SUMMARY Concern regarding the health of female drug users and the well being of her children or fetus have prompted researchers and service providers to look for effective treatment strategies for this population. This study examined the differential effectiveness of providing residential treatment for drug using women and their children with residential treatment for women alone (with child housing and care provided elsewhere). Results of the study indicated that the women who were assigned to have their children live with them in treatment reported better outcomes six months after discharge from the program compared to those who did not have their children with them in treatment. A greater percentage of the women who had their children live with them reported abstaining from alcohol and drugs, being employed, having custody of their children, not being arrested or incarcerated and being involved in aftercare or support groups. Implications of the research findings are discussed.
{"title":"Residential treatment for drug addicted women and their children: Effective treatment strategies","authors":"S. Stevens, T. Patton","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_14","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Concern regarding the health of female drug users and the well being of her children or fetus have prompted researchers and service providers to look for effective treatment strategies for this population. This study examined the differential effectiveness of providing residential treatment for drug using women and their children with residential treatment for women alone (with child housing and care provided elsewhere). Results of the study indicated that the women who were assigned to have their children live with them in treatment reported better outcomes six months after discharge from the program compared to those who did not have their children with them in treatment. A greater percentage of the women who had their children live with them reported abstaining from alcohol and drugs, being employed, having custody of their children, not being arrested or incarcerated and being involved in aftercare or support groups. Implications of the research findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128931966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bridget S. Murphy, S. Stevens, R. A. McGrath, H. Wexler, Deborah Reardon
SUMMARY The incidents of violence involving women and the use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) among women has increased at an alarming rate. In spite of this, little research has been conducted on the role (i.e., perpetrator vs. victim) that drug using women assume in different episodes and/or settings of violence, and with whom these violent encounters occur. This study describes the self reported life experience of violent encounters of 98 women enrolled in a residential drug treatment center in Tucson, Arizona. Results of the study indicate that many of the women were both the perpetrators and victims of violence. Additionally, the results indicate that aggressive acts from or against others may, in part, be related to the amount of power or control that women had in the relationship as well as the setting in which the violence occurred.
{"title":"Women and violence: A different look","authors":"Bridget S. Murphy, S. Stevens, R. A. McGrath, H. Wexler, Deborah Reardon","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_08","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The incidents of violence involving women and the use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) among women has increased at an alarming rate. In spite of this, little research has been conducted on the role (i.e., perpetrator vs. victim) that drug using women assume in different episodes and/or settings of violence, and with whom these violent encounters occur. This study describes the self reported life experience of violent encounters of 98 women enrolled in a residential drug treatment center in Tucson, Arizona. Results of the study indicate that many of the women were both the perpetrators and victims of violence. Additionally, the results indicate that aggressive acts from or against others may, in part, be related to the amount of power or control that women had in the relationship as well as the setting in which the violence occurred.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126459496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Comerford, D. Chitwood, K. McElrath, John Taylor
SUMMARY The reproductive histories of women who use drugs have received little attention in spite of risks associated with drug use during pregnancy and the high risk settings in which children of drug users are raised. This study describes the epidemiology of pregnancy and related drug use among African-American and White women injection drug users. Almost all of the study sample had been pregnant and most used drugs during pregnancy. Treatment programs should provide multifaceted interventions that include family planning, prenatal care, and parenting skills to reduce the negative effects of drug use on mothers and children in this population.
{"title":"Pregnancy Among Women with a History of Injection Drug Use","authors":"M. Comerford, D. Chitwood, K. McElrath, John Taylor","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_11","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The reproductive histories of women who use drugs have received little attention in spite of risks associated with drug use during pregnancy and the high risk settings in which children of drug users are raised. This study describes the epidemiology of pregnancy and related drug use among African-American and White women injection drug users. Almost all of the study sample had been pregnant and most used drugs during pregnancy. Treatment programs should provide multifaceted interventions that include family planning, prenatal care, and parenting skills to reduce the negative effects of drug use on mothers and children in this population.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Weir, M. Stark, D. Fleming, Haiou He, H. Tesselaar
SUMMARY Objective: Health risks associated with prenatal drug use can be effectively reduced through targeted medical and counseling services. However, the delivery of these services depends on the providers knowing which women are using drugs. The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine factors associated with substance using women revealing their drug use to their prenatal providers. Methods: The study subjects were injection drug users (IDUs) or crack users, recruited in Portland, OR., from 3/92 to 12/95, as part of a National Institute on Drug Abuse-sponsored HIV risk reduction project. Women were eligible if during their last pregnancy they: (1) used cocaine, methamphetamines, or heroin; (2) had at least one prenatal visit; and (3) did not have an induced abortion. Of the 97 women meeting these criteria, the mean age at their last pregnancy was 28 years (range 19–42); 45% were White and 44% were African American; 32% had less than a high school education; and 50% had their last pregnancy ...
{"title":"Revealing drug use to prenatal providers: Who tells or who is asked?","authors":"B. Weir, M. Stark, D. Fleming, Haiou He, H. Tesselaar","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_10","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Objective: Health risks associated with prenatal drug use can be effectively reduced through targeted medical and counseling services. However, the delivery of these services depends on the providers knowing which women are using drugs. The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine factors associated with substance using women revealing their drug use to their prenatal providers. Methods: The study subjects were injection drug users (IDUs) or crack users, recruited in Portland, OR., from 3/92 to 12/95, as part of a National Institute on Drug Abuse-sponsored HIV risk reduction project. Women were eligible if during their last pregnancy they: (1) used cocaine, methamphetamines, or heroin; (2) had at least one prenatal visit; and (3) did not have an induced abortion. Of the 97 women meeting these criteria, the mean age at their last pregnancy was 28 years (range 19–42); 45% were White and 44% were African American; 32% had less than a high school education; and 50% had their last pregnancy ...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY. Treatment outcomes are reported for a therapeutic community for women which provided substance abuse treatment. The 83 residents had a mean age of 28.3 years. Overall, the women had long histories of substance abuse and criminal activity, and high levels of psychological disturbance. Their main drug of choice was cocaine and crack. Differences between women with and without children during treatment were examined. Women without their children were older, more often white, had more severe drug and crime histories, showed more signs of psychological disturbance, and were more likely to use sedative type drugs. Major 6 and 12 month post treatment improvements included increases in employment and decreases in criminality, substance abuse, and psychological -disturbance. Women who remained over 3 months in treatment were significantly more likely to be employed and less likely to commit crimes or use drugs at 6 and 12 months post treatment. Remaining in treatment was also related to decreases in psychopathology.
{"title":"Residential Treatment for Women: Behavioral and Psychological Outcomes","authors":"H. Wexler, M. Cuadrado, S. Stevens","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_13","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY. Treatment outcomes are reported for a therapeutic community for women which provided substance abuse treatment. The 83 residents had a mean age of 28.3 years. Overall, the women had long histories of substance abuse and criminal activity, and high levels of psychological disturbance. Their main drug of choice was cocaine and crack. Differences between women with and without children during treatment were examined. Women without their children were older, more often white, had more severe drug and crime histories, showed more signs of psychological disturbance, and were more likely to use sedative type drugs. Major 6 and 12 month post treatment improvements included increases in employment and decreases in criminality, substance abuse, and psychological -disturbance. Women who remained over 3 months in treatment were significantly more likely to be employed and less likely to commit crimes or use drugs at 6 and 12 months post treatment. Remaining in treatment was also related to decreases in psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"129 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126617511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Experience and research have affirmed that treatment works for drug-involved offenders. Nonetheless, adapting these treatment models for drug-involved women offenders remains a challenge. One treatment modality, the therapeutic community (TC), has proven effective for women. This article discusses the adaptations necessary to the TC model to make it appropriate and effective for drug-involved women. Several themes are discussed including the staffing structure, staff-client interactions, the safety of the treatment environment, characteristics of the residential community, programming, and the treatment program's relationship with various social service agencies. In addition, the program elements specific to effective TCs for women in the criminal justice setting are also discussed. The experiences of developing, implementing and operating a specific TC for drug-involved female offenders provide examples of establishing an effective TC for women.
{"title":"Developing Comprehensive Prison-Based Therapeutic Community Treatment for Women","authors":"D. Lockwood, Jillian Ma, J. Inciardi","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_12","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Experience and research have affirmed that treatment works for drug-involved offenders. Nonetheless, adapting these treatment models for drug-involved women offenders remains a challenge. One treatment modality, the therapeutic community (TC), has proven effective for women. This article discusses the adaptations necessary to the TC model to make it appropriate and effective for drug-involved women. Several themes are discussed including the staffing structure, staff-client interactions, the safety of the treatment environment, characteristics of the residential community, programming, and the treatment program's relationship with various social service agencies. In addition, the program elements specific to effective TCs for women in the criminal justice setting are also discussed. The experiences of developing, implementing and operating a specific TC for drug-involved female offenders provide examples of establishing an effective TC for women.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122117175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Women substance abusers, particularly those who are injecting drug users, are at high risk for HIV infection. It has been demonstrated that injecting drug users found out of drug treatment settings show different patterns of drug use and HIV risk than those who enter treatment. Previous studies, however, have not indicated the extent to which women injectors in and out of treatment exhibit these same differences. This study examines data from two studies sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse to determine similarities and differences between women encountered by outreach efforts in four cities and those entering methadone treatment programs in the same cities. The results indicate significant differences in race, drugs used (both injecting and non-injecting), injecting risk behavior, and treatment history. However, the two groups of women shared similar histories of first injecting use and sexual risk. Women who entered methadone treatment reported higher frequencies of injecting drug u...
{"title":"Differences Found Between Women Injectors In and Out of Treatment: Implications for Interventions","authors":"W. Wechsberg, Elizabeth R. Cavanaugh Ba","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_04","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Women substance abusers, particularly those who are injecting drug users, are at high risk for HIV infection. It has been demonstrated that injecting drug users found out of drug treatment settings show different patterns of drug use and HIV risk than those who enter treatment. Previous studies, however, have not indicated the extent to which women injectors in and out of treatment exhibit these same differences. This study examines data from two studies sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse to determine similarities and differences between women encountered by outreach efforts in four cities and those entering methadone treatment programs in the same cities. The results indicate significant differences in race, drugs used (both injecting and non-injecting), injecting risk behavior, and treatment history. However, the two groups of women shared similar histories of first injecting use and sexual risk. Women who entered methadone treatment reported higher frequencies of injecting drug u...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132696399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henrick Harwood Ba, Douglas L. Fountain Mpa, Share Ma, D. Gerstein, Robert Johnson Ms
SUMMARY Gender differences in substance abuse treatment have been a topic of increasing importance for over 10 years. This study analyzes the publicly-supported California treatment system using a representative sample of 1825 clients from five modalities. An economic framework is used to compare outcomes of women and men, concluding that: (1) on average, treatment of women is strongly cost-beneficial, but (2) cost-benefit ratios are materially lower among women compared with men in some modalities. In the year before treatment, women imposed less economic burden than men, mostly due to less criminal involvement. Women were somewhat more likely to be seen in outpatient settings than in 24 hour care settings (residential and social model programs) and had significantly longer lengths of stay in non-methadone outpatient treatment but only modestly different lengths of stay in other types of treatment. Economic savings from the treatment of men and women are four to twelve times greater than the cost of trea...
{"title":"Gender Differences in the Economic Impacts of Clients Before, During and After Substance Abuse Treatment","authors":"Henrick Harwood Ba, Douglas L. Fountain Mpa, Share Ma, D. Gerstein, Robert Johnson Ms","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_15","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Gender differences in substance abuse treatment have been a topic of increasing importance for over 10 years. This study analyzes the publicly-supported California treatment system using a representative sample of 1825 clients from five modalities. An economic framework is used to compare outcomes of women and men, concluding that: (1) on average, treatment of women is strongly cost-beneficial, but (2) cost-benefit ratios are materially lower among women compared with men in some modalities. In the year before treatment, women imposed less economic burden than men, mostly due to less criminal involvement. Women were somewhat more likely to be seen in outpatient settings than in 24 hour care settings (residential and social model programs) and had significantly longer lengths of stay in non-methadone outpatient treatment but only modestly different lengths of stay in other types of treatment. Economic savings from the treatment of men and women are four to twelve times greater than the cost of trea...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125924502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY The PROVIVA project (Projeto Venha Informar-sesobre o Virus da AIDS), funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and administered by the University of Miami School of Medicine, was established in 1993 for the purpose of developing and implementing a community-wide HIV/AIDS prevention effort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Recruitment began in mid-1994 and the specific target groups included cocaine-using women and men in Rio's favelas (shantytowns) and “red light” districts. Study participants were obtained through standard chain referral and targeted sampling techniques, and through May 31, 1997 over 1,500 were enrolled in the project. This analysis focuses on the first 339 women recruited. The women ranged in age from 18 to 62, with a median of 29 years. The majority were either black or multi-racial (morena, parda, mulata, cafe com leite, and other multi-racial designations), and almost all were of low socio-economic status. The HIV risk behaviors engaged in by these women during the 30-day peri...
{"title":"Drug Use and Risks for HIV/AIDS Among Indigent Women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"H. Surratt, J. Inciardi","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_01","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The PROVIVA project (Projeto Venha Informar-sesobre o Virus da AIDS), funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and administered by the University of Miami School of Medicine, was established in 1993 for the purpose of developing and implementing a community-wide HIV/AIDS prevention effort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Recruitment began in mid-1994 and the specific target groups included cocaine-using women and men in Rio's favelas (shantytowns) and “red light” districts. Study participants were obtained through standard chain referral and targeted sampling techniques, and through May 31, 1997 over 1,500 were enrolled in the project. This analysis focuses on the first 339 women recruited. The women ranged in age from 18 to 62, with a median of 29 years. The majority were either black or multi-racial (morena, parda, mulata, cafe com leite, and other multi-racial designations), and almost all were of low socio-economic status. The HIV risk behaviors engaged in by these women during the 30-day peri...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132449245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY With epidemiological trends indicating that Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the third leading cause of death among women ages 25 to 44 in the United States, it is becoming increasingly important to deal with the issue of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention for women. Recommendations for primary and secondary prevention strategies tailored to the needs of women have been formulated. Such calls have included the recommendation that prevention efforts be intensified in medical settings regularly frequented by women. One setting identified is that of gynecological and obstetric services where HIV risk assessment, testing, and counseling would be an excellent means of reaching a maximum number of women of child-bearing age. Despite calls by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for OB/ GYN service providers to engage in HIV prevention, research has shown that physicians remain reluctant to address the issue with patients. This study explored the likelihood of p...
{"title":"Physicians' Assessment of Drug Use and Other HIV Risk Behavior: Reports by Female Drug Users","authors":"C. Brems, D. Fisher, P. Queen","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_09","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY With epidemiological trends indicating that Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the third leading cause of death among women ages 25 to 44 in the United States, it is becoming increasingly important to deal with the issue of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention for women. Recommendations for primary and secondary prevention strategies tailored to the needs of women have been formulated. Such calls have included the recommendation that prevention efforts be intensified in medical settings regularly frequented by women. One setting identified is that of gynecological and obstetric services where HIV risk assessment, testing, and counseling would be an excellent means of reaching a maximum number of women of child-bearing age. Despite calls by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for OB/ GYN service providers to engage in HIV prevention, research has shown that physicians remain reluctant to address the issue with patients. This study explored the likelihood of p...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：