Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.2174/0126661454279603231113165113
Neetu Dhanda, P. Thakur, A. Thakur
A series of nickel doped cobalt (NixCo1-xFe2O4, x=0.0 to 1.0) were successfully synthesized using green synthesized process. Tensile strain of all positive slope samples observed from the W-H (Williamson Hall) plot. It was discovered that as Ni-substitution increased, the dielectric constant (є’) increased from 148.07 to 243.62. Conversely, when the amount of Ni-substitution increases, the dielectric loss (tan δ from 0.23 to 0.05), imaginary part (є’’ from 98.81 to 17.87), and ac conductivity (σac from 1.62 to 0.15) all decreases at 1MHz frequency. The purpose of current work is to investigate Williamson Hall effect and dielectric properties to find out the effects of nickel doping on the vibrational mode and crystal structure of cobalt ferrite. This demonstrates that when Ni-substitution increases, energy losses at high frequencies decrease. Dielectric constant and ac conductivity, of all samples act in accordance with Koop's theory, the Maxwell-Wagner polarization procedure, and electron hopping This makes them suitable materials for high-frequency applications
{"title":"Dielectric Properties of Ni-Co Nanoferrites Synthesized using Green\u0000Synthesis Process","authors":"Neetu Dhanda, P. Thakur, A. Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126661454279603231113165113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454279603231113165113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A series of nickel doped cobalt (NixCo1-xFe2O4, x=0.0 to 1.0) were successfully synthesized using green synthesized process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Tensile strain of all positive slope samples observed from the W-H (Williamson\u0000Hall) plot. It was discovered that as Ni-substitution increased, the dielectric constant (є’) increased from 148.07 to 243.62. Conversely, when the amount of Ni-substitution increases, the\u0000dielectric loss (tan δ from 0.23 to 0.05), imaginary part (є’’ from 98.81 to 17.87), and ac conductivity (σac from 1.62 to 0.15) all decreases at 1MHz frequency.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purpose of current work is to investigate Williamson Hall effect and dielectric properties to find out the effects of nickel doping on the vibrational mode and crystal structure of cobalt ferrite.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This demonstrates that when Ni-substitution increases, energy losses at high frequencies decrease. Dielectric constant and ac conductivity, of all samples act in accordance with\u0000Koop's theory, the Maxwell-Wagner polarization procedure, and electron hopping\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This makes them suitable materials for high-frequency applications\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.2174/0126661454271269231114130046
Rajesh Kumar, Arjun Singh, Prateek Kishor, P. Thakur, P. Soni, A. Thakur
The compatibility study is an important aspect before pre-formulation of the energetic composites. Any sort of the incompatibility between the ingredients of the energetic composites greatly affects the safety and functionality of the energetic composites. Therefore, to develope safer energetic composites, the compatibility between the different ingredients of the energetic formulations and their thermal decomposition kinetics is important study as it is directly linked with the safety and functionality of the energetic composites. The compatibility of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with different polyester-based polyurethanes (PUs) were studied by using vacuum stability tester (VST) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods as outlined by North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Standardisation Agreement (STANAG 4147). The mixture of RDX with polyester-based PUs was cured with MDI (4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate) and TMDI (2,2,4- trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate) as curatives to get polyester-based PUs. The VST measurements were carried out at isothermal temperature of 100℃ for 40 h. For kinetic study, all the samples were subjected to heat from 25-600℃ at different heating rates under flow rate of nitrogen gas of 40 mL/min The VST results revealed that energetic RDX was compatible with all polyester-based PUs and was chemically stable. The thermal decomposition behaviour was studied by employing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and DSC. The DSC results indicated that peak temperature difference (∆Tp) between pure RDX and binary mixture of RDX and polyester-based PUs i.e., RDX/PE/MDI, RDX/PE/IPDI and RDX/PE/TMDI were found to be greater than 4℃, indicating that RDX was not compatible with all types polyester-based PUs. The thermal stability in terms of Tmax values of RDX/PE/MDI, RDX/PE/IPDI and RDX/PE/TMDI was found to be significantly reduced as compared to pure RDX. The activation energy obtained by the Kissinger method for RDX/PE/MDI, RDX/PE/IPDI and RDX/PE/TMDI samples was found to be 220.2, 271.5 and 210.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The experimental results showed that the values are comparable and in good agreement with the values obtained by Ozawa method. This study provides useful information for selecting polyester -based PUs as polymeric binder for the preparation of RDX-based energetic composites.
{"title":"Compatibility and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Hexahydro-1,3,5-\u0000trinitro-1,3,5-triazine with Different Polyester-based Polyurethanes","authors":"Rajesh Kumar, Arjun Singh, Prateek Kishor, P. Thakur, P. Soni, A. Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126661454271269231114130046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454271269231114130046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The compatibility study is an important aspect before\u0000pre-formulation of the energetic composites. Any sort of the incompatibility\u0000between the ingredients of the energetic composites greatly affects the safety\u0000and functionality of the energetic composites. Therefore, to develope safer\u0000energetic composites, the compatibility between the different ingredients of the\u0000energetic formulations and their thermal decomposition kinetics is important\u0000study as it is directly linked with the safety and functionality of the energetic composites.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The compatibility of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with\u0000different polyester-based polyurethanes (PUs) were studied by using vacuum stability\u0000tester (VST) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods as outlined by\u0000North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Standardisation Agreement (STANAG 4147).\u0000The mixture of RDX with polyester-based PUs was cured with MDI (4,4’-methylene\u0000diphenyl diisocyanate), IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate) and TMDI (2,2,4-\u0000trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate) as curatives to get polyester-based PUs. The\u0000VST measurements were carried out at isothermal temperature of 100℃ for 40 h. For\u0000kinetic study, all the samples were subjected to heat from 25-600℃ at different heating rates under flow rate of nitrogen gas of 40 mL/min\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The VST results revealed that energetic RDX was compatible with all polyester-based PUs and was chemically stable. The thermal decomposition behaviour\u0000was studied by employing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and DSC. The DSC results indicated that peak temperature difference (∆Tp) between pure RDX and binary\u0000mixture of RDX and polyester-based PUs i.e., RDX/PE/MDI, RDX/PE/IPDI and\u0000RDX/PE/TMDI were found to be greater than 4℃, indicating that RDX was not compatible with all types polyester-based PUs. The thermal stability in terms of Tmax values of RDX/PE/MDI, RDX/PE/IPDI and RDX/PE/TMDI was found to be significantly reduced as compared to pure RDX. The activation energy obtained by the Kissinger method for RDX/PE/MDI, RDX/PE/IPDI and RDX/PE/TMDI samples was found\u0000to be 220.2, 271.5 and 210.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The experimental results showed\u0000that the values are comparable and in good agreement with the values obtained by\u0000Ozawa method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study provides useful information for selecting polyester\u0000-based PUs as polymeric binder for the preparation of RDX-based energetic\u0000composites.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Synthesis of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using simple, fast, effective and economic co-precipitation method and study of Cyclic Voltammetry and Photoluminescence characteristics. Background: Herein, we prepared Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using simple, fast, effective and economic co-precipitation method. The superior surface characteristics and antibacterial effects in the nanoscale range of ZnO encourage us to work on the ZnO NPs. Also, Ag has long been employed for its antibacterial qualities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that ZnO NPs show hexagonal phase and additional peak obtained with Ag doping in ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is being used for the investigation of electronic structure and defects in NPs. According to the PL study, Ag doping results in a decrease in the intensity of near band edge emission (NBE) and enhanced intensity of broad visible emission (BVE) with Ag doping in ZnO. Measurements from cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrate approximately symmetric peaks which are related with anodic and cathodic behaviors of the NPs based electrode. It is found that the peak separation increases with Ag doping in ZnO, which could be associated with the variations in the transfer of electrons at the interface between working electrode and the solution. Since peak potentials in the case of ZnO and Ag-ZnO are totally different which confirm the incorporation of Ag doping into ZnO NPs. Enhancement in the cathodic peaks with silver doping clarifies that number of electrons incorporated into photocatalysis process enhance with each repeated cycle, confirming an increase in the reaction activity of Ag-ZnO NPs. The obtained results indicate that Ag doped ZnO NPs may find application as efficient photocatalytic material. Objective: Synthesis of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using simple, fast, effective and economic co-precipitation method. Study of Cyclic Voltammetry and Photoluminescence characteristics. Method: Simple, fast, effective and economic chemical co-precipitation method is used for synthesis of nanoparticles. Result: According to the PL study, Ag doping results in a decrease in the intensity of near band edge emission (NBE) and enhanced intensity of broad visible emission (BVE) with Ag doping in ZnO. Measurements from cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrate approximately symmetric peaks which are related with anodic and cathodic behaviours of the NPs based electrode. It is found that the peak separation increases with Ag doping in ZnO, which could be associated with the variations in the transfer of electrons at the interface between working electrode and the solution. Since peak potentials in the case of ZnO and Ag-ZnO are totally different which confirm the incorporation of Ag doping into ZnO NPs. Enhancement in the cathodic peaks with silver doping clarifies that number of electrons incorporated into photocata
{"title":"Cyclic Voltammetry and Photoluminescence Studies of Ag-doped ZnO Nanoparticles","authors":"Amitender Singh, Kavita Yadav, Preeti Thakur, Atul Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126661454269682231024165319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454269682231024165319","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Synthesis of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using simple, fast, effective and economic co-precipitation method and study of Cyclic Voltammetry and Photoluminescence characteristics. Background: Herein, we prepared Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using simple, fast, effective and economic co-precipitation method. The superior surface characteristics and antibacterial effects in the nanoscale range of ZnO encourage us to work on the ZnO NPs. Also, Ag has long been employed for its antibacterial qualities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that ZnO NPs show hexagonal phase and additional peak obtained with Ag doping in ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is being used for the investigation of electronic structure and defects in NPs. According to the PL study, Ag doping results in a decrease in the intensity of near band edge emission (NBE) and enhanced intensity of broad visible emission (BVE) with Ag doping in ZnO. Measurements from cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrate approximately symmetric peaks which are related with anodic and cathodic behaviors of the NPs based electrode. It is found that the peak separation increases with Ag doping in ZnO, which could be associated with the variations in the transfer of electrons at the interface between working electrode and the solution. Since peak potentials in the case of ZnO and Ag-ZnO are totally different which confirm the incorporation of Ag doping into ZnO NPs. Enhancement in the cathodic peaks with silver doping clarifies that number of electrons incorporated into photocatalysis process enhance with each repeated cycle, confirming an increase in the reaction activity of Ag-ZnO NPs. The obtained results indicate that Ag doped ZnO NPs may find application as efficient photocatalytic material. Objective: Synthesis of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using simple, fast, effective and economic co-precipitation method. Study of Cyclic Voltammetry and Photoluminescence characteristics. Method: Simple, fast, effective and economic chemical co-precipitation method is used for synthesis of nanoparticles. Result: According to the PL study, Ag doping results in a decrease in the intensity of near band edge emission (NBE) and enhanced intensity of broad visible emission (BVE) with Ag doping in ZnO. Measurements from cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrate approximately symmetric peaks which are related with anodic and cathodic behaviours of the NPs based electrode. It is found that the peak separation increases with Ag doping in ZnO, which could be associated with the variations in the transfer of electrons at the interface between working electrode and the solution. Since peak potentials in the case of ZnO and Ag-ZnO are totally different which confirm the incorporation of Ag doping into ZnO NPs. Enhancement in the cathodic peaks with silver doping clarifies that number of electrons incorporated into photocata","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.2174/0126661454266606231020074225
Vijay Kumar, Anjani Jain, Jitendra Kumar Saini, Leena Bhardwaj
Background: Investigation of the development of acquisition of phonological processes is a very important phenomenon to predict language development in childhood. Phonological development refers to the gradual acquisition of an adult-like speech system used to convey meaning in a language. Adequate phonological development can lead to higher speech intelligibility, essential for perception and speech production. The test battery approach for phonological assessment includes formal as well as informal testing modalities. Speech intelligibility is a vital parameter for the assessment of phonological development. This is done via scoring collected audio speech samples, followed by IPA transcription and scoring and analysis of data manually. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the speech intelligibility score across real-timed stimuli (rhyming, storytelling, open-ended questions, and picture description tasks) across two age categories, i.e., 3-4 and 4-5 years among 40 Hindi-speaking children. Methods: A total of 40 children (15 girls and 25 boys) in the age range of 3 to 5 years were randomly selected from a junior high school in New Delhi, India. Groupwise speech intelligibility score was calculated for rhyming, storytelling, open-ended questions, and picture description tasks. Results: It was observed that the speech intelligibility score for open-ended questions was significantly higher in the 4-5 years group (94.09 ± 3.7) than the 3-4 years (89.83 ± 8.2), t (1, 38) =2.12, p =0.04). However, no significant improvement in rhyming task [t (1, 38) =1.14, p =0.18), storytelling [t (1, 38) =1.81, p =0.07), and picture description [t (1, 38) =1.89, p =0.06) was observed. Conclusion: Chances of error in conventional method of phonology assessment still persists which may be controlled using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The target phonetic stimulus can be customized based on the linguistic experience and environment.
背景:语音过程习得的发展是预测儿童语言发展的一个重要现象。语音发展是指逐渐获得一种类似成人的语言系统，用来表达语言的意思。充分的语音发展可以导致更高的语音清晰度，这对感知和语音产生至关重要。语音评估的测试单元方法包括正式和非正式的测试方式。语音可理解度是评估语音发展的重要参数。这是通过对收集到的音频语音样本进行评分，然后手动进行国际音标转录和数据评分和分析来完成的。本研究的主要目的是调查40名印地语儿童在实时刺激(押韵、讲故事、开放式问题和图片描述任务)下的语音清晰度得分，这些语音清晰度得分跨越两个年龄类别，即3-4岁和4-5岁。方法:在印度新德里一所初中随机抽取年龄在3 ~ 5岁的儿童40名，其中女孩15名，男孩25名。计算了押韵、讲故事、开放式问题和图片描述任务的群体语音清晰度得分。结果:4-5岁组开放式问题语音清晰度得分(94.09±3.7)明显高于3-4岁组(89.83±8.2)，t (1,38) =2.12, p =0.04)。然而，在押韵任务[t (1,38) =1.14, p =0.18]、讲故事任务[t (1,38) =1.81, p =0.07]和图片描述任务[t (1,38) =1.89, p =0.06]方面没有显著改善。结论:传统的音系评估方法仍然存在误差，可以通过人工智能(AI)加以控制。目标语音刺激可以根据语言经验和环境进行定制。
{"title":"Investigation of Development of Phonology using Artificial Intelligence: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Vijay Kumar, Anjani Jain, Jitendra Kumar Saini, Leena Bhardwaj","doi":"10.2174/0126661454266606231020074225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454266606231020074225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Investigation of the development of acquisition of phonological processes is a very important phenomenon to predict language development in childhood. Phonological development refers to the gradual acquisition of an adult-like speech system used to convey meaning in a language. Adequate phonological development can lead to higher speech intelligibility, essential for perception and speech production. The test battery approach for phonological assessment includes formal as well as informal testing modalities. Speech intelligibility is a vital parameter for the assessment of phonological development. This is done via scoring collected audio speech samples, followed by IPA transcription and scoring and analysis of data manually. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the speech intelligibility score across real-timed stimuli (rhyming, storytelling, open-ended questions, and picture description tasks) across two age categories, i.e., 3-4 and 4-5 years among 40 Hindi-speaking children. Methods: A total of 40 children (15 girls and 25 boys) in the age range of 3 to 5 years were randomly selected from a junior high school in New Delhi, India. Groupwise speech intelligibility score was calculated for rhyming, storytelling, open-ended questions, and picture description tasks. Results: It was observed that the speech intelligibility score for open-ended questions was significantly higher in the 4-5 years group (94.09 ± 3.7) than the 3-4 years (89.83 ± 8.2), t (1, 38) =2.12, p =0.04). However, no significant improvement in rhyming task [t (1, 38) =1.14, p =0.18), storytelling [t (1, 38) =1.81, p =0.07), and picture description [t (1, 38) =1.89, p =0.06) was observed. Conclusion: Chances of error in conventional method of phonology assessment still persists which may be controlled using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The target phonetic stimulus can be customized based on the linguistic experience and environment.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"44 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135681657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.2174/0126661454248025230919055029
Seema Lal, Shilpi Bhatnagar
Abstract: Rapid industrialization by humans is a dominant source of waste materials in water bodies and has created serious environmental problems, which has made the survival of life forms on land as well as in water bodies a challenge. Water gets contaminated by human waste, domestic sewage, wastewater discharges and effluents from industrial sites such as factories, refineries, and mines, accidental spills of chemicals, agricultural run-off, toxic metals and radioactive materials. The toxic nonbiodegradable chemicals in industrial waste are treated by various methods such as adsorption, coagulation, ozonation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, chemical oxidation and biological treatments. Biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate and keratin proteins are the most sustainable, renewable and biocompatible polymers commonly used materials for wastewater purification. Chromium VI is one of the serious aquatic pollutants released as effluent from various industries and is considered a potentially toxic metal ion for humans and aquatic life. In the past decades, various conventional methods with their own merits and demerits have been explored for Cr decontamination from wastewater bodies. The present study highlights the application of Chitosan biopolymer as an effective and sustainable material for efficiently removing Cr VI metal ions from wastewater bodies.
{"title":"Chitosan Biopolymer As Sustainable Material For Chromium Removal From Waste Water Bodies","authors":"Seema Lal, Shilpi Bhatnagar","doi":"10.2174/0126661454248025230919055029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454248025230919055029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Rapid industrialization by humans is a dominant source of waste materials in water bodies and has created serious environmental problems, which has made the survival of life forms on land as well as in water bodies a challenge. Water gets contaminated by human waste, domestic sewage, wastewater discharges and effluents from industrial sites such as factories, refineries, and mines, accidental spills of chemicals, agricultural run-off, toxic metals and radioactive materials. The toxic nonbiodegradable chemicals in industrial waste are treated by various methods such as adsorption, coagulation, ozonation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, chemical oxidation and biological treatments. Biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate and keratin proteins are the most sustainable, renewable and biocompatible polymers commonly used materials for wastewater purification. Chromium VI is one of the serious aquatic pollutants released as effluent from various industries and is considered a potentially toxic metal ion for humans and aquatic life. In the past decades, various conventional methods with their own merits and demerits have been explored for Cr decontamination from wastewater bodies. The present study highlights the application of Chitosan biopolymer as an effective and sustainable material for efficiently removing Cr VI metal ions from wastewater bodies.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135167782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Polysaccharides from marine sources have been increasingly used in recent research due to their availability, affordability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These features make them promising candidates for use in nanotechnology in a wide variety of drug delivery systems, including those for gene therapy, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, biosensors, and water purification. Marine polysaccharides are of particular interest due to their distinct physicochemical and biological properties like chitin, alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, and chitosan has inspired an array of nanostructures. This article summarizes the history, chemical composition, biological functions, and nanomedical uses of these marine polysaccharides. Marine polysaccharides are the topic of this review due to their potential utility in gene transfer.
{"title":"Marine Polysaccharides for Gene Delivery: Approaches and Prospective","authors":"Shubham Kumar Thakur, Priyanshi Goyal, Rishabha Malviya","doi":"10.2174/0126661454257825231012191447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454257825231012191447","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Polysaccharides from marine sources have been increasingly used in recent research due to their availability, affordability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These features make them promising candidates for use in nanotechnology in a wide variety of drug delivery systems, including those for gene therapy, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, biosensors, and water purification. Marine polysaccharides are of particular interest due to their distinct physicochemical and biological properties like chitin, alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, and chitosan has inspired an array of nanostructures. This article summarizes the history, chemical composition, biological functions, and nanomedical uses of these marine polysaccharides. Marine polysaccharides are the topic of this review due to their potential utility in gene transfer.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"62 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.2174/0126661454245742231010060739
Md. Shahrukh Khan, Anis Ahmad, Shyamal Kumar Kundu
Abstract: A grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from the producer to the consumer. This review focuses on the challenges associated with the integration of renewable energy into the grid, as well as the solutions that can be used to reduce the environmental impact of climate change and achieve sustainability. Renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, geothermal energy, and tidal energy are the sources which can help us to achieve the reduction of CO2 emission in the atmosphere, which is directly linked to climate change and global warming. In our study, we focussed on sustainable development and decreased CO2 emissions. The grid is essentially an interconnected network for delivering electricity from the manufacturer to the consumer, and the manufacturing segment should be replaced by renewable energy for us to meet our goal.
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of Renewable Energy Grid Connected Supply: A Review","authors":"Md. Shahrukh Khan, Anis Ahmad, Shyamal Kumar Kundu","doi":"10.2174/0126661454245742231010060739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454245742231010060739","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from the producer to the consumer. This review focuses on the challenges associated with the integration of renewable energy into the grid, as well as the solutions that can be used to reduce the environmental impact of climate change and achieve sustainability. Renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, geothermal energy, and tidal energy are the sources which can help us to achieve the reduction of CO2 emission in the atmosphere, which is directly linked to climate change and global warming. In our study, we focussed on sustainable development and decreased CO2 emissions. The grid is essentially an interconnected network for delivering electricity from the manufacturer to the consumer, and the manufacturing segment should be replaced by renewable energy for us to meet our goal.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.2174/0126661454274311231011070702
Swagata Bhattacherjee, Palasri Dhar, Sunipa Roy
Introduction: This work represents the influence of gate dielectric, and the nano-cavity gap of a dielectric modulated trench gate Junction-less Double Gate Field Effect Transistor (JL-DGFET) on the different performance indicators is investigated considering the Low-Frequency Noise. Methods:: It is noted that the gate dielectric and the nanogap, both parameters, have a substantial influence on the sensing capacity and performance of noise of the device. Results:: A double gate suitable dielectric material and cavity thickness can effectively improve the biosensor’s sensitivity with a minimum amount of noise. Conclusion:: The sensitivity is found to increase up to 9.5 for dielectric constant, k = 3.57 and 6.5 for dielectric constant, k = 2.1.
{"title":"Impacts of Cavity Thickness and Insulating Material on Dielectric Modulated Trench Junction-less Double Gate Field Effect Transistor for Biosensing Applications","authors":"Swagata Bhattacherjee, Palasri Dhar, Sunipa Roy","doi":"10.2174/0126661454274311231011070702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454274311231011070702","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This work represents the influence of gate dielectric, and the nano-cavity gap of a dielectric modulated trench gate Junction-less Double Gate Field Effect Transistor (JL-DGFET) on the different performance indicators is investigated considering the Low-Frequency Noise. Methods:: It is noted that the gate dielectric and the nanogap, both parameters, have a substantial influence on the sensing capacity and performance of noise of the device. Results:: A double gate suitable dielectric material and cavity thickness can effectively improve the biosensor’s sensitivity with a minimum amount of noise. Conclusion:: The sensitivity is found to increase up to 9.5 for dielectric constant, k = 3.57 and 6.5 for dielectric constant, k = 2.1.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.2174/0126661454263264230926054553
Shrikant Harle
Background: The use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become widespread in simulating the response of structural members subjected to impact loads. This review paper aims to provide an overview of FEA's application for predicting the response of structural members under impact loads. Objectives: The objectives of this review are to analyze the analytical and experimental methods used for studying the dynamics of vibration and impact loads, including Finite Element Analysis, Modal Analysis, Experimental Modal Analysis, Response Spectrum Analysis, and Design of Experiments Analysis. Methods: The review paper thoroughly examines the principles of FEA, the various types of impact loads, and the different structural members involved. It analyzes the definitions, causes, effects, and analytical and experimental methods used to study vibration and impact loads. Results: The review paper highlights the significance of studying these dynamics, as failure to do so can result in catastrophic failures of structures and machines. It presents a comprehensive review of the effects of vibration and impact loads on structures and machines and the advantages and limitations of different analytical and experimental methods. Conclusion: This review provides valuable insights into the dynamics of vibration and impact loads and their potential consequences on structural integrity. The findings emphasize the importance of employing appropriate analytical and experimental methods to accurately predict and assess the response of structural members under impact loads.
{"title":"Analyzing the Response of Structural Members to Impact Loads Using Finite Element Analysis: A Review","authors":"Shrikant Harle","doi":"10.2174/0126661454263264230926054553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454263264230926054553","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become widespread in simulating the response of structural members subjected to impact loads. This review paper aims to provide an overview of FEA's application for predicting the response of structural members under impact loads. Objectives: The objectives of this review are to analyze the analytical and experimental methods used for studying the dynamics of vibration and impact loads, including Finite Element Analysis, Modal Analysis, Experimental Modal Analysis, Response Spectrum Analysis, and Design of Experiments Analysis. Methods: The review paper thoroughly examines the principles of FEA, the various types of impact loads, and the different structural members involved. It analyzes the definitions, causes, effects, and analytical and experimental methods used to study vibration and impact loads. Results: The review paper highlights the significance of studying these dynamics, as failure to do so can result in catastrophic failures of structures and machines. It presents a comprehensive review of the effects of vibration and impact loads on structures and machines and the advantages and limitations of different analytical and experimental methods. Conclusion: This review provides valuable insights into the dynamics of vibration and impact loads and their potential consequences on structural integrity. The findings emphasize the importance of employing appropriate analytical and experimental methods to accurately predict and assess the response of structural members under impact loads.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"469 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.2174/2666145417666230918115854
Jian Xin Lim, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah, Vuanghao Lim, Han Kee Lee, Yoke Keong Yong
Abstract: Cancer has become a major global public health concern, with millions of new cases and deaths reported annually. Conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and surgery, continue to be the standard of care; however, they frequently bear significant risks and high costs, necessitating the development of more cost-effective and safe alternatives. These limitations can be overcome by nanoparticle (NPs), composed of organic or inorganic substances in the nanoscale range, which offer benefits including enhanced pharmacokinetics, selective targeting of cancer cells, reduced toxicity, and decreased drug resistance. Green nanotechnology, which integrates nanotechnology with natural compounds, has emerged as a strategy for reducing toxicity on human health and the environment by functioning as reducing, capping, and stabilising agents. Compared to other NPs, Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) possess a unique selectivity and a potent capacity to target cancer cells, in addition to being biocompatible and considered safer for both humans and the environment. Due to the physiological function of zinc, an essential micronutrient, ZnO NPs have demonstrated greater bioavailability than other metal or metal oxide NPs. NP plays a more significant role in bioavailability than particle size, making ZnO NPs an attractive option for various applications. This mini review aims to comprehensively explore the synthesis methodology of ZnO NPs and the potential mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties. `
{"title":"A Mini Review: Zinc Oxide NPs as a Promising Cancer Treatment Strategy: Insights into Synthesis Methodology and Mechanisms","authors":"Jian Xin Lim, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah, Vuanghao Lim, Han Kee Lee, Yoke Keong Yong","doi":"10.2174/2666145417666230918115854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145417666230918115854","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Cancer has become a major global public health concern, with millions of new cases and deaths reported annually. Conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and surgery, continue to be the standard of care; however, they frequently bear significant risks and high costs, necessitating the development of more cost-effective and safe alternatives. These limitations can be overcome by nanoparticle (NPs), composed of organic or inorganic substances in the nanoscale range, which offer benefits including enhanced pharmacokinetics, selective targeting of cancer cells, reduced toxicity, and decreased drug resistance. Green nanotechnology, which integrates nanotechnology with natural compounds, has emerged as a strategy for reducing toxicity on human health and the environment by functioning as reducing, capping, and stabilising agents. Compared to other NPs, Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) possess a unique selectivity and a potent capacity to target cancer cells, in addition to being biocompatible and considered safer for both humans and the environment. Due to the physiological function of zinc, an essential micronutrient, ZnO NPs have demonstrated greater bioavailability than other metal or metal oxide NPs. NP plays a more significant role in bioavailability than particle size, making ZnO NPs an attractive option for various applications. This mini review aims to comprehensively explore the synthesis methodology of ZnO NPs and the potential mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties. `","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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