Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2021.1.0331
D. Pasquini, Cassandra Detti, F. Ferrini, C. Brunetti, A. Gori
The Mediterranean basin represents one of the key hotspots in terms of biodiversity and endemic floristic richness in the world (i.e., a reservoir of plant biodiversity). With ongoing climate change, the Mediterranean vegetation is increasingly exposed to different sources of environmental stresses, such as drought, heat, and solar irradiance. To cope with these severe abiotic stresses, beside morpho-anatomical traits, Mediterranean endemic species enhance the production of secondary metabolites, especially terpenes and polyphenols. These compounds have different roles in plants. Terpene and polyphenol compounds play a key antioxidant function (quenching Reactive Oxygen Species) thus improving ozone and drought tolerance, while also acting as pollinator attractors and repellents for dangerous herbivorous insects (contributing to the taste and odour of different plant tissues). In addition to their roles in plants, these bioactive compounds provide multiple health-promoting benefits for humans. Indeed, they can be used in different types of industries, such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, green (as supplements to fossil fuel and insecticides) and cosmetic industries. In conclusion, these compounds may be considered as key innovative components in different technological domains
{"title":"Polyphenols and terpenes in Mediterranean plants: an overview of their roles and possible applications","authors":"D. Pasquini, Cassandra Detti, F. Ferrini, C. Brunetti, A. Gori","doi":"10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2021.1.0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2021.1.0331","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean basin represents one of the key hotspots in terms of biodiversity and endemic floristic richness in the world (i.e., a reservoir of plant biodiversity). With ongoing climate change, the Mediterranean vegetation is increasingly exposed to different sources of environmental stresses, such as drought, heat, and solar irradiance. To cope with these severe abiotic stresses, beside morpho-anatomical traits, Mediterranean endemic species enhance the production of secondary metabolites, especially terpenes and polyphenols. These compounds have different roles in plants. Terpene and polyphenol compounds play a key antioxidant function (quenching Reactive Oxygen Species) thus improving ozone and drought tolerance, while also acting as pollinator attractors and repellents for dangerous herbivorous insects (contributing to the taste and odour of different plant tissues). In addition to their roles in plants, these bioactive compounds provide multiple health-promoting benefits for humans. Indeed, they can be used in different types of industries, such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, green (as supplements to fossil fuel and insecticides) and cosmetic industries. In conclusion, these compounds may be considered as key innovative components in different technological domains","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48985985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.26353/j.itahort/2021.1.7487
Nissaf Karbout, H. Beser, Latifa Dhaouidi, Mohamad Wahba, M. Moussa
Although the importance of organic amendments on arid soils of semi-arid and arid lands in improving long-term soil fertility, the excessive use of these amendments may induce the mineralization of the soil’s native organic components. Thus, this study focused on the examination of the impact of the use of three different amendments, sewage sludge, compost, and horse manure on nitrogen soil dynamics as well on the physico-chemical characteristics (soil texture, nitrogen cycle, and carbon concentration) and plant characteristics (morphology and production). In this context, the present work discusses one of the major issues challenging sustainable agriculture development related to increasing land degradation, soil salinization, and fertility loss. The three amendments were applied on the soil collected at the Institute of Arid Regions of Gabes. The findings of these experimental trials indicated that compost seems to be the most valuable organic amendment that may be used for an adequate supply of nitrogen and optimal benefits for plant growth. The highest mineral nitrogen content was found in the treatment with sludge. The manure-based treatment had the highest carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N=25). The effects of the amendments were well reflected in the growth and production of bean plants after one year from the amendment. An increase in biomass was observed in the amended pots. The highest increase in pods biomass was obtained in the pots amended with sewage sludge and vegetable compost followed by household manure treatment
{"title":"Evolution of nitrogen mineralization dynamics and bean production with three different organic amendments in the arid soil of south Tunisia","authors":"Nissaf Karbout, H. Beser, Latifa Dhaouidi, Mohamad Wahba, M. Moussa","doi":"10.26353/j.itahort/2021.1.7487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2021.1.7487","url":null,"abstract":"Although the importance of organic amendments on arid soils of semi-arid and arid lands in improving long-term soil fertility, the excessive use of these amendments may induce the mineralization of the soil’s native organic components. Thus, this study focused on the examination of the impact of the use of three different amendments, sewage sludge, compost, and horse manure on nitrogen soil dynamics as well on the physico-chemical characteristics (soil texture, nitrogen cycle, and carbon concentration) and plant characteristics (morphology and production). In this context, the present work discusses one of the major issues challenging sustainable agriculture development related to increasing land degradation, soil salinization, and fertility loss. The three amendments were applied on the soil collected at the Institute of Arid Regions of Gabes. The findings of these experimental trials indicated that compost seems to be the most valuable organic amendment that may be used for an adequate supply of nitrogen and optimal benefits for plant growth. The highest mineral nitrogen content was found in the treatment with sludge. The manure-based treatment had the highest carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N=25). The effects of the amendments were well reflected in the growth and production of bean plants after one year from the amendment. An increase in biomass was observed in the amended pots. The highest increase in pods biomass was obtained in the pots amended with sewage sludge and vegetable compost followed by household manure treatment","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.1830
M. Gonnella, M. Renna, F. Serio
Multi-leaf lettuce has been proposed as a new type of product to be grown in open field or protected cultivation, especially for ready-to-eat salads. Like Batavia, oak leaf or lollo, multi-leaf lettuce is more attractive in characteristics such as size, colour, texture, but has smaller, more uniform leaves attached in a single point at the base. In the current research, we evaluated yield and quality of three multi-leaf lettuce cultivars (Ezra, Ezabel and Eztoril), in both autumn-winter and winter-spring cycles, by comparing soilless versus soil cultivation, and within soilless by comparing the supply of 50% nitrogen as ammonium form instead of sole nitrate fertilization. Soilless cultivation improved crop yield by about 20%, but only with the limiting environmental conditions of the first cycle. Among cultivars, Ezra always presented taller leaves than the others. Multi-leaf lettuce had good ammonium tolerance, never showing symptoms of toxicity. Ammonium nitrogen supply caused a slight increase in dry matter content, but only at the spring harvests. Simultaneously, it was responsible for a lower nitrate content, compared to nitrate-fed plants (-11 and -30%, respectively in first and second cycle). Generally, the nitrate content was quite low (2,470 and 1,000 mg kg fresh weight, respectively in the two cycles), considering that it was a protected cultivation in winter or winter-spring. Under the operating conditions of our experiment, the influence of soil cultivation on dry matter and nitrate content was variable in relation to the cultivars. Mixed ammonium nutrition tended to increase the chlorophyll content in soilless-grown lettuce, only in the autumn-winter cycle, but this did not cause colour changes.
{"title":"Yield and quality of greenhouse multi-leaf lettuce cultivars grown in soil and soilless culture under Mediterranean conditions","authors":"M. Gonnella, M. Renna, F. Serio","doi":"10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.1830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.1830","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-leaf lettuce has been proposed as a new type of product to be grown in open field or protected cultivation, especially for ready-to-eat salads. Like Batavia, oak leaf or lollo, multi-leaf lettuce is more attractive in characteristics such as size, colour, texture, but has smaller, more uniform leaves attached in a single point at the base. In the current research, we evaluated yield and quality of three multi-leaf lettuce cultivars (Ezra, Ezabel and Eztoril), in both autumn-winter and winter-spring cycles, by comparing soilless versus soil cultivation, and within soilless by comparing the supply of 50% nitrogen as ammonium form instead of sole nitrate fertilization. Soilless cultivation improved crop yield by about 20%, but only with the limiting environmental conditions of the first cycle. Among cultivars, Ezra always presented taller leaves than the others. Multi-leaf lettuce had good ammonium tolerance, never showing symptoms of toxicity. Ammonium nitrogen supply caused a slight increase in dry matter content, but only at the spring harvests. Simultaneously, it was responsible for a lower nitrate content, compared to nitrate-fed plants (-11 and -30%, respectively in first and second cycle). Generally, the nitrate content was quite low (2,470 and 1,000 mg kg fresh weight, respectively in the two cycles), considering that it was a protected cultivation in winter or winter-spring. Under the operating conditions of our experiment, the influence of soil cultivation on dry matter and nitrate content was variable in relation to the cultivars. Mixed ammonium nutrition tended to increase the chlorophyll content in soilless-grown lettuce, only in the autumn-winter cycle, but this did not cause colour changes.","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.0117
C. Villano, R. Aversano
{"title":"Towards grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) mildews resistance: molecular defence mechanisms and New Breeding Technologies","authors":"C. Villano, R. Aversano","doi":"10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.0117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41753072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.3140
Anna Rana, A. Imperato, R. Rao, G. Corrado
{"title":"Identification and expression profile of a thioredoxin h in olive (Olea europaea L.)","authors":"Anna Rana, A. Imperato, R. Rao, G. Corrado","doi":"10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.3140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.3.3140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.2.5565
R. Bulgari, P. Turconi, D. Colombo, A. Ferrante
: The aim of the work was to test the efficacy of the antitranspirant Scudotherm® in preventing cold damages on Phaseolus vulgaris L. Two tests were conducted: the first between June-July 2018, and the second between May-June 2019. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in plastic pots (10 pots/treatment), on a peaty substrate. Treatments were carried out on three-week-old plants, by foliar application 24 hours before the stress. The experimental design included treatments with Scudotherm® at 2% compared to an untreated and unstressed control, and to an untreated but stressed control (con-trols were sprayed with tap water). The cold stress was induced by placing the plants at 3-4 °C, for 48 hours. Both in vivo and destructive analyzes were performed to evaluate the health status of plants, immediately after stress and after a one-week recovery period. The analyzes were performed on three biological replications. No significant effect of the treatments was observed on chlorophylls in vivo , chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, secondary metabolites (anthocyanins and phenolic index), and lipid peroxidation. Significant variations were found in the metabolism of the sugars. Scudotherm® allowed maintaining the sucrose concentration similar to control and lower than stressed plants. During the first year, a similar behavior was also recorded for total sugars. These results suggested that Scudotherm® is able to mitigate some of the negative consequences of low temperatures, acting as a physical barrier on leaves, with an indirect physiological and biochemical effect.
{"title":"Antitranspirant treatment on bean plants to counteract cold stress","authors":"R. Bulgari, P. Turconi, D. Colombo, A. Ferrante","doi":"10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.2.5565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.2.5565","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of the work was to test the efficacy of the antitranspirant Scudotherm® in preventing cold damages on Phaseolus vulgaris L. Two tests were conducted: the first between June-July 2018, and the second between May-June 2019. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in plastic pots (10 pots/treatment), on a peaty substrate. Treatments were carried out on three-week-old plants, by foliar application 24 hours before the stress. The experimental design included treatments with Scudotherm® at 2% compared to an untreated and unstressed control, and to an untreated but stressed control (con-trols were sprayed with tap water). The cold stress was induced by placing the plants at 3-4 °C, for 48 hours. Both in vivo and destructive analyzes were performed to evaluate the health status of plants, immediately after stress and after a one-week recovery period. The analyzes were performed on three biological replications. No significant effect of the treatments was observed on chlorophylls in vivo , chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, secondary metabolites (anthocyanins and phenolic index), and lipid peroxidation. Significant variations were found in the metabolism of the sugars. Scudotherm® allowed maintaining the sucrose concentration similar to control and lower than stressed plants. During the first year, a similar behavior was also recorded for total sugars. These results suggested that Scudotherm® is able to mitigate some of the negative consequences of low temperatures, acting as a physical barrier on leaves, with an indirect physiological and biochemical effect.","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.1.6984
Walaa Shtai, M. Petrillo, Walaa Ben Abdelkader, Massimo Holtz
In recent years, anti-hail nets have been increasingly used to protect apple orchards. As they reduce the light intensity at canopy level, reflective ground covers are frequently placed on the soil surface before fruit harvest with the main aim to enhance color development in bicolored apples. It is not clear however, to which extent the light penetration inside the whole canopy is affected by the reflective ground covers. We performed a study in an intensively cultivated apple district of South Tyrol (northern Italy), with and without reflective ground covers. We measured light intensity at different heights from the ground and different distances from the tree trunk, using two instruments: an 80- cm long ceptometer and a point-like sensor capable of measuring the diffuse radiation component in addition to the total visible light. We found that the reflective ground cover significantly increased the quantity of diffuse light reflected from the orchard floor. The largest effect was recorded at 1 m height from the ground, but it was still significant at 2.5 m height. The influence of the reflective ground cover was particularly remarkable when sun and tree lines were aligned. The increase of total PAR inside the canopy due to the reflective material was however relatively small, suggesting a moderate effect on tree photosynthesis and therefore on apple yields.
{"title":"Total and diffuse light distribution within the canopy of an apple orchard as affected by reflective ground covers","authors":"Walaa Shtai, M. Petrillo, Walaa Ben Abdelkader, Massimo Holtz","doi":"10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.1.6984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/J.ITAHORT/2020.1.6984","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, anti-hail nets have been increasingly used to protect apple orchards. As they reduce the light intensity at canopy level, reflective ground covers are frequently placed on the soil surface before fruit harvest with the main aim to enhance color development in bicolored apples. It is not clear however, to which extent the light penetration inside the whole canopy is affected by the reflective ground covers. We performed a study in an intensively cultivated apple district of South Tyrol (northern Italy), with and without reflective ground covers. We measured light intensity at different heights from the ground and different distances from the tree trunk, using two instruments: an 80- cm long ceptometer and a point-like sensor capable of measuring the diffuse radiation component in addition to the total visible light. We found that the reflective ground cover significantly increased the quantity of diffuse light reflected from the orchard floor. The largest effect was recorded at 1 m height from the ground, but it was still significant at 2.5 m height. The influence of the reflective ground cover was particularly remarkable when sun and tree lines were aligned. The increase of total PAR inside the canopy due to the reflective material was however relatively small, suggesting a moderate effect on tree photosynthesis and therefore on apple yields.","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42222354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26353/j.itahort/2019.2.4149
S. Toscano, A. Ferrante, D. Romano
{"title":"Effect of growing conditions on the performance of potted plants in the interior plantscaping","authors":"S. Toscano, A. Ferrante, D. Romano","doi":"10.26353/j.itahort/2019.2.4149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2019.2.4149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26353/j.itahort/2019.1.4149
G. Costa
The fruit appearance, the size and some organoleptic quality parameters have a strong influence on consumer acceptance. The most appreciated parameters are certainly the size, the sweetness and the color of the fruit skin. Other parameters are important as related to the processing destination of the fruit. Some of these parameters as the size and the skin color can be improved with the cultural management and are here reported some examples (i.e. PGRs application and protected cultivation). Finally the main standard and innovative devices for characterizing the main quality parameters are listed
{"title":"Fruit quality: updated definition and modern methods of assessmen","authors":"G. Costa","doi":"10.26353/j.itahort/2019.1.4149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2019.1.4149","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit appearance, the size and some organoleptic quality parameters have a strong influence on consumer acceptance. The most appreciated parameters are certainly the size, the sweetness and the color of the fruit skin. Other parameters are important as related to the processing destination of the fruit. Some of these parameters as the size and the skin color can be improved with the cultural management and are here reported some examples (i.e. PGRs application and protected cultivation). Finally the main standard and innovative devices for characterizing the main quality parameters are listed","PeriodicalId":36731,"journal":{"name":"Italus Hortus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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