diet 2), while the stocking densities were set at 0.5 ind./L and 1.5 ind./L. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with L-tryptophan (TRP) and fish stocking density had a significant effect on fish growth parameters, feed utilization, cannibalism, survival, and muscle lipid content (p < 0.05) over the 45-day trial. The maximum length, weight, WG, and SGR were 11.64 ± 0.35 cm, 22.93 ± 2.67 g, 22.64 ± 2.67 g, and 9.63 ± 0.27%, respectively, in the fish fed Diet 2, and 11.35 ± 0.22 cm, 24.38 ± 1.28 g, 24.09 ± 1.28 g, and 9.82 ± 0.11% at a 1.5 ind./L stocking density. The lower FCR (0.81 ± 0.04) and higher PER (2.98 ± 0.16) ensured better utilization of Diet 1 than the other diets. Moreover, significant interaction effects between diet and stocking density were observed in total yield, cannibalism, and survival of the Asian seabass. Significantly higher survival rates of 76.11 ± 3.90% in the Diet 1 group and 76.28 ± 2.88% in 0.5 ind./L stocking density were obtained, which is promising. The study concludes that dietary supplementation with 1.00% TRP was effective in reducing cannibalism and increasing the survival of the Asian seabass nursery reared in RAS at a lower stocking density (i.e., 0.5 ind./L), whereas 1.50% supplemental TRP at a higher stocking density (i.e., 1.5 ind./L) significantly increased the cannibalism and growth, which in turn reduced the survival rate.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78822608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Symsagittifera roscoffensis is an intertidal Acoel flatworm that forms a symbiotic relationship with the alga Tetraselmis convolutae. Members of the genus Tetraselmis are known to have a high nutritional value and have been widely used to enrich intermediate prey for fish within the aquaculture industry; therefore, S. roscoffensis could be a good candidate as a trophic shortcut to deliver algal nutrition to fish. In this study, we investigated the likelihood of five ornamental tropical freshwater and six ornamental marine fishes to consume this worm, either as live feed or in freeze-dried form. We also tested the ability of S. roscoffensis to form a symbiotic relationship with alternative algal species, analysing the nutritional profile of S. roscoffensis when grown in different media. All the experimental fish consumed live worms to some degree, with the exception of one species (Meiacanthus grammistes); the response time to the worms ranged from 1.1–68.6 s for freshwater ornamental species to 1–24 s for marine ornamental species, and in most cases, this was comparable to or shorter than their response time to the reference diet Artemia. The fishes showed no negative effects after consuming the worms. We obtained similar results with freeze-dried worms in terms of the number of worms eaten, response time, and feeding time. Symsagittifera roscoffensis was able to form a symbiotic relationship with all the tested algal species of the genus Tetraselmis, but not with members of other genera. Worms grown in nutrient media (f/2 and f/4) had significantly higher contents of protein, pigments, and total and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n − 3) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n − 3), than those grown in seawater. These results show that S. roscoffensis was acceptable to many ornamental fish species, delivering key algal ingredients that are beneficial to fish health; hence, it is a promising alternative to conventional fish feeds for the ornamental pet trade.
{"title":"Prospecting the Photosynthetic Flatworm Symsagittifera roscoffensis as a Novel Fish-Feed","authors":"N. Thomas, K. Tang, C. Coates","doi":"10.3390/aquacj3020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj3020013","url":null,"abstract":"Symsagittifera roscoffensis is an intertidal Acoel flatworm that forms a symbiotic relationship with the alga Tetraselmis convolutae. Members of the genus Tetraselmis are known to have a high nutritional value and have been widely used to enrich intermediate prey for fish within the aquaculture industry; therefore, S. roscoffensis could be a good candidate as a trophic shortcut to deliver algal nutrition to fish. In this study, we investigated the likelihood of five ornamental tropical freshwater and six ornamental marine fishes to consume this worm, either as live feed or in freeze-dried form. We also tested the ability of S. roscoffensis to form a symbiotic relationship with alternative algal species, analysing the nutritional profile of S. roscoffensis when grown in different media. All the experimental fish consumed live worms to some degree, with the exception of one species (Meiacanthus grammistes); the response time to the worms ranged from 1.1–68.6 s for freshwater ornamental species to 1–24 s for marine ornamental species, and in most cases, this was comparable to or shorter than their response time to the reference diet Artemia. The fishes showed no negative effects after consuming the worms. We obtained similar results with freeze-dried worms in terms of the number of worms eaten, response time, and feeding time. Symsagittifera roscoffensis was able to form a symbiotic relationship with all the tested algal species of the genus Tetraselmis, but not with members of other genera. Worms grown in nutrient media (f/2 and f/4) had significantly higher contents of protein, pigments, and total and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n − 3) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n − 3), than those grown in seawater. These results show that S. roscoffensis was acceptable to many ornamental fish species, delivering key algal ingredients that are beneficial to fish health; hence, it is a promising alternative to conventional fish feeds for the ornamental pet trade.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72976482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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