Pub Date : 2009-05-05DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024935
N. Simpson, P. Hancock
A large-scale emergency response relies on a single decision-maker, the Incident Commander, to spontaneously allocate resources that change continuously in both availability and status, to control and resolve an equally dynamic incident. This exploratory study examines the general form of the Incident Commander's problem, the design and management of a highly temporary organisation deploying resources against a unique and evolving problem. Table-top simulation, long established in the training of decision-makers, is introduced here as a research tool to observe and record the evolution of one such emergency operation. Data from a particular table-top simulation is used in a novel application of social network analysis, which shows great promise in the further study of emergency response. This simulation likewise provided the opportunity to compare two different methodologies of decision support for emergency response, yielding some highly counter-intuitive observations.
{"title":"The incident commander's problem: resource allocation in the context of emergency response","authors":"N. Simpson, P. Hancock","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024935","url":null,"abstract":"A large-scale emergency response relies on a single decision-maker, the Incident Commander, to spontaneously allocate resources that change continuously in both availability and status, to control and resolve an equally dynamic incident. This exploratory study examines the general form of the Incident Commander's problem, the design and management of a highly temporary organisation deploying resources against a unique and evolving problem. Table-top simulation, long established in the training of decision-makers, is introduced here as a research tool to observe and record the evolution of one such emergency operation. Data from a particular table-top simulation is used in a novel application of social network analysis, which shows great promise in the further study of emergency response. This simulation likewise provided the opportunity to compare two different methodologies of decision support for emergency response, yielding some highly counter-intuitive observations.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125294074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-05DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024940
Christopher W. Zobel, James R. Martin Ii, C. Guney Olgun
It is necessary to protect critical infrastructure and key resources from the effects of a disaster in order to maintain continuity of both public services and private enterprise. Since many of the critical resources are themselves privately owned and operated, however, they are often subject to the same market pressures that force businesses to concentrate on improving the efficiency of their operations at the possible expense of guarding against potential disruptions to those operations. Under these circumstances, the process of designing an effective (and acceptable) disaster mitigation plan for critical infrastructure resources requires a shared understanding of both the business aspects and the technical aspects of different mitigation alternatives. This paper examines the decision-making process behind such disaster mitigation planning from a services standpoint and discusses how taking such a viewpoint can provide a more effective approach to sustainable disaster risk reduction.
{"title":"Disaster risk management for critical infrastructure: a services-based viewpoint","authors":"Christopher W. Zobel, James R. Martin Ii, C. Guney Olgun","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024940","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to protect critical infrastructure and key resources from the effects of a disaster in order to maintain continuity of both public services and private enterprise. Since many of the critical resources are themselves privately owned and operated, however, they are often subject to the same market pressures that force businesses to concentrate on improving the efficiency of their operations at the possible expense of guarding against potential disruptions to those operations. Under these circumstances, the process of designing an effective (and acceptable) disaster mitigation plan for critical infrastructure resources requires a shared understanding of both the business aspects and the technical aspects of different mitigation alternatives. This paper examines the decision-making process behind such disaster mitigation planning from a services standpoint and discusses how taking such a viewpoint can provide a more effective approach to sustainable disaster risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114432443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-05DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024937
N. Altay, Sameer Prasad, J. Sounderpandian
Management of disaster relief logistics requires different techniques at different levels. We identify four stages: 1 strategic planning which concerns high level decisions such as supplier selection and confirmation of communication protocols 2 preparedness which concerns decisions regarding the amount and location of relief supplies to be stored 3 pre-event response which concerns decisions during those occasions when an approaching disaster, such as a hurricane, has been detected 4 post-event response which concerns what needs to be done immediately after a disaster has occurred. In this article, we concentrate on the strategic planning stage and build an integrated logistics model based on elements of supply chain management theory. This model provides specific recommendations to practitioners and identifies important areas to be researched. We also point out the applicable techniques at each of the other stages and cite relevant literature.
{"title":"Strategic planning for disaster relief logistics: lessons from supply chain management","authors":"N. Altay, Sameer Prasad, J. Sounderpandian","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024937","url":null,"abstract":"Management of disaster relief logistics requires different techniques at different levels. We identify four stages: 1 strategic planning which concerns high level decisions such as supplier selection and confirmation of communication protocols 2 preparedness which concerns decisions regarding the amount and location of relief supplies to be stored 3 pre-event response which concerns decisions during those occasions when an approaching disaster, such as a hurricane, has been detected 4 post-event response which concerns what needs to be done immediately after a disaster has occurred. In this article, we concentrate on the strategic planning stage and build an integrated logistics model based on elements of supply chain management theory. This model provides specific recommendations to practitioners and identifies important areas to be researched. We also point out the applicable techniques at each of the other stages and cite relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115687643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-05DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024941
J. Ablanedo-Rosas, Hongman Gao, B. Alidaee, Wenyuan Teng
Natural disasters affect countries and cities without economic, political or social considerations. National and local governments strive with preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery efforts. State authorities in Hidalgo, Mexico are dealing with stages of disaster management. They are working on a project to allocate emergency/recovery centres throughout the state in such a way that all municipalities are within 55 kilometres of the closest centre. The problem is modelled and solved as a covering problem; during the analysis different features are added including population, state economy participation, physicians' availability and kilometres of roads. The results of this paper may provide opportunities to alleviate governmental concerns and to give relief to natural disaster victims.
{"title":"Allocation of emergency and recovery centres in Hidalgo, Mexico","authors":"J. Ablanedo-Rosas, Hongman Gao, B. Alidaee, Wenyuan Teng","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024941","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters affect countries and cities without economic, political or social considerations. National and local governments strive with preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery efforts. State authorities in Hidalgo, Mexico are dealing with stages of disaster management. They are working on a project to allocate emergency/recovery centres throughout the state in such a way that all municipalities are within 55 kilometres of the closest centre. The problem is modelled and solved as a covering problem; during the analysis different features are added including population, state economy participation, physicians' availability and kilometres of roads. The results of this paper may provide opportunities to alleviate governmental concerns and to give relief to natural disaster victims.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129916325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-05DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024939
Qing Wang, Lili Rong
In complex and changing emergency situations, decision-makers need to obtain sufficient information and knowledge to make effective decisions. After analysing the characteristics of emergency knowledge management, we characterise knowledge management in emergency responses as quotation, manufacture, management and supply of a special product – emergency knowledge product. This paper presents a new product-based knowledge model that includes the agile knowledge supply chain, the emergency knowledge flow management and EKP production. This model aims at achieving agility and effective responses in emergency knowledge acquisition.
{"title":"A product-based emergency knowledge management model","authors":"Qing Wang, Lili Rong","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2009.024939","url":null,"abstract":"In complex and changing emergency situations, decision-makers need to obtain sufficient information and knowledge to make effective decisions. After analysing the characteristics of emergency knowledge management, we characterise knowledge management in emergency responses as quotation, manufacture, management and supply of a special product – emergency knowledge product. This paper presents a new product-based knowledge model that includes the agile knowledge supply chain, the emergency knowledge flow management and EKP production. This model aims at achieving agility and effective responses in emergency knowledge acquisition.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131181785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021769
S. Chung, S. Davalos, Joseph Byung Chul An, Katsumi Iwahara
In this paper, a Service-Oriented Software Reengineering (SOSR) methodology is proposed for reengineering a legacy system into a service-oriented system. Although Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) enables a software developer to design loosely coupled software components and integrate them with other software systems, most components in a legacy system were not developed as services. The SOSR methodology is based on a set of best practices that are architecture-centric, service-oriented, role-specific and model-driven. The SOSR methodology is demonstrated by the modernisation of two different legacy systems – a Business-to-Business (B2B) system and the other is a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) System. The resulting service-oriented systems and the evaluation of the methodology in terms of non-functional system requirements such as interoperability, etc. show that this methodology can be used by software developers and system integrators to reengineer tightly coupled legacy information systems into the loosely coupled, agile, service-oriented information systems.
{"title":"Legacy to web migration: service-oriented software reengineering methodology","authors":"S. Chung, S. Davalos, Joseph Byung Chul An, Katsumi Iwahara","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021769","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Service-Oriented Software Reengineering (SOSR) methodology is proposed for reengineering a legacy system into a service-oriented system. Although Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) enables a software developer to design loosely coupled software components and integrate them with other software systems, most components in a legacy system were not developed as services. The SOSR methodology is based on a set of best practices that are architecture-centric, service-oriented, role-specific and model-driven. The SOSR methodology is demonstrated by the modernisation of two different legacy systems – a Business-to-Business (B2B) system and the other is a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) System. The resulting service-oriented systems and the evaluation of the methodology in terms of non-functional system requirements such as interoperability, etc. show that this methodology can be used by software developers and system integrators to reengineer tightly coupled legacy information systems into the loosely coupled, agile, service-oriented information systems.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021765
W. Hackenbroch, Matthias Henneberger
Financial risk/return management requires high computational capabilities. It therefore seems to be a suitable application domain for service-oriented computing based on grid technologies. Due to on-demand access to a high amount of computational resources, calculations can be accelerated and resources can be used in a more flexible way than before. In this paper we describe the potential of service-oriented computing for risk/return management and propose a model to quantify the economic value of faster calculations.With our model it becomes possible to determine the computing capacity that should be allocated to corresponding services depending on current market parameters. We demonstrate this approach in a case study.
{"title":"Evaluating the benefits of service-oriented computing for risk/return management","authors":"W. Hackenbroch, Matthias Henneberger","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021765","url":null,"abstract":"Financial risk/return management requires high computational capabilities. It therefore seems to be a suitable application domain for service-oriented computing based on grid technologies. Due to on-demand access to a high amount of computational resources, calculations can be accelerated and resources can be used in a more flexible way than before. In this paper we describe the potential of service-oriented computing for risk/return management and propose a model to quantify the economic value of faster calculations.With our model it becomes possible to determine the computing capacity that should be allocated to corresponding services depending on current market parameters. We demonstrate this approach in a case study.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126357624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021767
S. Lamparter, Stefan Luckner, Sibylle Mutschler
Service-oriented computing as a concept for providing interoperability and flexibility within heterogeneous environments has gained much attention within the last few years. Dynamically integrating external web services into enterprise applications requires automatic contracting between service requestors and providers and automatic contract monitoring. This paper suggests a semi-automatic approach since in the current legal environment full automation is not feasible. We elaborate on the content of web service contracts from a legal perspective and derive a set of legal requirements. Based on these requirements we propose an ontology-based representation of contract clauses as well as monitoring information. We can thus automatically evaluate whether a service execution meets the requirements expressed in a contract.
{"title":"Semi-automated management of web service contracts","authors":"S. Lamparter, Stefan Luckner, Sibylle Mutschler","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021767","url":null,"abstract":"Service-oriented computing as a concept for providing interoperability and flexibility within heterogeneous environments has gained much attention within the last few years. Dynamically integrating external web services into enterprise applications requires automatic contracting between service requestors and providers and automatic contract monitoring. This paper suggests a semi-automatic approach since in the current legal environment full automation is not feasible. We elaborate on the content of web service contracts from a legal perspective and derive a set of legal requirements. Based on these requirements we propose an ontology-based representation of contract clauses as well as monitoring information. We can thus automatically evaluate whether a service execution meets the requirements expressed in a contract.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125739909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021768
Wei-Feng Tung, Soe-Tsyr Yuan
This paper begins with the presentation of a service classification with two dimensions – continuity of coproduction and mutual adaptability, which define the four-category service systems served as a new reference architecture of service system design. The purpose of iDesign is to propose semi-automated value coproduction and systematic service innovation through the system awareness of ecological symbiosis. Namely, this paper proposes a methodology for service system design based on the symbiosis concepts, and the four-category service systems are characterised by the benefit-exchange properties of symbiosis (among the interactions and relationships between providers and customers during value coproduction). Meanwhile, this paper outlines a service performance evaluation model (in consideration of service productivity and customer satisfaction) and subsequently specifies the goal performance criteria as required for the four-category service systems. Finally, three artwork design service systems are used to exemplify the ideas behind the methodology of symbiosis-based service system design.
{"title":"iDesign: intelligent design for service innovation underlying symbiosis","authors":"Wei-Feng Tung, Soe-Tsyr Yuan","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021768","url":null,"abstract":"This paper begins with the presentation of a service classification with two dimensions – continuity of coproduction and mutual adaptability, which define the four-category service systems served as a new reference architecture of service system design. The purpose of iDesign is to propose semi-automated value coproduction and systematic service innovation through the system awareness of ecological symbiosis. Namely, this paper proposes a methodology for service system design based on the symbiosis concepts, and the four-category service systems are characterised by the benefit-exchange properties of symbiosis (among the interactions and relationships between providers and customers during value coproduction). Meanwhile, this paper outlines a service performance evaluation model (in consideration of service productivity and customer satisfaction) and subsequently specifies the goal performance criteria as required for the four-category service systems. Finally, three artwork design service systems are used to exemplify the ideas behind the methodology of symbiosis-based service system design.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116959636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021763
Joachim Schelp, R. Winter
The ever growing complexity of Information System (IS) landscapes is a transparency and simplification challenge by its own. When business requirements frequently change or when technical innovations are frequently implemented, IS agility has to be aimed at in addition to transparency and simplicity. Service orientation claims to support agility. An integrated methodology to service construction is needed which is based on an appropriate Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework, and which reflects the different life cycles on the various architectural layers. As a contribution towards service construction methodology, this paper compares Enterprise Service (ES) construction with the construction of conventional business applications in order to assess the (re)usability of business application construction techniques for ES construction. Based on an analysis of traditional business application design techniques, hypotheses for the design of ESs are developed. Five case studies are presented and analysed which represent ES design practices in large companies with heterogeneous IS landscapes. On the one hand, there is evidence that ESs are designed along the same guidelines which proved useful for traditional application development. On the other hand, there are indicators that the specific properties of ESs lead to adjusted design guidelines.
{"title":"Business application design and enterprise service design: a comparison","authors":"Joachim Schelp, R. Winter","doi":"10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.021763","url":null,"abstract":"The ever growing complexity of Information System (IS) landscapes is a transparency and simplification challenge by its own. When business requirements frequently change or when technical innovations are frequently implemented, IS agility has to be aimed at in addition to transparency and simplicity. Service orientation claims to support agility. An integrated methodology to service construction is needed which is based on an appropriate Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework, and which reflects the different life cycles on the various architectural layers. As a contribution towards service construction methodology, this paper compares Enterprise Service (ES) construction with the construction of conventional business applications in order to assess the (re)usability of business application construction techniques for ES construction. Based on an analysis of traditional business application design techniques, hypotheses for the design of ESs are developed. Five case studies are presented and analysed which represent ES design practices in large companies with heterogeneous IS landscapes. On the one hand, there is evidence that ESs are designed along the same guidelines which proved useful for traditional application development. On the other hand, there are indicators that the specific properties of ESs lead to adjusted design guidelines.","PeriodicalId":365774,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Services Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115123273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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