Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0126661454274174231228101732
Sanjeev Kimothi, Waseem Ahmad, A. S. Gautam, Surendra Pratap Singh, Roopesh Kumar, Mohd. Yusuf
Storage and conversion technologies are being developed in response to the extreme need to find renewable energy alternatives and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. This problem is being driven by the accelerated growth of the world economy, a high level of fossil fuel consumption, and rising serious environmental pollution. A lot of people are interested in supercapacitors due to their unique physical and chemical properties like eco-friendly nature, long life and high energy. It acts as a bridge between conventional capacitors, which have high power, and fuel cells/batteries, bridging the energy-power gap (having high energy storage). It is evident that there are various research initiatives to address this, and supercapacitor basic and practical research has moved quickly. Here is a quick description of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) based materials used to create supercapacitors, including its technology and workings. The present review article highlights the importance of Ni(OH)2 as an important source of material for the development of supercapcitor for energy storage purposes. Ni(OH)2 has been synthesised using a variety of processes, which have all been thoroughly studied. Also discussed in detail are the improvements in Ni(OH)2 electrochemical performance.
{"title":"High-performance Electrode Material Ni(OH)2 for Supercapacitors in\u0000View of Energy Storage Applications","authors":"Sanjeev Kimothi, Waseem Ahmad, A. S. Gautam, Surendra Pratap Singh, Roopesh Kumar, Mohd. Yusuf","doi":"10.2174/0126661454274174231228101732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454274174231228101732","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Storage and conversion technologies are being developed in response to\u0000the extreme need to find renewable energy alternatives and reduce reliance on fossil\u0000fuels. This problem is being driven by the accelerated growth of the world economy,\u0000a high level of fossil fuel consumption, and rising serious environmental pollution. A\u0000lot of people are interested in supercapacitors due to their unique physical and chemical properties like eco-friendly nature, long life and high energy. It acts as a bridge\u0000between conventional capacitors, which have high power, and fuel cells/batteries,\u0000bridging the energy-power gap (having high energy storage). It is evident that there\u0000are various research initiatives to address this, and supercapacitor basic and practical\u0000research has moved quickly. Here is a quick description of nickel hydroxide\u0000(Ni(OH)2) based materials used to create supercapacitors, including its technology\u0000and workings. The present review article highlights the importance of Ni(OH)2 as an\u0000important source of material for the development of supercapcitor for energy storage\u0000purposes. Ni(OH)2 has been synthesised using a variety of processes, which have all\u0000been thoroughly studied. Also discussed in detail are the improvements in Ni(OH)2\u0000electrochemical performance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"80 4-5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0126661454279515231225151023
Shrikant M. Harle
In the field of science, multi-disciplinary analysis is a flexible and comprehensive approach to tackling difficult issues by combining data, expertise, and techniques from different areas of study. This article examines the importance, techniques, and results of cooperative endeavors that bring together different disciplines. The article also focuses on the moral and societal consequences of combining and analyzing data, with particular attention to safeguarding data privacy, minimizing biases, and promoting responsible use of AI. For instance, stringent steps are required to de-identify the data and guarantee that people's personal information is preserved in medical research that integrates patient data from several sources. Another important consideration is minimizing biases. To provide equitable employment chances, efforts are made to eradicate racial or gender prejudices in AI-driven recruiting procedures. The present article delves into the most recent breakthroughs in multiscience analysis, specifically the integration of artificial intelligence, cross-sector collaborations, and a growing emphasis on sustainable development. Furthermore, we underscore the critical significance of clear and open communication and the overall societal impact of this type of research. By working together and pursuing interdisciplinary approaches, multi-science analysis can pave the way towards a more interconnected and sustainable future, empowering society to tackle global challenges and bolster resilience in the face of intricate problems. Multi-science analysis often faces hurdles related to data heterogeneity, as integrating data from various sources with differing formats and quality standards can be technically demanding. Moreover, navigating the differing terminologies and methodologies across disciplines can sometimes lead to communication barriers and conflicts, requiring effective coordination and translation efforts. Additionally, ensuring equitable collaboration and recognition among diverse researchers and stakeholders can be a challenge, particularly in competitive academic or industry environments.
{"title":"Integrative Approaches to Tackle Multidisciplinary Challenges: A Review of Multi-science Problem Analysis","authors":"Shrikant M. Harle","doi":"10.2174/0126661454279515231225151023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454279515231225151023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the field of science, multi-disciplinary analysis is a flexible and comprehensive\u0000approach to tackling difficult issues by combining data, expertise, and techniques\u0000from different areas of study. This article examines the importance, techniques,\u0000and results of cooperative endeavors that bring together different disciplines.\u0000The article also focuses on the moral and societal consequences of combining and\u0000analyzing data, with particular attention to safeguarding data privacy, minimizing biases,\u0000and promoting responsible use of AI. For instance, stringent steps are required\u0000to de-identify the data and guarantee that people's personal information is preserved\u0000in medical research that integrates patient data from several sources. Another important\u0000consideration is minimizing biases. To provide equitable employment chances,\u0000efforts are made to eradicate racial or gender prejudices in AI-driven recruiting\u0000procedures. The present article delves into the most recent breakthroughs in multiscience\u0000analysis, specifically the integration of artificial intelligence, cross-sector collaborations,\u0000and a growing emphasis on sustainable development. Furthermore, we\u0000underscore the critical significance of clear and open communication and the overall\u0000societal impact of this type of research. By working together and pursuing interdisciplinary\u0000approaches, multi-science analysis can pave the way towards a more interconnected\u0000and sustainable future, empowering society to tackle global challenges and\u0000bolster resilience in the face of intricate problems. Multi-science analysis often faces\u0000hurdles related to data heterogeneity, as integrating data from various sources with\u0000differing formats and quality standards can be technically demanding. Moreover, navigating\u0000the differing terminologies and methodologies across disciplines can sometimes\u0000lead to communication barriers and conflicts, requiring effective coordination\u0000and translation efforts. Additionally, ensuring equitable collaboration and recognition\u0000among diverse researchers and stakeholders can be a challenge, particularly in competitive\u0000academic or industry environments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0126661454286193240104114521
Juan Zuo, Lu Ma, Ajiao Chen, Liwen Lin, Changjian Lin, Houan Zhang
Localized corrosion in welds has always been a very common and difficult problem in many industrial fields. Preferential corrosion usually occurs in the weld zones with irregular shapes of metal welds due to the welding process. To address the challenge of monitoring corrosion behavior at the weld zone in real-time, a novel Ag/AgCl flexible array, arranged in a 4×8 electrode configuration, has been developed. This array is employed for in situ monitoring of the corrosion process in Q235 steel welded joints (including single butt welds, double butt welds, and fillet welds) immersed in a 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution with a pH of 9. The measurement is conducted using a custom-made array electrode signal test system. The results demonstrate that the prepared electrode exhibits a highly responsive behavior to chlorine ions from 0.001 to 0.1 mol/L concentration and maintains excellent stability during 4000s. The weld zone shows higher corrosion activity and trends to generate pitting corrosion for all three welded joints in the first 15 min. With the increase of time, micro pitting corrosion dissolves and expands to macro point corrosion in the next 30 min. The flexible reference array electrode proves to be a powerful tool for the in situ monitoring of carbon steel corrosion, offering a comprehensive depiction of the steel's corrosion status over time. Such insights are crucial for making accurate corrosion predictions and conducting service life evaluations of steel structures.
{"title":"A Flexible Reference Array Electrode Technique for In Situ Imaging the Corrosion of Q235 Carbon Steel Welded Joints","authors":"Juan Zuo, Lu Ma, Ajiao Chen, Liwen Lin, Changjian Lin, Houan Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0126661454286193240104114521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454286193240104114521","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Localized corrosion in welds has always been a very common\u0000and difficult problem in many industrial fields. Preferential corrosion usually\u0000occurs in the weld zones with irregular shapes of metal welds due to the welding process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To address the challenge of monitoring corrosion behavior at the weld zone\u0000in real-time, a novel Ag/AgCl flexible array, arranged in a 4×8 electrode configuration,\u0000has been developed. This array is employed for in situ monitoring of the corrosion\u0000process in Q235 steel welded joints (including single butt welds, double butt\u0000welds, and fillet welds) immersed in a 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution with a pH of 9. The\u0000measurement is conducted using a custom-made array electrode signal test system.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results demonstrate that the prepared electrode exhibits a highly responsive\u0000behavior to chlorine ions from 0.001 to 0.1 mol/L concentration and maintains\u0000excellent stability during 4000s. The weld zone shows higher corrosion activity and\u0000trends to generate pitting corrosion for all three welded joints in the first 15 min. With\u0000the increase of time, micro pitting corrosion dissolves and expands to macro point\u0000corrosion in the next 30 min.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The flexible reference array electrode proves to be a powerful tool for\u0000the in situ monitoring of carbon steel corrosion, offering a comprehensive depiction\u0000of the steel's corrosion status over time. Such insights are crucial for making accurate\u0000corrosion predictions and conducting service life evaluations of steel structures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.2174/0126661454280974231220071848
Shivang Dhoundiyal
Biomaterials have emerged as promising tools in the field of neuroprotection, offering innovative approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders and injuries. This review provides an overview of the role of biomaterials in neuroprotection, focusing on their advancements in drug delivery systems, neural tissue engineering, bioactive coatings, and implants. We explore the mechanisms of action of biomaterials and their potential to enhance neuroprotection. Additionally, we discuss the preclinical evaluation of biomaterials, the use of animal models, and their translation to clinical applications. The future perspective highlights emerging trends, including nanotechnology, smart biomaterials, and the integration of biomaterials with cellbased therapies. These advancements, along with considerations of ethics, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, hold great promise for advancing neuroprotective interventions and improving outcomes for patients with neurological conditions.
{"title":"Potential of Biomaterials in Advancing Neuroprotection","authors":"Shivang Dhoundiyal","doi":"10.2174/0126661454280974231220071848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454280974231220071848","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Biomaterials have emerged as promising tools in the field of neuroprotection,\u0000offering innovative approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders and\u0000injuries. This review provides an overview of the role of biomaterials in neuroprotection,\u0000focusing on their advancements in drug delivery systems, neural tissue engineering,\u0000bioactive coatings, and implants. We explore the mechanisms of action of biomaterials\u0000and their potential to enhance neuroprotection. Additionally, we discuss the\u0000preclinical evaluation of biomaterials, the use of animal models, and their translation\u0000to clinical applications. The future perspective highlights emerging trends, including\u0000nanotechnology, smart biomaterials, and the integration of biomaterials with cellbased\u0000therapies. These advancements, along with considerations of ethics, sustainability,\u0000and cost-effectiveness, hold great promise for advancing neuroprotective interventions\u0000and improving outcomes for patients with neurological conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"41 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.2174/0126661454267045231226053357
Rekha Panghal, Pooja Yadav, Sudeshna Ghosh
The main goal of the current research was to investigate the influence of a wall-bounded medium on the settling behaviour of flexible planktonic particles. The particles are permeable and immersed in a Newtonian, incompressible, and viscous fluid. This study employed the Immersed Boundary Method to analyze the interaction between the fluid and the flexible planktonic particles. The research findings revealed a notable correlation between the terminal (fall) velocity of the particles and distance amongst the confining walls, referred to as the "wall gap." Specifically, as the wall gap increased, the terminal velocity of the particle also increased. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the degree of distortion experienced by the flexible planktonic particles increased with the expansion of the wall gap. In conclusion, the distance between the confining walls plays a significant role in determining the terminal velocity of the flexible planktonic particles during settling. This study highlights the importance of considering the wall gap as a crucial factor when examining the behaviour of these particles in a wall-bounded medium.
{"title":"To Study the Effect of Confining Walls on Permeable, Flexible Planktonic\u0000Particle using Immersed Boundary Method","authors":"Rekha Panghal, Pooja Yadav, Sudeshna Ghosh","doi":"10.2174/0126661454267045231226053357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454267045231226053357","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The main goal of the current research was to investigate the influence of a wall-bounded medium on the settling behaviour of flexible planktonic\u0000particles. The particles are permeable and immersed in a Newtonian, incompressible,\u0000and viscous fluid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study employed the Immersed Boundary Method to analyze the interaction between the fluid and the flexible planktonic particles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The research findings revealed a notable correlation between the terminal\u0000(fall) velocity of the particles and distance amongst the confining walls, referred to as\u0000the \"wall gap.\" Specifically, as the wall gap increased, the terminal velocity of the\u0000particle also increased. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the degree of distortion experienced by the flexible planktonic particles increased with the expansion of\u0000the wall gap.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In conclusion, the distance between the confining walls plays a significant role in determining the terminal velocity of the flexible planktonic particles during settling. This study highlights the importance of considering the wall gap as a\u0000crucial factor when examining the behaviour of these particles in a wall-bounded medium.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"52 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140496454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.2174/0126661454270862231226075334
Sonam Kumari, A. Thakur, P. Thakur
Ca-Mg nanoferrites of composition Ca0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 were synthesized by wet chemical citrate precursor approach. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by an “X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscopy, Diffused reflectance spectroscopy, and Impedance analyzer”. In the XRD pattern, the most intense reflection was observed from the (311) peak that corresponds to the cubic spinel phase of the prepared ferrite. The average size of all crystallites was calculated to be 19 nm. The sample's porosity was found to be 61%. In the SEM micrograph, uniformity in the size of the particles was detected with some agglomeration. The calculated energy band gap (1.91eV) reveals the semiconducting nature of the prepared material. The high value of the real part of the dielectric constant (290) and the low value of loss tangent (0.17) reveals that the synthesized material can be useful in magnetic cores, microwave components, and other high-frequency applications.
{"title":"Structural, Morphological, Spectroscopic, and Dielectric Properties of\u0000Ca-Mg Nanoferrites for High-frequency Applications","authors":"Sonam Kumari, A. Thakur, P. Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126661454270862231226075334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454270862231226075334","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ca-Mg nanoferrites of composition Ca0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 were\u0000synthesized by wet chemical citrate precursor approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by an “X-ray diffractometer,\u0000Scanning electron microscopy, Diffused reflectance spectroscopy, and Impedance\u0000analyzer”. In the XRD pattern, the most intense reflection was observed from the\u0000(311) peak that corresponds to the cubic spinel phase of the prepared ferrite.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The average size of all crystallites was calculated to be 19 nm. The sample's\u0000porosity was found to be 61%. In the SEM micrograph, uniformity in the size of the\u0000particles was detected with some agglomeration. The calculated energy band gap\u0000(1.91eV) reveals the semiconducting nature of the prepared material.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The high value of the real part of the dielectric constant (290) and the\u0000low value of loss tangent (0.17) reveals that the synthesized material can be useful in\u0000magnetic cores, microwave components, and other high-frequency applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"101 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.2174/0126661454271274240109092541
Supriya Kumari, Shailey Thakur, Leena Bhardwaj, Vijay Kumar
Heavy metal impurities are typically discovered in cosmetic products since they are abundant naturally. Lipstick's metal concentration has raised health concerns across the globe. This is so because applying cosmetics to the face always starts with lipstick. Since they are a potential source of daily, widespread, and frequently longterm exposure to a range of chemicals, the safety of cosmetic and personal care products has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Hazardous heavy metals are included in cosmetics and other products in general, which can cause a multitude of health issues. Therefore, they ought to be kept to a minimum use wherever it is technically feasible. Analysing the levels of harmful heavy metals present in commercially available cosmetic products is important for reducing exposure to those substances. In this study, we investigated the levels of a few harmful heavy metals in lipsticks, such as lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, and chromium. For this purpose, we have studied around 50 research articles that explain the spectroscopic analysis of lipsticks for the traces of heavy metals. This article includes the determination of levels of these toxic heavy metals by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Due to its hyphenated nature, low cost, quick analysis time, and reliable results, the atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) methodology is currently the one that is most frequently employed for metal ion detection despite the availability of a number of other methods.
{"title":"Spectroscopic Analysis of Lipsticks for the Traces of Heavy Metals: A\u0000Comprehensive Review","authors":"Supriya Kumari, Shailey Thakur, Leena Bhardwaj, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0126661454271274240109092541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454271274240109092541","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Heavy metal impurities are typically discovered in cosmetic products since\u0000they are abundant naturally. Lipstick's metal concentration has raised health concerns\u0000across the globe. This is so because applying cosmetics to the face always starts with\u0000lipstick. Since they are a potential source of daily, widespread, and frequently longterm exposure to a range of chemicals, the safety of cosmetic and personal care products has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Hazardous heavy metals are\u0000included in cosmetics and other products in general, which can cause a multitude of\u0000health issues. Therefore, they ought to be kept to a minimum use wherever it is technically feasible. Analysing the levels of harmful heavy metals present in commercially available cosmetic products is important for reducing exposure to those substances.\u0000In this study, we investigated the levels of a few harmful heavy metals in lipsticks,\u0000such as lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, and chromium. For this purpose, we have\u0000studied around 50 research articles that explain the spectroscopic analysis of lipsticks\u0000for the traces of heavy metals. This article includes the determination of levels of these toxic heavy metals by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Due to its hyphenated nature, low cost, quick analysis time, and reliable results, the atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) methodology is currently the one that is most frequently employed for\u0000metal ion detection despite the availability of a number of other methods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.2174/0126661454271054240102101302
Sonali Kesarwani, V. Saran, M. Mishra, Divya Bajpai Tripathi, Suneet Kumar
Criminal actions using falsified papers are on the rise. Any changes to the document's content are usually made with ballpoint and gel pens. All changes made to a document using a pen necessitate ink analysis. Thus, a quick and accurate ink analysis process must be created to cope with the challenges associated with counterfeiting. This study aims to analyze several brands of ballpoint and gel pen inks using physicochemical and computational techniques and provide a database of the results. A total of 24 pen samples from various brands were colour-tested first, followed by an optical test using ImageJ software. The composition of each ink sample was distinguished using the non-destructive method ATR-FTIR, followed by a destructive technique TLC. Lastly, a computational technique algorithm was applied for rapid and desirable results. The results distinguished each brand based on RGB measures and mean values. The differentiation of each sample using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was challenging due to similar structural characteristics. However, TLC (destructive) was used with several solvent systems. Ballpoint pen inks separated well in all solvent systems, with the greatest results achieved in solvent systems 2 and solvent system 4. The TLC spots were identical, but when evaluated digitally using MATLAB, substantial changes were visible, which were utilized to differentiate similar colour inks from various brands. The chemical approaches, in conjunction with the computational techniques, offered a rapid and sophisticated method that allowed for better distinction of the inks and provided more accuracy in substantially less time than typical methods employed in forensic laboratories.
{"title":"Ink Analysis for Forensic Investigations: An Integrated Approach Incorporating Physico-chemical Techniques and Image Processing","authors":"Sonali Kesarwani, V. Saran, M. Mishra, Divya Bajpai Tripathi, Suneet Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0126661454271054240102101302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454271054240102101302","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Criminal actions using falsified papers are on the rise. Any\u0000changes to the document's content are usually made with ballpoint and gel pens. All\u0000changes made to a document using a pen necessitate ink analysis. Thus, a quick and\u0000accurate ink analysis process must be created to cope with the challenges associated\u0000with counterfeiting.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to analyze several brands of ballpoint and gel pen inks using\u0000physicochemical and computational techniques and provide a database of the results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 24 pen samples from various brands were colour-tested first, followed by an optical test using ImageJ software. The composition of each ink sample\u0000was distinguished using the non-destructive method ATR-FTIR, followed by a destructive technique TLC. Lastly, a computational technique algorithm was applied for\u0000rapid and desirable results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results distinguished each brand based on RGB measures and mean values. The differentiation of each sample using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was challenging due to similar structural characteristics. However, TLC (destructive) was used\u0000with several solvent systems. Ballpoint pen inks separated well in all solvent systems,\u0000with the greatest results achieved in solvent systems 2 and solvent system 4. The TLC\u0000spots were identical, but when evaluated digitally using MATLAB, substantial\u0000changes were visible, which were utilized to differentiate similar colour inks from\u0000various brands.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The chemical approaches, in conjunction with the computational techniques, offered a rapid and sophisticated method that allowed for better distinction of\u0000the inks and provided more accuracy in substantially less time than typical methods\u0000employed in forensic laboratories.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"104 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extraction of natural products is a critical area of focus in the interdisciplinary domain of applied chemistry, biology, and technology, with an emphasis on the development of eco-friendly and sustainable methodologies driven by increasing consumer demand for environmentally friendly alternatives and industry concerns about sustainable, non-toxic extraction techniques. The yield and composition of natural extracts are contingent upon the extraction method employed and the solvent selected. Emerging technologies are designed to reduce extraction time, increase extraction yield, eliminate the use of solvents, and lessen environmental impact. The pharmaceutical industry has conducted extensive research into the application of innovative extraction technologies, including green technologies. In line with the development of “green technology,” the use of green solvents for the extraction of phytochemicals, as opposed to conventional non-eco-friendly solvents, is of paramount importance. Hydrotropes are one such class of green solvents that enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble or hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions by reducing toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and pH independence. These compounds have the potential to enhance the bioavailability, solubility, dissolution rate, extraction yield, and purity of extracted phytoconstituents. Their use minimizes energy consumption and costs, making them an efficient and sustainable choice in the extraction process. This review highlights the extensive use of hydrotropes in the innovative extraction of phytoactive compounds. It provides a comprehensive overview of hydrotrope chemistry, addresses toxicological concerns, and discusses state-of-the-art extraction technologies. The review also examines factors affecting the yield of phytoconstituents and explores available drug delivery systems. The potential of hydrotropes in this context is promising, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly extraction methodologies.
{"title":"Unleashing the Power of Green Chemistry in Phytoconstituent Extraction by Hydrotropic Solubilization","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Sakshi Sharma, Gauransh Mishra, Tanya Gupta, Manjunatha Prabhu B.H., Jagannath Sahoo","doi":"10.2174/0126661454287280240102095253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454287280240102095253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The extraction of natural products is a critical area of focus in the interdisciplinary domain of applied chemistry, biology, and technology, with an emphasis\u0000on the development of eco-friendly and sustainable methodologies driven by increasing consumer demand for environmentally friendly alternatives and industry concerns\u0000about sustainable, non-toxic extraction techniques. The yield and composition of natural extracts are contingent upon the extraction method employed and the solvent selected. Emerging technologies are designed to reduce extraction time, increase extraction yield, eliminate the use of solvents, and lessen environmental impact. The pharmaceutical industry has conducted extensive research into the application of innovative extraction technologies, including green technologies. In line with the development of “green technology,” the use of green solvents for the extraction of phytochemicals, as opposed to conventional non-eco-friendly solvents, is of paramount importance. Hydrotropes are one such class of green solvents that enhance the solubility\u0000of poorly water-soluble or hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions by reducing\u0000toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and pH independence. These compounds have the potential to enhance the bioavailability, solubility, dissolution rate, extraction yield, and\u0000purity of extracted phytoconstituents. Their use minimizes energy consumption and\u0000costs, making them an efficient and sustainable choice in the extraction process. This\u0000review highlights the extensive use of hydrotropes in the innovative extraction of\u0000phytoactive compounds. It provides a comprehensive overview of hydrotrope chemistry, addresses toxicological concerns, and discusses state-of-the-art extraction technologies. The review also examines factors affecting the yield of phytoconstituents\u0000and explores available drug delivery systems. The potential of hydrotropes in this\u0000context is promising, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly\u0000extraction methodologies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.2174/0126661454260630231221062043
Mohd Abdul Shukur, K. V. Kumar, G. N. Rao
In the current study, nanocrystalline LaMnO3 perovskite was prepared by combustion method and annealed at different annealing temperatures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns provided evidence that the structure formed has a Rhombohedral structure with R3 ̅c space group. The remarkable growth in the crystallite size, reduction in microstrain, and dislocation density were observed with annealing temperature. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to determine the optical band gap by the Tauc-plot method. The optical band gap was found to be 3.5 ± 0.4eV and 2.9 ± 0.5eV for 600°C and 1200°C annealed samples, respectively. The observed results were influenced by crystallite size. Raman spectra of the LaMnO3 nanocrystallites revealed five Raman-active modes, like out-of-phase rotation modes and bending mode of MnO6 octahedra. Moreover, the intensity of vibrational modes also varied significantly with annealing temperature.
{"title":"Influence of LaMnO3 Nanocrystallite Size on its Optical and Raman Spectra","authors":"Mohd Abdul Shukur, K. V. Kumar, G. N. Rao","doi":"10.2174/0126661454260630231221062043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454260630231221062043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the current study, nanocrystalline LaMnO3 perovskite was prepared by\u0000combustion method and annealed at different annealing temperatures. The X-ray diffraction\u0000(XRD) patterns provided evidence that the structure formed has a Rhombohedral\u0000structure with R3 ̅c space group. The remarkable growth in the crystallite size,\u0000reduction in microstrain, and dislocation density were observed with annealing temperature.\u0000Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to determine the optical band gap\u0000by the Tauc-plot method. The optical band gap was found to be 3.5 ± 0.4eV and 2.9 ±\u00000.5eV for 600°C and 1200°C annealed samples, respectively. The observed results\u0000were influenced by crystallite size. Raman spectra of the LaMnO3 nanocrystallites\u0000revealed five Raman-active modes, like out-of-phase rotation modes and bending\u0000mode of MnO6 octahedra. Moreover, the intensity of vibrational modes also varied\u0000significantly with annealing temperature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"110 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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