David M. Paschane Bs, H. Bs, A. Fenaughty, D. Fisher
SUMMARY This study developed separate models predicting risk for gonorrhea infection among female and male drug users in Anchorage Alaska. Data were collected with the Risk Behavior Assessment, a structured interview that was administered to 728 male and 321 female adult participants who were currently not in drug treatment. History of gonorrhea infection was self-reported and coded as ever or never. The risk factors for women are trading sex for money, being American Indian or Alaska Native, perceiving oneself as homeless, and trading sex for drugs. For men the risk factors are injecting or snorting cocaine, being Black, being older, acquiring illegal income excluding prostitution, and using amphetamines. Results are useful for guiding public health intervention and policy development in drug using populations in Alaska.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Gonorrhea Among Alaskan Drug Users","authors":"David M. Paschane Bs, H. Bs, A. Fenaughty, D. Fisher","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_07","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This study developed separate models predicting risk for gonorrhea infection among female and male drug users in Anchorage Alaska. Data were collected with the Risk Behavior Assessment, a structured interview that was administered to 728 male and 321 female adult participants who were currently not in drug treatment. History of gonorrhea infection was self-reported and coded as ever or never. The risk factors for women are trading sex for money, being American Indian or Alaska Native, perceiving oneself as homeless, and trading sex for drugs. For men the risk factors are injecting or snorting cocaine, being Black, being older, acquiring illegal income excluding prostitution, and using amphetamines. Results are useful for guiding public health intervention and policy development in drug using populations in Alaska.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123636982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Literature on gender differences among those entering substance abuse treatment is limited. Using data from intake interviews in a large multisite prospective clinical epidemiological study, this study provides the opportunity to explore gender differences with implications for treatment response. Comparisons are made not only between women and men but also between four different treatment modalities. Traditional gender differences were found with regard to age, education and employment. Although some drug use patterns were similar, men reported more alcohol use while women reported more daily use of cocaine. Women reported more problems related to health and mental health. In addition, women reported much greater proportions of past and current physical and sexual abuse. Women also reported greater concerns about issues related to children, although both women and men reported concern about drug treatment affecting custody of children.
{"title":"How Are Women Who Enter Substance Abuse Treatment Different Than Men?: A Gender Comparison from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","authors":"W. Wechsberg, S. Ms, R. Hubbard","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Literature on gender differences among those entering substance abuse treatment is limited. Using data from intake interviews in a large multisite prospective clinical epidemiological study, this study provides the opportunity to explore gender differences with implications for treatment response. Comparisons are made not only between women and men but also between four different treatment modalities. Traditional gender differences were found with regard to age, education and employment. Although some drug use patterns were similar, men reported more alcohol use while women reported more daily use of cocaine. Women reported more problems related to health and mental health. In addition, women reported much greater proportions of past and current physical and sexual abuse. Women also reported greater concerns about issues related to children, although both women and men reported concern about drug treatment affecting custody of children.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131000456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Weeks, M. Singer, D. Himmelgreen, Philp Ms, M. Grier, K. R. Ma
SUMMARY The social context of drug use defines women's experiences of addiction and their patterns of use. Gender relations and roles, ethnic identity, poverty, and local circumstances, including drug-related epidemics such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), constitute powerful social forces that create a unique set of risky conditions for women drug users. This paper presents findings from a community-based AIDS prevention research project for 1,022 out-of-treatment drug users recruited through street outreach and targeted sampling. Data from a baseline risk behavior assessment and in-depth interviews on contexts of women's drug use show different patterns of use when comparing women to men, and among women comparing African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Whites. Related differences in prevalence of HIV, STDs, and other consequences of drug use and addiction also are presented. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the development of drug...
{"title":"Drug Use Patterns of Substance Abusing Women: Gender and Ethnic Differences in an AIDS Prevention Program","authors":"M. Weeks, M. Singer, D. Himmelgreen, Philp Ms, M. Grier, K. R. Ma","doi":"10.1300/J023V13N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V13N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The social context of drug use defines women's experiences of addiction and their patterns of use. Gender relations and roles, ethnic identity, poverty, and local circumstances, including drug-related epidemics such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), constitute powerful social forces that create a unique set of risky conditions for women drug users. This paper presents findings from a community-based AIDS prevention research project for 1,022 out-of-treatment drug users recruited through street outreach and targeted sampling. Data from a baseline risk behavior assessment and in-depth interviews on contexts of women's drug use show different patterns of use when comparing women to men, and among women comparing African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Whites. Related differences in prevalence of HIV, STDs, and other consequences of drug use and addiction also are presented. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the development of drug...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125489765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY The goal of the Family Circles Program was the prevention or reduction of alcohol and drug abuse among American Indian High Risk Youth on the Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation through cultural enhancement of their family systems. The project was targeted toward families of high risk youth, ranging from four to eighteen years of age. A family systems approach was utilized involving the entire family, children, adolescents, parents, and grandparents. A culturally-oriented curriculum was developed which emphasized American Indian values, beliefs, and practices, relating them to contemporary life. Factors which positively impacted the implementation of the Family Circles Program included the development of interagency linkages, the retention of staff committed to the program philosophy, and the evolution of the project into a comprehensive and holistic system of services for the entire community.
家庭圈子方案的目标是通过加强家庭制度的文化，防止或减少Lac du Flambeau印第安保留区美国印第安高危青年酗酒和吸毒。该项目针对的是年龄从4岁到18岁的高危青少年家庭。采用了涉及整个家庭、儿童、青少年、父母和祖父母的家庭制度办法。一门以文化为导向的课程被开发出来，强调美国印第安人的价值观、信仰和习俗，并将它们与当代生活联系起来。对家庭圈子方案的实施产生积极影响的因素包括:机构间联系的发展，忠于方案理念的工作人员的保留，以及项目演变为为整个社区提供全面和整体服务的系统。
{"title":"Alcohol and Drug Prevention Among American Indian Families: The Family Circles Program","authors":"K. Ma, Glory A. Allen Aa, D. Moberg","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_05","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The goal of the Family Circles Program was the prevention or reduction of alcohol and drug abuse among American Indian High Risk Youth on the Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation through cultural enhancement of their family systems. The project was targeted toward families of high risk youth, ranging from four to eighteen years of age. A family systems approach was utilized involving the entire family, children, adolescents, parents, and grandparents. A culturally-oriented curriculum was developed which emphasized American Indian values, beliefs, and practices, relating them to contemporary life. Factors which positively impacted the implementation of the Family Circles Program included the development of interagency linkages, the retention of staff committed to the program philosophy, and the evolution of the project into a comprehensive and holistic system of services for the entire community.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134406290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation and Evaluation of Substance Abuse Prevention Programs in Culturally Diverse Communities: An Introduction","authors":"J. D. Jong, J. Valentine, Nancy J. Kennedy DrPH","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133664834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Girls Incorporated Friendly PEERsuasion is a leadership and substance abuse prevention program based on the social influence model. Girls in grades 6–8 considered to be at high risk for substance use were recruited in four geographically and ethnically diverse communities, with participants randomly assigned to Fall 1988 “treatment” and Spring 1989 “comparison” participation (delayed entry model). Outcomes of interest were avoiding any use of harmful substances and leaving situations in which peers were using harmful substances. At the Birmingham, Alabama program site, where the program was implemented almost exactly as designed, an evaluation using survival analysis techniques included 118 girls (47 treatment, 71 comparison). A second evaluation using logistic regression compared the behavior of 354 participants (152 treatment, 202 comparison) across all four sites. Friendly PEERsuasion proved moderately effective, particularly for the youngest participants (p < .10). Evaluation results and subse...
{"title":"Friendly PEERsuasionSM Against Substance Use: The Girls IncorporatedSM Model and Evaluation","authors":"Faedra Lazar Weiss Mahl, H. Nicholson","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Girls Incorporated Friendly PEERsuasion is a leadership and substance abuse prevention program based on the social influence model. Girls in grades 6–8 considered to be at high risk for substance use were recruited in four geographically and ethnically diverse communities, with participants randomly assigned to Fall 1988 “treatment” and Spring 1989 “comparison” participation (delayed entry model). Outcomes of interest were avoiding any use of harmful substances and leaving situations in which peers were using harmful substances. At the Birmingham, Alabama program site, where the program was implemented almost exactly as designed, an evaluation using survival analysis techniques included 118 girls (47 treatment, 71 comparison). A second evaluation using logistic regression compared the behavior of 354 participants (152 treatment, 202 comparison) across all four sites. Friendly PEERsuasion proved moderately effective, particularly for the youngest participants (p < .10). Evaluation results and subse...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130779699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Even though substance abuse prevention programs have been studied for more than two decades, outcome studies of programs focused on inner-city youth are rare. Communities with dense populations, low socio-economic conditions and a high degree of neighborhood disorganization are especially vulnerable to high rates of adolescent substance abuse. The goal of this study was to organize a coalition of neighborhood agencies to provide a comprehensive array of school and community-based prevention services to reduce substance use and gang involvement among inner-city Latino youth. An institutional cycles quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of this project. Participants were 651 pretest cohort students and 667 posttest cohort students attending grades 5–8 in two Chicago elementary schools. The cohorts were from 75–79 percent Latino and from 16–18 percent African American. Interim results supporting project goals showed that gang involvement was significantly lower among the po...
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Logan Square Prevention Project: Interim Results","authors":"M. Godley, Rick Velasquez","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_07","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Even though substance abuse prevention programs have been studied for more than two decades, outcome studies of programs focused on inner-city youth are rare. Communities with dense populations, low socio-economic conditions and a high degree of neighborhood disorganization are especially vulnerable to high rates of adolescent substance abuse. The goal of this study was to organize a coalition of neighborhood agencies to provide a comprehensive array of school and community-based prevention services to reduce substance use and gang involvement among inner-city Latino youth. An institutional cycles quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of this project. Participants were 651 pretest cohort students and 667 posttest cohort students attending grades 5–8 in two Chicago elementary schools. The cohorts were from 75–79 percent Latino and from 16–18 percent African American. Interim results supporting project goals showed that gang involvement was significantly lower among the po...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117169362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY The paper presents an overview of a multifamily based prevention program for at-risk youth, Family and Schools Together (FAST) and results of research conducted on program outcomes. Results are presented on three different phases of a research design, post, 6 month and 2 year follow ups. These data suggest that FAST is effective from pre- to post-participation in increasing both child functioning and family cohesion. The data suggest a strong correlation between the protective factors for strengthening and empowering families, parent involvement in their child's schooling, and reports of child functioning, suggesting that as the parent's involvement increases, their child's functioning also improves. Unanticipated outcomes of the current implementation of the FAST program included the generalization of increased parent self-esteem to greater empowerment in community activities and the discovery of a high level of effectiveness of FAST parent graduates as program facilitators.
{"title":"Impact of a Family and School Based Prevention Program on Protective Factors for High Risk Youth","authors":"Lynn Mcdonald, T. V. Sayger†","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The paper presents an overview of a multifamily based prevention program for at-risk youth, Family and Schools Together (FAST) and results of research conducted on program outcomes. Results are presented on three different phases of a research design, post, 6 month and 2 year follow ups. These data suggest that FAST is effective from pre- to post-participation in increasing both child functioning and family cohesion. The data suggest a strong correlation between the protective factors for strengthening and empowering families, parent involvement in their child's schooling, and reports of child functioning, suggesting that as the parent's involvement increases, their child's functioning also improves. Unanticipated outcomes of the current implementation of the FAST program included the generalization of increased parent self-esteem to greater empowerment in community activities and the discovery of a high level of effectiveness of FAST parent graduates as program facilitators.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129390717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Demonstration programs creatively and adaptively deal with environmental factors which place children at high risk for later development of substance abuse. This article focuses on an example of such a program, designed to build resiliency and protective factors within young at-risk Indian children in Oklahoma through helping them bond to supportive adults and to school. Preschool children enrolled at the Kickapoo Head Start Center were involved in school transition, school readiness, school attendance, and classroom-based prevention activities while attending the Head Start Center and after matriculation into local public schools. Additional early intervention was provided to children already experiencing school adjustment difficulties. Families and Head Start staff were involved in interventions designed to make home and school environments more supportive. The article identifies the problems constituting risk factors, details the culturally appropriate solutions generated and challenges met in ...
{"title":"The Nee-kon Project: Designing and Implementing Prevention Strategies for Young Native American Children","authors":"B. Med","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Demonstration programs creatively and adaptively deal with environmental factors which place children at high risk for later development of substance abuse. This article focuses on an example of such a program, designed to build resiliency and protective factors within young at-risk Indian children in Oklahoma through helping them bond to supportive adults and to school. Preschool children enrolled at the Kickapoo Head Start Center were involved in school transition, school readiness, school attendance, and classroom-based prevention activities while attending the Head Start Center and after matriculation into local public schools. Additional early intervention was provided to children already experiencing school adjustment difficulties. Families and Head Start staff were involved in interventions designed to make home and school environments more supportive. The article identifies the problems constituting risk factors, details the culturally appropriate solutions generated and challenges met in ...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133013628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Zane, B. Aoki, T. Ho, Lillian Huang, Michael Jang
SUMMARY In an effort to provide more responsive modalities to treat and prevent alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse in under-served communities, intervention programs with an ethnic-specific focus have developed. However, there has been few empirical studies that examine the types of changes associated with participation in these programs. The present study examined the outcome changes associated with participation in the Competence Through Transitions (CTT) program, a prevention intervention specifically designed to serve the diverse needs of Asian American youth from five different Asian ethnic communities. The study identified aspects of the intervention that were related to outcome changes in order to better understand what accounts for the culturally responsive nature of this program. CTT participants were more knowledgeable about drugs and about the negative influences of drugs after completing the program during the school year. Also, there was a significant increase in school-based social comfort f...
{"title":"Dosage-Related Changes in a Culturally-Responsive Prevention Program for Asian American Youth","authors":"N. Zane, B. Aoki, T. Ho, Lillian Huang, Michael Jang","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_08","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY In an effort to provide more responsive modalities to treat and prevent alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse in under-served communities, intervention programs with an ethnic-specific focus have developed. However, there has been few empirical studies that examine the types of changes associated with participation in these programs. The present study examined the outcome changes associated with participation in the Competence Through Transitions (CTT) program, a prevention intervention specifically designed to serve the diverse needs of Asian American youth from five different Asian ethnic communities. The study identified aspects of the intervention that were related to outcome changes in order to better understand what accounts for the culturally responsive nature of this program. CTT participants were more knowledgeable about drugs and about the negative influences of drugs after completing the program during the school year. Also, there was a significant increase in school-based social comfort f...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126614759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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