Firman Muntaqo, Sri Turatmiyah, Bagoes Mahendra Jaya, Machdum Satria
Pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum di bidang minyak dan gas bumi, adalah prioritas pembangunan nasional berbatas waktu. Berbagai kendala dihadapi dalam proses pengadaan tanahnya, terlebih jika tanah yang diperlukan berada di kawasan hutan. Penelitian menyimpulkan, kendala pengadaan tanah di kawasan hutan adalah akibat perundang-undangan di bidang kehutanan bersifat sektoral, penggunaan tanah dengan konsep yang berbeda sebagai hutan, yang tidak berdasarkan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, mengakibatkan terjadinya tumpang tindih pengaturan terhadap objek yang sama (tanah), tidak sinkron dan tidak harmonis dengan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Untuk mengatasi dan mengeliminir berbagai kendala tersebut, penting dan mendesak dilakukan sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi Undang-Undangan Kehutanan dengan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, sebagai dasar pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum di bidang minyak dan gas bumi di kawasan hutan. Dimasa mendatang, pemanfaatan tanah sebagai hutan oleh Kementrian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup seharusnya didasarkan pada Hak Pengelolaan Publik yang terdaftar, bersertifikat, yang secara administratif dikoordinir oleh Kementrian Agraria dan Tata Ruang.
{"title":"PENGADAAN TANAH PADA KAWASAN HUTAN BAGI PEMBANGUNAN UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM DI SEKTOR MIGAS","authors":"Firman Muntaqo, Sri Turatmiyah, Bagoes Mahendra Jaya, Machdum Satria","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I2.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I2.921","url":null,"abstract":"Pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum di bidang minyak dan gas bumi, adalah prioritas pembangunan nasional berbatas waktu. Berbagai kendala dihadapi dalam proses pengadaan tanahnya, terlebih jika tanah yang diperlukan berada di kawasan hutan. Penelitian menyimpulkan, kendala pengadaan tanah di kawasan hutan adalah akibat perundang-undangan di bidang kehutanan bersifat sektoral, penggunaan tanah dengan konsep yang berbeda sebagai hutan, yang tidak berdasarkan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, mengakibatkan terjadinya tumpang tindih pengaturan terhadap objek yang sama (tanah), tidak sinkron dan tidak harmonis dengan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Untuk mengatasi dan mengeliminir berbagai kendala tersebut, penting dan mendesak dilakukan sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi Undang-Undangan Kehutanan dengan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, sebagai dasar pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum di bidang minyak dan gas bumi di kawasan hutan. Dimasa mendatang, pemanfaatan tanah sebagai hutan oleh Kementrian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup seharusnya didasarkan pada Hak Pengelolaan Publik yang terdaftar, bersertifikat, yang secara administratif dikoordinir oleh Kementrian Agraria dan Tata Ruang.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"9 1","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengaturan keabsahan kontrak elektronik di Indonesia diatur dalam berbagai regulasi. Namun praktiknya, perbedaan tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan konflik dan ketidakpastian hukum di antara para pihak. Rumusan masalah yang diteliti adalah bagaimana implikasi hukum dari perbedaan pengaturan keabsahan kontrak elektronik berdasarkan hukum nasional dan UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce Tahun 1996 dalam hukum perlindungan konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang membahas doktrin atau asas dalam ilmu hukum yang bertujuan untuk menemukan kaidah hukum positif. Implikasi hukum perbedaan pengaturan kontrak elektronik dalam pengaturan keabsahan kontrak elektronik berdasarkan hukum nasional dan UNCITRAL Model Law On Electronic Commerce Tahun 1996 telah menimbulkan implikasi hukum bagi perlindungan konsumen, yaitu: privasi, klausula baku, otensitas subjek hukum, validitas subjek hukum, objek e-commerce, dan tanggung jawab para pihak.
印尼的电子合同合法性安排受到许多监管。但在实践中，这些差异可能会在各方之间造成法律上的冲突和不确定性。所研究的问题的一个公式是，根据1996年的《消费者保护法》，电子合同有效性的不同设置的影响。使用的研究方法是对法理学中旨在寻找积极法典的教义或原则的规范法律的研究。1996年，根据《国家法》(national Law)和《电子商业法》(UNCITRAL Law On Electronic Commerce)的合法合同合法性所产生的法律影响，对消费者的保护产生了法律影响:隐私、标准条款、法律主体的真实性、法律主体的有效性、电子商务对象和各方责任。
{"title":"KONSEP KEABSAHAN KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK BERDASARKAN HUKUM NASIONAL DAN UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE TAHUN 1996: STUDI PERBANDINGAN HUKUM DAN IMPILKASINYA DALAM HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN","authors":"M. Alvi Syahrin","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I2.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I2.419","url":null,"abstract":"Pengaturan keabsahan kontrak elektronik di Indonesia diatur dalam berbagai regulasi. Namun praktiknya, perbedaan tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan konflik dan ketidakpastian hukum di antara para pihak. Rumusan masalah yang diteliti adalah bagaimana implikasi hukum dari perbedaan pengaturan keabsahan kontrak elektronik berdasarkan hukum nasional dan UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce Tahun 1996 dalam hukum perlindungan konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang membahas doktrin atau asas dalam ilmu hukum yang bertujuan untuk menemukan kaidah hukum positif. Implikasi hukum perbedaan pengaturan kontrak elektronik dalam pengaturan keabsahan kontrak elektronik berdasarkan hukum nasional dan UNCITRAL Model Law On Electronic Commerce Tahun 1996 telah menimbulkan implikasi hukum bagi perlindungan konsumen, yaitu: privasi, klausula baku, otensitas subjek hukum, validitas subjek hukum, objek e-commerce, dan tanggung jawab para pihak.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"9 1","pages":"105-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42751762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstrak: Pembangunan infrastruktur menjadi prioritas pada pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo sehingga dalam hal ini pekerjaan konstruksi menjadi sangat penting untuk menunjang misi pembangunan Presiden. Mengingat pentingnya pelaksanaan pekerjaan konstruksi guna pembangunan maka secara hukum harus dibarengi dengan adanya kepastian hukum terkait pelaksanaan kontrak konstruksi yang dibuat oleh para pihak. Persoalannya dalam hal ini kontrak yang pada awalnya dibuat untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum kini justru dengan instrument hukum yang ada termasuk Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi justru dipandang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum karena kontrak yang seharusnya masuk dalam domain hukum perdata menjadi dimungkinkan masuk dalam ranah hukum pidana. Banyaknya pelaku usaha yang menghadapi persoalan pidana terkait dengan pelaksanaan kontrak konstruksi justru dipandang sebagai hambatan pembangunan dan investasi yang disebabkan karena ketidakpastian hukum. Kata kunci: Kepastian Hukum; Kontrak; Pekerjaan Konstruksi; Hambatan Pembangunan
{"title":"KEPASTIAN HUKUM PELAKSANAAN KONTRAK KONSTRUKSI","authors":"Rio Christiawan","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I2.630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I2.630","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Pembangunan infrastruktur menjadi prioritas pada pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo sehingga dalam hal ini pekerjaan konstruksi menjadi sangat penting untuk menunjang misi pembangunan Presiden. Mengingat pentingnya pelaksanaan pekerjaan konstruksi guna pembangunan maka secara hukum harus dibarengi dengan adanya kepastian hukum terkait pelaksanaan kontrak konstruksi yang dibuat oleh para pihak. Persoalannya dalam hal ini kontrak yang pada awalnya dibuat untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum kini justru dengan instrument hukum yang ada termasuk Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi justru dipandang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum karena kontrak yang seharusnya masuk dalam domain hukum perdata menjadi dimungkinkan masuk dalam ranah hukum pidana. Banyaknya pelaku usaha yang menghadapi persoalan pidana terkait dengan pelaksanaan kontrak konstruksi justru dipandang sebagai hambatan pembangunan dan investasi yang disebabkan karena ketidakpastian hukum. Kata kunci: Kepastian Hukum; Kontrak; Pekerjaan Konstruksi; Hambatan Pembangunan","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"9 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41970658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paula da Paz Grala, Tanise Freitas Bianchi, Italo Ferreira de Leon, Mayara Guellamann da Cunha Espinelli Greco, Fabio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn, Nivia Celoi Ferreira Barargan, Viviani Aspirot Mendonça, Marcos Marreiro Villela
Serological profiles are important in cases of solid organ donation where serological findings, such as antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi and toxoplasmosis, may interfere in organ donation by increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to outline seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in possible and potential organ donors in the south of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. A cross-sectional quantitative and retrospective epidemiological study was carried out, based on secondary data. Data on serology were extracted from medical records found in the Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar (SIGH), a hospital management system used by a university hospital in the south of RS, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables, such as age, sex and race, as well as clinical variables, such as titration of IgM and IgG anti-T. cruzi and anti–T. gondii antibodies, were analyzed. Medical records were found to be poorly filled in, since 67.6% (506 records) could not be used due to lack of information. Seroprevalence of T. cruzi was 6.8% (5 cases), mostly in white males. Regarding seroprevalence of T. gondii, 76.2% (64 donors) were serologicaly positive, 10.9% of which were IgM positive. This is the first study on anti-T. cruzi and anti-T. gondii antibodies in organ donors in RS, Brazil and should be furthered since there may be consequences regarding organ uptake and donation.
血清学特征在实体器官捐献的情况下很重要，因为血清学结果，如针对克鲁兹锥虫和弓形虫的抗体，可能会增加发病率和死亡率，从而干扰器官捐献。本研究旨在概述巴西南里奥格兰德州南部可能和潜在器官捐献者中抗克鲁兹锥虫和抗弓形虫抗体的血清流行率。根据二次数据进行了横断面定量和回顾性流行病学研究。血清学数据是从巴西RS南部一所大学医院使用的医院管理系统Sistema de Gestão hospital（SIGH）的医疗记录中提取的。社会形态变量，如年龄、性别和种族，以及临床变量，如IgM和IgG抗T的滴定。cruzi和anti-T。弓形虫抗体。由于缺乏信息，67.6%（506份记录）无法使用，因此医疗记录填写不足。克鲁兹锥虫的血清流行率为6.8%（5例），主要发生在白人男性中。关于弓形虫的血清流行率，76.2%（64名捐献者）的血清呈阳性，其中10.9%为IgM阳性。这是对抗T的首次研究。cruzi和抗T。巴西RS的器官捐献者中存在弓形虫抗体，应该进一步研究，因为这可能会对器官摄取和捐献产生影响。
{"title":"Seroprevalence of anti-TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI and anti-TOXOPLASMA GONDII antibodies in possible and potential organ donors in the south of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil","authors":"Ana Paula da Paz Grala, Tanise Freitas Bianchi, Italo Ferreira de Leon, Mayara Guellamann da Cunha Espinelli Greco, Fabio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn, Nivia Celoi Ferreira Barargan, Viviani Aspirot Mendonça, Marcos Marreiro Villela","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i3.63938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.63938","url":null,"abstract":"Serological profiles are important in cases of solid organ donation where serological findings, such as antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi and toxoplasmosis, may interfere in organ donation by increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to outline seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in possible and potential organ donors in the south of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. A cross-sectional quantitative and retrospective epidemiological study was carried out, based on secondary data. Data on serology were extracted from medical records found in the Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar (SIGH), a hospital management system used by a university hospital in the south of RS, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables, such as age, sex and race, as well as clinical variables, such as titration of IgM and IgG anti-T. cruzi and anti–T. gondii antibodies, were analyzed. Medical records were found to be poorly filled in, since 67.6% (506 records) could not be used due to lack of information. Seroprevalence of T. cruzi was 6.8% (5 cases), mostly in white males. Regarding seroprevalence of T. gondii, 76.2% (64 donors) were serologicaly positive, 10.9% of which were IgM positive. This is the first study on anti-T. cruzi and anti-T. gondii antibodies in organ donors in RS, Brazil and should be furthered since there may be consequences regarding organ uptake and donation.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43318591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Theresa Holanda-Freitas, Marli do Cupertino, Elizária C. dos Santos, Lisa Oliveira, M. Geller, R. Siqueira-Batista
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and transmitted by the tsetse fly (genus Glossina), affects 36 Sub-Saharan African countries with considerable public health impact. Despite approximately 15,000 infected individuals and 70 million at risk, in recent years the World Health Organization has mentioned removal of HAT from the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases by 2020, due to the decrease in cases over the last two decades. When untreated, the disease presents high lethality rates and the available treatments are complicated to administer, highly toxic, and do not guarantee cure, especially in the advanced stages of the disease. Further, there is no prospect for vaccine development in the near future. The present review compiles information on the history of the clinical aspects of HAT, as well as its epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis, as well as updating information on the current panorama and perspectives regarding the disease.KEY WORDS: African Trypanosomiasis; neglected diseases; Trypanosoma brucei.
{"title":"Human african trypanosomiasis: current standing and challenges","authors":"Isabel Theresa Holanda-Freitas, Marli do Cupertino, Elizária C. dos Santos, Lisa Oliveira, M. Geller, R. Siqueira-Batista","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62857","url":null,"abstract":"Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and transmitted by the tsetse fly (genus Glossina), affects 36 Sub-Saharan African countries with considerable public health impact. Despite approximately 15,000 infected individuals and 70 million at risk, in recent years the World Health Organization has mentioned removal of HAT from the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases by 2020, due to the decrease in cases over the last two decades. When untreated, the disease presents high lethality rates and the available treatments are complicated to administer, highly toxic, and do not guarantee cure, especially in the advanced stages of the disease. Further, there is no prospect for vaccine development in the near future. The present review compiles information on the history of the clinical aspects of HAT, as well as its epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis, as well as updating information on the current panorama and perspectives regarding the disease.KEY WORDS: African Trypanosomiasis; neglected diseases; Trypanosoma brucei.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82961433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Perim, N. Custodio, V. D. C. V. Lima, Jaqueline Ataíde Silva Lima da Igreja, Daniella de Sousa Mendes Moreira Alves, Heloísa Ribeiro Storchilo, Antonio Roberto Gomes Junior, A. M. Castro, W. F. D. Costa, H. Rezende
Parasitic diseases are the most widespread diseases in the world. They are transmited via contaminated water or food. Considering that the daily consumption of vegetables is estimated at 142g per person, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of parasites in salads available for consumption in restaurants in Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás State. Salad samples were collected from the restaurants and parasitological analysis was performed using the Willis, Hoffman, Faust and Ziehl Neelsen techniques as well as cultures for the isolation of free-living amoebae. 51 samples were analyzed, 16 (31.4%) were positive. The parasites detected were: Acanthamoeba spp. in 12 (23.5%); free-living larvae, Schistosoma mansoni and Entamoeba coli in 1 (2.0%); Endolimax nana in 2 (3.9%). The PCR technique determined that 17.6% of the samples presented Toxoplasma gondii DNA. These techniques evidenced that the salad samples presented parasite contamination not only in the restaurants with the lowest price per Kg, but also in the most expensive ones. Therefore, in addition to effective sanitary surveillance, prophylactic measures are necessary regarding suppliers, handlers and restaurant owners to prevent the spread of these and other parasites.
寄生虫病是世界上传播最广的疾病。它们通过受污染的水或食物传播。考虑到人均每日蔬菜消费量估计为142克，本研究的目的是评估Goiás州aprecida de goinia餐馆供应的沙拉中寄生虫的发生率。从餐馆收集沙拉样本，并使用Willis, Hoffman, Faust和Ziehl Neelsen技术进行寄生虫学分析，以及培养分离自由生活的变形虫。检出51份样本，阳性16份(31.4%)。检出的寄生虫有:棘阿米巴12只(23.5%);自由生活幼虫，曼氏血吸虫和大肠内阿米巴1只(2.0%);2例(3.9%);PCR检测结果显示，17.6%的样本含有刚地弓形虫DNA。这些技术证明，不仅在每公斤价格最低的餐馆，而且在最贵的餐馆，沙拉样品中也存在寄生虫污染。因此，除了有效的卫生监测外，供应商、处理者和餐馆老板也必须采取预防措施，以防止这些寄生虫和其他寄生虫的传播。
{"title":"Occurrence of parasites in salads in restaurants in Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil","authors":"Lucas Perim, N. Custodio, V. D. C. V. Lima, Jaqueline Ataíde Silva Lima da Igreja, Daniella de Sousa Mendes Moreira Alves, Heloísa Ribeiro Storchilo, Antonio Roberto Gomes Junior, A. M. Castro, W. F. D. Costa, H. Rezende","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62681","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic diseases are the most widespread diseases in the world. They are transmited via contaminated water or food. Considering that the daily consumption of vegetables is estimated at 142g per person, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of parasites in salads available for consumption in restaurants in Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás State. Salad samples were collected from the restaurants and parasitological analysis was performed using the Willis, Hoffman, Faust and Ziehl Neelsen techniques as well as cultures for the isolation of free-living amoebae. 51 samples were analyzed, 16 (31.4%) were positive. The parasites detected were: Acanthamoeba spp. in 12 (23.5%); free-living larvae, Schistosoma mansoni and Entamoeba coli in 1 (2.0%); Endolimax nana in 2 (3.9%). The PCR technique determined that 17.6% of the samples presented Toxoplasma gondii DNA. These techniques evidenced that the salad samples presented parasite contamination not only in the restaurants with the lowest price per Kg, but also in the most expensive ones. Therefore, in addition to effective sanitary surveillance, prophylactic measures are necessary regarding suppliers, handlers and restaurant owners to prevent the spread of these and other parasites.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43709905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos, C. Gómez-Hérnandez, Lucas Gonçalves Queiroz, Renata Gregorio Franco Moura, Nathalia Pires Nogueira, Gabriela Lícia Santos Ferreira, Karine Rezende-Oliveira
Soil contamination by protozoan parasites and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is common in beach sand due to a number of factors such as pets, pluvial water, garbage, etc. These pathogens may cause many diseases in humans and animals and become a public health problem. Thus, systematic evaluation and inspection are necessary to develop control strategies regarding public contamination. For this purpose, our aims were to evaluate the parasitic profile of sandy soils on an urban beach and an untouched beach and correlate this with environmental and seasonal characteristics in Ubatuba, Brazil, in two seasons (winter and summer). 132 soilsamples were collected for parasite analysis utilizing Rugai’s method and the sedimentation adapted method. Our results showed positivity in 62% of the samples for at least one parasite in the urban beach and no parasitic structures on the untouched beach. The positivity was higher in summer (85%) than in winter (51.7%). All samples were positive for both, helminths and protozoa. Seasonal influence was noted regarding the presence of STH while for protozoa this influence was not observed. The parasitic structures most found were larvae of hookworms (35%) and Toxocara eggs (31.7%). We also noted the presence of Strongyloides sp, Ascarislumbricoides, coccidia, Dipylidium caninum, Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Giardia sp, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris sp and Dibothricephalus latus. There was a positive correlation between temperature and the presence of STH in the sand samples. Most of the collection sites on the urban beach presented dogs or canine traces and garbage in both seasons. There was an association between the presence of dogs or their traces and parasitic structures. In conclusion, seasonality, urbanization and the presence of pets on beaches can potentially favor environmental contamination by parasites increasing the risk oftransmission of zoonotic and parasitic diseases.KEY WORDS: Soil-transmitted helminths; protozoa; environmental contamination; sand; beaches.
{"title":"Parasite detection in sand from bays on the north coast of São Paulo state, Brazil","authors":"Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos, C. Gómez-Hérnandez, Lucas Gonçalves Queiroz, Renata Gregorio Franco Moura, Nathalia Pires Nogueira, Gabriela Lícia Santos Ferreira, Karine Rezende-Oliveira","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i3.63783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.63783","url":null,"abstract":"Soil contamination by protozoan parasites and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is common in beach sand due to a number of factors such as pets, pluvial water, garbage, etc. These pathogens may cause many diseases in humans and animals and become a public health problem. Thus, systematic evaluation and inspection are necessary to develop control strategies regarding public contamination. For this purpose, our aims were to evaluate the parasitic profile of sandy soils on an urban beach and an untouched beach and correlate this with environmental and seasonal characteristics in Ubatuba, Brazil, in two seasons (winter and summer). 132 soilsamples were collected for parasite analysis utilizing Rugai’s method and the sedimentation adapted method. Our results showed positivity in 62% of the samples for at least one parasite in the urban beach and no parasitic structures on the untouched beach. The positivity was higher in summer (85%) than in winter (51.7%). All samples were positive for both, helminths and protozoa. Seasonal influence was noted regarding the presence of STH while for protozoa this influence was not observed. The parasitic structures most found were larvae of hookworms (35%) and Toxocara eggs (31.7%). We also noted the presence of Strongyloides sp, Ascarislumbricoides, coccidia, Dipylidium caninum, Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Giardia sp, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris sp and Dibothricephalus latus. There was a positive correlation between temperature and the presence of STH in the sand samples. Most of the collection sites on the urban beach presented dogs or canine traces and garbage in both seasons. There was an association between the presence of dogs or their traces and parasitic structures. In conclusion, seasonality, urbanization and the presence of pets on beaches can potentially favor environmental contamination by parasites increasing the risk oftransmission of zoonotic and parasitic diseases.KEY WORDS: Soil-transmitted helminths; protozoa; environmental contamination; sand; beaches.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90331098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Sousa, M. Pinheiro, A. Júnior, José Damião da Silva Filho, F. Bezerra
In Latin America 96% of the cases of schistosomiasis occur in Brazil in low-socioeconomic status populations. The epidemiological characteristics and occurrence predictors of Schistosoma mansoni infection were determined in the Bananeiras community, located in Capistrano, a town in Ceará state, Brazil. Sanitary, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. An investigation to assess S. mansoni infection was conducted using the Kato-Katz and Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) methods. From the 258 subjects were analyzed, 54.3% (n=140) were women, median age 30 years. Thirty-three (12.8%) individuals were positive by either eggand/or CCA-positivity. The highest positivity rate was found in the 30-39 year old group. There was no piped water supply, sewage network or municipal refuse collection service. Most individuals were illiterate or had not finished elementary school (66.3%). About 29.1% of the families had a monthly income below one Brazilian minimum wage and 91.1% reported contact with natural water sources. We found an association between infection and age group of 20-40 years, illiteracy, household with 7 inhabitants or more, household with up to 3 rooms and an outhouse. Contrarily, being 40 years old or older and household with up to 6 inhabitants were not risk factors. Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in this municipality, evidencing a strong association with low socioeconomic conditions and high vulnerability. These findings reinforce the importance of identifying the factors associated with the infection for more effective guidance in actions in control programs targeting schistosomiasis prevention and control.
{"title":"Epidemiology and predictors of occurrence of SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI infection in a low-endemicity area in northeast Brazil","authors":"M. S. Sousa, M. Pinheiro, A. Júnior, José Damião da Silva Filho, F. Bezerra","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62455","url":null,"abstract":"In Latin America 96% of the cases of schistosomiasis occur in Brazil in low-socioeconomic status populations. The epidemiological characteristics and occurrence predictors of Schistosoma mansoni infection were determined in the Bananeiras community, located in Capistrano, a town in Ceará state, Brazil. Sanitary, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. An investigation to assess S. mansoni infection was conducted using the Kato-Katz and Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) methods. From the 258 subjects were analyzed, 54.3% (n=140) were women, median age 30 years. Thirty-three (12.8%) individuals were positive by either eggand/or CCA-positivity. The highest positivity rate was found in the 30-39 year old group. There was no piped water supply, sewage network or municipal refuse collection service. Most individuals were illiterate or had not finished elementary school (66.3%). About 29.1% of the families had a monthly income below one Brazilian minimum wage and 91.1% reported contact with natural water sources. We found an association between infection and age group of 20-40 years, illiteracy, household with 7 inhabitants or more, household with up to 3 rooms and an outhouse. Contrarily, being 40 years old or older and household with up to 6 inhabitants were not risk factors. Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in this municipality, evidencing a strong association with low socioeconomic conditions and high vulnerability. These findings reinforce the importance of identifying the factors associated with the infection for more effective guidance in actions in control programs targeting schistosomiasis prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andressa Santana Santos, A. Zara, F. Ataídes, Elisangela Pimentel da Silva, Vivianny Aparecida Queiroz Freitas, C. R. Costa, Thaísa C Silva, Maria R R Silva
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection. This work aims to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinical diagnosis of VVC and to characterize Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to February 2017 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The study included samples of vaginal secretion from 55 women who complained of vaginal discharge and itching as their main symptoms. The PPV of the clinical diagnosis of VVC was estimated in comparison to the laboratory culture method. The phenotypic methods and molecular tests were performed to identify Candida spp. In vitro susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B was determined using the broth microdilution assay. Yeast growth using the enzymes protease, phospholipase, and hemolysin was carried out in media containing respectively bovine albumin, egg yolk, and sheep erythrocytes. A PPV of 61.8% (34/55) was determined. Among the 55 vulvovaginal samples collected, we identified 36 isolates in which C. albicans was the most common species. High resistance to fluconazole and low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B were observed. All isolates were proteinase and hemolysin producers, while seven strains were phospholipase negative. The clinical diagnosis of VVC presented a moderate PPV, which meant that cultures had to be conducted in the laboratory to confirm infection. The high resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole indicated the importance of the in vitro susceptibility test.
{"title":"Accuracy in clinical examinations for the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis by CANDIDA SPP. and IN VITRO susceptibility to the main antifungals","authors":"Andressa Santana Santos, A. Zara, F. Ataídes, Elisangela Pimentel da Silva, Vivianny Aparecida Queiroz Freitas, C. R. Costa, Thaísa C Silva, Maria R R Silva","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i3.64233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.64233","url":null,"abstract":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection. This work aims to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinical diagnosis of VVC and to characterize Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to February 2017 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The study included samples of vaginal secretion from 55 women who complained of vaginal discharge and itching as their main symptoms. The PPV of the clinical diagnosis of VVC was estimated in comparison to the laboratory culture method. The phenotypic methods and molecular tests were performed to identify Candida spp. In vitro susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B was determined using the broth microdilution assay. Yeast growth using the enzymes protease, phospholipase, and hemolysin was carried out in media containing respectively bovine albumin, egg yolk, and sheep erythrocytes. A PPV of 61.8% (34/55) was determined. Among the 55 vulvovaginal samples collected, we identified 36 isolates in which C. albicans was the most common species. High resistance to fluconazole and low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B were observed. All isolates were proteinase and hemolysin producers, while seven strains were phospholipase negative. The clinical diagnosis of VVC presented a moderate PPV, which meant that cultures had to be conducted in the laboratory to confirm infection. The high resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole indicated the importance of the in vitro susceptibility test.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45969230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rennan Luiz Oliveira Dos Santos, L. Ruiz, M. Auler, J. K. Chavasco, D. Moreira, R. T. Ramos, B. R. Lara, C. R. Paula
1. Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Adolfo Lutz Institute, Section of Biomedical Sciences, Mycology Laboratory, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. Department of Clinical Analysis, University of Unicentro, Paraná, Brazil. 4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 5. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, USP, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Institute of Biosciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
{"title":"MULTICENTER STUDY OF CANDIDA SPECIES IN ORAL MUCOSA OF DIFFERENT PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF 711 STRAINS AND LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Rennan Luiz Oliveira Dos Santos, L. Ruiz, M. Auler, J. K. Chavasco, D. Moreira, R. T. Ramos, B. R. Lara, C. R. Paula","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i2.63481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i2.63481","url":null,"abstract":"1. Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Adolfo Lutz Institute, Section of Biomedical Sciences, Mycology Laboratory, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. Department of Clinical Analysis, University of Unicentro, Paraná, Brazil. 4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 5. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, USP, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Institute of Biosciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":"49 1","pages":"105-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49413409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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