The spindle top is an important component used to withstand the shaft workpiece on machine tools so that the spindle can meet high efficiency and high precision requirements. However, the selection principles under various load conditions are not stipulated in use. In addition, material selection, manufacturing, heat treatment technology, etc., are of practical significance for the production of high hardness, high wear resistance, and high precision spindle tops. The spindle top type, material selection principles, heat treatment, cold working, and other manufacturing processes are given. Provide a reference for highperformance and top-notch design and manufacturing. The model of the spindle top will be created in UG software, then using ANSYS finite element analysis software to analyze stiffness of spindle top whose height-to-diameter ratios are 1:4 and 1:7 types in a variety of different load cases. The design and manufacturing process of the spindle top is analyzed and expounded from the selection and performance comparison of metal materials, heat treatment of different materials, cold manufacturing technology, and other aspects. The deformation laws of different types of spindle tops are obtained. According to the deformation regular, find the selection principle of height to diameter ratio of spindle top. The defects that are easy to occur in the technology are obtained and the preventive and solution measures are put forward. According to the deformation regular, find the selection principle of height to diameter ratio of spindle top. The material selection, heat treatment technology, and other technical research on the spindle top provide the necessary basis for the production of the spindle top.
主轴顶盖是机床上用于承受轴工件的重要部件，可使主轴满足高效率和高精度的要求。但在使用过程中，各种载荷条件下的选择原则并无规定。此外，材料选择、制造、热处理工艺等对于生产高硬度、高耐磨、高精度的主轴顶尖具有重要的现实意义。在 UG 软件中建立主轴顶尖模型，然后使用ANSYS 有限元分析软件对高径比为 1:4 和 1:7 的主轴顶尖在各种不同载荷情况下的刚度进行分析。从金属材料的选择和性能比较、不同材料的热处理、冷加工工艺等方面对主轴顶盖的设计和制造工艺进行了分析和阐述，得到了不同类型主轴顶盖的变形规律。根据变形规律，找出锭顶高径比的选择原则。根据变形规律，找出锭顶高径比的选择原则。主轴顶尖的材料选择、热处理工艺等技术研究为主轴顶尖的生产提供了必要的依据。
{"title":"Research on Stiffness Analysis and Technology of the Heavy Spidle Top","authors":"Yongkang Wang, Bing-Tuan Gao, Wenlong Han, Shilong Xue","doi":"10.2174/0126661454282437231227070831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454282437231227070831","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The spindle top is an important component used to withstand\u0000the shaft workpiece on machine tools so that the spindle can meet high efficiency and\u0000high precision requirements. However, the selection principles under various load\u0000conditions are not stipulated in use. In addition, material selection, manufacturing,\u0000heat treatment technology, etc., are of practical significance for the production of high\u0000hardness, high wear resistance, and high precision spindle tops.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The spindle top type, material selection principles, heat treatment, cold\u0000working, and other manufacturing processes are given. Provide a reference for highperformance\u0000and top-notch design and manufacturing.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The model of the spindle top will be created in UG software, then using\u0000ANSYS finite element analysis software to analyze stiffness of spindle top whose\u0000height-to-diameter ratios are 1:4 and 1:7 types in a variety of different load cases. The\u0000design and manufacturing process of the spindle top is analyzed and expounded from\u0000the selection and performance comparison of metal materials, heat treatment of different\u0000materials, cold manufacturing technology, and other aspects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The deformation laws of different types of spindle tops are obtained. According\u0000to the deformation regular, find the selection principle of height to diameter\u0000ratio of spindle top. The defects that are easy to occur in the technology are obtained\u0000and the preventive and solution measures are put forward.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to the deformation regular, find the selection principle of\u0000height to diameter ratio of spindle top. The material selection, heat treatment technology,\u0000and other technical research on the spindle top provide the necessary basis for\u0000the production of the spindle top.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"5 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0126661454278665231219112020
Ramyakrishna Pothu, A. B. Radwan, Paramasivam Shanmugam, Aditya Saran, Hitler Louis, Rajender Boddula, Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum, R. Naik, N. Al-Qahtani
Sustainable synthesis of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic acid (LA) offers a sustainable approach to converting biomass-derived feedstocks into valuable chemicals and fuel additves. Cu-Hydroxyapatite (Cu-HAp) catalysts are potential candidates for vapor-phase hydrogenation of LA to GVL due to their enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity through Cu nanoparticle support. This study aimed to investigate the catalytic performance of Cu-HAp catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The primary goal was to optimize reaction conditions and assess the enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity The influence of copper loading, reaction temperature, and catalyst stability was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of time on stream (TOS) on LA conversion and GVL selectivity was examined by the best optimised Cu/HAp catalyst. Cu-HAp catalysts exhibited favorable catalytic performance, with optimal conditions at approximately 5wt% copper loading. At this loading, maximum LA conversion (60%) and GVL selectivity (90%) were achieved after 8 hours on the stream at 265°C and 0.1 MPa conditions. The study demonstrates the efficacy of Cu-HAp catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The findings indicate that as the copper loading increases from 2 to 20 wt%, the conversion of LA and the selectivity to GVL both decline. The analysis further implies that the dispersion of Cu species corresponds directly to the activity observed during the LA hydrogenation. The conversion of LA rises with a higher reaction temperature ranging from 250-320°C, although the selectivity of GVL decreases above 265°C. The catalyst's stability is crucial for maintaining efficient catalytic activity over time, with observed deactivation attributed to Cu metal particle aggregation and coke formation on active sites. The findings contribute to the development of robust catalyst systems for biomass-derived chemical transformations.
{"title":"Tailoring Cu/Hydroxyapatite Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenolysis of\u0000Biomass Derived Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone Biofuel Additive","authors":"Ramyakrishna Pothu, A. B. Radwan, Paramasivam Shanmugam, Aditya Saran, Hitler Louis, Rajender Boddula, Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum, R. Naik, N. Al-Qahtani","doi":"10.2174/0126661454278665231219112020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454278665231219112020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sustainable synthesis of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic acid (LA) offers a sustainable approach to converting biomass-derived feedstocks into valuable chemicals and fuel additves. Cu-Hydroxyapatite (Cu-HAp) catalysts are potential candidates for vapor-phase hydrogenation of LA to GVL due to\u0000their enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity through Cu nanoparticle support.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to investigate the catalytic performance of Cu-HAp catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The primary goal was\u0000to optimize reaction conditions and assess the enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The influence of copper loading, reaction temperature, and catalyst stability\u0000was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of time on stream (TOS) on LA conversion and\u0000GVL selectivity was examined by the best optimised Cu/HAp catalyst.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Cu-HAp catalysts exhibited favorable catalytic performance, with optimal\u0000conditions at approximately 5wt% copper loading. At this loading, maximum LA\u0000conversion (60%) and GVL selectivity (90%) were achieved after 8 hours on the\u0000stream at 265°C and 0.1 MPa conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study demonstrates the efficacy of Cu-HAp catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The findings indicate that as the copper\u0000loading increases from 2 to 20 wt%, the conversion of LA and the selectivity to GVL\u0000both decline. The analysis further implies that the dispersion of Cu species corresponds directly to the activity observed during the LA hydrogenation. The conversion\u0000of LA rises with a higher reaction temperature ranging from 250-320°C, although the\u0000selectivity of GVL decreases above 265°C. The catalyst's stability is crucial for maintaining efficient catalytic activity over time, with observed deactivation attributed to\u0000Cu metal particle aggregation and coke formation on active sites. The findings contribute to the development of robust catalyst systems for biomass-derived chemical\u0000transformations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0126661454266022231207111038
Amol B. Pandhare, Swapnajit V. Mulik, Karishma S. Shikhare, Rutuja B. Sathe, Sarjerao B. Patil, Kranti K. Patil, S. Delekar, Rajendra P. Patil
The objective of this work was to study in more detail the dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses at different frequencies. It is well known that adding ions increases the dielectric constant and increases the dielectric loss as well as conductivity. Furthermore, the real part of the dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency. Dielectrics are used as a capacitor for storing energy and a transformer for insulating and cooling agents. To enhance the performance of a semiconductor device, high-permittivity dielectric materials are used. Another aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of how frequency influences the dielectric and electrical properties and what are the mathematical forms of these dependencies. With this aim, magnetic mixed metal oxide systems ZnMn1-xNixFexO4 (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) have been synthesized in this work using wet chemical approaches. The prepared mixed-metal oxide nanomaterials have been characterized using analytical techniques, viz., XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, VSM, TGA/DTA, etc. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles have caught the attention of researchers recently. Ferrites also feature a distinctive surface area, a porous structure, and great magnetic sensitivity. Nanoparticles of ZnMn1-xNixFexO4 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) have been synthesized using the lucrative as well as eco-friendly chemical sol-gel technique. According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, the generated nanoparticles had an average crystallite size of 34 nm, and the ferrite sample showed a cubic structure. Two absorption bands at 411-455 and 595 cm-1 in FT-IR spectroscopy have evidenced the aforementioned structure to exist in the manufactured samples. The magnetic curves demonstrated that after nickel replacement, the values of coercivity and saturation magnetization altered. Between 20 Hz and 1 MHz, a dielectric behavior demonstrated conductivity and dielectric dispersion owing to interfacial polarization, as well as the interior of grain boundaries. In the present case, it has been observed that the dielectric behavior decreased with increasing Ni concentration in the above-synthesized compositions. Such change may be due to the increase in resistivity of Zn-Mn ferrite with the substitution of nickel concentration and it has indicated the dielectric behavior to be directly proportional to the square root of conductivity. Current research has demonstrated that ferrite nanoparticles have sparked substantial interest due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, distinctive tunable capabilities, hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, and exceptional magnetic properties. The samples' structural, microstructural, magnetic, and electrical characteristics, have also been examined.
{"title":"Studies on the Magneto-structural Properties and Initial Permittivity of Chemically Produced Nanoscale Nickel-substituted Zinc Manganese\u0000Mixed Ferrites","authors":"Amol B. Pandhare, Swapnajit V. Mulik, Karishma S. Shikhare, Rutuja B. Sathe, Sarjerao B. Patil, Kranti K. Patil, S. Delekar, Rajendra P. Patil","doi":"10.2174/0126661454266022231207111038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454266022231207111038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objective of this work was to study in more detail the dielectric\u0000permittivity and dielectric losses at different frequencies. It is well known that\u0000adding ions increases the dielectric constant and increases the dielectric loss as well\u0000as conductivity. Furthermore, the real part of the dielectric constant decreases with\u0000increasing frequency. Dielectrics are used as a capacitor for storing energy and a\u0000transformer for insulating and cooling agents. To enhance the performance of a semiconductor\u0000device, high-permittivity dielectric materials are used. Another aim of this\u0000study was to gain a better understanding of how frequency influences the dielectric\u0000and electrical properties and what are the mathematical forms of these dependencies.\u0000With this aim, magnetic mixed metal oxide systems ZnMn1-xNixFexO4 (x=0.0, 0.25,\u00000.5, 0.75, and 1.0) have been synthesized in this work using wet chemical approaches.\u0000The prepared mixed-metal oxide nanomaterials have been characterized using analytical\u0000techniques, viz., XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, VSM, TGA/DTA, etc.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Spinel ferrite nanoparticles have caught the attention of researchers recently. Ferrites also feature a distinctive surface area, a porous structure, and great magnetic sensitivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nanoparticles of ZnMn1-xNixFexO4 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) have\u0000been synthesized using the lucrative as well as eco-friendly chemical sol-gel technique.\u0000According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, the generated nanoparticles had an\u0000average crystallite size of 34 nm, and the ferrite sample showed a cubic structure.\u0000Two absorption bands at 411-455 and 595 cm-1 in FT-IR spectroscopy have evidenced\u0000the aforementioned structure to exist in the manufactured samples. The magnetic\u0000curves demonstrated that after nickel replacement, the values of coercivity and\u0000saturation magnetization altered. Between 20 Hz and 1 MHz, a dielectric behavior\u0000demonstrated conductivity and dielectric dispersion owing to interfacial polarization,\u0000as well as the interior of grain boundaries.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present case, it has been observed that the dielectric behavior decreased\u0000with increasing Ni concentration in the above-synthesized compositions.\u0000Such change may be due to the increase in resistivity of Zn-Mn ferrite with the substitution\u0000of nickel concentration and it has indicated the dielectric behavior to be directly\u0000proportional to the square root of conductivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Current research has demonstrated that ferrite nanoparticles have\u0000sparked substantial interest due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, distinctive tunable\u0000capabilities, hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, and exceptional magnetic properties.\u0000The samples' structural, microstructural, magnetic, and electrical characteristics,\u0000have also been examined.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rationality of the mixing process specified in the "Technical Guideline for Construction of Direct-to-Plant SBS Modified Bituminous Pavement" needs further verification. To study the dynamic modification effect during the mixing process of SBS-T and the optimal mixing process. SBS-T-modified asphalt under different mixing processes was collected in this paper, and the microscopic images were obtained by using fluorescence microscopy. Then qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted on the dynamic modification effect. The pavement performances of SBS-T modified asphalt mixture under different mixing processes were studied using the high-temperature rutting, low-temperature bending, and immersion Marshall tests. An increase in temperature is beneficial for SBS-T to reach a rapid melting state. The fluorescence microscopic area reaches its maximum at a mixing temperature of 180°C, a mixing time of 60s~75s without asphalt, and a mixing time of 120 seconds with asphalt. The mixing process of SBS-T modified asphalt mixture is as follows: modifier content of 6%~7.5%, mixing temperature of 170°C~180°C, mixing time of 60s~75s without asphalt, and mixing time of 120s with asphalt.
{"title":"Capture of the Modification Effect of SBS-T Modifier on Asphalt and its Reasonable Mixing Process","authors":"Wengang Zhang, Jixu Yang, Silin Shi, Xiang Yan, Jixiang Yang, Yichao Liu, Lilong Cui","doi":"10.2174/0126661454285167231229044154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454285167231229044154","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The rationality of the mixing process specified in the \"Technical\u0000Guideline for Construction of Direct-to-Plant SBS Modified Bituminous Pavement\"\u0000needs further verification.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To study the dynamic modification effect during the mixing process of\u0000SBS-T and the optimal mixing process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000SBS-T-modified asphalt under different mixing processes was collected in\u0000this paper, and the microscopic images were obtained by using fluorescence microscopy.\u0000Then qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted on the dynamic\u0000modification effect. The pavement performances of SBS-T modified asphalt mixture\u0000under different mixing processes were studied using the high-temperature rutting,\u0000low-temperature bending, and immersion Marshall tests.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An increase in temperature is beneficial for SBS-T to reach a rapid melting\u0000state. The fluorescence microscopic area reaches its maximum at a mixing temperature\u0000of 180°C, a mixing time of 60s~75s without asphalt, and a mixing time of 120\u0000seconds with asphalt.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mixing process of SBS-T modified asphalt mixture is as follows:\u0000modifier content of 6%~7.5%, mixing temperature of 170°C~180°C, mixing time of\u000060s~75s without asphalt, and mixing time of 120s with asphalt.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.2174/0126661454257973230919062622
N.K Anushkannan, S. K. Sahu, T. C. Anil Kumar, Ashish Verma, N. Pragadish, V. Karthi, M. Kannan, B. B. Nayak
In this research work, an attempt was made to machine Ti6Al4V nano composites utilizing Al2O3 mixed nano fluid at minimum quantity lubrication condition, in which experiments were designed using the L16 orthogonal array, whereas Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness, machining force and power were recorded as responses. The nano composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique and the nano particles were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. the microstructure revealed that the homogeneous dispersion of particles with dendric arms. Increased cutting speed and feed lead to more tool wear, which in turn causes a decrease in surface quality and an increase in surface roughness. Larger areas of cut are often the consequence of higher feed rates, which increases the amount of friction between the work piece and the cutting edge. The machining force increases when the feed rate is increased. A higher feed rate produces a large volume of the cut material in a given length of time in addition to having a dynamic impact on the cutting forces. It also results in a corresponding increase in the typical contact stress at the tool chip interface and in the tool chip contact zone.
{"title":"Machining Performance of Ti6Al4V Nano Composites Processed at Al2O3\u0000Nano Particles Mixed Minimum Quantity Lubrication Condition","authors":"N.K Anushkannan, S. K. Sahu, T. C. Anil Kumar, Ashish Verma, N. Pragadish, V. Karthi, M. Kannan, B. B. Nayak","doi":"10.2174/0126661454257973230919062622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454257973230919062622","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this research work, an attempt was made to machine Ti6Al4V nano composites\u0000utilizing Al2O3 mixed nano fluid at minimum quantity lubrication condition, in which experiments\u0000were designed using the L16 orthogonal array, whereas Material Removal Rate, Surface\u0000Roughness, machining force and power were recorded as responses.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nano composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique and the nano particles\u0000were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. the microstructure revealed that the homogeneous dispersion\u0000of particles with dendric arms. Increased cutting speed and feed lead to more tool wear,\u0000which in turn causes a decrease in surface quality and an increase in surface roughness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Larger areas of cut are often the consequence of higher feed rates, which increases the\u0000amount of friction between the work piece and the cutting edge. The machining force increases\u0000when the feed rate is increased. A higher feed rate produces a large volume of the cut material\u0000in a given length of time in addition to having a dynamic impact on the cutting forces.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It also results in a corresponding increase in the typical contact stress at the tool\u0000chip interface and in the tool chip contact zone.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140515130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.2174/0126661454267476231214053431
Manish Naagar, Sonia Chalia, P. Thakur, A. Thakur
The study systematically investigates the influence of annealing temperatures, ranging from 500°C to 900°C with 100°C increments, on the microstructural characteristics of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, with sizes between 7-18 nm, were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that higher annealing temperatures correspond to noticeable increases in crystallite size, lattice parameter, unit cell volume, and interatomic distances within both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Concurrently, a substantial decrease is observed in the average theoretical X-ray density, dislocation density, and microstructural strain. This investigation elucidates the underlying physical and chemical processes driving these transformations. To explore and quantify the intricate relationships between annealing temperature and various microstructural attributes of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) serves as a robust statistical tool. The study establishes significant associations and elucidates the strength and direction of these correlations. Regression analysis yields highly robust correlations (Adjusted R-Squared > 0.99) between microstructural features and annealing temperature. These correlations provide valuable predictive insights into microstructural characteristics, offering substantial support for optimizing CoFe2O4 nanoparticle applications across a temperature range spanning from 500°C to 900°C. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of materials engineering and offers practical guidance for applications requiring precise control over nanoparticle properties.
{"title":"Tuning Microstructural Attributes of Spinel Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles through Annealing Temperature","authors":"Manish Naagar, Sonia Chalia, P. Thakur, A. Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126661454267476231214053431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454267476231214053431","url":null,"abstract":"The study systematically investigates the influence of annealing temperatures, ranging from 500°C to 900°C with 100°C increments, on the microstructural characteristics of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, with sizes between 7-18 nm, were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that higher annealing temperatures correspond to noticeable increases in crystallite size, lattice parameter, unit cell volume, and interatomic distances within both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Concurrently, a substantial decrease is observed in the average theoretical X-ray density, dislocation density, and microstructural strain. This investigation elucidates the underlying physical and chemical processes driving these transformations. To explore and quantify the intricate relationships between annealing temperature and various microstructural attributes of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) serves as a robust statistical tool. The study establishes significant associations and elucidates the strength and direction of these correlations. Regression analysis yields highly robust correlations (Adjusted R-Squared > 0.99) between microstructural features and annealing temperature. These correlations provide valuable predictive insights into microstructural characteristics, offering substantial support for optimizing CoFe2O4 nanoparticle applications across a temperature range spanning from 500°C to 900°C. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of materials engineering and offers practical guidance for applications requiring precise control over nanoparticle properties.","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"77 s331","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.2174/0126661454252093231127102414
Deepti Shukla
Mechanoluminescence (ML) refers to the light emission from numerous organic and inorganic materials upon mechanical stimulation. As a brand new class of smart materials, mechanoluminescent materials are broadly relevant for fluorescence switches, mechanic sensors, protection papers, optoelectronic gadgets, record garages, and many others. In the past few years, systematic investigations have been executed, resulting in the production of an expanding number of mechanoluminescent substances. In this evaluation, the late developments in natural organic mechanoluminescent substances are summarized, along with mechano-fluorescent and triboluminescent results from conjugated small molecules. Organic-inorganic Nanocomposite substances have attracted great interest, given that they cover an extensive variety of properties by combining contrasting properties and/or developing novel residences. Composites’ useful properties may also be manipulated by stimuli, such as mildness, pH, magnetic or electric discipline mechanical pressure, and heat. While the stimuli have the ability to control a wide range of material properties, they can also be transferred and manipulated by stimuli, such as mildness, pH, magnetic or electric discipline, mechanical pressure, and heat. While the stimuli have the ability to control a wide range of material properties, they can also be transferred to a device with an ON-OFF machine: a transfer. A switchable cloth must showcase the belongings; this is quite distinctive upon stimulation (i.e., ON and off states) with the reversible mechanism. Switchable materials have been actively studied in order to maximize the difference between ON and stale states by editing the shape and composition of Nanocomposites, as well as on stimuli to control the response time. Switchable substances find their programs in numerous fields consisting of catalysts, sensors, photodetectors, reminiscence devices, and drug delivery systems. In this overview, we talk about the most current design innovations and synthesis of natural and inorganic nanoscale materials, whose properties can be controlled in reaction to a particular stimulus.
{"title":"Mechanoluminescence and Its Recent Applications","authors":"Deepti Shukla","doi":"10.2174/0126661454252093231127102414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454252093231127102414","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mechanoluminescence (ML) refers to the light emission from numerous\u0000organic and inorganic materials upon mechanical stimulation. As a brand new class of\u0000smart materials, mechanoluminescent materials are broadly relevant for fluorescence\u0000switches, mechanic sensors, protection papers, optoelectronic gadgets, record garages, and many others. In the past few years, systematic investigations have been executed, resulting in the production of an expanding number of mechanoluminescent substances. In this evaluation, the late developments in natural organic mechanoluminescent substances are summarized, along with mechano-fluorescent and triboluminescent results from conjugated small molecules. Organic-inorganic Nanocomposite substances have attracted great interest, given that they cover an extensive\u0000variety of properties by combining contrasting properties and/or developing novel\u0000residences. Composites’ useful properties may also be manipulated by stimuli, such\u0000as mildness, pH, magnetic or electric discipline mechanical pressure, and heat.\u0000While the stimuli have the ability to control a wide range of material properties, they\u0000can also be transferred and manipulated by stimuli, such as mildness, pH, magnetic or\u0000electric discipline, mechanical pressure, and heat. While the stimuli have the ability to\u0000control a wide range of material properties, they can also be transferred to a device with\u0000an ON-OFF machine: a transfer. A switchable cloth must showcase the belongings; this\u0000is quite distinctive upon stimulation (i.e., ON and off states) with the reversible mechanism. Switchable materials have been actively studied in order to maximize the difference between ON and stale states by editing the shape and composition of Nanocomposites, as well as on stimuli to control the response time. Switchable substances\u0000find their programs in numerous fields consisting of catalysts, sensors, photodetectors,\u0000reminiscence devices, and drug delivery systems. In this overview, we talk about the\u0000most current design innovations and synthesis of natural and inorganic nanoscale materials, whose properties can be controlled in reaction to a particular stimulus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"177 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.2174/0126661454270676231127043124
Rajnee Yadav, Vikas Lahariya
Contamination from heavy metal ions is a rising problem. It has direct and indirect impacts on human health, the environment, and aquatic life. Thus, detecting trace amounts of these elements presents significant challenges. It is important to develop effective, affordable, accurate, fast sensing monitoring systems. A new field of sensing techniques has emerged with the discovery of bio-compatible fluorescent carbon nanodots. Although the study of heavy metal ion detection using carbon nanodots and fluorometric sensing techniques is relatively new and developing, it holds great potential for aiding scientists in the development of environmentally friendly sensing systems. This article focuses on the utilization of carbon nanodots in fluorescencebased detection of metal ions in various media. The ability to emit fluorescence across the entire visible spectrum under UV and visible light excitation offers fluorescent quenching or fluorescent enhancement phenomena in the presence of trace amount of metal ions. The present work discusses different fluorometric sensing phenomena, its mechanism and applications of carbon dots on it. It covers the recent progress in carbon-nano dots for bio-based synthesis, physical properties, and application in heavy metal sensing.
{"title":"Fluorometric Sensing of Metal Ions by Carbon Nano Dots - A Review","authors":"Rajnee Yadav, Vikas Lahariya","doi":"10.2174/0126661454270676231127043124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454270676231127043124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Contamination from heavy metal ions is a rising problem. It has direct and\u0000indirect impacts on human health, the environment, and aquatic life. Thus, detecting\u0000trace amounts of these elements presents significant challenges. It is important to develop\u0000effective, affordable, accurate, fast sensing monitoring systems. A new field of\u0000sensing techniques has emerged with the discovery of bio-compatible fluorescent carbon\u0000nanodots. Although the study of heavy metal ion detection using carbon nanodots\u0000and fluorometric sensing techniques is relatively new and developing, it holds great\u0000potential for aiding scientists in the development of environmentally friendly sensing\u0000systems. This article focuses on the utilization of carbon nanodots in fluorescencebased\u0000detection of metal ions in various media. The ability to emit fluorescence\u0000across the entire visible spectrum under UV and visible light excitation offers fluorescent\u0000quenching or fluorescent enhancement phenomena in the presence of trace\u0000amount of metal ions. The present work discusses different fluorometric sensing phenomena,\u0000its mechanism and applications of carbon dots on it. It covers the recent progress\u0000in carbon-nano dots for bio-based synthesis, physical properties, and application\u0000in heavy metal sensing.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"23 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sprayed steel fiber reinforced recycled concrete (SSFRC), as a green product of small particle size recycled aggregate (RA), was tested for compressive performance using an electro-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine. The replacement rate of RA, the volume ratio of Steel Fiber (SF), and the strain-stress curve of SSFRC were studied. The relationship between the axial compressive strength and the compressive constitutive model of SSFRC was proposed, and theoretical support for expanding the engineering application of recycled concrete (RC) was provided.
{"title":"Axial Compression Performance of Sprayed Steel Fiber Recycled Concrete","authors":"Changxing Yu, Chuanqi Liu, Xiangguang Pan, Yuanhao Ma, Aihua Zhang, Xuanhao Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0126661454272386231125164348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454272386231125164348","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sprayed steel fiber reinforced recycled concrete (SSFRC), as a green product\u0000of small particle size recycled aggregate (RA), was tested for compressive performance\u0000using an electro-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine. The replacement\u0000rate of RA, the volume ratio of Steel Fiber (SF), and the strain-stress curve of SSFRC\u0000were studied. The relationship between the axial compressive strength and the compressive\u0000constitutive model of SSFRC was proposed, and theoretical support for expanding\u0000the engineering application of recycled concrete (RC) was provided.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"37 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.2174/0126661454277271231120102555
S. Karthik, R. Abinav, N. A. Kumaar, M. Hariharan, S. Induprakash, V. Akilesh, Divya Bajpai Tripathy
Augmenting concern towards effective utilization of agro waste into useful products has formented the scientific community to look for alternate sources of materials. On a circular economy contemplation, natural fibers extricated from agro waste have a potential headway towards the evolution of newer materials. The current research activity is focused on the optimization of influential parameters, namely fiber volume, load, sliding distance and sliding velocity on the wear characteristics of inflorescence fiber-fortified epoxy composites. Coconut Inflorescence fiber is selected as reinforcement material for the present work. NaOH treatment at 5% wt/vol for 1 hour towards removal of amorphous contents present in the fibers. Taguchi-inspired L16 orthogonal array is used for the design of experiments using Minitab software. The control factors chosen for the optimization study are namely fiber content (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm), a load of (5 N, 10N, 15 N and 20 N), a sliding distance of (200 m, 400 m, 600 m and 800 m) and sliding velocity of (6 m/s, 12 m/s, 18 m/s and 24 m/s). The optimal combination of parameters, namely fiber content of 20 wt%, load of 5N, a sliding distance of 600 m and sliding velocity of 24 m/s, contributed to the merest wear rate of 4.328 m3 /N.m. Morphological evaluation of the composites revealed agglomeration of fibers in the matrix, thereby, the matrix was not able to transfer load uniformly. Leading to failure of composites as a result of wear rate increase. Thus, inflorescence fiber-fortified epoxy composites fabricated on the above-mentioned control factors will have better wear rate for futuristic applications.
{"title":"Optimization of Control Factors Influencing the Wear Behaviour of\u0000Inflorescence Fibril Fortified Epoxy Composites","authors":"S. Karthik, R. Abinav, N. A. Kumaar, M. Hariharan, S. Induprakash, V. Akilesh, Divya Bajpai Tripathy","doi":"10.2174/0126661454277271231120102555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454277271231120102555","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Augmenting concern towards effective utilization of agro\u0000waste into useful products has formented the scientific community to look for alternate sources of materials. On a circular economy contemplation, natural fibers extricated from agro waste have a potential headway towards the evolution of newer materials.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current research activity is focused on the optimization of influential\u0000parameters, namely fiber volume, load, sliding distance and sliding velocity on the\u0000wear characteristics of inflorescence fiber-fortified epoxy composites. Coconut Inflorescence fiber is selected as reinforcement material for the present work. NaOH\u0000treatment at 5% wt/vol for 1 hour towards removal of amorphous contents present in\u0000the fibers. Taguchi-inspired L16 orthogonal array is used for the design of experiments using Minitab software. The control factors chosen for the optimization study\u0000are namely fiber content (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm), a load of (5 N, 10N,\u000015 N and 20 N), a sliding distance of (200 m, 400 m, 600 m and 800 m) and sliding\u0000velocity of (6 m/s, 12 m/s, 18 m/s and 24 m/s).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The optimal combination of parameters, namely fiber content of 20 wt%,\u0000load of 5N, a sliding distance of 600 m and sliding velocity of 24 m/s, contributed to\u0000the merest wear rate of 4.328 m3\u0000/N.m. Morphological evaluation of the composites\u0000revealed agglomeration of fibers in the matrix, thereby, the matrix was not able to\u0000transfer load uniformly.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Leading to failure of composites as a result of wear rate increase. Thus,\u0000inflorescence fiber-fortified epoxy composites fabricated on the above-mentioned\u0000control factors will have better wear rate for futuristic applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"25 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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