SUMMARY This article describes a work in progress. It reports on a prevention demonstration grant program which combined several complementary strategies: a school-based cultural curriculum, training of teachers, development of a leadership core group, and a community curriculum, in an effort to address the self-perception of personal and communal powerlessness of Native Americans, which places them at risk for drug and alcohol abuse. A student survey was used to examine substance use, school bonding and the relationship between cultural affiliation and substance use for the youth population. Two sets of outcome results, quantitative and qualitative, are reported and discussed in relation to the Freirian model of community empowerment.
{"title":"Prevention Through Empowerment in a Native American Community","authors":"Evans Ms, K. Ma, J. D. Jong","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_10","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article describes a work in progress. It reports on a prevention demonstration grant program which combined several complementary strategies: a school-based cultural curriculum, training of teachers, development of a leadership core group, and a community curriculum, in an effort to address the self-perception of personal and communal powerlessness of Native Americans, which places them at risk for drug and alcohol abuse. A student survey was used to examine substance use, school bonding and the relationship between cultural affiliation and substance use for the youth population. Two sets of outcome results, quantitative and qualitative, are reported and discussed in relation to the Freirian model of community empowerment.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125965972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Valentine, J. Griffith, Robinson Ms, B. Gottlieb, Stefano Keel Msw
SUMMARY Introduction. The Urban Youth Connection represents a model substance abuse prevention program implemented in an urban public middle school and high school serving predominantly Hispanic and African American students. The program provided counseling, mentoring and academic support. Findings from the evaluation are presented in this paper. Methods. A pre-test, post-test comparison group design estimated the impact of the program on ultimate outcomes of 30-day use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, and intermediate outcomes of risk behaviors, psychosocial well-being, and school involvement, as measured by self-administered questionnaires given each fall and spring from 1993–1996. A non-equivalent comparison group was drawn from non-participants at each school. The data analysis strategy relied on a multivariate model comparing ultimate and intermediate outcomes at follow-up among treatment and comparison students after adjustment for demographic, baseline risk differences, and program exposures di...
{"title":"Strengthening Causal Inference in Adolescent Drug Prevention Studies: Methods and Findings from a Controlled Study of the Urban Youth Connection Program","authors":"J. Valentine, J. Griffith, Robinson Ms, B. Gottlieb, Stefano Keel Msw","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_09","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Introduction. The Urban Youth Connection represents a model substance abuse prevention program implemented in an urban public middle school and high school serving predominantly Hispanic and African American students. The program provided counseling, mentoring and academic support. Findings from the evaluation are presented in this paper. Methods. A pre-test, post-test comparison group design estimated the impact of the program on ultimate outcomes of 30-day use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, and intermediate outcomes of risk behaviors, psychosocial well-being, and school involvement, as measured by self-administered questionnaires given each fall and spring from 1993–1996. A non-equivalent comparison group was drawn from non-participants at each school. The data analysis strategy relied on a multivariate model comparing ultimate and intermediate outcomes at follow-up among treatment and comparison students after adjustment for demographic, baseline risk differences, and program exposures di...","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130519929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Substance abuse prevention programs successfully implemented and shown to be effective through rigorous evaluation must be able to respond to participant needs and changing environments in order to sustain themselves. The Safe Haven Program for the Prevention of Substance Abuse, a family skills training program for African-American families, is presented as an example of a substance abuse prevention program which evolved over time while the goals of the program remained stable. The author presents the program in a series of evolutionary stages: Program Implementation; Process/Outcome Evaluation; Environmental Impacts; Cultural Specificity Evaluation; Cross-site Evaluation; and Future Development. The author emphasizes the need to respond to participant needs and changing environments to enhance sustainability and calls for flexible evaluation components to accommodate the dynamic nature of substance abuse prevention programs.
{"title":"Evolution of a Substance Abuse Prevention Program with Inner City African-American Families","authors":"Georgia B. Aktan","doi":"10.1300/J023V12N01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V12N01_04","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Substance abuse prevention programs successfully implemented and shown to be effective through rigorous evaluation must be able to respond to participant needs and changing environments in order to sustain themselves. The Safe Haven Program for the Prevention of Substance Abuse, a family skills training program for African-American families, is presented as an example of a substance abuse prevention program which evolved over time while the goals of the program remained stable. The author presents the program in a series of evolutionary stages: Program Implementation; Process/Outcome Evaluation; Environmental Impacts; Cultural Specificity Evaluation; Cross-site Evaluation; and Future Development. The author emphasizes the need to respond to participant needs and changing environments to enhance sustainability and calls for flexible evaluation components to accommodate the dynamic nature of substance abuse prevention programs.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132476510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Don Cahalan and alcohol policy issues An essay on issues in alcohol policy and the community prevention of alcohol problems seemed an appropriate contribution to a journal issue in honor of Don Cahalan. In the first place, during the years we worked together, Don taught me many things about myself; one of these was that my fundamental metier is as an essayist. In the second place, in the later phases of his career, Don himself turned increasingly to concerns with community prevention and with alcohol policy issues. As initiator of the evaluation of the California Prevention Demonstration program (Wallack and Barrows, 1982), Don led the way in applying a community trial design, loosely modeled on the Stanford Heart Disease project, in the alcohol field. After his retirement, Don came into his own as a writer on alcohol and drug policies, both in terms of their development in the United States and in terms of laying out public health approaches to their prevention (Cahalan, 1987; 1991). This essay is offered in the spirit of these concerns.
Don Cahalan和酒精政策问题一篇关于酒精政策问题和社区预防酒精问题的文章似乎是为纪念Don Cahalan的期刊发表的一篇合适的文章。首先，在我们一起工作的那些年里，唐教会了我很多关于我自己的事情;其中之一就是我的基本技能是随笔。其次，在他职业生涯的后期，唐自己越来越关注社区预防和酒精政策问题。作为加利福尼亚预防示范项目评估的发起者(Wallack和Barrows, 1982)， Don率先在酒精领域应用社区试验设计，该设计松散地模仿了斯坦福心脏病项目。退休后，唐成为了一名关于酒精和毒品政策的作家，无论是在美国的发展，还是在制定预防酒精和毒品的公共卫生方法方面(Cahalan, 1987;1991)。这篇文章就是本着这些关切的精神写的。
{"title":"Voluntary Organizations and the State in the Prevention of Alcohol Problems","authors":"R. Room","doi":"10.1300/J023V11N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V11N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"Don Cahalan and alcohol policy issues An essay on issues in alcohol policy and the community prevention of alcohol problems seemed an appropriate contribution to a journal issue in honor of Don Cahalan. In the first place, during the years we worked together, Don taught me many things about myself; one of these was that my fundamental metier is as an essayist. In the second place, in the later phases of his career, Don himself turned increasingly to concerns with community prevention and with alcohol policy issues. As initiator of the evaluation of the California Prevention Demonstration program (Wallack and Barrows, 1982), Don led the way in applying a community trial design, loosely modeled on the Stanford Heart Disease project, in the alcohol field. After his retirement, Don came into his own as a writer on alcohol and drug policies, both in terms of their development in the United States and in terms of laying out public health approaches to their prevention (Cahalan, 1987; 1991). This essay is offered in the spirit of these concerns.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122376908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Don Cahalan: A Biographical Sketch","authors":"E. Gomberg","doi":"10.1300/J023V11N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V11N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Alcohol Research","authors":"R. Straus","doi":"10.1300/J023V11N01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V11N01_04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124795298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last two decades our society has experienced a fundamental shift in its understanding of and response to alcohol problems. These developments occurred on several fronts: the formation of the anti-drunk driving movement; the government’s increased attention to prevention policy; the creation of various national coalitions of health, safety and consumer groups seeking governmental regulations of alcohol industry marketing practices; and increased attention among alcohol researchers to social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the incidence and severity of alcohol problems. Today, an intense political drama is occurring at all levels of governmentlocal, state and federalregarding alcohol policy. The alcohol industry and its allies are using their enormous financial resources and political clout to forestall the increasing pressure from citizen action groups, governmental agencies, and scholars for meaningful changes in the role of alcohol in our society. This essay examines the theoretical, philosophical and political underpinnings of these shifts in societal understanding of alcohol, alcohol problems, and alcohol policy. It first analyzes the shifts that occurred in alcohol research in the late 1960s and early 1970s,
{"title":"The Emergence of an Alcohol Policy Reform Agenda in the United States: A Don Cahalan Legacy","authors":"J. Mosher","doi":"10.1300/J023V11N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V11N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades our society has experienced a fundamental shift in its understanding of and response to alcohol problems. These developments occurred on several fronts: the formation of the anti-drunk driving movement; the government’s increased attention to prevention policy; the creation of various national coalitions of health, safety and consumer groups seeking governmental regulations of alcohol industry marketing practices; and increased attention among alcohol researchers to social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the incidence and severity of alcohol problems. Today, an intense political drama is occurring at all levels of governmentlocal, state and federalregarding alcohol policy. The alcohol industry and its allies are using their enormous financial resources and political clout to forestall the increasing pressure from citizen action groups, governmental agencies, and scholars for meaningful changes in the role of alcohol in our society. This essay examines the theoretical, philosophical and political underpinnings of these shifts in societal understanding of alcohol, alcohol problems, and alcohol policy. It first analyzes the shifts that occurred in alcohol research in the late 1960s and early 1970s,","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127395834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Problems in the U.S.: Concepts, Patterns and Opportunities for Research","authors":"Raul Caetano Md and","doi":"10.1300/J023V11N01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V11N01_05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Don Cahalan: A Bibliography of His Work","authors":"Andrea Mitchell Mls","doi":"10.1300/J023V11N01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V11N01_08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132674954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Solvent abuse has received comparatively little attention from the public and from drug abuse researchers and practitioners. This neglect has resulted in a dearth of knowledge regarding this hazardous behavior. Based on the experience of the staff of the Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, a research agenda is proposed that addresses the major dimensions of solvent abuse. Topics for both prevention and treatment are included.
{"title":"Research Topics for the Problem of Volatile Solvent Abuse","authors":"F. Beauvais","doi":"10.1300/J023V10N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V10N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Solvent abuse has received comparatively little attention from the public and from drug abuse researchers and practitioners. This neglect has resulted in a dearth of knowledge regarding this hazardous behavior. Based on the experience of the staff of the Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, a research agenda is proposed that addresses the major dimensions of solvent abuse. Topics for both prevention and treatment are included.","PeriodicalId":366329,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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